Knowledge

ROTOR

Source 📝

235:
Estimating that such a radar would be available around 1957, the report suggested that existing GCI stations should receive upgraded antennas with more accuracy, new electronics for better performance, upgrades to their display systems, four Type 13's for height measuring, and two Type 14 units for anti-jamming use. Additionally, their information would be sent to six new command centres, who would produce much larger maps of the airspace, up to 1,000 miles (1,600 km) across. Additionally, all of the sites would be upgraded with hardened bunkers to allow them to survive a near miss.
90: 388: 31: 1309: 805: 759: 545: 455: 905: 791: 425: 1407: 1119: 1075: 935: 575: 1451: 1435: 1379: 1277: 1263: 1249: 1163: 1005: 977: 963: 847: 631: 617: 395: 1479: 1191: 1149: 891: 819: 701: 487: 471: 1393: 1337: 991: 921: 775: 645: 411: 1465: 1351: 1135: 1061: 863: 833: 687: 589: 1323: 1295: 1235: 1207: 1105: 1047: 1019: 949: 731: 603: 441: 1421: 673: 659: 561: 1365: 1221: 1177: 1033: 877: 745: 517: 717: 531: 1493: 1091: 503: 346:, began in 1954 with the first systems declared operational the next year. As installations continued, it was found that the accuracy was such that it could also be used to direct the interceptors, with no need to forward the information to the ROTOR control centres. By concentrating all of the plotting at a single site the total number of operators was greatly reduced. 291:
those on the western side of the UK were generally semi-sunken hardened structures ('R6') or above ground 'Secco' type huts (Hartland Point etc.). The R-series bunkers themselves were otherwise similar, featuring 10-foot-thick (3.0 m) concrete walls with all equipment, operations generators and air conditioning located inside.
2696:
Many of the buildings have been re-purposed since being active as ROTOR sites. An example is the Bawburgh R4 SOC which was re-purposed as SRHQ4.1 and then RGHQ4.1 to suit the evolving needs of government. The building is intact, but it has been significantly reconfigured since its use as a ROTOR SOC,
247:
of July 1948 led to concerns about the next war's estimated time-frame. A White Paper on the state of the network was completed in March 1949. This found that the stations were in a terrible state, with many of them suffering weather damage and a number of them having been broken into and vandalized.
234:
so rapidly that they would fly off the maps before the interception could be arranged. The report suggested that a radar with 250 miles (400 km) range would be needed to replace the existing AMES Type 7/GCI systems, which were limited to about 90 miles (140 km) against bomber-sized targets.
149:
was so successful that it began replacing Chain Home starting in 1954. In service, these proved so accurate that they could replace the Type 7 radars as well, and their greatly improved range meant that fewer radars would be needed to provide coverage over the entire United Kingdom. This led to the
290:
All of the radars were to be improved in terms of siting, with the addition of hardened control bunkers to protect the operators from a conventional attack. On the east coast, where a Soviet attack would be most likely, the bunkers were underground in the 'R' series (R1, R2, R3 and R4 etc.), while
216:
As the threat of German air attack became ever more remote, UK radar operations were wound down late in the war, and by the time the war ended were already largely unused. When the war ended, there was a general feeling that another war was at least ten years in the future. Given the rapid ongoing
2659:
in Malvern, Worcestershire a ROTOR bunker was constructed above ground to allow equipment to be tested in an operational environment. The building, locally designated as H Building, originally incorporated a replica of the sector operations centre at RAF Bawburgh. The building was demolished June
334:
that, combined with a ad hoc antenna, increased the range of their existing microwave radars on the order of four times. While the resulting "Green Garlic" did not meet all of the requirements for the original MEW, it was close enough and would be available years earlier.
192:
radars free from interference and prevent a successful sneak attack by missiles. Such a system did not require a large number of radars nor country-wide coverage. To reduce the cost of this much smaller network, studies on integrating the military radars with civilian
267:, and these aircraft had the performance needed to reach the UK with a nuclear payload. These were fast, but not fast enough to escape the existing radars if they were upgraded as the Cherry Report suggested. Most of the new network would be made up of 28 rebuilt 229:
To consider the issue in more depth, the Cherry Report was commissioned in 1945. This report noted that the increasing speeds of new bombers, and especially future designs that were jet-powered, would travel across the plotting boards of the existing
298:
structure into six "Sector Operational Commands" (SOC) with their own command bunkers (three level 'R4' protected accommodation). Only four of these were built. Additional "Anti-Aircraft Operations Rooms" were built to coordinate the
2671:
is the only Chain Home site still used as a military radar site but with no remains of the CH station on site after being rebuilt for Linesman/Mediator in 1964. Today it is the former home of an RAF TPS 77 RRH (remote radar head).
248:
A complete defense would also require 1152 fighters and 265 AA regiments, of which only 352 fighters and 75 regiments were actually available. All of this was given extreme urgency with the 29 August 1949 test of the first
225:
felt there was no point introducing new radars that would likely become obsolete in a few years. They planned to allow radar to continue developing through this period and use the existing WWII-era systems in the meantime.
168:
in the mid-1950s was a serious blow to these plans; a single aircraft carrying a carcinotron could jam the ROTOR radars so completely that they were rendered useless. At the same time, the introduction of the
2684:
For example, West Myne in Somerset was the last ROTOR 3 CHEL site. It was completed in 1957 after the introduction of the Type 80 radar and after many ROTOR stations had already closed. The site was within
2678:
is a working RAF building, which is housed in an ex-"ROTOR" R3 RAF Boulmer ('EZS') GCI R3 ROTOR Radar Station & Control and Reporting Centre in the UK Air Surveillance and Control System.
177:
greatly changed the nature of the strategic threat, and the idea of whole-country defence became untenable. The only way to defend against missile attacks was deterrence, and if that failed,
158:
roles. The original ROTOR plans for 66 radars was repeatedly reduced, ultimately only requiring half that number of stations. Many of the operations rooms, recently completed, were sold.
2690: 342:
while the Green Garlic would be mated to an enormous antenna that would give it range over 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi). Installations, under the name
127:
for plotting and interception control. Data from these stations was sent to a network of control stations, mostly built underground, using an extensive telephone and
276: 2950: 283:(GCI) radars. This was, in part, a stop-gap measure anticipating the availability of the dramatically improved radar, which was now known as the 161:
ROTOR called for the continual upgrading of the network over time, both the radars and the command and control systems. The introduction of the
2940: 357:
rendered the anti-aircraft guns obsolete, and the Army handed the air defence mission entirely to the RAF. All of the AAOR sites were closed.
303:'s AA defences in the same overall system. The entire network of bunkers, radars, fighter control and command centres used up 350,000 tons of 2945: 2787: 353:(MRS), while the rest were made redundant, some only two years after opening. During the same period, the introduction of the first 188:
force, the "1958 Plan". This role was eventually abandoned, leaving only the task of locating aircraft carrying jammers to keep the
1506: 387: 368:, many of the sites were retained by the government. They were later sold to private buyers, converted into museums (for example 287:, which was expected in the 1957 time-frame. Interception guidance would still be handled by existing systems in either case. 115:. To get it operational as quickly as possible, it was initially made up primarily of WWII-era systems, notably the original 2866:
Morris, Alec (1996). "UK Control & Reporting System from the End of WWII to ROTOR and Beyond". In Hunter, Sandy (ed.).
2052: 911: 2955: 2901: 2856: 74: 52: 45: 1924: 781: 369: 2889: 280: 201:
system of only five primary stations. The original ROTOR was replaced by Linesman in stages, starting in 1967.
155: 373: 2920: 2656: 361: 349:
As a result of the introduction of the Type 80, many of the existing ROTOR sites were rationalized into
2697:
notably with the addition of an extra floor and the flooring-over of the original R4 operations well.
2704:
hoping to be given access to find and uncover the Foreness, Kent station which grid ref is TR 385710
323: 339: 39: 284: 354: 338:
The decision was made to make the MEW a long-term development with additional features such as
56: 2813: 89: 2686: 205: 178: 8: 295: 253: 194: 151: 120: 2911: 2848:
Watching the Skies: The History of Ground Radar in the Air Defense of the United Kingdom
260: 184:
ROTOR was initially to be replaced by a new network dedicated largely to defending the
105: 2885: 2852: 198: 174: 2668: 2433: 1908: 1283: 765: 331: 327: 2827: 307:, 20,000 tons of steel and thousands of miles of telephone and telex connections. 2846: 1699: 1609: 551: 461: 311: 244: 2925: 2916: 2681:
In terms of current condition, the ROTOR sites vary from demolished to intact.
1565: 431: 272: 231: 2934: 2262: 2219: 1125: 1081: 170: 2584: 1994: 1535: 1441: 853: 401: 343: 300: 264: 222: 165: 146: 109: 2675: 2333: 1851: 1641: 1625: 1197: 707: 493: 477: 162: 124: 322:
As work on the Microwave Early Warning system began, researchers at the
268: 116: 20: 181:
and missiles would have no measurable effect on the eventual outcome.
2693:
who lost no time in obliterating the site immediately after closure.
135: 365: 304: 185: 2926:
Modern aerial photographs of 'retained' Chain Home and ROTOR sites
271:
systems, while the rest were taken from the existing selection of
2906: 2700:
July 2019; Kent Underground Exploration are starting talks with
112: 364:
or local authority wartime headquarters. Until the end of the
2701: 249: 218: 189: 128: 101: 259:
It was known that the Soviets had made exact copies of the
93:
Entrance bungalow to former ROTOR station at Kelvedon Hatch
2814:"West Myne Rotor Radar Station – Subterranea Britannica" 314:
in several phases, called ROTOR 1, ROTOR 2 and ROTOR 3.
204:
A similar expedient system in the United States was the
2884:, Cocroft, Thomas and Barnwell, English Heritage 2003, 2746: 2744: 2912:
The Rotor Radar System, explanations & photographs
2828:"Bawburgh Rotor SOC and RGHQ – Subterranea Britannica" 360:
A few of the ROTOR and AAOR stations were re-used for
2731: 2729: 1510:
Locations of former ROTOR sites in the United Kingdom
2882:
Cold War: Building for Nuclear Confrontation 1946-89
2741: 2768: 2756: 2726: 2714: 19:For the American science fiction action film, see 108:in the early 1950s to counter possible attack by 2932: 2689:and its creation was strenuously opposed by the 294:Additionally, ROTOR re-arranged the existing 256:'s mission was the defense of Great Britain. 2951:United Kingdom nuclear command and control 75:Learn how and when to remove this message 1308: 804: 758: 88: 38:This article includes a list of general 544: 454: 310:The work was mainly carried out by the 150:Master Radar Stations that filled both 2933: 2865: 2750: 904: 790: 424: 312:Marconi Wireless and Telegraph Company 138:frequency radar to replace Chain Home 16:1950s British air defence radar system 2941:Military radars of the United Kingdom 2870:. Royal Air Force Historical Society. 2844: 2774: 2762: 2735: 2720: 1406: 1118: 1074: 934: 574: 252:. That month, a new directive stated 211: 1450: 1434: 1378: 1276: 1262: 1248: 1162: 1004: 976: 962: 846: 630: 616: 394: 24: 2851:. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1478: 1190: 1148: 890: 818: 700: 486: 470: 374:National Air Traffic Control Centre 13: 2907:R3 Anstruther bunker, now a museum 2875: 2663: 1392: 1336: 990: 920: 774: 644: 410: 44:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 2967: 2895: 1464: 1350: 1134: 1060: 862: 832: 686: 588: 221:systems through this period, the 2946:Equipment of the Royal Air Force 1491: 1477: 1463: 1449: 1433: 1419: 1405: 1391: 1377: 1363: 1349: 1335: 1322: 1321: 1307: 1294: 1293: 1275: 1261: 1247: 1234: 1233: 1219: 1206: 1205: 1189: 1175: 1161: 1147: 1133: 1117: 1104: 1103: 1089: 1073: 1059: 1046: 1045: 1031: 1018: 1017: 1003: 989: 975: 961: 948: 947: 933: 919: 903: 889: 875: 861: 845: 831: 817: 803: 789: 773: 757: 743: 730: 729: 715: 699: 685: 671: 657: 643: 629: 615: 602: 601: 587: 573: 559: 543: 529: 515: 501: 485: 469: 453: 440: 439: 423: 409: 393: 386: 29: 1420: 672: 658: 560: 2820: 2806: 2780: 1364: 1220: 1176: 1032: 876: 744: 516: 281:Ground-controlled interception 238: 156:ground controlled interception 1: 2707: 716: 530: 317: 139: 100:was an elaborate air defence 2657:Radar Research Establishment 1492: 362:Regional Seats of Government 326:were experimenting with new 7: 2063:R4 SOC Metropolitan Sector 1090: 502: 379: 10: 2972: 2956:Air defence radar networks 2838: 145:. The experimental system 18: 1576:R4 SOC Caledonian Sector 324:Royal Radar Establishment 134:Work also began on a new 2868:Defending Northern Skies 372:) or transferred to the 340:moving target indication 2344:R4 SOC Northern Sector 355:surface-to-air missiles 285:Microwave Early Warning 59:more precise citations. 2921:Subterranea Britannica 2902:The ROTOR radar system 1590:R4 SOC Eastern Sector 94: 351:Master Radar Stations 92: 2845:Gough, Jack (1993). 2687:Exmoor National Park 2551:R1 CEW Type 80 CHEL 1666:SOC Southern Sector 1507:class=notpageimage| 277:Chain Home Extra Low 206:Lashup Radar Network 179:interceptor aircraft 104:system built by the 2118:SOC Western Sector 296:RAF Fighter Command 254:RAF Fighter Command 195:air traffic control 2788:"RAF Staxton Wold" 2579:CH R1 CEW Type 80 2509:R6 GCI(B) Type 80 2005:R3 GCI(B) Type 80 261:B-29 Superfortress 250:Soviet atomic bomb 212:Post-war situation 106:British Government 95: 2794:. Royal Air Force 2653: 2652: 332:crystal detectors 328:cavity magnetrons 199:Linesman/Mediator 175:ballistic missile 85: 84: 77: 2963: 2917:Page about ROTOR 2871: 2862: 2832: 2831: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2739: 2733: 2724: 2718: 2669:RAF Staxton Wold 2461:Stoke Holy Cross 2273:R10 CEW Type 80 1954:Hayscastle Cross 1862:R10 CEW Type 80 1546:R10 CEW Type 80 1518: 1517: 1495: 1494: 1481: 1480: 1467: 1466: 1453: 1452: 1437: 1436: 1423: 1422: 1409: 1408: 1395: 1394: 1381: 1380: 1367: 1366: 1353: 1352: 1339: 1338: 1325: 1324: 1315:Stoke Holy Cross 1311: 1310: 1297: 1296: 1279: 1278: 1265: 1264: 1251: 1250: 1237: 1236: 1223: 1222: 1209: 1208: 1193: 1192: 1179: 1178: 1165: 1164: 1151: 1150: 1137: 1136: 1121: 1120: 1107: 1106: 1093: 1092: 1077: 1076: 1063: 1062: 1049: 1048: 1035: 1034: 1021: 1020: 1007: 1006: 993: 992: 979: 978: 965: 964: 951: 950: 937: 936: 923: 922: 907: 906: 893: 892: 879: 878: 865: 864: 849: 848: 835: 834: 821: 820: 811:Hayscastle Cross 807: 806: 793: 792: 777: 776: 766:RAF Goldsborough 761: 760: 747: 746: 733: 732: 719: 718: 703: 702: 689: 688: 675: 674: 661: 660: 647: 646: 633: 632: 619: 618: 605: 604: 591: 590: 577: 576: 563: 562: 547: 546: 533: 532: 519: 518: 505: 504: 489: 488: 473: 472: 457: 456: 443: 442: 427: 426: 413: 412: 397: 396: 390: 279:and the various 217:improvements in 144: 141: 80: 73: 69: 66: 60: 55:this article by 46:inline citations 33: 32: 25: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2961: 2960: 2931: 2930: 2898: 2878: 2876:Further reading 2859: 2841: 2836: 2835: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2797: 2795: 2786: 2785: 2781: 2773: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2749: 2742: 2734: 2727: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2666: 2664:The sites today 2595:R3 GCI Type 80 2428:R6 GCI Type 80 2386:R3 GCI Type 80 2315:R3 GCI Type 80 2287:R8 GCI Type 80 2257:R3 GCI Type 80 2104:R6 GCI Type 80 2090:R8 GCI Type 80 1903:R8 GCI Type 80 1680:R3 GCI Type 80 1652:R3 GCI Type 80 1620:R1 CEW Type 80 1524:Site Designator 1515: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1509: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1496: 1488: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1468: 1460: 1459: 1458: 1454: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1438: 1430: 1429: 1428: 1424: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1410: 1402: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1388: 1387: 1386: 1382: 1374: 1373: 1372: 1368: 1360: 1359: 1358: 1354: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1340: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1326: 1318: 1317: 1316: 1312: 1304: 1303: 1302: 1298: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1285: 1280: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1266: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1252: 1244: 1243: 1242: 1238: 1230: 1229: 1228: 1224: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1202: 1201: 1200: 1194: 1186: 1185: 1184: 1180: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1166: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1152: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1138: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1122: 1114: 1113: 1112: 1108: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1094: 1086: 1085: 1084: 1078: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1064: 1056: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1036: 1028: 1027: 1026: 1022: 1014: 1013: 1012: 1008: 1000: 999: 998: 994: 986: 985: 984: 980: 972: 971: 970: 966: 958: 957: 956: 952: 944: 943: 942: 938: 930: 929: 928: 924: 916: 915: 914: 908: 900: 899: 898: 894: 886: 885: 884: 880: 872: 871: 870: 866: 858: 857: 856: 850: 842: 841: 840: 836: 828: 827: 826: 822: 814: 813: 812: 808: 800: 799: 798: 794: 786: 785: 784: 778: 770: 769: 768: 762: 754: 753: 752: 748: 740: 739: 738: 734: 726: 725: 724: 720: 712: 711: 710: 704: 696: 695: 694: 690: 682: 681: 680: 676: 668: 667: 666: 662: 654: 653: 652: 648: 640: 639: 638: 634: 626: 625: 624: 620: 612: 611: 610: 606: 598: 597: 596: 592: 584: 583: 582: 578: 570: 569: 568: 564: 556: 555: 554: 552:RAF Charmy Down 548: 540: 539: 538: 534: 526: 525: 524: 520: 512: 511: 510: 506: 498: 497: 496: 490: 482: 481: 480: 474: 466: 465: 464: 462:RAF Beachy Head 458: 450: 449: 448: 444: 436: 435: 434: 428: 420: 419: 418: 414: 406: 405: 404: 398: 382: 320: 245:Berlin Blockade 241: 214: 142: 119:radars for the 81: 70: 64: 61: 51:Please help to 50: 34: 30: 23: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2969: 2959: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2929: 2928: 2923: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2897: 2896:External links 2894: 2893: 2892: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2872: 2863: 2857: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2833: 2819: 2805: 2779: 2767: 2755: 2753:, p. 104. 2740: 2725: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2691:National Trust 2665: 2662: 2651: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2637: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2597: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2567: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2553: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2525: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2511: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2471: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2416: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2402: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2388: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2374: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2360: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2346: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2330: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2289: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2275: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2248:Sandwich (Ash) 2245: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2148: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2120: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2092: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2065: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2053:Kelvedon Hatch 2049: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2035: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2021: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2007: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1951: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1940:Hartland Point 1937: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1905: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1834: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1820: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1726: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1712: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1682: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1654: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1606: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1592: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1566:Barnton Quarry 1562: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1527:Grid Reference 1525: 1522: 1505: 1504: 1498: 1497: 1490: 1489: 1484: 1483: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1469: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1455: 1448: 1447: 1440: 1439: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1425: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1411: 1404: 1403: 1398: 1397: 1390: 1389: 1384: 1383: 1376: 1375: 1370: 1369: 1362: 1361: 1356: 1355: 1348: 1347: 1342: 1341: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1327: 1320: 1319: 1314: 1313: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1299: 1292: 1291: 1282: 1281: 1274: 1273: 1268: 1267: 1260: 1259: 1254: 1253: 1246: 1245: 1240: 1239: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1225: 1218: 1217: 1212: 1211: 1204: 1203: 1196: 1195: 1188: 1187: 1182: 1181: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1167: 1160: 1159: 1154: 1153: 1146: 1145: 1140: 1139: 1132: 1131: 1124: 1123: 1116: 1115: 1110: 1109: 1102: 1101: 1096: 1095: 1088: 1087: 1080: 1079: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1065: 1058: 1057: 1052: 1051: 1044: 1043: 1038: 1037: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1023: 1016: 1015: 1010: 1009: 1002: 1001: 996: 995: 988: 987: 982: 981: 974: 973: 968: 967: 960: 959: 954: 953: 946: 945: 940: 939: 932: 931: 926: 925: 918: 917: 912:Kelvedon Hatch 910: 909: 902: 901: 896: 895: 888: 887: 882: 881: 874: 873: 868: 867: 860: 859: 852: 851: 844: 843: 838: 837: 830: 829: 824: 823: 816: 815: 810: 809: 802: 801: 797:Hartland Point 796: 795: 788: 787: 780: 779: 772: 771: 764: 763: 756: 755: 750: 749: 742: 741: 736: 735: 728: 727: 722: 721: 714: 713: 706: 705: 698: 697: 692: 691: 684: 683: 678: 677: 670: 669: 664: 663: 656: 655: 650: 649: 642: 641: 636: 635: 628: 627: 622: 621: 614: 613: 608: 607: 600: 599: 594: 593: 586: 585: 580: 579: 572: 571: 566: 565: 558: 557: 550: 549: 542: 541: 536: 535: 528: 527: 522: 521: 514: 513: 508: 507: 500: 499: 492: 491: 484: 483: 476: 475: 468: 467: 460: 459: 452: 451: 446: 445: 438: 437: 432:Barnton Quarry 430: 429: 422: 421: 416: 415: 408: 407: 400: 399: 392: 391: 385: 384: 383: 381: 378: 319: 316: 273:Chain Home Low 240: 237: 232:Dowding system 213: 210: 123:role, and the 83: 82: 37: 35: 28: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2968: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2938: 2936: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2869: 2864: 2860: 2858:9780117727236 2854: 2850: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2829: 2823: 2815: 2809: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2777:, p. 48. 2776: 2771: 2765:, p. 44. 2764: 2759: 2752: 2747: 2745: 2738:, p. 51. 2737: 2732: 2730: 2723:, p. 42. 2722: 2717: 2713: 2705: 2703: 2698: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2670: 2661: 2658: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2556:Truleigh Hill 2555: 2554: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2512: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2498: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2459: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2403: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2375: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2331: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2233: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2082:Killard Point 2081: 2080: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2036: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2008: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1782: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1729:Cold Hesledon 1728: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1713: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1683: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1669: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1579: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1530:Site Purpose 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1508: 1443: 1413:Truleigh Hill 1287: 1199: 1127: 1126:RAF Saxa Vord 1083: 1082:RAF Ringstead 941:Killard Point 913: 855: 783: 767: 709: 581:Cold Hesledon 553: 495: 479: 463: 433: 403: 389: 377: 375: 371: 367: 363: 358: 356: 352: 347: 345: 341: 336: 333: 329: 325: 315: 313: 308: 306: 302: 297: 292: 288: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 257: 255: 251: 246: 236: 233: 227: 224: 220: 209: 207: 202: 200: 196: 191: 187: 182: 180: 176: 172: 171:hydrogen bomb 167: 164: 159: 157: 153: 152:early warning 148: 137: 132: 130: 126: 122: 121:early warning 118: 114: 111: 107: 103: 99: 91: 87: 79: 76: 68: 65:February 2013 58: 54: 48: 47: 41: 36: 27: 26: 22: 2881: 2867: 2847: 2822: 2808: 2796:. Retrieved 2791: 2782: 2770: 2758: 2716: 2699: 2695: 2683: 2680: 2674: 2667: 2654: 2600:West Beckham 2528:Trewan Sands 2434:Staxton Wold 2419:St Twynnells 2405:St Margarets 2306:Seaton Snook 2151:Netherbutton 2123:Murlough Bay 2109:Longley Lane 1909:Goldsborough 1784:Douglas Wood 1771:Danby Beacon 1738:R1 CEW/CHEL 1514: 1457:West Beckham 1442:RAF Wartling 1385:Trewan Sands 1269:St Twynnells 1255:St Margarets 1169:Seaton Snook 1011:Netherbutton 983:Murlough Bay 969:Longley Lane 854:RAF Holmpton 637:Douglas Wood 623:Danby Beacon 402:RAF Aird Uig 359: 350: 348: 344:AMES Type 80 337: 321: 309: 301:British Army 293: 289: 265:Tupolev Tu-4 258: 242: 228: 223:Air Ministry 215: 203: 183: 166:radar jammer 160: 147:Green Garlic 133: 97: 96: 86: 71: 62: 43: 2798:28 February 2751:Morris 1996 2676:RAF Boulmer 2627:West Prawle 2292:School Hill 2038:Inverbervie 2033:R2 CHEL(B) 1968:High Street 1963:CH Type 80 1919:R2 CHEL(A) 1852:Faraid Head 1846:R2 CHEL(A) 1832:CH Type 80 1700:Charmy Down 1610:Beachy Head 1560:R3 Type 80 1485:West Prawle 1198:RAF Shipton 1155:School Hill 897:Inverbervie 825:High Street 708:Faraid Head 494:RAF Boulmer 478:RAF Bempton 239:New urgency 197:led to the 163:carcinotron 143: 1957 125:AMES Type 7 57:introducing 2935:Categories 2890:1873592817 2775:Gough 1993 2763:Gough 1993 2736:Gough 1993 2721:Gough 1993 2708:References 2542:Trimingham 2487:Trelanvean 2137:Neatishead 2068:Kilchiaran 1925:Hack Green 1797:Drone Hill 1604:R3 GCI(E) 1551:Anstruther 1399:Trimingham 1343:Trelanvean 997:Neatishead 927:Kilchiaran 782:Hack Green 651:Drone Hill 417:Anstruther 370:Hack Green 318:Post-ROTOR 269:Chain Home 117:Chain Home 40:references 21:R.O.T.O.R. 2646:ND 326537 2632:SX 771374 2622:R11 CHEL 2619:SS 928486 2613:West Myne 2605:TG 142389 2592:TQ 662088 2576:SZ 565784 2562:TQ 224109 2548:TG 290385 2534:SH 322754 2520:SW 812585 2506:SW 766174 2500:Treleaver 2492:SW 762193 2479:TR 335429 2466:TG 257028 2453:TF 256827 2440:TA 023778 2425:SR 944976 2411:TR 370451 2397:SD 348303 2383:SZ 163977 2372:R11 CHEL 2369:SC 397869 2355:TF 438709 2349:Skendleby 2341:SE 542618 2325:SW 376246 2312:NZ 519280 2298:NO 908982 2284:NM 032456 2278:Scarinish 2270:HP 629165 2263:Saxa Vord 2254:TR 303574 2240:TQ 968232 2227:SY 751817 2220:Ringstead 2214:R11 CHEL 2211:SJ 079819 2205:Prestatyn 2197:SY 696735 2183:TQ 043052 2170:TQ 644073 2157:HY 464045 2143:TG 346184 2132:R11 CHEL 2129:ID 213407 2115:SD 541365 2101:TF 155129 2087:IJ 605435 2077:R11 CHEL 2074:NR 207616 2060:TQ 561995 2044:NO 841734 2030:TM 540990 2016:SX 716374 2010:Hope Cove 2002:TA 367225 1986:NJ 947616 1981:Hill Head 1973:TM 411720 1960:SM 920256 1946:SS 237277 1932:SJ 647483 1916:NZ 830138 1900:NS 327361 1886:TR 385710 1872:SM 858195 1859:NC 389714 1843:TQ 862113 1837:Fairlight 1829:TR 076595 1815:SW 732218 1802:NT 845665 1789:NO 488415 1776:NZ 732097 1763:NT 880680 1749:SO 968461 1743:Comberton 1735:NZ 417468 1721:TQ 015997 1707:ST 768702 1691:NY 144545 1677:NK 113408 1663:ST 850690 1649:NU 240125 1633:TA 192736 1617:TV 590959 1601:TM 347388 1587:TG 165080 1573:NT 203748 1557:NO 568088 1543:NB 047390 1521:Site Name 1471:West Myne 1357:Treleaver 1141:Scarinish 1067:Prestatyn 869:Hope Cove 839:Hill Head 693:Fairlight 595:Comberton 136:microwave 131:network. 2585:Wartling 2565:R2 CHEL 2474:Swingate 2448:Stenigot 2391:St Annes 2363:Snaefell 2191:Portland 2165:Pevensey 2095:Langtoft 1995:Holmpton 1889:R2 CHEL 1880:Foreness 1766:R2 CHEL 1757:Crosslaw 1581:Bawburgh 1536:Aird Uig 1329:Swingate 1301:Stenigot 1241:St Annes 1213:Snaefell 1111:Sandwich 1053:Portland 1025:Pevensey 955:Langtoft 737:Foreness 609:Crosslaw 447:Bawburgh 380:UK sites 366:Cold War 305:concrete 186:V-bomber 2839:Sources 2655:At the 2649:R8 GCI 2570:Ventnor 2537:R8 GCI 2414:R1 CEW 2400:R8 GCI 2358:R3 GCI 2334:Shipton 2200:R1 CEW 2146:R3 GCI 2047:R1 CEW 2019:R6 GCI 1949:R8 GCI 1935:R6 GCI 1823:Dunkirk 1810:Drytree 1752:R8 GCI 1724:R8 GCI 1715:Chenies 1710:R8 GCI 1694:R8 GCI 1642:Boulmer 1636:R1 CEW 1626:Bempton 1595:Bawdsey 1427:Ventnor 1284:Staxton 679:Dunkirk 665:Drytree 567:Chenies 263:as the 113:bombers 53:improve 2888:  2855:  2660:2020. 2514:Trerew 2377:Sopley 2320:Sennen 2178:Poling 2024:Hopton 1894:Gailes 1671:Buchan 1371:Trerew 1227:Sopley 1183:Sennen 1039:Poling 883:Hopton 751:Gailes 523:Buchan 110:Soviet 42:, but 1867:Folly 1685:Calvo 723:Folly 537:Calvo 219:radar 190:BMEWS 129:telex 102:radar 98:ROTOR 2886:ISBN 2853:ISBN 2800:2016 2640:Wick 1499:Wick 1286:Wold 330:and 243:The 173:and 154:and 2919:at 2792:RAF 2702:TDC 2643:IKA 2635:CH 2616:ZEM 2608:CH 2589:ZUN 2573:OJC 2559:SNG 2545:QLE 2531:TES 2523:CH 2517:RTW 2503:TEL 2495:CH 2482:CH 2469:CH 2456:CH 2443:CH 2422:TWY 2408:AGC 2394:SAN 2380:AVO 2366:MOI 2352:UPI 2338:KFY 2328:CH 2309:DYR 2301:CH 2295:HSL 2281:FLY 2267:AXA 2251:YTM 2243:CH 2235:Rye 2230:CH 2224:SRD 2208:SYP 2194:NIB 2186:CH 2173:CH 2160:CH 2154:BNT 2140:BWP 2126:URB 2112:LOA 2098:LAT 2071:ECK 2057:XSL 2041:LGZ 2027:TOH 2013:HOP 1999:VQJ 1989:CH 1976:CH 1957:CHX 1943:HAT 1929:HAK 1913:JEX 1897:FUL 1883:WJW 1875:CH 1856:RAI 1840:GWB 1826:TDE 1818:CH 1805:CH 1792:CH 1779:CH 1760:HCV 1746:COB 1732:IDW 1718:HAM 1704:CHA 1688:CAL 1674:GBU 1660:XOB 1657:Box 1646:EZS 1630:RMF 1614:HEB 1598:PKD 1584:WRK 1570:MHA 1554:FAT 1540:WIU 1097:Rye 509:Box 2937:: 2790:. 2743:^ 2728:^ 376:. 275:, 208:. 140:c. 2861:. 2830:. 2816:. 2802:. 78:) 72:( 67:) 63:( 49:.

Index

R.O.T.O.R.
references
inline citations
improve
introducing
Learn how and when to remove this message

radar
British Government
Soviet
bombers
Chain Home
early warning
AMES Type 7
telex
microwave
Green Garlic
early warning
ground controlled interception
carcinotron
radar jammer
hydrogen bomb
ballistic missile
interceptor aircraft
V-bomber
BMEWS
air traffic control
Linesman/Mediator
Lashup Radar Network
radar

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.