235:
Estimating that such a radar would be available around 1957, the report suggested that existing GCI stations should receive upgraded antennas with more accuracy, new electronics for better performance, upgrades to their display systems, four Type 13's for height measuring, and two Type 14 units for anti-jamming use. Additionally, their information would be sent to six new command centres, who would produce much larger maps of the airspace, up to 1,000 miles (1,600 km) across. Additionally, all of the sites would be upgraded with hardened bunkers to allow them to survive a near miss.
90:
388:
31:
1309:
805:
759:
545:
455:
905:
791:
425:
1407:
1119:
1075:
935:
575:
1451:
1435:
1379:
1277:
1263:
1249:
1163:
1005:
977:
963:
847:
631:
617:
395:
1479:
1191:
1149:
891:
819:
701:
487:
471:
1393:
1337:
991:
921:
775:
645:
411:
1465:
1351:
1135:
1061:
863:
833:
687:
589:
1323:
1295:
1235:
1207:
1105:
1047:
1019:
949:
731:
603:
441:
1421:
673:
659:
561:
1365:
1221:
1177:
1033:
877:
745:
517:
717:
531:
1493:
1091:
503:
346:, began in 1954 with the first systems declared operational the next year. As installations continued, it was found that the accuracy was such that it could also be used to direct the interceptors, with no need to forward the information to the ROTOR control centres. By concentrating all of the plotting at a single site the total number of operators was greatly reduced.
291:
those on the western side of the UK were generally semi-sunken hardened structures ('R6') or above ground 'Secco' type huts (Hartland Point etc.). The R-series bunkers themselves were otherwise similar, featuring 10-foot-thick (3.0 m) concrete walls with all equipment, operations generators and air conditioning located inside.
2696:
Many of the buildings have been re-purposed since being active as ROTOR sites. An example is the
Bawburgh R4 SOC which was re-purposed as SRHQ4.1 and then RGHQ4.1 to suit the evolving needs of government. The building is intact, but it has been significantly reconfigured since its use as a ROTOR SOC,
247:
of July 1948 led to concerns about the next war's estimated time-frame. A White Paper on the state of the network was completed in March 1949. This found that the stations were in a terrible state, with many of them suffering weather damage and a number of them having been broken into and vandalized.
234:
so rapidly that they would fly off the maps before the interception could be arranged. The report suggested that a radar with 250 miles (400 km) range would be needed to replace the existing AMES Type 7/GCI systems, which were limited to about 90 miles (140 km) against bomber-sized targets.
149:
was so successful that it began replacing Chain Home starting in 1954. In service, these proved so accurate that they could replace the Type 7 radars as well, and their greatly improved range meant that fewer radars would be needed to provide coverage over the entire United
Kingdom. This led to the
290:
All of the radars were to be improved in terms of siting, with the addition of hardened control bunkers to protect the operators from a conventional attack. On the east coast, where a Soviet attack would be most likely, the bunkers were underground in the 'R' series (R1, R2, R3 and R4 etc.), while
216:
As the threat of German air attack became ever more remote, UK radar operations were wound down late in the war, and by the time the war ended were already largely unused. When the war ended, there was a general feeling that another war was at least ten years in the future. Given the rapid ongoing
2659:
in
Malvern, Worcestershire a ROTOR bunker was constructed above ground to allow equipment to be tested in an operational environment. The building, locally designated as H Building, originally incorporated a replica of the sector operations centre at RAF Bawburgh. The building was demolished June
334:
that, combined with a ad hoc antenna, increased the range of their existing microwave radars on the order of four times. While the resulting "Green Garlic" did not meet all of the requirements for the original MEW, it was close enough and would be available years earlier.
192:
radars free from interference and prevent a successful sneak attack by missiles. Such a system did not require a large number of radars nor country-wide coverage. To reduce the cost of this much smaller network, studies on integrating the military radars with civilian
267:, and these aircraft had the performance needed to reach the UK with a nuclear payload. These were fast, but not fast enough to escape the existing radars if they were upgraded as the Cherry Report suggested. Most of the new network would be made up of 28 rebuilt
229:
To consider the issue in more depth, the Cherry Report was commissioned in 1945. This report noted that the increasing speeds of new bombers, and especially future designs that were jet-powered, would travel across the plotting boards of the existing
298:
structure into six "Sector
Operational Commands" (SOC) with their own command bunkers (three level 'R4' protected accommodation). Only four of these were built. Additional "Anti-Aircraft Operations Rooms" were built to coordinate the
2671:
is the only Chain Home site still used as a military radar site but with no remains of the CH station on site after being rebuilt for
Linesman/Mediator in 1964. Today it is the former home of an RAF TPS 77 RRH (remote radar head).
248:
A complete defense would also require 1152 fighters and 265 AA regiments, of which only 352 fighters and 75 regiments were actually available. All of this was given extreme urgency with the 29 August 1949 test of the first
225:
felt there was no point introducing new radars that would likely become obsolete in a few years. They planned to allow radar to continue developing through this period and use the existing WWII-era systems in the meantime.
168:
in the mid-1950s was a serious blow to these plans; a single aircraft carrying a carcinotron could jam the ROTOR radars so completely that they were rendered useless. At the same time, the introduction of the
2684:
For example, West Myne in
Somerset was the last ROTOR 3 CHEL site. It was completed in 1957 after the introduction of the Type 80 radar and after many ROTOR stations had already closed. The site was within
2678:
is a working RAF building, which is housed in an ex-"ROTOR" R3 RAF Boulmer ('EZS') GCI R3 ROTOR Radar
Station & Control and Reporting Centre in the UK Air Surveillance and Control System.
177:
greatly changed the nature of the strategic threat, and the idea of whole-country defence became untenable. The only way to defend against missile attacks was deterrence, and if that failed,
158:
roles. The original ROTOR plans for 66 radars was repeatedly reduced, ultimately only requiring half that number of stations. Many of the operations rooms, recently completed, were sold.
2690:
342:
while the Green Garlic would be mated to an enormous antenna that would give it range over 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi). Installations, under the name
127:
for plotting and interception control. Data from these stations was sent to a network of control stations, mostly built underground, using an extensive telephone and
276:
2950:
283:(GCI) radars. This was, in part, a stop-gap measure anticipating the availability of the dramatically improved radar, which was now known as the
161:
ROTOR called for the continual upgrading of the network over time, both the radars and the command and control systems. The introduction of the
2940:
357:
rendered the anti-aircraft guns obsolete, and the Army handed the air defence mission entirely to the RAF. All of the AAOR sites were closed.
303:'s AA defences in the same overall system. The entire network of bunkers, radars, fighter control and command centres used up 350,000 tons of
2945:
2787:
353:(MRS), while the rest were made redundant, some only two years after opening. During the same period, the introduction of the first
188:
force, the "1958 Plan". This role was eventually abandoned, leaving only the task of locating aircraft carrying jammers to keep the
1506:
387:
368:, many of the sites were retained by the government. They were later sold to private buyers, converted into museums (for example
287:, which was expected in the 1957 time-frame. Interception guidance would still be handled by existing systems in either case.
115:. To get it operational as quickly as possible, it was initially made up primarily of WWII-era systems, notably the original
2866:
Morris, Alec (1996). "UK Control & Reporting System from the End of WWII to ROTOR and Beyond". In Hunter, Sandy (ed.).
2052:
911:
2955:
2901:
2856:
74:
52:
45:
1924:
781:
369:
2889:
280:
201:
system of only five primary stations. The original ROTOR was replaced by
Linesman in stages, starting in 1967.
155:
373:
2920:
2656:
361:
349:
As a result of the introduction of the Type 80, many of the existing ROTOR sites were rationalized into
2697:
notably with the addition of an extra floor and the flooring-over of the original R4 operations well.
2704:
hoping to be given access to find and uncover the
Foreness, Kent station which grid ref is TR 385710
323:
339:
39:
284:
354:
338:
The decision was made to make the MEW a long-term development with additional features such as
56:
2813:
89:
2686:
205:
178:
8:
295:
253:
194:
151:
120:
2911:
2848:
Watching the Skies: The
History of Ground Radar in the Air Defense of the United Kingdom
260:
184:
ROTOR was initially to be replaced by a new network dedicated largely to defending the
105:
2885:
2852:
198:
174:
2668:
2433:
1908:
1283:
765:
331:
327:
2827:
307:, 20,000 tons of steel and thousands of miles of telephone and telex connections.
2846:
1699:
1609:
551:
461:
311:
244:
2925:
2916:
2681:
In terms of current condition, the ROTOR sites vary from demolished to intact.
1565:
431:
272:
231:
2934:
2262:
2219:
1125:
1081:
170:
2584:
1994:
1535:
1441:
853:
401:
343:
300:
264:
222:
165:
146:
109:
2675:
2333:
1851:
1641:
1625:
1197:
707:
493:
477:
162:
124:
322:
As work on the Microwave Early Warning system began, researchers at the
268:
116:
20:
181:
and missiles would have no measurable effect on the eventual outcome.
2693:
who lost no time in obliterating the site immediately after closure.
135:
365:
304:
185:
2926:
Modern aerial photographs of 'retained' Chain Home and ROTOR sites
271:
systems, while the rest were taken from the existing selection of
2906:
2700:
July 2019; Kent Underground Exploration are starting talks with
112:
364:
or local authority wartime headquarters. Until the end of the
2701:
249:
218:
189:
128:
101:
259:
It was known that the Soviets had made exact copies of the
93:
Entrance bungalow to former ROTOR station at Kelvedon Hatch
2814:"West Myne Rotor Radar Station – Subterranea Britannica"
314:
in several phases, called ROTOR 1, ROTOR 2 and ROTOR 3.
204:
A similar expedient system in the United States was the
2884:, Cocroft, Thomas and Barnwell, English Heritage 2003,
2746:
2744:
2912:
The Rotor Radar System, explanations & photographs
2828:"Bawburgh Rotor SOC and RGHQ – Subterranea Britannica"
360:
A few of the ROTOR and AAOR stations were re-used for
2731:
2729:
1510:
Locations of former ROTOR sites in the United Kingdom
2882:
Cold War: Building for Nuclear Confrontation 1946-89
2741:
2768:
2756:
2726:
2714:
19:For the American science fiction action film, see
108:in the early 1950s to counter possible attack by
2932:
2689:and its creation was strenuously opposed by the
294:Additionally, ROTOR re-arranged the existing
256:'s mission was the defense of Great Britain.
2951:United Kingdom nuclear command and control
75:Learn how and when to remove this message
1308:
804:
758:
88:
38:This article includes a list of general
544:
454:
310:The work was mainly carried out by the
150:Master Radar Stations that filled both
2933:
2865:
2750:
904:
790:
424:
312:Marconi Wireless and Telegraph Company
138:frequency radar to replace Chain Home
16:1950s British air defence radar system
2941:Military radars of the United Kingdom
2870:. Royal Air Force Historical Society.
2844:
2774:
2762:
2735:
2720:
1406:
1118:
1074:
934:
574:
252:. That month, a new directive stated
211:
1450:
1434:
1378:
1276:
1262:
1248:
1162:
1004:
976:
962:
846:
630:
616:
394:
24:
2851:. Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
1478:
1190:
1148:
890:
818:
700:
486:
470:
374:National Air Traffic Control Centre
13:
2907:R3 Anstruther bunker, now a museum
2875:
2663:
1392:
1336:
990:
920:
774:
644:
410:
44:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2967:
2895:
1464:
1350:
1134:
1060:
862:
832:
686:
588:
221:systems through this period, the
2946:Equipment of the Royal Air Force
1491:
1477:
1463:
1449:
1433:
1419:
1405:
1391:
1377:
1363:
1349:
1335:
1322:
1321:
1307:
1294:
1293:
1275:
1261:
1247:
1234:
1233:
1219:
1206:
1205:
1189:
1175:
1161:
1147:
1133:
1117:
1104:
1103:
1089:
1073:
1059:
1046:
1045:
1031:
1018:
1017:
1003:
989:
975:
961:
948:
947:
933:
919:
903:
889:
875:
861:
845:
831:
817:
803:
789:
773:
757:
743:
730:
729:
715:
699:
685:
671:
657:
643:
629:
615:
602:
601:
587:
573:
559:
543:
529:
515:
501:
485:
469:
453:
440:
439:
423:
409:
393:
386:
29:
1420:
672:
658:
560:
2820:
2806:
2780:
1364:
1220:
1176:
1032:
876:
744:
516:
281:Ground-controlled interception
238:
156:ground controlled interception
1:
2707:
716:
530:
317:
139:
100:was an elaborate air defence
2657:Radar Research Establishment
1492:
362:Regional Seats of Government
326:were experimenting with new
7:
2063:R4 SOC Metropolitan Sector
1090:
502:
379:
10:
2972:
2956:Air defence radar networks
2838:
145:. The experimental system
18:
1576:R4 SOC Caledonian Sector
324:Royal Radar Establishment
134:Work also began on a new
2868:Defending Northern Skies
372:) or transferred to the
340:moving target indication
2344:R4 SOC Northern Sector
355:surface-to-air missiles
285:Microwave Early Warning
59:more precise citations.
2921:Subterranea Britannica
2902:The ROTOR radar system
1590:R4 SOC Eastern Sector
94:
351:Master Radar Stations
92:
2845:Gough, Jack (1993).
2687:Exmoor National Park
2551:R1 CEW Type 80 CHEL
1666:SOC Southern Sector
1507:class=notpageimage|
277:Chain Home Extra Low
206:Lashup Radar Network
179:interceptor aircraft
104:system built by the
2118:SOC Western Sector
296:RAF Fighter Command
254:RAF Fighter Command
195:air traffic control
2788:"RAF Staxton Wold"
2579:CH R1 CEW Type 80
2509:R6 GCI(B) Type 80
2005:R3 GCI(B) Type 80
261:B-29 Superfortress
250:Soviet atomic bomb
212:Post-war situation
106:British Government
95:
2794:. Royal Air Force
2653:
2652:
332:crystal detectors
328:cavity magnetrons
199:Linesman/Mediator
175:ballistic missile
85:
84:
77:
2963:
2917:Page about ROTOR
2871:
2862:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2739:
2733:
2724:
2718:
2669:RAF Staxton Wold
2461:Stoke Holy Cross
2273:R10 CEW Type 80
1954:Hayscastle Cross
1862:R10 CEW Type 80
1546:R10 CEW Type 80
1518:
1517:
1495:
1494:
1481:
1480:
1467:
1466:
1453:
1452:
1437:
1436:
1423:
1422:
1409:
1408:
1395:
1394:
1381:
1380:
1367:
1366:
1353:
1352:
1339:
1338:
1325:
1324:
1315:Stoke Holy Cross
1311:
1310:
1297:
1296:
1279:
1278:
1265:
1264:
1251:
1250:
1237:
1236:
1223:
1222:
1209:
1208:
1193:
1192:
1179:
1178:
1165:
1164:
1151:
1150:
1137:
1136:
1121:
1120:
1107:
1106:
1093:
1092:
1077:
1076:
1063:
1062:
1049:
1048:
1035:
1034:
1021:
1020:
1007:
1006:
993:
992:
979:
978:
965:
964:
951:
950:
937:
936:
923:
922:
907:
906:
893:
892:
879:
878:
865:
864:
849:
848:
835:
834:
821:
820:
811:Hayscastle Cross
807:
806:
793:
792:
777:
776:
766:RAF Goldsborough
761:
760:
747:
746:
733:
732:
719:
718:
703:
702:
689:
688:
675:
674:
661:
660:
647:
646:
633:
632:
619:
618:
605:
604:
591:
590:
577:
576:
563:
562:
547:
546:
533:
532:
519:
518:
505:
504:
489:
488:
473:
472:
457:
456:
443:
442:
427:
426:
413:
412:
397:
396:
390:
279:and the various
217:improvements in
144:
141:
80:
73:
69:
66:
60:
55:this article by
46:inline citations
33:
32:
25:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2931:
2930:
2898:
2878:
2876:Further reading
2859:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2797:
2795:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2749:
2742:
2734:
2727:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2666:
2664:The sites today
2595:R3 GCI Type 80
2428:R6 GCI Type 80
2386:R3 GCI Type 80
2315:R3 GCI Type 80
2287:R8 GCI Type 80
2257:R3 GCI Type 80
2104:R6 GCI Type 80
2090:R8 GCI Type 80
1903:R8 GCI Type 80
1680:R3 GCI Type 80
1652:R3 GCI Type 80
1620:R1 CEW Type 80
1524:Site Designator
1515:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1000:
999:
998:
994:
986:
985:
984:
980:
972:
971:
970:
966:
958:
957:
956:
952:
944:
943:
942:
938:
930:
929:
928:
924:
916:
915:
914:
908:
900:
899:
898:
894:
886:
885:
884:
880:
872:
871:
870:
866:
858:
857:
856:
850:
842:
841:
840:
836:
828:
827:
826:
822:
814:
813:
812:
808:
800:
799:
798:
794:
786:
785:
784:
778:
770:
769:
768:
762:
754:
753:
752:
748:
740:
739:
738:
734:
726:
725:
724:
720:
712:
711:
710:
704:
696:
695:
694:
690:
682:
681:
680:
676:
668:
667:
666:
662:
654:
653:
652:
648:
640:
639:
638:
634:
626:
625:
624:
620:
612:
611:
610:
606:
598:
597:
596:
592:
584:
583:
582:
578:
570:
569:
568:
564:
556:
555:
554:
552:RAF Charmy Down
548:
540:
539:
538:
534:
526:
525:
524:
520:
512:
511:
510:
506:
498:
497:
496:
490:
482:
481:
480:
474:
466:
465:
464:
462:RAF Beachy Head
458:
450:
449:
448:
444:
436:
435:
434:
428:
420:
419:
418:
414:
406:
405:
404:
398:
382:
320:
245:Berlin Blockade
241:
214:
142:
119:radars for the
81:
70:
64:
61:
51:Please help to
50:
34:
30:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2969:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2897:
2896:External links
2894:
2893:
2892:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2863:
2857:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2819:
2805:
2779:
2767:
2755:
2753:, p. 104.
2740:
2725:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2691:National Trust
2665:
2662:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2248:Sandwich (Ash)
2245:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2053:Kelvedon Hatch
2049:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1940:Hartland Point
1937:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1566:Barnton Quarry
1562:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:Grid Reference
1525:
1522:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1291:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1002:
1001:
996:
995:
988:
987:
982:
981:
974:
973:
968:
967:
960:
959:
954:
953:
946:
945:
940:
939:
932:
931:
926:
925:
918:
917:
912:Kelvedon Hatch
910:
909:
902:
901:
896:
895:
888:
887:
882:
881:
874:
873:
868:
867:
860:
859:
852:
851:
844:
843:
838:
837:
830:
829:
824:
823:
816:
815:
810:
809:
802:
801:
797:Hartland Point
796:
795:
788:
787:
780:
779:
772:
771:
764:
763:
756:
755:
750:
749:
742:
741:
736:
735:
728:
727:
722:
721:
714:
713:
706:
705:
698:
697:
692:
691:
684:
683:
678:
677:
670:
669:
664:
663:
656:
655:
650:
649:
642:
641:
636:
635:
628:
627:
622:
621:
614:
613:
608:
607:
600:
599:
594:
593:
586:
585:
580:
579:
572:
571:
566:
565:
558:
557:
550:
549:
542:
541:
536:
535:
528:
527:
522:
521:
514:
513:
508:
507:
500:
499:
492:
491:
484:
483:
476:
475:
468:
467:
460:
459:
452:
451:
446:
445:
438:
437:
432:Barnton Quarry
430:
429:
422:
421:
416:
415:
408:
407:
400:
399:
392:
391:
385:
384:
383:
381:
378:
319:
316:
273:Chain Home Low
240:
237:
232:Dowding system
213:
210:
123:role, and the
83:
82:
37:
35:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2968:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2858:9780117727236
2854:
2850:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2829:
2823:
2815:
2809:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2777:, p. 48.
2776:
2771:
2765:, p. 44.
2764:
2759:
2752:
2747:
2745:
2738:, p. 51.
2737:
2732:
2730:
2723:, p. 42.
2722:
2717:
2713:
2705:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2661:
2658:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2556:Truleigh Hill
2555:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2082:Killard Point
2081:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1729:Cold Hesledon
1728:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1530:Site Purpose
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1508:
1443:
1413:Truleigh Hill
1287:
1199:
1127:
1126:RAF Saxa Vord
1083:
1082:RAF Ringstead
941:Killard Point
913:
855:
783:
767:
709:
581:Cold Hesledon
553:
495:
479:
463:
433:
403:
389:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
336:
333:
329:
325:
315:
313:
308:
306:
302:
297:
292:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
246:
236:
233:
227:
224:
220:
209:
207:
202:
200:
196:
191:
187:
182:
180:
176:
172:
171:hydrogen bomb
167:
164:
159:
157:
153:
152:early warning
148:
137:
132:
130:
126:
122:
121:early warning
118:
114:
111:
107:
103:
99:
91:
87:
79:
76:
68:
65:February 2013
58:
54:
48:
47:
41:
36:
27:
26:
22:
2881:
2867:
2847:
2822:
2808:
2796:. Retrieved
2791:
2782:
2770:
2758:
2716:
2699:
2695:
2683:
2680:
2674:
2667:
2654:
2600:West Beckham
2528:Trewan Sands
2434:Staxton Wold
2419:St Twynnells
2405:St Margarets
2306:Seaton Snook
2151:Netherbutton
2123:Murlough Bay
2109:Longley Lane
1909:Goldsborough
1784:Douglas Wood
1771:Danby Beacon
1738:R1 CEW/CHEL
1514:
1457:West Beckham
1442:RAF Wartling
1385:Trewan Sands
1269:St Twynnells
1255:St Margarets
1169:Seaton Snook
1011:Netherbutton
983:Murlough Bay
969:Longley Lane
854:RAF Holmpton
637:Douglas Wood
623:Danby Beacon
402:RAF Aird Uig
359:
350:
348:
344:AMES Type 80
337:
321:
309:
301:British Army
293:
289:
265:Tupolev Tu-4
258:
242:
228:
223:Air Ministry
215:
203:
183:
166:radar jammer
160:
147:Green Garlic
133:
97:
96:
86:
71:
62:
43:
2798:28 February
2751:Morris 1996
2676:RAF Boulmer
2627:West Prawle
2292:School Hill
2038:Inverbervie
2033:R2 CHEL(B)
1968:High Street
1963:CH Type 80
1919:R2 CHEL(A)
1852:Faraid Head
1846:R2 CHEL(A)
1832:CH Type 80
1700:Charmy Down
1610:Beachy Head
1560:R3 Type 80
1485:West Prawle
1198:RAF Shipton
1155:School Hill
897:Inverbervie
825:High Street
708:Faraid Head
494:RAF Boulmer
478:RAF Bempton
239:New urgency
197:led to the
163:carcinotron
143: 1957
125:AMES Type 7
57:introducing
2935:Categories
2890:1873592817
2775:Gough 1993
2763:Gough 1993
2736:Gough 1993
2721:Gough 1993
2708:References
2542:Trimingham
2487:Trelanvean
2137:Neatishead
2068:Kilchiaran
1925:Hack Green
1797:Drone Hill
1604:R3 GCI(E)
1551:Anstruther
1399:Trimingham
1343:Trelanvean
997:Neatishead
927:Kilchiaran
782:Hack Green
651:Drone Hill
417:Anstruther
370:Hack Green
318:Post-ROTOR
269:Chain Home
117:Chain Home
40:references
21:R.O.T.O.R.
2646:ND 326537
2632:SX 771374
2622:R11 CHEL
2619:SS 928486
2613:West Myne
2605:TG 142389
2592:TQ 662088
2576:SZ 565784
2562:TQ 224109
2548:TG 290385
2534:SH 322754
2520:SW 812585
2506:SW 766174
2500:Treleaver
2492:SW 762193
2479:TR 335429
2466:TG 257028
2453:TF 256827
2440:TA 023778
2425:SR 944976
2411:TR 370451
2397:SD 348303
2383:SZ 163977
2372:R11 CHEL
2369:SC 397869
2355:TF 438709
2349:Skendleby
2341:SE 542618
2325:SW 376246
2312:NZ 519280
2298:NO 908982
2284:NM 032456
2278:Scarinish
2270:HP 629165
2263:Saxa Vord
2254:TR 303574
2240:TQ 968232
2227:SY 751817
2220:Ringstead
2214:R11 CHEL
2211:SJ 079819
2205:Prestatyn
2197:SY 696735
2183:TQ 043052
2170:TQ 644073
2157:HY 464045
2143:TG 346184
2132:R11 CHEL
2129:ID 213407
2115:SD 541365
2101:TF 155129
2087:IJ 605435
2077:R11 CHEL
2074:NR 207616
2060:TQ 561995
2044:NO 841734
2030:TM 540990
2016:SX 716374
2010:Hope Cove
2002:TA 367225
1986:NJ 947616
1981:Hill Head
1973:TM 411720
1960:SM 920256
1946:SS 237277
1932:SJ 647483
1916:NZ 830138
1900:NS 327361
1886:TR 385710
1872:SM 858195
1859:NC 389714
1843:TQ 862113
1837:Fairlight
1829:TR 076595
1815:SW 732218
1802:NT 845665
1789:NO 488415
1776:NZ 732097
1763:NT 880680
1749:SO 968461
1743:Comberton
1735:NZ 417468
1721:TQ 015997
1707:ST 768702
1691:NY 144545
1677:NK 113408
1663:ST 850690
1649:NU 240125
1633:TA 192736
1617:TV 590959
1601:TM 347388
1587:TG 165080
1573:NT 203748
1557:NO 568088
1543:NB 047390
1521:Site Name
1471:West Myne
1357:Treleaver
1141:Scarinish
1067:Prestatyn
869:Hope Cove
839:Hill Head
693:Fairlight
595:Comberton
136:microwave
131:network.
2585:Wartling
2565:R2 CHEL
2474:Swingate
2448:Stenigot
2391:St Annes
2363:Snaefell
2191:Portland
2165:Pevensey
2095:Langtoft
1995:Holmpton
1889:R2 CHEL
1880:Foreness
1766:R2 CHEL
1757:Crosslaw
1581:Bawburgh
1536:Aird Uig
1329:Swingate
1301:Stenigot
1241:St Annes
1213:Snaefell
1111:Sandwich
1053:Portland
1025:Pevensey
955:Langtoft
737:Foreness
609:Crosslaw
447:Bawburgh
380:UK sites
366:Cold War
305:concrete
186:V-bomber
2839:Sources
2655:At the
2649:R8 GCI
2570:Ventnor
2537:R8 GCI
2414:R1 CEW
2400:R8 GCI
2358:R3 GCI
2334:Shipton
2200:R1 CEW
2146:R3 GCI
2047:R1 CEW
2019:R6 GCI
1949:R8 GCI
1935:R6 GCI
1823:Dunkirk
1810:Drytree
1752:R8 GCI
1724:R8 GCI
1715:Chenies
1710:R8 GCI
1694:R8 GCI
1642:Boulmer
1636:R1 CEW
1626:Bempton
1595:Bawdsey
1427:Ventnor
1284:Staxton
679:Dunkirk
665:Drytree
567:Chenies
263:as the
113:bombers
53:improve
2888:
2855:
2660:2020.
2514:Trerew
2377:Sopley
2320:Sennen
2178:Poling
2024:Hopton
1894:Gailes
1671:Buchan
1371:Trerew
1227:Sopley
1183:Sennen
1039:Poling
883:Hopton
751:Gailes
523:Buchan
110:Soviet
42:, but
1867:Folly
1685:Calvo
723:Folly
537:Calvo
219:radar
190:BMEWS
129:telex
102:radar
98:ROTOR
2886:ISBN
2853:ISBN
2800:2016
2640:Wick
1499:Wick
1286:Wold
330:and
243:The
173:and
154:and
2919:at
2792:RAF
2702:TDC
2643:IKA
2635:CH
2616:ZEM
2608:CH
2589:ZUN
2573:OJC
2559:SNG
2545:QLE
2531:TES
2523:CH
2517:RTW
2503:TEL
2495:CH
2482:CH
2469:CH
2456:CH
2443:CH
2422:TWY
2408:AGC
2394:SAN
2380:AVO
2366:MOI
2352:UPI
2338:KFY
2328:CH
2309:DYR
2301:CH
2295:HSL
2281:FLY
2267:AXA
2251:YTM
2243:CH
2235:Rye
2230:CH
2224:SRD
2208:SYP
2194:NIB
2186:CH
2173:CH
2160:CH
2154:BNT
2140:BWP
2126:URB
2112:LOA
2098:LAT
2071:ECK
2057:XSL
2041:LGZ
2027:TOH
2013:HOP
1999:VQJ
1989:CH
1976:CH
1957:CHX
1943:HAT
1929:HAK
1913:JEX
1897:FUL
1883:WJW
1875:CH
1856:RAI
1840:GWB
1826:TDE
1818:CH
1805:CH
1792:CH
1779:CH
1760:HCV
1746:COB
1732:IDW
1718:HAM
1704:CHA
1688:CAL
1674:GBU
1660:XOB
1657:Box
1646:EZS
1630:RMF
1614:HEB
1598:PKD
1584:WRK
1570:MHA
1554:FAT
1540:WIU
1097:Rye
509:Box
2937::
2790:.
2743:^
2728:^
376:.
275:,
208:.
140:c.
2861:.
2830:.
2816:.
2802:.
78:)
72:(
67:)
63:(
49:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.