2334:
2397:
2313:
706:
analysis suggests that alphaviruses and flaviviruses can be separated into two families—the
Togaviridae and Flaviridae, respectively—but suggests that other taxonomic assignments, such as the pestiviruses, hepatitis C virus, rubiviruses, hepatitis E virus, and arteriviruses, may be incorrect. The coronaviruses and toroviruses appear to be distinct families in distinct orders and not distinct genera of the same family as currently classified. The luteoviruses appear to be two families rather than one, and apple chlorotic leaf spot virus appears not to be a closterovirus but a new genus of the Potexviridae.
2355:
2187:
2208:
2271:
302:
2376:
27:
58:
4205:
4453:
4441:
2292:
2229:
2250:
2166:
4477:
4465:
2425:
539:
390:
against them. Retroviruses also have a high mutation rate even though their DNA intermediate integrates into the host genome (and is thus subject to host DNA proofreading once integrated), because errors during reverse transcription are embedded into both strands of DNA before integration. Some genes
622:
group appears to be basal to all the remaining RNA viruses. The next major division lies between the picornasupragroup and the remaining viruses. The dsRNA viruses appear to have evolved from a +ve RNA ancestor and the -ve RNA viruses from within the dsRNA viruses. The closest relation to the -ve
438:
Negative-sense ssRNA viruses (Group V) must have their genome copied by an RNA replicase to form positive-sense RNA. This means that the virus must bring along with it the enzyme RNA replicase. The positive-sense RNA molecule then acts as viral mRNA, which is translated into proteins by the host
411:
On average, dsRNA viruses show a lower sequence redundancy relative to ssRNA viruses. Contrarily, dsDNA viruses contain the most redundant genome sequences while ssDNA viruses have the least. The sequence complexity of viruses has been shown to be a key characteristic for accurate reference-free
353:
is an economically important pathogen that infects cattle and sheep. In recent years, progress has been made in determining atomic and subnanometer resolution structures of a number of key viral proteins and virion capsids of several dsRNA viruses, highlighting the significant parallels in the
705:
Additional work has identified five groups of positive-stranded RNA viruses containing four, three, three, three, and one order(s), respectively. These fourteen orders contain 31 virus families (including 17 families of plant viruses) and 48 genera (including 30 genera of plant viruses). This
434:
it into a single protein that is modified by host and viral proteins to form the various proteins needed for replication. One of these includes RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNA replicase), which copies the viral RNA to form a double-stranded replicative form. In turn, this dsRNA directs the
748:
This analysis also suggests that the dsRNA viruses are not closely related to each other but instead belong to four additional classes—Birnaviridae, Cystoviridae, Partitiviridae, and
Reoviridae—and one additional order (Totiviridae) of one of the classes of positive ssRNA viruses in the same
694:
A division of the alpha-like (Sindbis-like) supergroup on the basis of a novel domain located near the N termini of the proteins involved in viral replication has been proposed. The two groups proposed are: the 'altovirus' group (alphaviruses, furoviruses, hepatitis E virus, hordeiviruses,
525:. Recombination in RNA viruses appears to be an adaptation for coping with genome damage. Recombination can occur infrequently between animal viruses of the same species but of divergent lineages. The resulting recombinant viruses may sometimes cause an outbreak of infection in humans.
804:
A number of satellite viruses—viruses that require the assistance of another virus to complete their life cycle—are also known. Their taxonomy has yet to be settled. The following four genera have been proposed for positive sense single stranded RNA satellite viruses that infect
450:, a viral enzyme that comes from the virus itself after it is uncoated, converts the viral RNA into a complementary strand of DNA, which is copied to produce a double-stranded molecule of viral DNA. After this DNA is integrated into the host genome using the viral enzyme
602:
Classification is based principally on the type of genome (double-stranded, negative- or positive-single-strand) and gene number and organization. Currently, there are 5 orders and 47 families of RNA viruses recognized. There are also many unassigned species and genera.
3801:"Analyses of the radiation of birnaviruses from diverse host phyla and of their evolutionary affinities with other double-stranded RNA and positive strand RNA viruses using robust structure-based multiple sequence alignments and advanced phylogenetic methods"
617:
A study of several thousand RNA viruses has shown the presence of at least five main taxa: a levivirus and relatives group; a picornavirus supergroup; an alphavirus supergroup plus a flavivirus supergroup; the dsRNA viruses; and the -ve strand viruses. The
274:
before translation. Purified RNA of a positive-sense virus can directly cause infection though it may be less infectious than the whole virus particle. In contrast, purified RNA of a negative-sense virus is not infectious by itself as it needs to be
965:
689:
Alphaviruses, carlaviruses, furoviruses, hordeiviruses, potexviruses, rubiviruses, tobraviruses, tricornaviruses, tymoviruses, apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, beet yellows virus and hepatitis E virus—the alpha like group
685:
Carmoviruses, dianthoviruses, flaviviruses, pestiviruses, statoviruses, tombusviruses, single-stranded RNA bacteriophages, hepatitis C virus and a subset of luteoviruses (barley yellow dwarf virus)—the flavi like group
470:
are present in the same host cell. Very rarely viral RNA can recombine with host RNA. RNA recombination appears to be a major driving force in determining genome architecture and the course of viral evolution among
4000:
Pankovics P, Boros Á, Kiss T, Engelmann P, Reuter G (2019) Genetically highly divergent RNA virus with astrovirus-like (5'-end) and hepevirus-like (3'-end) genome organization in carnivorous birds, European roller
951:
681:
Bymoviruses, comoviruses, nepoviruses, nodaviruses, picornaviruses, potyviruses, sobemoviruses and a subset of luteoviruses (beet western yellows virus and potato leafroll virus)—the picorna like group
2523:
The majority of fungal viruses are double-stranded RNA viruses. A small number of positive-strand RNA viruses have been described. One report has suggested the possibility of a negative stranded virus.
2510:. The confusion might be due to the TaxoProp's reference to a "monophyly of all RNA viruses", improperly termed as it was only demonstrated with RdRP. On the other hand, the proposed definition of
1457:
3577:
Rozanov MN, Koonin EV, Gorbalenya AE (August 1992). "Conservation of the putative methyltransferase domain: a hallmark of the 'Sindbis-like' supergroup of positive-strand RNA viruses".
1547:
958:
1567:
972:
695:
tobamoviruses, tobraviruses, tricornaviruses and probably rubiviruses); and the 'typovirus' group (apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, carlaviruses, potexviruses and tymoviruses).
1527:
8340:
1507:
944:
3004:"Detailed mapping of RNA secondary structures in core and NS5B-encoding region sequences of hepatitis C virus by RNase cleavage and novel bioinformatic prediction methods"
1562:
1542:
1477:
937:
1482:
1442:
792:
These viruses have multiple types of genome ranging from a single RNA molecule up to eight segments. Despite their diversity it appears that they may have originated in
4515:
1517:
2333:
1467:
1674:
Six classes, seven orders and twenty four families are currently recognized in this group. A number of unassigned species and genera are yet to be classified.
1114:
6812:
1472:
7286:
8333:
7863:
7385:
6580:
4859:
2075:
1502:
1462:
1452:
1287:
7682:
7350:
7293:
7265:
7237:
6907:
6591:
6522:
5782:
5775:
4866:
4824:
4817:
3622:
Koonin EV, Dolja VV (1993). "Evolution and taxonomy of positive-strand RNA viruses: implications of comparative analysis of amino acid sequences".
2108:
1552:
1497:
1120:
928:
2396:
7877:
7731:
7258:
7251:
6071:
4887:
4873:
4831:
1253:
420:
Animal RNA viruses are classified by the ICTV. There are three distinct groups of RNA viruses depending on their genome and mode of replication:
7969:
7920:
7870:
7849:
7300:
4810:
4508:
4019:
3488:
Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Fifth report of the
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, Archives of Virology (Suppl. 2)
2186:
1906:
638:
231:
157:
446:(Group VI) have a single-stranded RNA genome but, in general, are not considered RNA viruses because they use DNA intermediates to replicate.
7689:
6762:
6755:
1918:
1912:
1557:
1532:
1487:
1447:
1367:
207:
As of May 2020, all known RNA viruses encoding an RNA-directed RNA polymerase are believed to form a monophyletic group, known as the realm
8326:
2027:
1894:
1512:
1423:
1323:
1900:
424:
Double-stranded RNA viruses (Group III) contain from one to a dozen different RNA molecules, each coding for one or more viral proteins.
4501:
2312:
992:
There are three orders and 34 families recognised in this group. In addition, there are a number of unclassified species and genera.
4371:
2478:
1626:
987:
478:
259:
255:
2354:
677:
Positive-strand RNA viruses can also be classified based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Three groups have been recognised:
4129:
3495:
2843:
2592:
2270:
391:
of RNA virus are important to the viral replication cycles and mutations are not tolerated. For example, the region of the
270:
by the host cell. Negative-sense viral RNA is complementary to mRNA and thus must be converted to positive-sense RNA by an
2207:
2192:
1537:
287:
RNA viruses resemble negative-sense RNA viruses, except they translate genes from their negative and positive strands.
2555:
2339:
1863:
589:
522:
173:
740:
Hypoviruses and barnaviruses appear to share an ancestry with the potyvirus and sobemovirus lineages respectively.
3860:"Unprecedented genomic diversity of RNA viruses in arthropods reveals the ancestry of negative-sense RNA viruses"
349:, which are the most common virus in fecal samples of both humans and animals with or without signs of diarrhea.
8994:
8589:
9130:
4481:
8778:
2375:
400:
371:
271:
8698:
8454:
6301:
3437:
Wolf YI, Kazlauskas D, Iranzo J, Lucía-Sanz A, Kuhn JH, Krupovic M, Dolja VV, Koonin EV (November 2018).
3292:"Recombination is required for efficient HIV-1 replication and the maintenance of viral genome integrity"
2463:
1611:
842:
310:
296:
8045:
7550:
6624:
4122:
2402:
571:
8999:
4163:
2453:
1281:
631:
554:
3591:
2228:
8846:
8747:
8664:
4524:
4469:
4096:
276:
2628:
2291:
2249:
847:
There are twelve families and a number of unassigned genera and species recognised in this group.
8873:
8649:
4158:
2692:
2680:
2503:
2165:
3708:"The Big Bang of picorna-like virus evolution antedates the radiation of eukaryotic supergroups"
9101:
8417:
4364:
4042:"Nyamanini and midway viruses define a novel taxon of RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales"
4040:
Mihindukulasuriya KA, Nguyen NL, Wu G, Huang HV, da Rosa AP, Popov VL, et al. (May 2009).
3586:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
427:
Positive-sense ssRNA viruses (Group IV) have their genome directly utilized as mRNA, with host
375:
267:
97:) but it may be double-stranded (dsRNA). Notable human diseases caused by RNA viruses include
313:
represent a diverse group of viruses that vary widely in host range (humans, animals, plants,
8861:
8834:
8449:
4115:
496:
463:
447:
431:
8437:
829:—has been proposed for the positive sense single stranded RNA satellite viruses that infect
9158:
8805:
8800:
8676:
4528:
4416:
4411:
3812:
3256:
3157:
3140:
2956:
2438:
254:
RNA viruses can be further classified according to the sense or polarity of their RNA into
4102:
3937:
2601:
614:. These are not currently classified as RNA viruses and are described on their own pages.
8:
9041:
8883:
8839:
8795:
8533:
7510:
5269:
4744:
4406:
4391:
4153:
2631:"The new scope of virus taxonomy: partitioning the virosphere into 15 hierarchical ranks"
1791:
1305:
611:
134:
3816:
3260:
2960:
2872:
2608:
40:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
9091:
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3835:
3800:
3776:
3751:
3683:
3658:
3463:
3438:
3414:
3387:
3316:
3291:
3247:
Hu WS, Temin HM (November 1990). "Retroviral recombination and reverse transcription".
3224:
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3072:
3047:
2920:
2895:
2806:
2781:
2657:
2630:
1492:
396:
8318:
3674:
2717:
714:
The evolution of the picornaviruses based on an analysis of their RNA polymerases and
241:
are taxa of RNA viruses that were mistakenly included in 2019, but corrected in 2020.
9086:
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7985:
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392:
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2545:
330:
34:
Parts of this article (those related to taxonomy in baltimore sections ) need to be
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3015:
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2642:
2281:
2115:
2043:
1696:
1648:
1337:
1193:
1140:
900:
888:
752:
One study has suggested that there are two large clades: One includes the families
666:
507:
350:
301:
185:
82:
3063:
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8773:
8752:
8681:
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7585:
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7378:
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6923:
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512:
342:
130:
90:
3600:
3554:
3537:
2757:
2740:
9069:
8956:
8827:
8686:
8669:
8474:
8404:
8278:
8256:
8224:
8189:
8095:
8060:
7996:
7839:
7828:
7791:
7633:
7517:
7407:
7336:
7326:
7087:
6879:
6842:
6748:
6543:
6127:
6100:
5747:
5736:
5640:
5605:
5598:
5584:
5577:
5526:
5498:
5428:
5417:
5382:
5166:
4969:
4838:
4775:
4709:
4687:
4609:
4445:
4376:
4344:
4231:
4189:
3538:"The phylogeny of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of positive-strand RNA viruses"
2949:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2704:
Nguyen M, Haenni AL (June 2003). "Expression strategies of ambisense viruses".
2629:
International
Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Executive Committee (May 2020).
2448:
2430:
2148:
1967:
1937:
1760:
1752:
1724:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1582:
1317:
1169:
1085:
1061:
894:
876:
822:
499:
by strand switching, a form of recombination. Recombination also occurs in the
379:
346:
220:
3978:
3961:
3927:
3910:
3767:
3635:
3404:
2647:
1647:. Within the subphylum Haploviricotina four classes are currently recognised:
737:
Partitiviruses are related to and may have evolved from a totivirus ancestor.
637:
This is the single largest group of RNA viruses and has been organized by the
9152:
9109:
9074:
8917:
8907:
8878:
8511:
8504:
8246:
8141:
8127:
7955:
7948:
7927:
7768:
7717:
7710:
7574:
7470:
7448:
7421:
7397:
7357:
7314:
7279:
7272:
7244:
7230:
7223:
7124:
7060:
7031:
7010:
6989:
6978:
6958:
6890:
6712:
6681:
6670:
6648:
6515:
6382:
6368:
6358:
6325:
6249:
6201:
6144:
6137:
5984:
5884:
5758:
5672:
5654:
5633:
5619:
5519:
5456:
5406:
5328:
5306:
5279:
5242:
5144:
5111:
4959:
4937:
4737:
4720:
4698:
4676:
4598:
4587:
4396:
4308:
4241:
4194:
3858:
Li CX, Shi M, Tian JH, Lin XD, Kang YJ, Chen LJ, et al. (January 2015).
3825:
3166:
3141:"Deep Recombination: RNA and ssDNA Virus Genes in DNA Virus and Host Genomes"
2407:
2386:
2360:
2234:
2103:
2059:
2051:
1874:
1858:
1814:
1807:
1786:
1351:
1341:
1205:
1047:
1009:
1003:
922:
864:
852:
731:
661:
649:
517:
237:
215:
3268:
2969:
454:, expression of the encoded genes may lead to the formation of new virions.
9163:
9096:
8939:
8899:
8866:
8638:
8624:
8522:
8268:
8213:
8148:
8117:
8084:
7934:
7906:
7724:
7696:
7675:
7661:
7654:
7644:
7480:
7414:
7343:
7191:
7161:
7150:
7097:
7053:
7043:
7024:
7000:
6951:
6863:
6776:
6734:
6573:
6505:
6483:
6463:
6453:
6263:
6179:
6090:
6061:
6049:
6039:
6027:
6017:
5995:
5953:
5943:
5916:
5895:
5873:
5849:
5839:
5817:
5714:
5665:
5626:
5612:
5591:
5360:
5338:
5316:
5183:
5085:
5073:
5030:
5019:
4926:
4915:
4880:
4786:
4638:
4359:
4354:
4318:
4303:
4282:
4204:
4138:
4075:
3987:
3946:
3895:
3844:
3733:
3472:
3423:
3369:
3325:
3233:
3198:"Recombination in Enteroviruses, a Multi-Step Modular Evolutionary Process"
3196:
Muslin C, Mac Kain A, Bessaud M, Blondel B, Delpeyroux F (September 2019).
3174:
3125:
3116:
3099:
3081:
3029:
2929:
2815:
2766:
2725:
2666:
2218:
2197:
2176:
2067:
2035:
2019:
1995:
1983:
1975:
1847:
1822:
1357:
1293:
1277:
1243:
1231:
1227:
1199:
1175:
1079:
870:
858:
826:
723:
655:
473:
118:
86:
3785:
3692:
3643:
3608:
3563:
3454:
3276:
3020:
3003:
2988:
2894:
Boutwell CL, Rolland MM, Herbeck JT, Mullins JI, Allen TM (October 2010).
2880:
57:
9120:
8986:
8934:
8929:
8442:
8134:
7913:
7899:
7812:
7668:
7458:
7371:
7364:
7307:
7213:
7134:
7017:
6934:
6900:
6826:
6788:
6769:
6705:
6698:
6529:
6389:
6078:
5906:
5806:
5701:
5551:
5533:
5509:
5372:
5350:
5176:
5154:
5122:
5063:
4852:
4764:
4626:
4576:
4552:
4349:
4328:
4246:
4221:
4057:
3307:
2797:
2473:
2318:
2260:
2255:
2239:
2171:
2144:
2011:
2003:
1988:
1843:
1839:
1798:
1740:
1617:
An unclassified astrovirus/hepevirus-like virus has also been described.
1600:
1588:
1522:
1431:
1415:
1407:
1329:
1311:
1299:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1187:
1152:
1128:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1073:
1053:
997:
916:
882:
814:
806:
126:
122:
98:
3876:
3724:
3707:
3388:"Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses"
3290:
Rawson JM, Nikolaitchik OA, Keele BF, Pathak VK, Hu WS (November 2018).
9028:
9023:
8976:
8969:
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8949:
8944:
8785:
8720:
8469:
8411:
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4426:
4401:
2468:
2213:
2139:
1945:
1887:
1768:
1712:
1606:
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1391:
1383:
1247:
1181:
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1089:
1041:
1037:
906:
818:
810:
624:
619:
501:
487:
482:
443:
225:
189:
74:
4107:
3214:
2945:"Sequence analysis of the core gene of 14 hepatitis C virus genotypes"
2584:
Segmented Double-stranded RNA Viruses: Structure and
Molecular Biology
9033:
9018:
9005:
8757:
8545:
8376:
8202:
8073:
7607:
7563:
6637:
6314:
5725:
4565:
4537:
4386:
4323:
4313:
4236:
3386:
Su S, Wong G, Shi W, Liu J, Lai AC, Zhou J, et al. (June 2016).
2780:
Sanjuán R, Nebot MR, Chirico N, Mansky LM, Belshaw R (October 2010).
2276:
2120:
1704:
1399:
1375:
1209:
910:
830:
793:
719:
670:
564:
560:
451:
428:
367:
338:
284:
209:
102:
61:
Taxonomy and replication strategies of different types of RNA viruses
2859:
Steinhauer DA, Holland JJ (1987). "Rapid evolution of RNA viruses".
9064:
9010:
8912:
8856:
8851:
8742:
8703:
8659:
8561:
8366:
4168:
2911:
2582:
1033:
727:
715:
387:
386:
of RNA viruses is one reason why it is difficult to make effective
363:
318:
262:, or ambisense RNA viruses. Positive-sense viral RNA is similar to
114:
337:
layers, spikes, turrets, etc.). Members of this group include the
9046:
8924:
8708:
8693:
8396:
8371:
2297:
1835:
1663:. In the subphylum Polyploviricotina two classes are recognised:
1333:
150:
3752:"Origin, adaptation and evolutionary pathways of fungal viruses"
567:
for a clean integration between ICTV higher-order and
Baltimore.
9137:
9115:
8812:
8735:
8730:
8495:
8386:
8381:
4421:
4184:
4015:
3798:
3511:
2609:"Listing in Taxonomic Order – Index to ICTV Species Lists"
2483:
2381:
1879:
699:
607:
467:
334:
326:
322:
280:
138:
4039:
3911:"A classification system for virophages and satellite viruses"
3436:
354:
structure and replicative processes of many of these viruses.
8619:
8611:
8429:
8391:
4142:
3289:
2893:
1803:
1635:, this group of viruses has been placed into a single phylum—
314:
197:
193:
146:
142:
94:
70:
3799:
Gibrat JF, Mariadassou M, Boudinot P, Delmas B (July 2013).
3195:
2424:
698:
The alpha like supergroup can be further divided into three
249:
9125:
8817:
8358:
2741:"Evidence for negative-strand RNA virus infection in fungi"
263:
201:
110:
106:
8459:
3706:
Koonin EV, Wolf YI, Nagasaki K, Dolja VV (December 2008).
3485:
981:
722:. Their putative ancestors include the bacterial group II
8464:
2896:"Viral evolution and escape during acute HIV-1 infection"
2779:
1620:
492:
213:. The majority of such RNA viruses fall into the kingdom
181:
78:
3962:"Virgaviridae: a new family of rod-shaped plant viruses"
3341:
495:, damage in the RNA genome appears to be avoided during
8348:
3705:
3576:
3045:
3624:
Critical
Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
3046:
Silva JM, Pratas D, Caetano T, Matos D (August 2022).
2738:
966:
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum debilitation-associated virus
399:, because it contains an RNA structure involved in an
160:(ICTV) classifies RNA viruses as those that belong to
2739:
Kondo H, Chiba S, Toyoda K, Suzuki N (January 2013).
702:: the rubi-like, tobamo-like, and tymo-like viruses.
606:
Related to but distinct from the RNA viruses are the
4523:
3486:
Francki RI, Fauquet CM, Knudson DL, Brown F (1991).
3342:
Bernstein H, Bernstein C, Michod RE (January 2018).
2420:
3908:
3001:
2833:
2550:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science, Inc. p. 249.
283:can be transcribed to several positive-sense RNAs.
3959:
180:, viruses with RNA genetic material but which use
5826:
3100:"How RNA viruses maintain their genome integrity"
2942:
2858:
1639:. This phylum has been divided into two subphyla—
9150:
3909:Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Fischer MG (January 2016).
3439:"Origins and Evolution of the Global RNA Virome"
3337:
3335:
2773:
2544:Wagner, Edward K.; Hewlett, Martinez J. (1999).
743:
6492:
6188:
5230:
3745:
3743:
3659:"Progress towards a higher taxonomy of viruses"
3002:Tuplin A, Evans DJ, Simmonds P (October 2004).
8233:
8104:
7800:
7756:
7583:
6851:
5437:
4946:
4020:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
787:
749:subphylum as the positive-strand RNA viruses.
630:
290:
223:. The realm does not contain all RNA viruses:
158:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
8334:
8222:
8093:
7994:
7085:
6125:
5745:
5734:
5426:
5415:
4773:
4707:
4685:
4509:
4123:
3994:
3332:
2943:Bukh J, Purcell RH, Miller RH (August 1994).
2543:
7572:
7122:
6888:
6646:
6356:
6323:
6199:
5756:
4935:
4718:
4596:
4585:
3902:
3857:
3740:
3385:
3283:
3189:
3041:
3039:
2995:
2887:
2703:
2576:
2574:
982:Group IV – positive-sense ssRNA viruses
952:Colletotrichum camelliae filamentous virus 1
836:
8211:
8115:
8082:
7642:
7159:
6503:
6451:
6177:
5941:
5837:
5815:
4924:
4784:
3621:
3570:
3240:
3093:
3091:
3048:"The complexity landscape of viral genomes"
2936:
2852:
1621:Group V – negative-sense ssRNA viruses
8341:
8327:
6932:
5904:
4574:
4516:
4502:
4130:
4116:
3792:
3699:
3615:
3097:
8187:
6414:
4095:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
4065:
3977:
3953:
3936:
3926:
3885:
3875:
3834:
3824:
3775:
3723:
3682:
3590:
3553:
3462:
3413:
3403:
3381:
3379:
3359:
3315:
3223:
3213:
3156:
3115:
3071:
3036:
3019:
2978:
2968:
2919:
2805:
2756:
2656:
2646:
2580:
2571:
590:Learn how and when to remove this message
250:Single-stranded RNA viruses and RNA Sense
8200:
8071:
8058:
7605:
7561:
6635:
6622:
6312:
4372:Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections
3749:
3650:
3430:
3088:
2834:Klein DW, Prescott LM, Harley J (1993).
2829:
2827:
2825:
2732:
2479:Norovirus cis-acting replication element
1627:Negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus
988:Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus
764:and a second that includes the families
395:genome that encodes the core protein is
300:
56:
7548:
4137:
3960:Adams MJ, Antoniw JF, Kreuze J (2009).
3246:
3138:
9151:
6299:
3535:
3529:
3512:"Current ICTV Taxonomy Release | ICTV"
3376:
3158:10.1146/annurev-virology-100114-055127
406:
8322:
8186:
8057:
7547:
6621:
6298:
5699:
5698:
4549:
4497:
4111:
3851:
2822:
718:appears to date to the divergence of
362:RNA viruses generally have very high
341:, which are the most common cause of
4550:
4464:
4008:
3656:
2673:
1458:Blueberry necrotic ring blotch virus
799:
796:and to have diversified from there.
532:
462:Numerous RNA viruses are capable of
325:segment number (one to twelve), and
20:
4476:
2873:10.1146/annurev.mi.41.100187.002205
2502:This inclusion was due to TaxoProp
563:article as well as later text; see
13:
2900:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
2193:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
1538:Planarian secretory cell nidovirus
244:
14:
9175:
4086:
3348:Infection, Genetics and Evolution
2340:Human respiratory syncytial virus
1548:Rosellinia necatrix fusarivirus 1
959:Cucurbit yellows associated virus
528:
357:
4475:
4463:
4452:
4451:
4439:
4203:
2423:
2395:
2374:
2353:
2332:
2311:
2290:
2269:
2248:
2227:
2206:
2185:
2164:
537:
457:
305:Structure of the reovirus virion
219:and the rest have a positioning
25:
4033:
3579:The Journal of General Virology
3542:The Journal of General Virology
3504:
3479:
3132:
3104:The Journal of General Virology
3098:Barr JN, Fearns R (June 2010).
3008:The Journal of General Virology
2838:. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown.
2517:
2147:virus (not a true virus, but a
1568:Wuhan large pig roundworm virus
311:double-stranded (ds)RNA viruses
176:system. This category excludes
8995:Last universal common ancestor
8590:Defective interfering particle
4016:"Virus Taxonomy: 2018 Release"
3938:11858/00-001M-0000-0028-DC34-F
2697:
2685:
2622:
2537:
2496:
837:Group III – dsRNA viruses
415:
279:into positive-sense RNA; each
1:
9131:Clonally transmissible cancer
8567:Satellite-like nucleic acids
3675:10.1016/S0923-2516(06)80059-2
2861:Annual Review of Microbiology
2718:10.1016/S0168-1702(03)00094-7
2530:
973:Spissistilus festinus virus 1
3712:Nature Reviews. Microbiology
3536:Koonin EV (September 1991).
3361:10.1016/j.meegid.2017.10.024
3344:"Sex in microbial pathogens"
3139:Stedman, Kenneth M. (2015).
2514:did correctly mention RdRP .
1528:Osedax japonicus RNA virus 1
709:
623:stranded RNA viruses is the
559:outdated and redundant with
401:internal ribosome entry site
272:RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
266:and thus can be immediately
77:—that has ribonucleic acid (
7:
3601:10.1099/0022-1317-73-8-2129
3555:10.1099/0022-1317-72-9-2197
3064:10.1093/gigascience/giac079
2758:10.1016/j.virol.2012.10.002
2464:Double-stranded RNA viruses
2416:
1612:Chronic bee paralysis virus
1508:Nesidiocoris tenuis virus 1
945:Circulifer tenellus virus 1
843:Double-stranded RNA viruses
788:Negative strand RNA viruses
744:Double-stranded RNA viruses
632:Positive-strand RNA viruses
557:. The specific problem is:
435:formation of new viral RNA.
297:Double-stranded RNA viruses
291:Double-stranded RNA viruses
10:
9180:
8687:Class II or DNA transposon
8682:Class I or retrotransposon
2587:. Caister Academic Press.
2403:Vesicular stomatitis virus
2157:
1631:With the exception of the
1624:
1563:Solenopsis invicta virus 3
1543:Plasmopara halstedii virus
1478:Goji berry chlorosis virus
985:
938:Botrytis porri RNA virus 1
840:
294:
9057:
9000:Earliest known life forms
8985:
8898:
8874:Repeated sequences in DNA
8766:
8648:
8637:
8610:
8582:
8532:
8521:
8494:
8483:
8428:
8357:
8266:
8244:
8196:
8182:
8067:
8053:
8044:
7983:
7887:
7837:
7826:
7789:
7745:
7631:
7594:
7557:
7543:
7498:
7468:
7446:
7435:
7395:
7324:
7211:
7200:
7189:
7148:
7111:
7074:
7041:
6998:
6987:
6976:
6921:
6877:
6840:
6786:
6722:
6679:
6668:
6657:
6631:
6617:
6561:
6481:
6440:
6403:
6345:
6334:
6308:
6294:
6285:
6237:
6166:
6114:
6088:
6059:
6037:
6015:
5993:
5982:
5971:
5930:
5893:
5882:
5871:
5804:
5723:
5712:
5708:
5694:
5565:
5543:
5507:
5496:
5489:
5404:
5370:
5348:
5326:
5304:
5293:
5267:
5256:
5219:
5208:
5164:
5142:
5120:
5109:
5083:
5061:
5050:
5039:
5028:
5017:
4979:
4957:
4913:
4762:
4696:
4674:
4636:
4607:
4563:
4559:
4545:
4536:
4435:
4337:
4296:
4260:
4212:
4201:
4177:
4164:Social history of viruses
4149:
3979:10.1007/s00705-009-0506-6
3928:10.1007/s00705-015-2622-9
3636:10.3109/10409239309078440
3405:10.1016/j.tim.2016.03.003
3145:Annual Review of Virology
2648:10.1038/s41564-020-0709-x
1483:Harmonia axyridis virus 1
1443:Acyrthosiphon pisum virus
1282:Barley yellow dwarf virus
825:which includes the genus
8847:Endogenous viral element
8665:Horizontal gene transfer
4097:Medical Subject Headings
3826:10.1186/1471-2148-13-154
3805:BMC Evolutionary Biology
2489:
1518:Nylanderia fulva virus 1
505:(dsRNA), e.g. reovirus;
466:when at least two viral
174:Baltimore classification
8544:dsDNA satellite virus (
3768:10.1023/a:1007966229595
3269:10.1126/science.1700865
2970:10.1073/pnas.91.17.8239
2581:Patton JT, ed. (2008).
2454:Positive/negative-sense
1096:(a common cold virus),
345:in young children, and
184:intermediates in their
9102:Helper dependent virus
8418:Biological dark matter
4365:Helper dependent virus
3392:Trends in Microbiology
3296:Nucleic Acids Research
3117:10.1099/vir.0.020818-0
2782:"Viral mutation rates"
412:viral classification.
306:
62:
8862:Endogenous retrovirus
8835:Origin of replication
8551:ssDNA satellite virus
8541:ssRNA satellite virus
3455:10.1128/mBio.02329-18
3021:10.1099/vir.0.80141-0
1468:Chara australis virus
1016:(common cold viruses
726:, the family of HtrA
612:RNA satellite viruses
497:reverse transcription
464:genetic recombination
448:Reverse transcriptase
304:
295:Further information:
60:
8806:Secondary chromosome
8801:Extrachromosomal DNA
8677:Transposable element
4529:virus classification
4417:Virus quantification
4412:Virus classification
4058:10.1128/JVI.02667-08
4005:). Infect Genet Evol
3966:Archives of Virology
3915:Archives of Virology
3750:Ghabrial SA (1998).
3663:Research in Virology
2906:(Suppl 2): S309–14.
2798:10.1128/JVI.00694-10
2439:Virus classification
782:Permutotretraviridae
572:improve this section
553:to meet Knowledge's
331:Triangulation number
9042:Model lipid bilayer
8884:Interspersed repeat
7511:Permutotetraviridae
5270:Orthopolintovirales
4745:Malacoherpesviridae
4407:Virus-like particle
4046:Journal of Virology
3877:10.7554/eLife.05378
3817:2013BMCEE..13..154G
3725:10.1038/nrmicro2030
3261:1990Sci...250.1227H
2961:1994PNAS...91.8239B
2786:Journal of Virology
2635:Nature Microbiology
2411:)
2134:Unassigned genera:
1792:Borna disease virus
1439:Unassigned species
1306:Permutotetraviridae
1107:includes subfamily
933:Unassigned species
407:Sequence complexity
188:: these are called
135:Ebola virus disease
16:Subclass of viruses
8352:organic structures
5829:Malgrandaviricetes
5464:Sphaerolipoviridae
5450:Matshushitaviridae
5042:Nucleocytoviricota
3548:(Pt 9): 2197–206.
3308:10.1093/nar/gky910
3014:(Pt 10): 3037–47.
1577:Satellite viruses
1493:Jingmen tick virus
1362:Unassigned genera
1115:Bacillariornavirus
366:rates compared to
307:
63:
9146:
9145:
9087:Non-cellular life
8894:
8893:
8633:
8632:
8606:
8605:
8560:ssRNA satellite (
8316:
8315:
8312:
8311:
8308:
8307:
8304:
8303:
8300:
8299:
8296:
8295:
8292:
8291:
8288:
8287:
8178:
8177:
8174:
8173:
8170:
8169:
8166:
8165:
8162:
8161:
8158:
8157:
8040:
8039:
8036:
8035:
8032:
8031:
8028:
8027:
8024:
8023:
8020:
8019:
8016:
8015:
7986:Yunchangviricetes
7979:
7978:
7822:
7821:
7785:
7784:
7741:
7740:
7627:
7626:
7539:
7538:
7535:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7527:
7526:
7494:
7493:
7490:
7489:
7431:
7430:
7185:
7184:
7181:
7180:
7144:
7143:
7107:
7106:
7070:
7069:
6972:
6971:
6968:
6967:
6945:Carmotetraviridae
6917:
6916:
6873:
6872:
6836:
6835:
6820:Gammaflexiviridae
6813:Deltaflexiviridae
6799:Alphaflexiviridae
6692:Alphatetraviridae
6613:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6557:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6477:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6436:
6435:
6399:
6398:
6348:Chrymotiviricetes
6281:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6233:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6162:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6110:
6109:
6006:Bacilladnaviridae
5967:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5926:
5925:
5867:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5800:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5690:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5648:Portogloboviridae
5561:
5560:
5485:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5400:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5289:
5288:
5252:
5251:
5211:Preplasmiviricota
5204:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5105:
5104:
5013:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4804:Autographiviridae
4758:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4731:Alloherpesviridae
4670:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4491:
4490:
4382:Neurotropic virus
4227:Viral replication
4003:Coracias garrulus
3585:(Pt 8): 2129–34.
3497:978-3-7091-9163-7
3255:(4985): 1227–33.
3215:10.3390/v11090859
3110:(Pt 6): 1373–87.
2845:978-0-697-01372-9
2594:978-1-904455-21-9
2506:, which proposed
2449:Viral replication
2119: – includes
2107: – includes
1960:Polyploviricotina
1930:Yunchangviricetes
1661:Yunchangviricetes
1645:Polyploviricotina
1633:Hepatitis D virus
1473:Extra small virus
1346:Chikungunya virus
1240:Hepatitis C virus
1216:Carmotetraviridae
1164:Alphatetraviridae
1147:Gammaflexiviridae
1135:Alphaflexiviridae
1014:Human coronavirus
909: – includes
800:Satellite viruses
766:Alphatetraviridae
600:
599:
592:
555:quality standards
546:This section may
521:((+)ssRNA), e.g.
511:((-)ssRNA), e.g.
491:((+)ssRNA), e.g.
393:hepatitis C virus
384:genetic diversity
55:
54:
9171:
8823:Gene duplication
8646:
8645:
8642:self-replication
8530:
8529:
8492:
8491:
8350:Self-replicating
8343:
8336:
8329:
8320:
8319:
8242:
8241:
8231:
8230:
8220:
8219:
8209:
8208:
8198:
8197:
8190:dsDNA-RT viruses
8184:
8183:
8113:
8112:
8102:
8101:
8091:
8090:
8080:
8079:
8069:
8068:
8061:ssRNA-RT viruses
8055:
8054:
8051:
8050:
7992:
7991:
7835:
7834:
7803:Serpentovirales
7798:
7797:
7776:Orthomyxoviridae
7754:
7753:
7704:Peribunyaviridae
7640:
7639:
7603:
7602:
7597:Chunqiuviricetes
7592:
7591:
7581:
7580:
7570:
7569:
7559:
7558:
7551:(–)ssRNA viruses
7545:
7544:
7444:
7443:
7287:Nanghoshaviridae
7209:
7208:
7198:
7197:
7172:Botourmiaviridae
7157:
7156:
7120:
7119:
7114:Howeltoviricetes
7083:
7082:
7077:Amabiliviricetes
6996:
6995:
6985:
6984:
6930:
6929:
6886:
6885:
6849:
6848:
6806:Betaflexiviridae
6677:
6676:
6666:
6665:
6655:
6654:
6644:
6643:
6633:
6632:
6625:(+)ssRNA viruses
6619:
6618:
6537:Picobirnaviridae
6501:
6500:
6495:Duplopiviricetes
6490:
6489:
6449:
6448:
6443:Vidaverviricetes
6412:
6411:
6406:Resentoviricetes
6376:Megabirnaviridae
6354:
6353:
6343:
6342:
6337:Duplornaviricota
6332:
6331:
6321:
6320:
6310:
6309:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6197:
6196:
6191:Huolimaviricetes
6186:
6185:
6175:
6174:
6123:
6122:
6117:Repensiviricetes
5991:
5990:
5980:
5979:
5974:Cressdnaviricota
5939:
5938:
5902:
5901:
5891:
5890:
5880:
5879:
5835:
5834:
5824:
5823:
5813:
5812:
5754:
5753:
5743:
5742:
5732:
5731:
5721:
5720:
5710:
5709:
5696:
5695:
5505:
5504:
5494:
5493:
5435:
5434:
5424:
5423:
5413:
5412:
5302:
5301:
5296:Tectiliviricetes
5265:
5264:
5259:Polintoviricetes
5233:Priklausovirales
5228:
5227:
5217:
5216:
5191:Marseilleviridae
5118:
5117:
5059:
5058:
5048:
5047:
5037:
5036:
5026:
5025:
4992:Papillomaviridae
4982:Zurhausenvirales
4955:
4954:
4944:
4943:
4933:
4932:
4922:
4921:
4797:Ackermannviridae
4782:
4781:
4771:
4770:
4716:
4715:
4705:
4704:
4694:
4693:
4683:
4682:
4649:Tristromaviridae
4620:Lipothrixviridae
4605:
4604:
4594:
4593:
4583:
4582:
4572:
4571:
4561:
4560:
4547:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4495:
4494:
4479:
4478:
4467:
4466:
4455:
4454:
4443:
4278:Phenotype mixing
4214:Viral life cycle
4207:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4109:
4108:
4080:
4079:
4069:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4012:
4006:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3981:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3940:
3930:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3889:
3879:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3838:
3828:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3779:
3747:
3738:
3737:
3727:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3686:
3657:Ward CW (1993).
3654:
3648:
3647:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3594:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3557:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3466:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3417:
3407:
3383:
3374:
3373:
3363:
3339:
3330:
3329:
3319:
3302:(20): 10535–45.
3287:
3281:
3280:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3227:
3217:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3160:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3119:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3075:
3043:
3034:
3033:
3023:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2982:
2972:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2923:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2831:
2820:
2819:
2809:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2760:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2660:
2650:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2541:
2524:
2521:
2515:
2500:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2399:
2378:
2357:
2336:
2315:
2294:
2282:Orthomyxoviridae
2273:
2252:
2231:
2210:
2189:
2168:
2116:Orthomyxoviridae
2044:Peribunyaviridae
1697:Chunqiuviricetes
1649:Chunqiuviricetes
1338:Ross River virus
1194:Botourmiaviridae
1141:Betaflexiviridae
901:Picobirnaviridae
889:Megabirnaviridae
682:(Picornavirata).
595:
588:
584:
581:
575:
541:
540:
533:
508:Orthomyxoviridae
397:highly conserved
370:, because viral
351:Bluetongue virus
347:picobirnaviruses
83:genetic material
50:
47:
41:
29:
28:
21:
9179:
9178:
9174:
9173:
9172:
9170:
9169:
9168:
9149:
9148:
9147:
9142:
9092:Synthetic virus
9080:Artificial cell
9053:
8981:
8890:
8779:RNA replication
8774:DNA replication
8762:
8753:Group II intron
8651:
8641:
8629:
8620:Mammalian prion
8602:
8578:
8557:dsRNA satellite
8554:ssDNA satellite
8524:
8517:
8486:
8479:
8424:
8353:
8347:
8317:
8284:
8262:
8236:Revtraviricetes
8192:
8154:
8107:Revtraviricetes
8063:
8012:
7975:
7942:Paramyxoviridae
7890:Mononegavirales
7883:
7864:Crepuscuviridae
7818:
7781:
7759:Articulavirales
7748:Insthoviricetes
7737:
7623:
7586:Negarnaviricota
7553:
7523:
7486:
7464:
7438:Stelpaviricetes
7427:
7391:
7386:Polycipiviridae
7379:Dicistroviridae
7320:
7203:Pisoniviricetes
7177:
7140:
7103:
7066:
7037:
6964:
6924:Tolucaviricetes
6913:
6869:
6854:Amarillovirales
6832:
6782:
6742:Closteroviridae
6725:Martellivirales
6718:
6660:Kitrinoviricota
6627:
6597:
6581:Polymycoviridae
6549:
6469:
6432:
6395:
6304:
6269:
6257:Finnlakeviridae
6217:
6212:Pleolipoviridae
6150:
6106:
6084:
6055:
6033:
6011:
5959:
5933:Quintoviricetes
5922:
5855:
5788:
5704:
5678:
5557:
5539:
5469:
5440:Halopanivirales
5388:
5366:
5344:
5322:
5285:
5248:
5222:Maveriviricetes
5196:
5160:
5138:
5133:Phycodnaviridae
5101:
5079:
5053:Pokkesviricetes
4997:
4975:
4949:Papovaviricetes
4893:
4860:Rountreeviridae
4750:
4654:
4632:
4555:
4532:
4522:
4492:
4487:
4431:
4333:
4292:
4288:Viral evolution
4273:Antigenic shift
4268:Antigenic drift
4256:
4252:Lysogenic cycle
4208:
4199:
4173:
4145:
4136:
4089:
4084:
4083:
4052:(10): 5109–16.
4038:
4034:
4024:
4022:
4014:
4013:
4009:
3999:
3995:
3972:(12): 1967–72.
3958:
3954:
3907:
3903:
3856:
3852:
3797:
3793:
3748:
3741:
3704:
3700:
3655:
3651:
3620:
3616:
3592:10.1.1.532.7367
3575:
3571:
3534:
3530:
3520:
3518:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3498:
3484:
3480:
3435:
3431:
3384:
3377:
3340:
3333:
3288:
3284:
3245:
3241:
3194:
3190:
3137:
3133:
3096:
3089:
3044:
3037:
3000:
2996:
2955:(17): 8239–43.
2941:
2937:
2892:
2888:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2832:
2823:
2792:(19): 9733–48.
2778:
2774:
2737:
2733:
2702:
2698:
2690:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2579:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2444:List of viruses
2429:
2422:
2419:
2412:
2400:
2391:
2379:
2370:
2366:Paramyxoviridae
2358:
2349:
2345:Paramyxoviridae
2337:
2328:
2324:Paramyxoviridae
2316:
2307:
2303:Paramyxoviridae
2295:
2286:
2274:
2265:
2253:
2244:
2232:
2223:
2211:
2202:
2190:
2181:
2169:
2160:
2096:Articulavirales
2088:Insthoviricetes
2076:Tilapineviridae
1868:Metapneumovirus
1831:Paramyxoviridae
1779:Mononegavirales
1733:Serpentovirales
1689:Haploviricotina
1681:Negarnaviricota
1669:Insthoviricetes
1641:Haploviricotina
1637:Negarnaviricota
1629:
1623:
1503:Nedicistrovirus
1463:Cadicistrovirus
1453:Blackford virus
1288:Polycipiviridae
1236:West Nile virus
1222:Closteroviridae
1068:Dicistroviridae
990:
984:
845:
839:
802:
790:
746:
712:
659:in the kingdom
644:Kitrinoviricota
641:into the phyla
635:
596:
585:
579:
576:
569:
542:
538:
531:
513:influenza virus
460:
418:
409:
380:DNA polymerases
372:RNA polymerases
360:
343:gastroenteritis
299:
293:
252:
247:
245:Characteristics
221:not yet defined
131:West Nile fever
99:the common cold
91:single-stranded
51:
45:
42:
39:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9177:
9167:
9166:
9161:
9144:
9143:
9141:
9140:
9135:
9134:
9133:
9128:
9118:
9112:
9106:
9105:
9104:
9099:
9089:
9084:
9083:
9082:
9077:
9067:
9061:
9059:
9055:
9054:
9052:
9051:
9050:
9049:
9044:
9036:
9031:
9026:
9021:
9015:
9014:
9013:
9002:
8997:
8991:
8989:
8983:
8982:
8980:
8979:
8974:
8973:
8972:
8967:
8959:
8957:Kappa organism
8954:
8953:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8932:
8922:
8921:
8920:
8915:
8904:
8902:
8896:
8895:
8892:
8891:
8889:
8888:
8887:
8886:
8881:
8871:
8870:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8844:
8843:
8842:
8832:
8831:
8830:
8828:Non-coding DNA
8825:
8820:
8810:
8809:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8783:
8782:
8781:
8770:
8768:
8764:
8763:
8761:
8760:
8755:
8750:
8748:Group I intron
8745:
8740:
8739:
8738:
8728:
8727:
8726:
8723:
8714:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8691:
8690:
8689:
8684:
8674:
8673:
8672:
8670:Genomic island
8667:
8656:
8654:
8650:Mobile genetic
8643:
8635:
8634:
8631:
8630:
8628:
8627:
8622:
8616:
8614:
8608:
8607:
8604:
8603:
8601:
8600:
8599:
8598:
8595:
8586:
8584:
8580:
8579:
8577:
8576:
8575:
8574:
8571:
8565:
8558:
8555:
8552:
8549:
8542:
8538:
8536:
8527:
8519:
8518:
8516:
8515:
8508:
8500:
8498:
8489:
8481:
8480:
8478:
8477:
8475:dsDNA-RT virus
8472:
8470:ssRNA-RT virus
8467:
8465:(−)ssRNA virus
8462:
8460:(+)ssRNA virus
8457:
8452:
8447:
8446:
8445:
8434:
8432:
8426:
8425:
8423:
8422:
8421:
8420:
8415:
8405:Incertae sedis
8401:
8400:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8374:
8369:
8363:
8361:
8355:
8354:
8346:
8345:
8338:
8331:
8323:
8314:
8313:
8310:
8309:
8306:
8305:
8302:
8301:
8298:
8297:
8294:
8293:
8290:
8289:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8282:
8279:Caulimoviridae
8274:
8272:
8264:
8263:
8261:
8260:
8257:Hepadnaviridae
8252:
8250:
8239:
8228:
8225:Artverviricota
8217:
8206:
8194:
8193:
8180:
8179:
8176:
8175:
8172:
8171:
8168:
8167:
8164:
8163:
8160:
8159:
8156:
8155:
8153:
8152:
8145:
8138:
8131:
8123:
8121:
8110:
8099:
8096:Artverviricota
8088:
8077:
8065:
8064:
8048:
8042:
8041:
8038:
8037:
8034:
8033:
8030:
8029:
8026:
8025:
8022:
8021:
8018:
8017:
8014:
8013:
8011:
8010:
8002:
8000:
7997:Goujianvirales
7989:
7981:
7980:
7977:
7976:
7974:
7973:
7966:
7959:
7952:
7945:
7938:
7931:
7924:
7917:
7910:
7903:
7895:
7893:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7881:
7874:
7867:
7860:
7853:
7845:
7843:
7840:Jingchuvirales
7832:
7829:Monjiviricetes
7824:
7823:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7816:
7808:
7806:
7795:
7792:Milneviricetes
7787:
7786:
7783:
7782:
7780:
7779:
7772:
7764:
7762:
7751:
7743:
7742:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7735:
7728:
7721:
7714:
7707:
7700:
7693:
7686:
7683:Leishbuviridae
7679:
7672:
7665:
7658:
7650:
7648:
7637:
7634:Ellioviricetes
7629:
7628:
7625:
7624:
7622:
7621:
7613:
7611:
7600:
7589:
7578:
7567:
7555:
7554:
7541:
7540:
7537:
7536:
7533:
7532:
7529:
7528:
7525:
7524:
7522:
7521:
7518:Sarthroviridae
7514:
7502:
7500:
7496:
7495:
7492:
7491:
7488:
7487:
7485:
7484:
7476:
7474:
7466:
7465:
7463:
7462:
7454:
7452:
7441:
7433:
7432:
7429:
7428:
7426:
7425:
7418:
7411:
7408:Alvernaviridae
7403:
7401:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7389:
7382:
7375:
7368:
7361:
7354:
7351:Solinviviridae
7347:
7340:
7337:Picornaviridae
7332:
7330:
7327:Picornavirales
7322:
7321:
7319:
7318:
7311:
7304:
7297:
7294:Nanhypoviridae
7290:
7283:
7276:
7269:
7266:Medioniviridae
7262:
7255:
7248:
7241:
7238:Cremegaviridae
7234:
7227:
7219:
7217:
7206:
7195:
7187:
7186:
7183:
7182:
7179:
7178:
7176:
7175:
7167:
7165:
7154:
7146:
7145:
7142:
7141:
7139:
7138:
7130:
7128:
7117:
7109:
7108:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7101:
7093:
7091:
7088:Wolframvirales
7080:
7072:
7071:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7064:
7057:
7049:
7047:
7039:
7038:
7036:
7035:
7028:
7021:
7014:
7006:
7004:
6993:
6982:
6974:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6962:
6955:
6948:
6940:
6938:
6927:
6919:
6918:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6911:
6908:Sinhaliviridae
6904:
6896:
6894:
6883:
6880:Magsaviricetes
6875:
6874:
6871:
6870:
6868:
6867:
6859:
6857:
6846:
6843:Flasuviricetes
6838:
6837:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6830:
6823:
6816:
6809:
6802:
6794:
6792:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6780:
6773:
6766:
6759:
6752:
6749:Endornaviridae
6745:
6738:
6730:
6728:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6716:
6709:
6702:
6695:
6687:
6685:
6674:
6663:
6652:
6641:
6629:
6628:
6615:
6614:
6611:
6610:
6607:
6606:
6603:
6602:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6595:
6592:Botybirnavirus
6584:
6577:
6565:
6563:
6559:
6558:
6555:
6554:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6547:
6544:Partitiviridae
6540:
6533:
6526:
6523:Curvulaviridae
6519:
6511:
6509:
6498:
6487:
6479:
6478:
6475:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6467:
6459:
6457:
6446:
6438:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6430:
6422:
6420:
6409:
6401:
6400:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6386:
6379:
6372:
6364:
6362:
6351:
6340:
6329:
6318:
6306:
6305:
6289:
6283:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6260:
6253:
6241:
6239:
6235:
6234:
6231:
6230:
6227:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6215:
6207:
6205:
6194:
6183:
6172:
6164:
6163:
6160:
6159:
6156:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6141:
6133:
6131:
6128:Geplafuvirales
6120:
6112:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6104:
6101:Redondoviridae
6096:
6094:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6082:
6075:
6067:
6065:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6045:
6043:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6031:
6023:
6021:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6001:
5999:
5988:
5977:
5969:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5957:
5949:
5947:
5936:
5928:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5920:
5912:
5910:
5899:
5888:
5877:
5869:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5845:
5843:
5832:
5821:
5810:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5786:
5783:Plectroviridae
5779:
5776:Paulinoviridae
5772:
5764:
5762:
5751:
5748:Faserviricetes
5740:
5737:Hofneiviricota
5729:
5718:
5706:
5705:
5692:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5669:
5658:
5651:
5644:
5641:Polydnaviridae
5637:
5630:
5623:
5616:
5609:
5606:Globuloviridae
5602:
5599:Fuselloviridae
5595:
5588:
5585:Bicaudaviridae
5581:
5578:Ampullaviridae
5569:
5567:
5563:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5547:
5545:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5530:
5527:Hytrosaviridae
5523:
5515:
5513:
5502:
5499:Naldaviricetes
5491:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5467:
5460:
5453:
5445:
5443:
5432:
5429:Laserviricetes
5421:
5418:Dividoviricota
5410:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5383:Corticoviridae
5378:
5376:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5356:
5354:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5334:
5332:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5312:
5310:
5299:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5275:
5273:
5262:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5238:
5236:
5225:
5214:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5187:
5180:
5172:
5170:
5167:Pimascovirales
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5150:
5148:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5128:
5126:
5115:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5091:
5089:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5069:
5067:
5056:
5045:
5034:
5023:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5003:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4987:
4985:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4970:Polyomaviridae
4965:
4963:
4952:
4941:
4930:
4919:
4911:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4870:
4867:Salasmaviridae
4863:
4856:
4849:
4842:
4839:Herelleviridae
4835:
4828:
4825:Drexlerviridae
4821:
4818:Demerecviridae
4814:
4807:
4800:
4792:
4790:
4779:
4776:Caudoviricetes
4768:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4726:
4724:
4713:
4710:Herviviricetes
4702:
4691:
4688:Heunggongvirae
4680:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4644:
4642:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4623:
4615:
4613:
4610:Ligamenvirales
4602:
4591:
4580:
4569:
4557:
4556:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4521:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4498:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4473:
4461:
4449:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4377:Marine viruses
4374:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4345:Antiviral drug
4341:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4232:Viral shedding
4229:
4224:
4218:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4190:Viral envelope
4187:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4135:
4134:
4127:
4120:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4103:Animal viruses
4100:
4088:
4087:External links
4085:
4082:
4081:
4032:
4007:
3993:
3952:
3901:
3850:
3791:
3739:
3718:(12): 925–39.
3698:
3649:
3630:(5): 375–430.
3614:
3569:
3528:
3503:
3496:
3478:
3429:
3398:(6): 490–502.
3375:
3331:
3282:
3239:
3188:
3151:(1): 203–217.
3131:
3087:
3035:
2994:
2935:
2912:10.1086/655653
2886:
2851:
2844:
2821:
2772:
2731:
2706:Virus Research
2696:
2684:
2672:
2641:(5): 668–674.
2621:
2600:
2593:
2570:
2556:
2547:Basic virology
2535:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2516:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2459:Animal viruses
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2431:Viruses portal
2418:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2401:
2394:
2392:
2380:
2373:
2371:
2359:
2352:
2350:
2338:
2331:
2329:
2317:
2310:
2308:
2296:
2289:
2287:
2275:
2268:
2266:
2254:
2247:
2245:
2233:
2226:
2224:
2212:
2205:
2203:
2191:
2184:
2182:
2170:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2149:subviral agent
2132:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2111:
2109:Taastrup virus
2083:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2015:
2007:
1999:
1991:
1968:Ellioviricetes
1955:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1938:Goujianvirales
1925:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1883:
1870:
1854:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1794:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1761:Jingchuvirales
1753:Monjiviricetes
1748:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1725:Milneviricetes
1720:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1665:Ellioviricetes
1657:Monjiviricetes
1653:Milneviricetes
1625:Main article:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1583:Sarthroviridae
1575:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1553:Santeuil virus
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1498:Le Blanc virus
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1427:
1419:
1411:
1403:
1395:
1387:
1379:
1371:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1326:
1320:
1318:Sarthroviridae
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1170:Alvernaviridae
1166:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1121:Kelp fly virus
1117:
1111:
1101:
1086:Picornaviridae
1082:
1076:
1070:
1062:Picornavirales
1058:
1057:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1006:
986:Main article:
983:
980:
979:
978:
977:
976:
969:
962:
955:
948:
941:
931:
929:Botybirnavirus
925:
919:
913:
903:
897:
895:Partitiviridae
891:
885:
879:
877:Endornaviridae
873:
867:
861:
855:
841:Main article:
838:
835:
823:Sarthroviridae
801:
798:
789:
786:
762:Picornaviridae
745:
742:
732:bacteriophages
711:
708:
692:
691:
687:
686:(Flavivirata).
683:
634:
629:
598:
597:
545:
543:
536:
530:
529:Classification
527:
474:Picornaviridae
459:
456:
441:
440:
436:
425:
417:
414:
408:
405:
359:
358:Mutation rates
356:
329:organization (
292:
289:
260:positive-sense
256:negative-sense
251:
248:
246:
243:
73:—other than a
53:
52:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9176:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9156:
9154:
9139:
9136:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9123:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9113:
9111:
9110:Nanobacterium
9107:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9094:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9075:Cell division
9073:
9072:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9062:
9060:
9056:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9039:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9016:
9012:
9009:
9008:
9007:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8992:
8990:
8988:
8984:
8978:
8975:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8962:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8927:
8926:
8923:
8919:
8918:Hydrogenosome
8916:
8914:
8911:
8910:
8909:
8908:Mitochondrion
8906:
8905:
8903:
8901:
8900:Endosymbiosis
8897:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8879:Tandem repeat
8877:
8876:
8875:
8872:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8849:
8848:
8845:
8841:
8838:
8837:
8836:
8833:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8815:
8814:
8811:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8788:
8787:
8784:
8780:
8777:
8776:
8775:
8772:
8771:
8769:
8767:Other aspects
8765:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8737:
8734:
8733:
8732:
8729:
8724:
8722:
8718:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8696:
8695:
8692:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8679:
8678:
8675:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8662:
8661:
8658:
8657:
8655:
8653:
8647:
8644:
8640:
8636:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8617:
8615:
8613:
8609:
8596:
8593:
8592:
8591:
8588:
8587:
8585:
8581:
8572:
8569:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8559:
8556:
8553:
8550:
8547:
8543:
8540:
8539:
8537:
8535:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8520:
8514:
8513:
8512:Avsunviroidae
8509:
8507:
8506:
8505:Pospiviroidae
8502:
8501:
8499:
8497:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8482:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8444:
8441:
8440:
8439:
8436:
8435:
8433:
8431:
8427:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8413:
8409:
8408:
8407:
8406:
8402:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8379:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8364:
8362:
8360:
8359:Cellular life
8356:
8351:
8344:
8339:
8337:
8332:
8330:
8325:
8324:
8321:
8281:
8280:
8276:
8275:
8273:
8271:
8270:
8265:
8259:
8258:
8254:
8253:
8251:
8249:
8248:
8247:Blubervirales
8243:
8240:
8238:
8237:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8226:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8215:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8204:
8199:
8195:
8191:
8185:
8181:
8151:
8150:
8146:
8144:
8143:
8142:Pseudoviridae
8139:
8137:
8136:
8132:
8130:
8129:
8128:Belpaoviridae
8125:
8124:
8122:
8120:
8119:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8108:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8097:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8086:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8075:
8070:
8066:
8062:
8056:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8043:
8009:
8008:
8004:
8003:
8001:
7999:
7998:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7987:
7982:
7972:
7971:
7967:
7965:
7964:
7960:
7958:
7957:
7956:Rhabdoviridae
7953:
7951:
7950:
7949:Pneumoviridae
7946:
7944:
7943:
7939:
7937:
7936:
7932:
7930:
7929:
7928:Mymonaviridae
7925:
7923:
7922:
7918:
7916:
7915:
7911:
7909:
7908:
7904:
7902:
7901:
7897:
7896:
7894:
7892:
7891:
7886:
7880:
7879:
7878:Natareviridae
7875:
7873:
7872:
7868:
7866:
7865:
7861:
7859:
7858:
7854:
7852:
7851:
7847:
7846:
7844:
7842:
7841:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7830:
7825:
7815:
7814:
7810:
7809:
7807:
7805:
7804:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7793:
7788:
7778:
7777:
7773:
7771:
7770:
7769:Amnoonviridae
7766:
7765:
7763:
7761:
7760:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7749:
7744:
7734:
7733:
7732:Wupedeviridae
7729:
7727:
7726:
7722:
7720:
7719:
7718:Phenuiviridae
7715:
7713:
7712:
7711:Phasmaviridae
7708:
7706:
7705:
7701:
7699:
7698:
7694:
7692:
7691:
7687:
7685:
7684:
7680:
7678:
7677:
7673:
7671:
7670:
7666:
7664:
7663:
7659:
7657:
7656:
7652:
7651:
7649:
7647:
7646:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7635:
7630:
7620:
7619:
7615:
7614:
7612:
7610:
7609:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7598:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7587:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7576:
7575:Orthornavirae
7571:
7568:
7566:
7565:
7560:
7556:
7552:
7546:
7542:
7520:
7519:
7515:
7513:
7512:
7507:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7497:
7483:
7482:
7478:
7477:
7475:
7473:
7472:
7471:Stellavirales
7467:
7461:
7460:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7451:
7450:
7449:Patatavirales
7445:
7442:
7440:
7439:
7434:
7424:
7423:
7422:Solemoviridae
7419:
7417:
7416:
7412:
7410:
7409:
7405:
7404:
7402:
7400:
7399:
7398:Sobelivirales
7394:
7388:
7387:
7383:
7381:
7380:
7376:
7374:
7373:
7369:
7367:
7366:
7362:
7360:
7359:
7358:Caliciviridae
7355:
7353:
7352:
7348:
7346:
7345:
7341:
7339:
7338:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7328:
7323:
7317:
7316:
7315:Tobaniviridae
7312:
7310:
7309:
7305:
7303:
7302:
7298:
7296:
7295:
7291:
7289:
7288:
7284:
7282:
7281:
7280:Mononiviridae
7277:
7275:
7274:
7273:Mesoniviridae
7270:
7268:
7267:
7263:
7261:
7260:
7259:Gresnaviridae
7256:
7254:
7253:
7252:Euroniviridae
7249:
7247:
7246:
7245:Coronaviridae
7242:
7240:
7239:
7235:
7233:
7232:
7231:Arteriviridae
7228:
7226:
7225:
7224:Abyssoviridae
7221:
7220:
7218:
7216:
7215:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7204:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7193:
7188:
7174:
7173:
7169:
7168:
7166:
7164:
7163:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7152:
7147:
7137:
7136:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7127:
7126:
7125:Cryppavirales
7121:
7118:
7116:
7115:
7110:
7100:
7099:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7090:
7089:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7078:
7073:
7063:
7062:
7061:Steitzviridae
7058:
7056:
7055:
7051:
7050:
7048:
7046:
7045:
7040:
7034:
7033:
7032:Solspiviridae
7029:
7027:
7026:
7022:
7020:
7019:
7015:
7013:
7012:
7011:Atkinsviridae
7008:
7007:
7005:
7003:
7002:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6991:
6990:Leviviricetes
6986:
6983:
6981:
6980:
6979:Lenarviricota
6975:
6961:
6960:
6959:Tombusviridae
6956:
6954:
6953:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6942:
6941:
6939:
6937:
6936:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6925:
6920:
6910:
6909:
6905:
6903:
6902:
6898:
6897:
6895:
6893:
6892:
6891:Nodamuvirales
6887:
6884:
6882:
6881:
6876:
6866:
6865:
6861:
6860:
6858:
6856:
6855:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6839:
6829:
6828:
6824:
6822:
6821:
6817:
6815:
6814:
6810:
6808:
6807:
6803:
6801:
6800:
6796:
6795:
6793:
6791:
6790:
6785:
6779:
6778:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6760:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6751:
6750:
6746:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6727:
6726:
6721:
6715:
6714:
6713:Matonaviridae
6710:
6708:
6707:
6703:
6701:
6700:
6696:
6694:
6693:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6684:
6683:
6682:Hepelivirales
6678:
6675:
6673:
6672:
6671:Alsuviricetes
6667:
6664:
6662:
6661:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6650:
6649:Orthornavirae
6645:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6634:
6630:
6626:
6620:
6616:
6594:
6593:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6570:
6567:
6566:
6564:
6560:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6527:
6525:
6524:
6520:
6518:
6517:
6516:Amalgaviridae
6513:
6512:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6496:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6485:
6480:
6466:
6465:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6444:
6439:
6429:
6428:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6402:
6392:
6391:
6387:
6385:
6384:
6383:Quadriviridae
6380:
6378:
6377:
6373:
6371:
6370:
6369:Chrysoviridae
6366:
6365:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6359:Ghabrivirales
6355:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6338:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6327:
6326:Orthornavirae
6322:
6319:
6317:
6316:
6311:
6307:
6303:
6302:dsRNA viruses
6297:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6284:
6266:
6265:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6254:
6252:
6251:
6250:Anelloviridae
6246:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6236:
6214:
6213:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6204:
6203:
6202:Haloruvirales
6198:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6147:
6146:
6145:Genomoviridae
6142:
6140:
6139:
6138:Geminiviridae
6135:
6134:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6118:
6113:
6103:
6102:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6093:
6092:
6087:
6081:
6080:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6072:Metaxyviridae
6069:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6058:
6052:
6051:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6036:
6030:
6029:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6020:
6019:
6014:
6008:
6007:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5985:Arfiviricetes
5981:
5978:
5976:
5975:
5970:
5956:
5955:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5945:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5929:
5919:
5918:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5885:Cossaviricota
5881:
5878:
5876:
5875:
5870:
5852:
5851:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5842:
5841:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5803:
5785:
5784:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5773:
5771:
5770:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5759:Tubulavirales
5755:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5702:ssDNA viruses
5697:
5693:
5675:
5674:
5673:Rhizidiovirus
5670:
5668:
5667:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5655:Thaspiviridae
5652:
5650:
5649:
5645:
5643:
5642:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5634:Plasmaviridae
5631:
5629:
5628:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5620:Halspiviridae
5617:
5615:
5614:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5589:
5587:
5586:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5554:
5553:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5536:
5535:
5531:
5529:
5528:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5520:Baculoviridae
5517:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5492:
5488:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5457:Simuloviridae
5454:
5452:
5451:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5408:
5407:Helvetiavirae
5403:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5363:
5362:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5347:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5329:Kalamavirales
5325:
5319:
5318:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5308:
5307:Belfryvirales
5303:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5282:
5281:
5280:Adintoviridae
5277:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5245:
5244:
5243:Lavidaviridae
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5193:
5192:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5145:Imitervirales
5141:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5112:Megaviricetes
5108:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5082:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5016:
4994:
4993:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4960:Sepolyvirales
4956:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4938:Cossaviricota
4934:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4890:
4889:
4888:Zobellviridae
4885:
4883:
4882:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4874:Schitoviridae
4871:
4869:
4868:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4832:Guelinviridae
4829:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4747:
4746:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4738:Herpesviridae
4735:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4721:Herpesvirales
4717:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4699:Peploviricota
4695:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4677:Duplodnaviria
4673:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4599:Tokiviricetes
4595:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4588:Taleaviricota
4584:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4553:dsDNA viruses
4548:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4530:
4526:
4519:
4514:
4512:
4507:
4505:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4484:
4483:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4434:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4397:Viral disease
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4309:Bacteriophage
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4242:Virus latency
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4206:
4196:
4195:Viral protein
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4133:
4128:
4126:
4121:
4119:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4077:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4036:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3956:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3921:(1): 233–47.
3920:
3916:
3912:
3905:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3854:
3846:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3795:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3762:(1): 119–31.
3761:
3757:
3753:
3746:
3744:
3735:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3702:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3669:(6): 419–53.
3668:
3664:
3660:
3653:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3618:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3573:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3532:
3517:
3513:
3507:
3499:
3493:
3489:
3482:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3382:
3380:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3338:
3336:
3327:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3243:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3192:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3135:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3092:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3042:
3040:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2847:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2776:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2751:(2): 201–09.
2750:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2712:(2): 141–50.
2711:
2707:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2610:
2604:
2596:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2577:
2575:
2559:
2557:0-632-04299-0
2553:
2549:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2520:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2421:
2410:
2409:
2408:Rhabdoviridae
2404:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2387:Rhabdoviridae
2383:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2361:Parainfluenza
2356:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2235:Marburg virus
2230:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2104:Amnoonviridae
2100:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2060:Phenuiviridae
2056:
2054:
2053:
2052:Phasmaviridae
2048:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1875:Rhabdoviridae
1871:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1859:Pneumoviridae
1855:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1815:Mymonaviridae
1811:
1809:
1808:Marburg virus
1805:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1736:
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1734:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1699:
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1692:
1691:
1690:
1685:
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1677:
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1666:
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1628:
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1613:
1610:
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1602:
1598:
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1586:
1584:
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1578:
1569:
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1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
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1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1352:Tombusviridae
1349:
1347:
1343:
1342:Sindbis virus
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1254:Fusariviridae
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1210:Norwalk virus
1207:
1206:Caliciviridae
1203:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1048:Mesoniviridae
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:Coronaviridae
1007:
1005:
1004:Arteriviridae
1001:
1000:
999:
995:
994:
993:
989:
975:
974:
970:
968:
967:
963:
961:
960:
956:
954:
953:
949:
947:
946:
942:
940:
939:
935:
934:
932:
930:
926:
924:
923:Quadriviridae
920:
918:
914:
912:
908:
904:
902:
898:
896:
892:
890:
886:
884:
880:
878:
874:
872:
868:
866:
865:Chrysoviridae
862:
860:
856:
854:
853:Amalgaviridae
850:
849:
848:
844:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
797:
795:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
754:Caliciviridae
750:
741:
738:
735:
733:
729:
725:
724:retroelements
721:
717:
707:
703:
701:
696:
690:(Rubivirata).
688:
684:
680:
679:
678:
675:
673:
672:
668:
664:
663:
662:Orthornavirae
658:
657:
652:
651:
650:Lenarviricota
646:
645:
640:
633:
628:
626:
621:
615:
613:
609:
604:
594:
591:
583:
573:
568:
566:
562:
556:
552:
551:
544:
535:
534:
526:
524:
520:
519:
518:Coronaviridae
514:
510:
509:
504:
503:
498:
494:
490:
489:
484:
480:
476:
475:
469:
465:
458:Recombination
455:
453:
449:
445:
437:
433:
430:
426:
423:
422:
421:
413:
404:
402:
398:
394:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
355:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
303:
298:
288:
286:
282:
278:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
242:
240:
239:
238:Pospiviroidae
234:
233:
228:
227:
222:
218:
217:
216:Orthornavirae
212:
211:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
59:
49:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
9097:Viral vector
8940:Gerontoplast
8867:Transpoviron
8639:Nucleic acid
8625:Fungal prion
8523:Helper-virus
8510:
8503:
8410:
8403:
8277:
8269:Ortervirales
8267:
8255:
8245:
8234:
8223:
8214:Pararnavirae
8212:
8201:
8149:Retroviridae
8147:
8140:
8133:
8126:
8118:Ortervirales
8116:
8105:
8094:
8085:Pararnavirae
8083:
8072:
8005:
7995:
7984:
7970:Xinmoviridae
7968:
7961:
7954:
7947:
7940:
7935:Nyamiviridae
7933:
7926:
7921:Lispiviridae
7919:
7912:
7907:Bornaviridae
7905:
7898:
7888:
7876:
7871:Myriaviridae
7869:
7862:
7855:
7850:Aliusviridae
7848:
7838:
7827:
7811:
7801:
7790:
7774:
7767:
7757:
7746:
7730:
7725:Tospoviridae
7723:
7716:
7709:
7702:
7697:Nairoviridae
7695:
7688:
7681:
7676:Hantaviridae
7674:
7667:
7662:Arenaviridae
7660:
7655:Cruliviridae
7653:
7645:Bunyavirales
7643:
7632:
7616:
7606:
7595:
7584:
7573:
7562:
7516:
7509:
7505:
7481:Astroviridae
7479:
7469:
7457:
7447:
7436:
7420:
7415:Barnaviridae
7413:
7406:
7396:
7384:
7377:
7370:
7363:
7356:
7349:
7344:Marnaviridae
7342:
7335:
7325:
7313:
7306:
7301:Olifoviridae
7299:
7292:
7285:
7278:
7271:
7264:
7257:
7250:
7243:
7236:
7229:
7222:
7212:
7201:
7192:Pisuviricota
7190:
7170:
7162:Ourlivirales
7160:
7151:Miaviricetes
7149:
7133:
7123:
7112:
7098:Narnaviridae
7096:
7086:
7075:
7059:
7054:Blumeviridae
7052:
7044:Timlovirales
7042:
7030:
7025:Fiersviridae
7023:
7016:
7009:
7001:Norzivirales
6999:
6988:
6977:
6957:
6952:Luteoviridae
6950:
6943:
6933:
6922:
6906:
6899:
6889:
6878:
6864:Flaviviridae
6862:
6852:
6841:
6825:
6818:
6811:
6804:
6797:
6787:
6777:Virgaviridae
6775:
6768:
6761:
6754:
6747:
6740:
6735:Bromoviridae
6733:
6723:
6711:
6704:
6697:
6690:
6680:
6669:
6658:
6647:
6636:
6590:
6586:
6579:
6574:Birnaviridae
6572:
6568:
6542:
6535:
6528:
6521:
6514:
6506:Durnavirales
6504:
6493:
6484:Pisuviricota
6482:
6464:Cystoviridae
6462:
6454:Mindivirales
6452:
6441:
6425:
6415:
6404:
6388:
6381:
6374:
6367:
6357:
6346:
6335:
6324:
6313:
6286:
6264:Spiraviridae
6262:
6255:
6248:
6244:
6210:
6200:
6189:
6180:Saleviricota
6178:
6167:
6143:
6136:
6126:
6115:
6099:
6091:Recrevirales
6089:
6077:
6070:
6062:Mulpavirales
6060:
6050:Smacoviridae
6048:
6040:Cremevirales
6038:
6028:Circoviridae
6026:
6018:Cirlivirales
6016:
6004:
5996:Baphyvirales
5994:
5983:
5972:
5954:Parvoviridae
5952:
5944:Piccovirales
5942:
5931:
5917:Bidnaviridae
5915:
5905:
5896:Mouviricetes
5894:
5883:
5874:Shotokuvirae
5872:
5850:Microviridae
5848:
5840:Petitvirales
5838:
5827:
5818:Phixviricota
5816:
5805:
5781:
5774:
5767:
5757:
5746:
5735:
5724:
5715:Monodnaviria
5713:
5671:
5666:Dinodnavirus
5664:
5660:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5632:
5627:Ovaliviridae
5625:
5618:
5613:Guttaviridae
5611:
5604:
5597:
5592:Clavaviridae
5590:
5583:
5576:
5572:
5550:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5508:
5497:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5438:
5427:
5416:
5405:
5381:
5371:
5361:Adenoviridae
5359:
5349:
5339:Tectiviridae
5337:
5327:
5317:Turriviridae
5315:
5305:
5294:
5278:
5268:
5257:
5241:
5231:
5220:
5209:
5189:
5184:Iridoviridae
5182:
5175:
5165:
5153:
5143:
5131:
5121:
5110:
5094:
5086:Chitovirales
5084:
5074:Asfarviridae
5072:
5062:
5051:
5040:
5031:Bamfordvirae
5029:
5020:Varidnaviria
5018:
4990:
4980:
4968:
4958:
4947:
4936:
4927:Shotokuvirae
4925:
4916:Monodnaviria
4914:
4886:
4881:Siphoviridae
4879:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4811:Chaseviridae
4809:
4802:
4795:
4787:Caudovirales
4785:
4774:
4763:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4719:
4708:
4697:
4686:
4675:
4647:
4639:Primavirales
4637:
4625:
4618:
4608:
4597:
4586:
4575:
4564:
4480:
4468:
4456:
4444:
4360:Viral vector
4355:Helper virus
4319:Human virome
4304:Animal virus
4283:Reassortment
4159:Introduction
4139:Microbiology
4049:
4045:
4035:
4023:. Retrieved
4010:
4002:
3996:
3969:
3965:
3955:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3867:
3863:
3853:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3759:
3755:
3715:
3711:
3701:
3666:
3662:
3652:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3519:. Retrieved
3515:
3506:
3490:. Springer.
3487:
3481:
3446:
3442:
3432:
3395:
3391:
3351:
3347:
3299:
3295:
3285:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3148:
3144:
3134:
3107:
3103:
3055:
3051:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2952:
2948:
2938:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2836:Microbiology
2835:
2789:
2785:
2775:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2687:
2675:
2638:
2634:
2624:
2612:. Retrieved
2603:
2583:
2561:. Retrieved
2546:
2539:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2498:
2406:
2385:
2364:
2343:
2322:
2301:
2280:
2259:
2238:
2219:Bunyaviridae
2217:
2198:Arenaviridae
2196:
2177:Arenaviridae
2175:
2138:
2114:
2102:
2094:
2086:
2074:
2068:Tospoviridae
2066:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2036:Nairoviridae
2034:
2026:
2020:Hantaviridae
2018:
2010:
2002:
1996:Cruliviridae
1994:
1984:Arenaviridae
1982:
1976:Bunyavirales
1974:
1966:
1958:
1944:
1936:
1928:
1907:Chengtivirus
1886:
1873:
1857:
1848:Hendra virus
1829:
1823:Nyamiviridae
1821:
1813:
1797:
1787:Bornaviridae
1785:
1777:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1739:
1731:
1723:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1673:
1630:
1616:
1576:
1430:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1398:
1390:
1382:
1374:
1366:
1358:Virgaviridae
1294:Narnaviridae
1278:Luteoviridae
1244:Dengue fever
1232:Yellow fever
1228:Flaviviridae
1200:Bromoviridae
1182:Barnaviridae
1176:Astroviridae
1080:Marnaviridae
991:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
936:
871:Cystoviridae
859:Birnaviridae
846:
827:Macronovirus
803:
791:
781:
777:
774:Cystoviridae
773:
770:Birnaviridae
769:
765:
761:
758:Flaviviridae
757:
753:
751:
747:
739:
736:
713:
704:
697:
693:
676:
669:
660:
656:Pisuviricota
654:
648:
642:
636:
616:
605:
601:
586:
580:January 2021
577:
570:Please help
558:
547:
516:
506:
500:
488:Retroviridae
486:
472:
461:
444:Retroviruses
442:
419:
410:
376:proofreading
361:
308:
253:
236:
232:Asunviroidae
230:
224:
214:
208:
206:
200:which cause
192:, including
190:retroviruses
177:
169:
165:
161:
155:
119:Dengue virus
87:nucleic acid
66:
64:
46:January 2021
43:
35:
18:
9159:RNA viruses
9121:Cancer cell
8987:Abiogenesis
8935:Chromoplast
8930:Chloroplast
8713:Degradative
8455:dsRNA virus
8450:ssDNA virus
8443:Giant virus
8438:dsDNA virus
8135:Metaviridae
7914:Filoviridae
7900:Artoviridae
7813:Aspiviridae
7690:Mypoviridae
7669:Fimoviridae
7459:Potyviridae
7372:Secoviridae
7365:Iflaviridae
7308:Roniviridae
7214:Nidovirales
7135:Mitoviridae
7018:Duinviridae
6935:Tolivirales
6901:Nodaviridae
6827:Tymoviridae
6789:Tymovirales
6770:Togaviridae
6763:Mayoviridae
6756:Kitaviridae
6706:Hepeviridae
6699:Benyviridae
6530:Hypoviridae
6390:Totiviridae
6079:Nanoviridae
5907:Polivirales
5807:Sangervirae
5552:Nimaviridae
5534:Nudiviridae
5510:Lefavirales
5373:Vinavirales
5351:Rowavirales
5177:Ascoviridae
5155:Mimiviridae
5123:Algavirales
5064:Asfuvirales
4853:Podoviridae
4765:Uroviricota
4627:Rudiviridae
4577:Zilligvirae
4482:WikiProject
4350:Giant virus
4329:Plant virus
4247:Lytic cycle
4222:Viral entry
4093:RNA Viruses
4025:13 November
3756:Virus Genes
3516:ictv.global
3052:GigaScience
2474:DNA viruses
2319:Mumps virus
2261:Filoviridae
2256:Ebola virus
2240:Filoviridae
2172:Lassa virus
2145:Hepatitis D
2143:– includes
2012:Fimoviridae
2004:Feraviridae
1989:Lassa virus
1987:– includes
1919:Wastrivirus
1913:Crustavirus
1878:– includes
1862:– includes
1844:Nipah virus
1840:Mumps virus
1834:– includes
1802:– includes
1799:Filoviridae
1741:Aspiviridae
1601:Papanivirus
1589:Albetovirus
1558:Secalivirus
1533:Picalivirus
1523:Orsay virus
1488:Hepelivirus
1448:Bastrovirus
1432:Sobemovirus
1416:Polemovirus
1408:Ourmiavirus
1368:Blunervirus
1332:– includes
1330:Togaviridae
1312:Potyviridae
1300:Nodaviridae
1280:– includes
1272:Leviviridae
1266:Hypoviridae
1260:Hepeviridae
1230:– includes
1208:– includes
1188:Benyviridae
1159:Unassigned
1153:Tymoviridae
1129:Tymovirales
1109:Comovirinae
1105:Secoviridae
1098:Hepatitis A
1088:– includes
1074:Iflaviridae
1054:Roniviridae
1012:– includes
998:Nidovirales
917:Totiviridae
883:Hypoviridae
821:. A family—
815:Papanivirus
807:Albetovirus
778:Nodaviridae
574:if you can.
432:translating
416:Replication
378:ability of
368:DNA viruses
339:rotaviruses
277:transcribed
127:hepatitis E
123:hepatitis C
89:is usually
9153:Categories
9029:Proteinoid
9024:Coacervate
8977:Nitroplast
8970:Trophosome
8965:Bacteriome
8950:Apicoplast
8945:Leucoplast
8786:Chromosome
8704:Resistance
8412:Parakaryon
8007:Yueviridae
7963:Sunviridae
7857:Chuviridae
7618:Qinviridae
7499:Unassigned
6562:Unassigned
6427:Reoviridae
6417:Reovirales
6238:Unassigned
6169:Trapavirae
5769:Inoviridae
5566:Unassigned
5544:Unassigned
5490:Unassigned
5096:Poxviridae
4846:Myoviridae
4427:Virosphere
4402:Viral load
4392:Satellites
4178:Components
3811:(1): 154.
3208:(9): 859.
2867:: 409–33.
2531:References
2469:Retrovirus
2214:Hantavirus
2140:Deltavirus
2028:Jonviridae
1957:Subphylum
1946:Yueviridae
1895:Anphevirus
1888:Sunviridae
1769:Chuviridae
1713:Qinviridae
1686:Subphylum
1607:Virtovirus
1595:Aumaivirus
1513:Niflavirus
1424:Sinaivirus
1392:Idaeovirus
1384:Higrevirus
1324:Statovirus
1248:Zika virus
1094:Rhinovirus
1090:Poliovirus
1042:SARS-CoV-2
1038:SARS-CoV-1
907:Reoviridae
831:arthropods
819:Virtovirus
811:Aumaivirus
794:arthropods
720:eukaryotes
625:Reoviridae
620:lentivirus
502:Reoviridae
483:poliovirus
439:ribosomes.
268:translated
226:Deltavirus
186:life cycle
75:retrovirus
9038:Research
9019:Protocell
8758:Retrozyme
8717:Virulence
8699:Fertility
8546:Virophage
8534:Satellite
8525:dependent
8377:Eukaryota
8203:Riboviria
8074:Riboviria
7608:Muvirales
7564:Riboviria
6638:Riboviria
6315:Riboviria
5726:Loebvirae
4566:Adnaviria
4525:Baltimore
4387:Oncovirus
4324:Mycovirus
4314:Virophage
4237:Viroplasm
3587:CiteSeerX
3183:207745438
3167:2327-0578
2693:2019.009G
2691:TaxoProp
2681:2019.006G
2679:TaxoProp
2512:Riboviria
2508:Riboviria
2504:2017.006G
2277:Influenza
2121:Influenza
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1400:Negevirus
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1030:HCoV-OC43
1026:HCoV-NL63
1022:HCoV-HKU1
1018:HCoV-229E
911:Rotavirus
728:proteases
716:helicases
710:Evolution
671:Riboviria
565:DNA virus
561:riboviria
485:. In the
452:integrase
429:ribosomes
374:lack the
285:Ambisense
210:Riboviria
162:Group III
103:influenza
81:) as its
67:RNA virus
9065:Organism
9058:See also
9034:Sulphobe
9011:Ribozyme
9006:RNA life
8913:Mitosome
8857:Prophage
8852:Provirus
8840:Replicon
8796:Circular
8743:Phagemid
8660:Mobilome
8652:elements
8562:Virusoid
8485:Subviral
8397:Protista
8382:Animalia
8367:Bacteria
7506:Families
6569:Families
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4458:Category
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2816:20660197
2767:23099204
2745:Virology
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2667:32341570
2614:11 April
2563:30 March
2417:See also
1119:Species
1034:MERS-CoV
730:and DNA
610:and the
548:require
481:), e.g.
479:(+)ssRNA
388:vaccines
364:mutation
319:bacteria
178:Group VI
166:Group IV
115:COVID-19
9047:Jeewanu
8961:Organs
8925:Plastid
8725:Cryptic
8694:Plasmid
8392:Plantae
8372:Archaea
4470:Commons
4297:By host
4154:History
4067:2682064
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3836:3724706
3813:Bibcode
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3249:Science
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3202:Viruses
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2957:Bibcode
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2881:3318675
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2298:Measles
2158:Gallery
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2101:Family
2065:Family
2057:Family
2049:Family
2041:Family
2033:Family
2025:Family
2017:Family
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1981:Family
1943:Family
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1322:Family
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1198:Family
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857:Family
851:Family
805:plants—
608:viroids
550:cleanup
468:genomes
172:of the
170:Group V
151:measles
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9138:Virome
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8813:Genome
8791:Linear
8736:Fosmid
8731:Cosmid
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