Renminbi - Knowledge

4433:, reported that China had re-pegged the renminbi. In his article, he narrated that "Weak trade data out of China, released over the weekend, weighed on the currencies of Australia and New Zealand on Monday. But the yuan didn't budge. Indeed, the Chinese currency, also known as the renminbi, has been remarkably steady over the past month despite the huge selloff in China's stock market and a spate of disappointing economic data. Market strategists, including Simon Derrick, chief currency strategist at BNY Mellon, and Marc Chandler, head currency strategist at Brown Brothers Harriman, said that is because China's policy makers have effectively re-pegged the yuan. “When I look at the dollar-renminbi right now, that looks like a fixed exchange rate again. They’ve re-pegged it,” Chandler said." 4732: 12708: 4920: 1949: 684: 12744: 12696: 4367: 562: 1856: 9263: 1372: 9071: 9287: 8999: 10657: 10011: 9624: 9391: 9275: 12732: 2366:(an American non-profit advocacy group), their contents shed light on Beijing's mounting efforts to digitise the renminbi, which has sparked alarm in the West and spurred central bankers around the world to begin exploring similar projects. Some commentators have said that the U.S., which has no current plans to issue a government-backed digital currency, risks falling behind China and risking its dominance in the global financial system. 4581: 2452: 1896: 1393: 10667: 12720: 4723:

that renminbi's function as international reserve currency has gradually emerged. In the first quarter 2020, the share of renminbi in global foreign exchange reserves rose to 2.02%, a record high. As of the end of 2019, the People's Bank of China has set up renminbi clearing banks in 25 countries and regions outside of mainland China, which has made the use of renminbi more secure and transaction costs have decreased.

4333: 4310: 4174: 4095: 4011: 3984: 3957: 3873: 3846: 3819: 3792: 3765: 3738: 3711: 3684: 3657: 3630: 3603: 3576: 3549: 3522: 3495: 3468: 3441: 3414: 3387: 3360: 3333: 3306: 3279: 2808: 2652:. It introduced notes in denominations of ¥1, ¥5, ¥10, ¥20, ¥50, ¥100 and ¥1,000 yuan. Notes for ¥200, ¥500, ¥5,000 and ¥10,000 followed in 1949, with ¥50,000 notes added in 1950. A total of 62 different designs were issued. The notes were officially withdrawn on various dates between 1 April and 10 May 1955. The name "first series" was given retroactively in 1950, after work began to design a new series. 2820: 4284: 4258: 4227: 4201: 4148: 4122: 4069: 4038: 3926: 3900: 2852: 2191:. Foreign currencies were exchangeable for FECs and vice versa at the renminbi's prevailing official rate which ranged from US$ 1 = ¥2.8 FEC to ¥5.5 FEC. The FEC was issued as banknotes from ¥0.1 to ¥100, and was officially at par with the renminbi. Tourists used FECs to pay for accommodation as well as tourist and luxury goods sold in 2732:¥20 was introduced for this series. A revised series of coins of ¥0.1, ¥0.5 and ¥1 and banknotes of ¥1, ¥10, ¥20 and ¥50 were issued for general circulation on 30 August 2019. The ¥5 banknote of the fifth series was issued in November 2020 with new printing technology in a bid to reduce counterfeiting of Chinese currency. 2359:’ being considered by the DCEP working group. Some patents show plans towards programmed inflation control mechanisms. While the majority of the patents are attributed to the PBOC's Digital Currency Research Institute, some are attributed to state-owned corporations or subsidiaries of the Chinese central government. 7149: 4501:

registered. The maximum dollar withdrawal is $ 10,000 per day, the maximum purchase limit of US dollars is $ 500 per day. This stringent management of the currency leads to a bottled-up demand for exchange in both directions. It is viewed as a major tool to keep the currency peg, preventing inflows of "

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However, the peg was reinstituted unofficially when the financial crisis hit: "Under intense pressure from Washington, China took small steps to allow its currency to strengthen for three years starting in July 2005. But China 're-pegged' its currency to the dollar as the financial crisis intensified

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on all banknotes, in place of the various leaders, workers and representations of China's ethnic groups which had been featured previously. During this series new security features were added, the ¥2 denomination was discontinued, the colour pattern for each note was changed and a new denomination of

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languages on the back, which has since appeared in each series of renminbi notes. The denominations available in banknotes were ¥0.01, ¥0.02, ¥0.05, ¥0.1, ¥0.2, ¥0.5, ¥1, ¥2, ¥3, ¥5 and ¥10. Except for the three fen denominations and the ¥3 which were withdrawn, notes in these denominations continued

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approved a comprehensive reform strategy in which foreign exchange management reforms were highlighted as a key element for a market-oriented economy. A floating exchange rate regime and convertibility for renminbi were seen as the ultimate goal of the reform. Conditional convertibility under current

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developed for FECs where touts approached tourists outside hotels and offered over ¥1.50 RMB in exchange for ¥1 FEC. In 1994, as a result of foreign exchange management reforms approved by the 14th CPC Central Committee, the renminbi was officially devalued from US$ 1 = ¥5.5 to over ¥8, and

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Before 2009, the renminbi had little to no exposure in the international markets because of strict government controls by the central Chinese government that prohibited almost all export of the currency, or use of it in international transactions. Transactions between Chinese companies and a foreign

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and coins was progressively introduced from its introduction in 1999. This series also bears the issue years 2005 (all except ¥1), 2015 (¥100 only) and 2019 (¥1, ¥10, ¥20 and ¥50). As of 2019, it includes banknotes for ¥1, ¥5, ¥10, ¥20, ¥50 and ¥100. Significantly, the fifth series uses the portrait

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In the late 1980s and early 1990s, China worked to make the renminbi more convertible. Through the use of swap centres, the exchange rate was eventually brought to more realistic levels of above ¥8/US$ 1 in 1994 and the FEC was discontinued. It stayed above ¥8/$ 1 until 2005 when the renminbi's peg

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As early as October 1980, exporting firms that retained foreign exchange above their own import needs were allowed to sell the excess through the state agency responsible for the management of China's exchange controls and its foreign exchange reserves, the State Administration of Exchange Control.

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The renminbi reached a record high exchange value of ¥6.0395 to the US dollar on 14 January 2014. Chinese leadership have been raising the yuan to tame inflation, a step U.S. officials have pushed for years to lower the massive trade deficit with China. Strengthening the value of the renminbi also

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Since currency flows in and out of mainland China are still restricted, renminbi traded in off-shore markets, such as the Hong Kong market, can have a different value to renminbi traded on the mainland. The offshore RMB market is usually denoted as CNH, but there is another renminbi interbank and

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In Africa, the central banks of Ghana, Nigeria, and South Africa either hold renminbi as a reserve currency or have taken steps to purchase bonds denominated in renminbi. The "Report on the Internationalization of RMB in 2020", which was released by the People's Bank of China in August 2020, said

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Beginning in January 2010, Chinese and non-Chinese citizens have an annual exchange limit of a maximum of US$ 50,000. Currency exchange will only proceed if the applicant appears in person at the relevant bank and presents their passport or Chinese ID. Currency exchange transactions are centrally

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On 19 June 2010, the People's Bank of China released a statement simultaneously in Chinese and English claiming that they would "proceed further with reform of the renminbi exchange rate regime and increase the renminbi exchange rate flexibility". The news was greeted with praise by world leaders

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to the U.S. dollar at ¥2.46 per dollar. During the 1970s, it was revalued until it reached ¥1.50 per dollar in 1980. When China's economy gradually opened in the 1980s, the renminbi was devalued in order to improve the competitiveness of Chinese exports. Thus, the official exchange rate increased

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was introduced on 15 April 1962, though many denominations were dated 1960. New dates would be issued as stocks of older dates were gradually depleted. The sizes and design layout of the notes had changed but not the order of colours for each denomination. For the next two decades, the second and

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As of 2019, renminbi banknotes are available in denominations of ¥0.1, ¥0.5 (1 and 5 jiao), ¥1, ¥5, ¥10, ¥20, ¥50 and ¥100. These denominations have been available since 1955, except for the ¥20 notes (added in 1999 with the fifth series) ¥50 and ¥100 notes (added in 1987 with the fourth series).

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approved a system allowing exporters and their provincial and local government owners to retain a share of their foreign exchange earnings, referred to as foreign exchange quotas. At the same time, the government introduced measures to allow retention of part of the foreign exchange earnings from

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The frequency of usage of coins varies between different parts of China, with coins typically being more popular in urban areas (with 5-jiǎo and 1-yuán coins used in vending machines), and small notes being more popular in rural areas. Older fēn and large jiǎo coins are uncommonly still seen in

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steel), and ¥1 (nickel-plated steel) were again introduced in between 1999 and 2002. The ¥0.1 was significantly reduced in size, and in 2005 its composition was changed from aluminium to more durable nickel-plated steel. An updated version of these coins was announced in 2019. While the overall

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report which stated "A sovereign digital currency provides a functional alternative to the dollar settlement system and blunts the impact of any sanctions or threats of exclusion both at a country and company level. It may also facilitate integration into globally traded currency markets with a

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was introduced between 1987 and 1997, although the banknotes were dated 1980, 1990, or 1996. They were withdrawn from circulation on 1 May 2019. Banknotes are available in denominations of ¥0.1, ¥0.2, ¥0.5, ¥1, ¥2, ¥5, ¥10, ¥50 and ¥100. Like previous issues, the colour designation for already

2314:. The announcement received a variety of responses: some believe it is more about domestic control and surveillance. Some argue that the real barriers to internationalisation of the renminbi are China's capital controls, which it has no plans to remove. Maximilian Kärnfelt, an expert at the 2135:

strategy. During this time frame, the focus of the state's central planning was to accelerate industrial development and reduce China's dependence on imported manufactured goods. The overvaluation allowed the government to provide imported machinery and equipment to priority industries at a

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Coins are available in denominations from ¥0.01 to ¥1 (¥0.01–1). Thus some denominations exist in both coins and banknotes. On rare occasions, larger yuan coin denominations such as ¥5 have been issued to commemorate events but use of these outside of collecting has never been widespread.

2613:¥1. These were smaller than the previous jiǎo and yuán coins and depicted flowers on the obverse and the national emblem on the reverse. Issuance of the aluminium ¥0.01 and ¥0.02 coins ceased in 1991, with that of the ¥0.05 halting in 1994. The small coins were still struck for annual 6772: 2339:, include proposals related to the issuance and supply of a central bank digital currency, a system for interbank settlements that uses the currency, and the integration of digital currency wallets into existing retail bank accounts. Several of the 84 patents reviewed by the 2382:, said that the digital renminbi "will hardly put a dent in the dollar's status as the dominant global reserve currency" due to the United States' "economic dominance, deep and liquid capital markets, and still-robust institutional framework". The U.S. dollar's share as a 7139: 5590: 4778:

remain the legal tenders in the two territories, and the renminbi, although sometimes accepted, is not legal tender. Banks in Hong Kong allow people to maintain accounts in RMB. Because of changes in legislation in July 2010, banks around the world offer

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denominations have become increasingly unnecessary as prices have increased. Coins under ¥0.1 are used infrequently. Chinese retailers tend to avoid fractional values (such as ¥9.99), opting instead to round to the nearest yuan (such as ¥9 or ¥10).

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estimated that, by purchasing power parity, one International dollar was equivalent to approximately ¥3.462 in 2006, ¥3.621 in 2007, ¥3.798 in 2008, ¥3.872 in 2009, ¥3.922 in 2010, ¥3.946 in 2011, ¥3.952 in 2012, ¥3.944 in 2013 and ¥3.937 in

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is going to be released after years of preparation. This version of the currency, also called DCEP (Digital Currency Electronic Payment), can be “decoupled” from the banking system to give visiting tourists a taste of the nation's burgeoning

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Currency restrictions regarding renminbi-denominated bank deposits and financial products were greatly liberalised in July 2010. In 2010 renminbi-denominated bonds were reported to have been purchased by Malaysia's central bank and that

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The People's Bank of China lowered the renminbi's daily fix to the US dollar by 1.9 per cent to ¥6.2298 on 11 August 2015. The People's Bank of China again lowered the renminbi's daily fix to the US dollar from ¥6.620 to ¥6.6375 after

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of foreign currencies. In July 2005, the daily trading price of the US dollar against the renminbi in the inter-bank foreign exchange market was allowed to float within a narrow band of 0.3% around the central parity published by the

2374:, said that merely introducing a digital currency "doesn't solve the problem that some people holding renminbi offshore will want to sell that renminbi and exchange it for the dollar", as the dollar is considered to be a safer asset. 4632:

nations. Proving a success, the program was further extended to 20 Chinese provinces and counterparties internationally in July 2010, and in September 2011 it was announced that the remaining 11 Chinese provinces would be included.

4454:; in a later announcement published on 18 May 2007, the band was extended to 0.5%. On 14 April 2012, the band was extended to 1.0%. On 17 March 2014, the band was extended to 2%. China has stated that the basket is dominated by the 4508:

A shift of Chinese reserves into the currencies of their other trading partners has caused these nations to shift more of their reserves into dollars, leading to no great change in the value of the renminbi against the dollar.

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of Hong Kong. Such liberalisation allows the yuan to look more attractive as it can be held with higher return on investment yields, whereas previously that yield was virtually none. Nevertheless, some national banks such as

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from ¥1.50 in 1980 to ¥8.62 by 1994 (the lowest rate on record). Improving current account balance during the latter half of the 1990s enabled the Chinese government to maintain a peg of ¥8.27 per US$ 1 from 1997 to 2005.

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Tim F. Liao and Cuntong Wang, 'The Changing Face of Money: Forging Collective Memory with Chinese Banknote Designs’, China Review vol. 18, no. 2, Special themed section: Frontiers and Ethnic Groups in China (May 2018):

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in December 1948, about a year before the establishment of the People's Republic of China. It was issued only in paper form at first, and replaced the various currencies circulating in the areas controlled by the

6339: 2318:, said that a digital renminbi "would not banish many of the problems holding the renminbi back from more use globally". He went on to say, "Much of China's financial market is still not open to foreigners and 2703:

third series banknotes were used concurrently. The denominations were of ¥0.1, ¥0.2, ¥0.5, ¥1, ¥2, ¥5 and ¥10. The third series was phased out during the 1990s and then was recalled completely on 1 July 2000.

2595:¥1 coins were added, although the ¥0.1 and ¥0.2 were only produced until 1981, with the last ¥0.5 and ¥1 issued in 1985. All jiǎo coins depicted similar designs to the fēn coins while the yuán depicted the 4694:(BOT) have expressed a serious concern about renminbi since BOT cannot substitute the deprecated US dollars in its US$ 200 billion foreign exchange reserves for renminbi as much as it wishes because: 5278: 4911:

has allowed renminbi-denominated financial markets to develop in Hong Kong as part of the effort to internationalise the renminbi. There is limited (under 1%) issuing of renminbi bonds in Indonesia.

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maintained there would be no "large swings" in the currency. The renminbi rose to its highest level in five years and markets worldwide surged on Monday, 21 June following China's announcement.

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The most important move to a market-oriented exchange rate was an easing of controls on trade and other current account transactions, as occurred in several very early steps. In 1979, the

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The government also gradually allowed market forces to take the dominant role by introducing an "internal settlement rate" of ¥2.8 to 1 US dollar which was a devaluation of almost 100%.

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or digital currency wallets that banking consumers could potentially use, which would be linked directly to their bank accounts. The patent filings also point to the proposed ‘

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account was achieved by allowing firms to surrender their foreign exchange earning from current account transactions and purchase foreign exchange as needed. Restrictions on

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On 10 April 2008, it traded at ¥6.9920 per US dollar, which was the first time in more than a decade that a dollar had bought less than ¥7, and at ¥11.03630 per euro.

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to follow soon. In September 2023, the Renminbi passed the euro as the second most utilized currency in international trade, having tripled in the last three years.

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Countries that are left-leaning in the political spectrum had already begun to use the renminbi as an alternative reserve currency to the United States dollar; the

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existing denominations remained in effect. The second to fourth series of renminbi banknotes were designed by professors at the Central Academy of Art including

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In commemoration of the 70th Anniversary of the issuance of the Renminbi, the People's Bank of China issued 120 million ¥50 banknotes on 28 December 2018.

10202: 9891: 7876: 6927: 1797:'piece') is usually used when discussing money and "renminbi" or "yuan" are rarely heard. Similarly, Mandarin speakers typically use mao (Chinese: 6104:

Schwartz, Peter J. 'The Ideological Antecedents of the First-Series Renminbi Worker-and�Peasant Banknote or What Mao Tse-tung May Have Owed to Dziga Vertov’.

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In 1999, a commemorative red ¥50 note was issued in honour of the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the People's Republic of China. This note features

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and Kunshan. The Baoding facility is the largest facility in the world dedicated to developing banknote material according to its website. In addition, the

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in limited quantities, and from the beginning of 2005, the ¥0.01 coin got a new lease on life by being issued again every year since then up to present.

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introduced in 1889. Various banknotes denominated in dollars or yuan were also introduced, which were convertible to silver dollars until 1935 when the

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On 21 July 2005, the peg was finally lifted, which saw an immediate one-time renminbi revaluation to ¥8.11 per dollar. The exchange rate against the

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In the process of opening up China to external trade and tourism, transactions with foreign visitors between 1980 and 1994 were done primarily using

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has its own printing technology research division that researches new techniques for creating banknotes and making counterfeiting more difficult.

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Article 18: National laws shall not be applied in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region except for those listed in Annex III to this Law.

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in 1998, China has been concerned that the Chinese financial system would not be able to handle the potential rapid cross-border movements of

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In June 2009 the Chinese officials announced a pilot scheme where business and trade transactions were allowed between limited businesses in

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facilities around the country to produce banknotes and coins for subsequent distribution. Banknote printing facilities are based in Beijing,

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Article 18: National laws shall not be applied in the Macao Special Administrative Region except for those listed in Annex m to this Law.

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The Chinese government still lacks deep and wide vision about how to perform fund-raising to handle international loans at global levels.

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In commemoration of the 2024 Chinese New Year, the People's Bank of China issued ¥20 commemorative banknotes in polymer in January 2024.

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Beginning in the mid-1980s, the government sanctioned foreign exchange markets, known as swap centres, eventually in most large cities.

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On 26 November 2015, the People's Bank of China issued a blue ¥100 commemorative note to commemorate aerospace science and technology.

7338: 6721: 1204:. The Chinese government has announced that it will gradually increase the flexibility of the exchange rate. As a result of the rapid 10777: 10126: 7902: 6445: 4953: 2678:

was introduced on 1 March 1955 (but dated 1953). Each note has the words "People's Bank of China" as well as the denomination in the

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had the most readable minority languages text, but no Zhuang text on it. Its issue of ¥0.1–0.5 even highlighted the Mongolian text.

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Other renminbi markets include the dollar-settled non-deliverable forward (NDF), and the trade-settlement exchange rate (CNT).

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China's transition by the mid-1990s to a system in which the value of its currency was determined by supply and demand in a

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From 1949 until the late 1970s, the state fixed China's exchange rate at a highly overvalued level as part of the country's

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on the obverse and the reverse features the China Millennium monument (at the Center for Cultural and Scientific Fairs).

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design is unchanged, all coins including the ¥0.5 are now of nickel-plated steel, and the ¥1 coin was reduced in size.

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basket, the basket of currencies used by the IMF as a reserve currency. Its initial weighting in the basket was 10.9%.

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A set of numeral characters used traditionally in financial and accounting settings, not used in daily writing; see

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technology. The patents reveal the extent of China's digital currency plans. The patents, seen and verified by the

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again devalued their country's currency. As of 1 September 2015, the exchange rate for US$ 1 is ¥6.38.

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The Chinese government has not taken full responsibilities and commitments on economic affairs at global levels.

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In May 2023, RMB interest rate swaps was launched. In June 2023, under the Government Green Bond Programme, the

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reduced risk of politically inspired disruption." There were talks of testing out the digital renminbi in the

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Since 2007, renminbi-nominated bonds have been issued outside mainland China; these are colloquially called "

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voted to designate the renminbi as one of several main world currencies, thus including it in the basket of

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began to issue a unified currency in 1948 for use in Communist-controlled territories. Also denominated in

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was a gradual process spanning 15 years that involved changes in the official exchange rate, the use of a

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The renminbi had a presence in Macau even before the 1999 return to the People's Republic of China from

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As of 2023, there have been five series of renminbi banknotes issued by the People's Republic of China:

2248:. The ultimate goal has been to make the renminbi fully convertible. However, partly in response to the 12686: 12012: 11892: 11648: 11602: 11585: 11568: 11315: 11279: 11126: 10701: 10559: 10501: 10449: 10305: 10247: 9722: 9712: 9562: 9492: 9425: 7813: 7483: 7069: 7042: 4375: 1141: 535: 7398: 2046:(KMT) era. That achieved, a revaluation occurred in 1955 at the rate of 1 new yuan = 10,000 old yuan. 12799: 12615: 12207: 12031: 11912: 11865: 11809: 11274: 11219: 10946: 10832: 10759: 10660: 10414: 10184: 10121: 10029: 10001: 9997: 9867: 9852: 9754: 9707: 9697: 9597: 9357: 8308: 8013: 7447: 6956: 6897: 5449: 4963: 4716: 4715:

reported in 2011 to have US$ 91 million worth of renminbi in reserves, and the president of the

4606: 4451: 4423: 4387: 3148: 2658: 2649: 2469: 2302: 2058: 2030: 1913: 1410: 1090: 924: 703: 409: 7424: 5017: 2200:

the FEC was retired at ¥1 FEC = ¥1 RMB in favour of tourists directly using the renminbi.

12573: 12202: 12148: 12073: 11749: 11684: 11526: 11509: 11487: 11320: 11295: 11234: 11136: 10889: 10804: 10391: 10356: 10335: 10046: 10041: 9977: 9946: 9812: 9627: 9572: 9557: 9450: 9420: 8742: 8265: 8168: 8163: 6626: 6018: 4780: 4763: 2776: 2544: 10906: 8098: 5774: 5746: 4731: 1998:

from the 16th to 20th centuries. The first locally minted silver dollar or yuan accepted all over

12623: 12405: 12121: 12007: 12002: 11907: 11882: 11826: 11660: 11612: 11447: 11368: 11363: 11305: 11229: 11214: 11073: 10854: 10464: 10404: 10290: 10160: 10150: 10138: 9879: 9840: 9802: 9727: 9527: 9472: 9415: 9336: 8672: 8055: 7907: 7018:. (24 December 2023). "How Xi Jinping is challenging dollar dominance with landmark Saudi deal". 6859: 6826: 4900: 4686: 4546: 4534: 3185: 2970: 2764:, commemorating the new millennium was issued in 2000 with a face value of ¥100. This features a 2748: 2724: 2607: 2462: 2160:

non-trade sources, such as overseas remittances, port fees paid by foreign vessels, and tourism.

2145: 2065:, this currency was identified by different names, including "People's Bank of China banknotes" ( 2050: 2035: 1906: 1403: 1173: 1165: 1149: 1132:

is widely used to refer to the Chinese currency generally, especially in international contexts.

183: 11028: 7735: 7255:"The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China" 6563: 6425: 6386: 5007:

is widely used to refer to the British currency generally, especially in international contexts.

12578: 12385: 12219: 12175: 12153: 11850: 11300: 11204: 11011: 10754: 10593: 10131: 10034: 9847: 9820: 9797: 9787: 9717: 9644: 9221: 9019: 7696: 7232: 6993: 2268: 2249: 1752:

is the name of the primary unit of the renminbi. This is analogous to the distinction between "

1220: 1197: 371: 9009: 8750: 6794: 6754: 6426:

Further reform of the RMB exchange rate regime and enhancing the RNM exchange rate flexibility

6078: 4877: 12568: 12563: 12518: 12454: 12365: 12068: 12017: 11955: 11677: 11514: 11502: 11492: 11261: 10894: 10694: 10588: 10491: 10320: 9759: 9163: 8536: 7940: 6383:"Public Announcement of the People's Bank of China on Reforming the RMB Exchange Rate Regime" 4829:

until the mainland signs a bilateral foreign exchange settlement agreement, though president

4712: 4525:. The futures are cash-settled at the exchange rate published by the People's Bank of China. 2914: 2347:

adjust the supply of a central bank digital currency based on certain triggers, such as loan

316: 9039: 7312: 7284:"The Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China" 7254: 5529: 2695:

to circulate. Good examples of this series have gained high status with banknote collectors.

1948: 12294: 12242: 12102: 11897: 11872: 11799: 11794: 11629: 11521: 11497: 11355: 10837: 10675: 10549: 10381: 10315: 10165: 9982: 9862: 9782: 9692: 9632: 9517: 9076: 8730: 8629: 8275: 8178: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7945: 7925: 7342: 6714: 5845: 4602: 4593: 4455: 4442: 3260: 2793: 2772: 2428:

Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China

2415: 2399:

had been adopted into multiple cities' monetary systems and "some government employees and

2272: 2003: 1863:

Parts of this article (those related to images of new issuance of coins and banknotes (see

1375: 1193: 1145: 528: 436: 35: 31: 4903:

denominated in renminbi occurred in Hong Kong, when the Chinese property investment trust

1471: 8: 12595: 12440: 12334: 12329: 12299: 12257: 12180: 12143: 12063: 12048: 11877: 11838: 11545: 11159: 11063: 10814: 10554: 10300: 10143: 9857: 9742: 9737: 9617: 9445: 8484: 8106: 7997: 7960: 7935: 7930: 7523: 7063: 5503: 5435: 4943: 4833:, who served from 2008 to 2016, sought to allow full convertibility as soon as possible. 2596: 2580: 2418:

in 2022, but China's overall timetable for rolling out the digital currency was unclear.

1181: 17: 8987: 6092: 4919: 2430:(HKSAR) announced a green bonds offering, of approximately US$ 6 billion denominated in 1873:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

1208:, it became the world's 8th most traded currency in 2013, 5th by 2015, but 6th in 2019. 12748: 12482: 12477: 12462: 12314: 12282: 12277: 12170: 12092: 12080: 11989: 11655: 11575: 11563: 11531: 11186: 11181: 11099: 10799: 10409: 10376: 10330: 10325: 9901: 9835: 9440: 9246: 9014: 8835: 8583: 8479: 7144: 5040: 4888:

and the Bank of China which simplified business transactions, and in 2020 about 10% of

3854: 3719: 3611: 2953: 2941: 2930: 2918: 2906: 2884: 2832: 2687: 2602:

In 1991, a new coinage was introduced, consisting of an aluminium ¥0.1, brass ¥0.5 and

2524: 2379: 2149: 1693:

is not an ISO code but is sometimes used like one by banks and financial institutions.

1196:

by the second half of 2012. Since 2006, the renminbi exchange rate has been allowed to

981: 973: 760: 752: 501: 103: 7838: 7116: 6246: 5993:"Hong Kong Monetary Authority - HKSAR Government's Institutional Green Bonds Offering" 5556:"Foreign Exchange Certificates Issued under Improved Forex Administration (1979–1989)" 2867:

The renminbi yuan has different names when used in ethnic minority regions of China.

1000: 779: 12779: 12541: 12533: 12247: 12114: 12085: 12043: 11972: 11929: 11887: 11754: 11694: 11466: 11403: 11265: 11046: 11016: 10842: 10361: 10351: 9967: 9658: 9612: 9602: 9500: 9196: 9173: 9158: 9153: 9101: 8977: 8771: 8701: 8691: 8656: 8593: 8541: 8469: 8329: 8321: 8316: 8300: 8148: 8143: 7799: 7777: 7759: 7731: 7563: 7488: 5876: 5373: 5346: 4885: 4810: 4708:

To meet IMF requirements, China gave up some of its tight control over the currency.

4483: 4103: 3881: 3692: 3395: 3038: 2662: 2614: 2054: 1717: 1057: 908: 900: 678: 670: 157: 9262: 6163:

China new 100-yuan aerospace commemorative note reported for 26.11.2015 introduction

4366: 2152:

system, and the introduction and gradual expansion of markets for foreign exchange.

146:

The language(s) of this currency do(es) not have a morphological plural distinction.

12659: 12652: 12551: 12546: 12472: 12400: 12319: 12234: 12224: 12195: 12131: 12126: 11960: 11934: 11919: 11804: 11782: 11766: 11672: 11121: 11111: 10951: 10744: 10729: 10721: 10670: 10366: 10295: 10019: 9921: 9916: 9749: 9380: 9148: 9111: 8720: 8663: 8624: 8578: 8526: 8521: 8511: 8415: 8396: 8378: 8153: 7846: 7798:. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (7th ed.). Krause Publications. 6356: 6075:"China issues new edition of renminbi bills, coins – Xinhua | English.news.cn" 5066: 4948: 4771: 4740: 4691: 4637: 4518: 4491: 4467: 3992: 3557: 3503: 3476: 2836: 2761: 2683: 2528: 2383: 2326: 2311: 2296: 2192: 1776: 1757: 1028: 851: 621: 57: 6533: 6231: 12695: 12267: 12262: 12185: 12136: 12097: 11761: 11343: 11149: 11036: 9592: 9280: 9241: 8992: 8956: 8859: 8711: 8603: 8531: 8489: 8401: 8249: 8126: 7746: 6799: 6432: 6343: 6188: 6169: 5740: 4775: 4487: 4446: 4415: 4076: 3584: 3422: 3237: 3112: 3077: 2844: 2840: 2691: 2679: 2536: 2532: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2400: 2335: 2306: 2245: 2226: 2136:

relatively lower domestic currency cost than otherwise would have been possible.

2126: 2007: 1995: 1748: 1697: 1559: 1520: 1212: 1201: 1185: 1168:

of Chinese industry. It has previously been claimed that the renminbi's official

1153: 1113: 1105: 1052: 466: 374: 151: 5097: 4383:

fits with the Chinese transition to a more consumer-led economic growth model.

3800: 561: 12724: 12668: 12600: 12523: 12370: 12324: 12309: 12304: 12287: 12272: 12058: 11413: 11408: 11338: 10924: 10541: 9936: 9672: 9430: 9312: 9251: 9236: 9216: 9106: 9091: 9064: 8972: 8884: 8781: 8776: 8686: 8608: 8598: 8573: 8033: 8028: 8023: 7950: 7287: 6278: 6141: 5111: 5000: 4996: 4826: 4822: 4682: 4585: 4471: 4419: 4291: 4234: 4129: 3746: 3341: 3054: 3046: 3030: 3022: 3010: 3002: 2990: 2982: 2872: 2856: 2765: 2319: 2280: 2039: 1991: 1971: 1761: 1753: 1598: 1270: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1235: 1157: 1121: 886: 656: 385: 7724:

Reduction of Global Trade Imbalances: Does China Have to Revalue Its Currency?

5530:"Provisional Regulations Of The Bank Of China Of Foreign Exchange Certificate" 5189:"Some experts say China's currency policy is not a danger to the U.S. economy" 5162: 2523:. The denomination and the words "People's Bank of China" are also printed in 12758: 12633: 12380: 12214: 12053: 11855: 11176: 11164: 11006: 10867: 10616: 10371: 9825: 9764: 9542: 9206: 9054: 8982: 8879: 8820: 8766: 8681: 8557: 8280: 8199: 8173: 8073: 8018: 7970: 4904: 4814: 4743: 4678: 4589: 4479: 4265: 4155: 3530: 3168: 2823:"People's Bank of China Ten Yuan" written in five different languages on the 2348: 2188: 2023: 1838:

Renminbi is sometimes referred to as the "redback", a play on "greenback", a

1169: 917: 696: 3143:. Also, high grade paper for the banknotes is produced at two facilities in 1730:'constituent', ' part') or, in formal contexts Chinese: 12736: 12712: 12673: 12558: 12430: 12395: 11001: 10996: 10991: 10981: 10976: 10966: 10884: 10879: 9231: 9201: 9178: 9086: 9070: 9044: 8909: 8904: 8894: 8825: 8706: 8588: 8516: 8285: 6191:

The People's Bank of China (www.pbc.gov.cn). Retrieved on 18 November 2015.

4896: 4830: 4802: 4665: 4463: 4411: 4208: 4182: 4019: 3965: 3907: 3773: 3665: 3638: 3314: 3128: 2592: 2540: 2391: 2375: 2284: 2196: 2011: 1999: 1967: 1953: 1716:(e.g. ¥10,000 RMB) is used. However, in written Chinese contexts, the 1705: 1685:

markets that trade renminbi at free-floating rates use the unofficial code

1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1200:

in a narrow margin around a fixed base rate determined with reference to a

1189: 1094: 1070: 990: 858: 769: 628: 403: 7111:[BOT. Weighted for the reserves after the US dollar volatility.]. 5842:"The same problems plaguing the yuan will plague China's digital currency" 5675:"Digital yuan tsar gives green light for tourists to go cashless in China" 4701:

The renminbi still has not become well-liquidated (fully convertible) yet.

3093:

Renminbi currency production is carried out by a state owned corporation,

1740:'round', usually follows the number in lieu of a currency symbol. 12700: 12252: 11169: 11154: 10961: 10919: 10914: 10862: 10093: 9136: 9029: 9004: 8914: 8899: 8830: 8233: 8194: 8138: 8088: 8078: 7834:

Stephen Mulvey, Why China's currency has two names – BBC News, 2010-06-26

7828:

Photographs of all Chinese currency and sound of pronunciation in Chinese

7519: 7423:. Government Information Office, Taiwan. 26 December 2006. Archived from 4806: 4430: 4045: 3449: 3164: 2712: 2409: 2325:

The PBOC has filed more than 80 patents surrounding the integration of a

1371: 1161: 6127:

Helen Wang, ‘Mao on Money’, East Asia Journal vol.1, no.2 (2004): 86-97.

5967:"Hong Kong: HKD-RMB Dual Counter Model in Hong Kong's stock market | IF" 12425: 11333: 11144: 10872: 9302: 9256: 9141: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9096: 9059: 8889: 8850: 8792: 8737: 8474: 8270: 5112:"Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2022" 4588:

announced that Russia's bilateral trade with China would be settled in

4542: 4533:

Scholarly studies suggest that the yuan is undervalued on the basis of

2819: 2754: 2728: 2476: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2356: 2352: 2330: 2043: 1920: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1417: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 7854: 7313:"Hong Kong banks to conduct personal renminbi business on trial basis" 5480:[People's Republic of China first RMB Overview]. China: Sina. 4934:

Note that the two CNTs mentioned above are different from each other.

1650: 1613: 1584: 1545: 1506: 1498: 12435: 12390: 11328: 11269: 10582: 10511: 9297: 9292: 9034: 9024: 8870: 8846: 8725: 8426: 8225: 8116: 8083: 7847:

Foreign exchange certificates (FEC) of the People's Republic of China

6893: 6279:

Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2022

5705:"China's proposed digital currency more about policing than progress" 4889: 4881: 4767: 4755: 4661: 4649: 4621: 4613: 4502: 4475: 3827: 2666: 2572: 2344: 2253: 1987: 1979: 1682: 938: 717: 73: 8998: 7833: 6534:"How China's managed floating system under BBC rules actually works" 5417: 4580: 2451: 1895: 1392: 12510: 12503: 9349: 9286: 9268: 9168: 8925: 8158: 8068: 8038: 6307:"Profile of China's Yuan – Characteristics and Economic Indicators" 6251: 5338: 4869: 4861: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4787: 4653: 4617: 3230: 3140: 3132: 3124: 3116: 3069: 2898: 2617: 1674: 1160:

and increased its participation in foreign trade, the renminbi was

1082: 1062: 959: 872: 738: 642: 390: 84: 7839:

Historical and current banknotes of the People's Republic of China

7768: 5806:"Is the US worried it is falling behind China's digital currency?" 5117:. Bank for International Settlements. 27 October 2022. p. 5. 5094:"The People's Bank of China Law of the People's Republic of China" 3171:

on the renminbi banknotes. However, the proposal was not adopted.

2053:

took control of ever larger territories in the latter part of the

10939: 10934: 10929: 10686: 10622: 9320: 9211: 9049: 8696: 7140:"China's Renminbi Is Approved by I.M.F. as a Main World Currency" 6172:

BanknoteNews.com. 6 November 2015. Retrieved on 18 November 2015.

5736:"Virtual control: the agenda behind China's new digital currency" 5583:"China's Renminbi Is Approved by I.M.F. as a Main World Currency" 4908: 4873: 4857: 4645: 3144: 3136: 3120: 3108: 2736: 2624: 1112:) is the basic unit of the renminbi. One yuan is divided into 10 997: 776: 570:" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters 540:

Partially, to a basket of trade-weighted international currencies

7057:

Brown, Kevin; Cookson, Robert; Dyer, Geoff (19 September 2010).

4636:

In steps intended to establish the renminbi as an international

3196:

Currency distribution of global foreign exchange market turnover

12719: 12605: 8866: 8842: 8812: 8121: 7564:"Asian Monetary Cooperation: Perspective of RMB Asianalization" 7421:"CBC head urges immediate liberalization of reminbi conversion" 7095: 6989: 4865: 4818: 4798: 4791: 4641: 4566:

on 27 June 2016. It had not been this low since December 2010.

4563: 2851: 2828: 2807: 2780: 2603: 1975: 1826: 1812: 1453: 1305: 1192:, have caused the renminbi to be within as little as 8% of its 1036: 10425:

Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement

5041:"CNY – Chinese Yuan Renminbi rates, news, and tools | Xe" 4884:. In 2018 a Bilateral Currency Swap Agreement was made by the 4836:

The renminbi circulates in some of China's neighbors, such as

2038:. One of the first tasks of the new government was to end the 10717: 8788: 8133: 4759: 4657: 4629: 4625: 2610: 2588: 2584: 2396: 2237:

to the dollar was loosened and it was allowed to appreciate.

2217:(FDI) was also loosened and capital inflows to China surged. 2139: 1983: 1086: 1005: 784: 10253:

State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission

5645:"Hong Kong Monetary Authority – Hong Kong FinTech Week 2019" 4999:, the currency of the United Kingdom. Its basic unit is the 4907:

raised ¥10.48 billion ($ 1.6 billion) in its IPO.

3159:

On 13 March 2006, some delegates to an advisory body at the

10082:

National Fund for Technology Transfer and Commercialisation

9226: 8806: 8241: 7600:"The Internationalization of China's Currency in Indonesia" 7112: 6986:"Bank of China to serve as yuan clearing bank in S. Africa" 6950:"Designated Foreign Currencies – Central Bank of Sri Lanka" 5283:

Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication

5253:

Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication

5249:"RMB breaks into the top five as a world payments currency" 5223:

Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication

5148:"Law of Yuan Price: Estimating Equilibrium of the Renminbi" 4853: 4726: 4459: 4399: 3287: 2435: 2276: 2170: 834: 10430:

Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement

7812:

Cheung, Yin-Wong (2022). "The RMB in the Global Economy".

7397:. Mainland Affairs Council. 5 January 2007. Archived from 5614:"China's digital yuan takes shape with new encryption law" 4762:, have their own respective currencies, according to the " 4537:

analysis. One 2011 study suggests a 37.5% undervaluation.

2802: 2665:", and the denomination, written in Chinese characters by 2539:

on the back of each banknote, in addition to the boldface

2203: 1701: 7597: 6211: 5775:"Patents reveal extent of China's digital currency plans" 4928:

spot market in Taiwan for domestic trading known as CNT.

2431: 2403:

receive their salaries in the digital currency from May.

2351:. Other patents are focused on building digital currency 978: 964: 950: 757: 743: 729: 422: 7395:"Regular Press Briefing of the Mainland Affairs Council" 5904:"China starts major trial of state-run digital currency" 5864: 2657:

These first renminbi notes were printed with the words "

6685:"Don't Worry About China, Japan Will Finance U.S. Debt" 5835: 5833: 5831: 5343:

The New China Playbook: Beyond Socialism and Capitalism

2779:

on the front with the back showing a classical Olympic

2097:; from December 1948), "People's Bank of China notes" ( 1807:) instead of jiao. For example, ¥8.74 might be read as 10203:

China Council for the Promotion of International Trade

5771: 5366:

Randau, Henk R.; Medinskaya, Olga (10 November 2014).

4801:, believes wide usage of the renminbi would create an 4445:

based on market supply and demand with reference to a

2386:

is above 60%, while that of the renminbi is about 2%.

484: 454: 12684: 6093:

https://maoeraobjects.ac.uk/object-biographies/money/

4825:

administration insisted that it would not allow full

2208:

In November 1993, the Third Plenum of the Fourteenth

905: 891: 877: 863: 675: 661: 647: 633: 7593: 7591: 7109:"ธปท.หาทางถ่วงน้ำหนักทุนสำรองหลังดอลลาร์สหรัฐผันผวน" 6860:"In China, Tentative Steps Toward a Global Currency" 5828: 5727: 2925:). One Chinese tügürig (tugreg) is divided into 100 2648:

was issued on 1 December 1948, by the newly founded

1681:, the PRC's country code (CN) plus "Y" from "yuan". 7484:"RMB increases its influence in neighbouring areas" 6244: 5605: 929: 708: 7446: 7315:. Hong Kong Monetary Authority. 18 November 2003. 7068: 7041: 6920:"ANZ, Westpac to lead Chinese currency conversion" 6444:Phillips, Michael M.; Talley, Ian (21 June 2010). 5773: 5745: 5472: 5470: 4852:welcomes the renminbi as an official currency and 2515:. The numbers themselves are printed in financial 2421: 30:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see 10067:China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund 7655:Hui, Daniel; Bunning, Dominic (1 December 2010). 7588: 7339:"Bank of China New York Offers Renminbi Deposits" 6578:"China to widen daily yuan band vs. dollar to 1%" 5934:"What is China's new digital currency all about?" 5895: 5873:"China's Digital Currency Will Rise but Not Rule" 5306: 5304: 4671: 2042:that had plagued China in the final years of the 1211:On 1 October 2016, the renminbi became the first 12756: 7755:The RMB Handbook: Trading, Investing and Hedging 7722:Ansgar Belke, Christian Dreger und Georg Erber: 7056: 6890:"China, Japan to launch yuan-yen direct trading" 5365: 4923:Renminbi promotion at the China-CEEC 2017 summit 4545:estimated that, by purchasing power parity, one 4429:In August 2015, Joseph Adinolfi, a reporter for 4374:For most of its early history, the renminbi was 2583:(front) and the name and denomination framed by 2508:The denomination of each banknote is printed in 1994:, which China imported in large quantities from 1172:was undervalued by as much as 37.5% against its 10228:Ministry of Industry and Information Technology 10052:China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation 7626:"Hong Kong's first renminbi IPO raises $ 1.6bn" 7548:. chinanewswrap.com. 7 May 2009. Archived from 7478: 7476: 7474: 7098:Web Editor: Xu Leiying, accessed 7 October 2013 7092:" McDonald's RMB Corporate Bond Launched in HK" 5467: 5219:"RMB now 8th most traded currency in the world" 4880:. In 2017 ¥215 billion was circulating in 4876:recognizes the exchange of the renminbi to the 3095:China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation 2940:), one Chinese jiao is labeled "10 mönggü". In 1760:" when discussing the official currency of the 472:China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation 442:China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation 6827:"The Use of RMB in International Transactions" 6476:"World stocks soar after Chinese move on yuan" 6443: 5767: 5765: 5310: 5301: 4393: 2757:on the front and various animals on the back. 2737:Commemorative issues of the renminbi banknotes 2632:circulation, but are still valid in exchange. 1180:actions by the Chinese government, as well as 1120:), and the jiao is further subdivided into 10 12353: 10702: 10193:All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce 9365: 8941: 8442: 7870: 7769:Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). 7173:"China's yuan moving toward global currency?" 6769:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2009" 6651: 6337:Dollar extends slide on views of low US rates 6140:. Cjiyou.net. 22 October 2007. Archived from 6016: 5772:Hannah Murphy; Yuan Yang (12 February 2020). 5141: 5139: 4549:was equivalent to approximately ¥1.9 in 2004. 3209: 3111:. CBPMC uses several printing, engraving and 3102: 3068:When used in the Uyghur autonomous region of 2120: 1648: 1611: 1582: 1543: 1504: 1496: 1469: 821: 807: 595: 581: 279: 266: 243: 215: 173: 133: 127: 49: 10233:National Financial Regulatory Administration 7790: 7471: 7448:"Taiwan prepares to allow renminbi exchange" 6357:"Is the Renminbi undervalued or overvalued?" 4242: 4053: 3941: 2775:, a green ¥10 note was issued featuring the 10445:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership 9462:Grasping the large, letting go of the small 6597:"China's Yuan Falls Further Against Dollar" 5762: 2240:As of 2013, the renminbi is convertible on 1792: 1735: 1725: 1046: 10709: 10695: 10666: 10420:Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area 10258:State Administration for Market Regulation 10243:National Development and Reform Commission 9372: 9358: 8948: 8934: 8449: 8435: 7877: 7863: 7654: 7598:Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat (31 July 2020). 6503:"China has effectively re-pegged the yuan" 6446:"Global Leaders Welcome China's Yuan Plan" 5734:Kynge, James; Yu, Sun (16 February 2021). 5136: 4528: 3216: 3202: 3154: 2140:Transition to an equilibrium exchange rate 1956:(red) vis-à-vis USA M2 money supply (blue) 1140:Until 2005, the value of the renminbi was 560: 10127:National Equities Exchange and Quotations 7903:List of Chinese cash coins by inscription 7508: 7365:"Macao gets green light for RMB services" 7195:"Chinese yuan penetrates African markets" 5407: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5241: 5186: 4954:List of Chinese cash coins by inscription 3088: 2897:). However, when used in the republic of 2623:New designs of the ¥0.1, ¥0.5 (now brass- 2492:Learn how and when to remove this message 1936:Learn how and when to remove this message 1433:Learn how and when to remove this message 10263:State Administration of Foreign Exchange 7137: 6500: 5901: 5580: 5211: 4918: 4730: 4727:Use as a currency outside mainland China 4579: 4365: 2850: 2827:. From top to bottom and left to right: 2818: 2806: 2171:Foreign exchange certificates, 1980–1994 1947: 1370: 7884: 7031: 6857: 6682: 5733: 5187:Schneider, Howard (29 September 2012). 4770:of the two territories. Therefore, the 4569: 4470:, with a smaller proportion made up of 2803:Use in ethnic minority regions of China 2743:Commemorative banknotes of the renminbi 2587:stalks on the reverse (back). In 1980, 2301:In October 2019, China's central bank, 2204:Evolution of exchange policy since 1994 2081:; from November 1948), "New Currency" ( 14: 12757: 11644:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 10238:National Bureau of Statistics of China 10208:China Securities Regulatory Commission 8456: 7776:(18th ed.). Krause Publications. 7261:from the original on 15 September 2008 7187: 6359:. CSIS China Power. 11 February 2016. 6019:"Do you get one fen change at Origus?" 5883:from the original on 14 September 2020 5870: 5611: 5432:"China's currency: the RMB, CNY, CNH…" 5411: 5398: 5145: 4243: 4054: 3942: 2370:, a China expert and professor at the 980: 907: 759: 677: 10690: 9353: 8929: 8430: 7858: 7794:Standard Catalog of World Paper Money 7576:from the original on 24 February 2021 7459:from the original on 10 December 2022 6807:from the original on 25 February 2021 6727:from the original on 19 February 2017 6363:from the original on 18 November 2021 6295:from the original on 27 October 2022. 6245:Quentin Sommerville (13 March 2006). 5990: 5961: 5959: 5914:from the original on 17 December 2021 5852:from the original on 10 November 2021 5816:from the original on 24 December 2021 5786:from the original on 10 December 2022 5642: 5624:from the original on 14 December 2021 5612:Tabeta, Shunsuke (31 December 2019). 5484:from the original on 24 February 2021 5386:from the original on 10 February 2023 4860:allow it in border provinces such as 4797:The Republic of China, which governs 4601:entity were generally denominated in 2547:starting from the fourth series. See 1821:) in everyday conversation, but read 10455:Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone 10400:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 10198:All-China Federation of Trade Unions 9379: 8955: 7606:from the original on 20 October 2021 7225:"《2020年人民币国际化报告》发布：人民币在全球外汇储备中占比创新高" 7170: 7138:Bradsher, Keith (30 November 2015). 6654:"Yuan Hits Milestone Against Dollar" 6317:from the original on 2 November 2019 5715:from the original on 5 December 2021 5685:from the original on 5 December 2021 5655:from the original on 5 December 2021 5581:Bradsher, Keith (30 November 2015). 5414:"Why China's currency has two names" 5331: 5124:from the original on 27 October 2022 5073:from the original on 1 November 2022 4576:Internationalization of the renminbi 2783:thrower and various other athletes. 2474:adding citations to reliable sources 2445: 2316:Mercator Institute for China Studies 2261:internationalization of the renminbi 1918:adding citations to reliable sources 1889: 1849: 1415:adding citations to reliable sources 1386: 1206:internationalization of the renminbi 12340:Major Historical and Cultural Sites 9932:Hong Kong Trade Development Council 7059:"Malaysian bond boost for renminbi" 6924:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 6858:Barboza, David (11 February 2011). 6683:Frangos, Alex (16 September 2010). 6633:from the original on 4 October 2010 6501:Adinolfi, Joseph (10 August 2015). 5839: 5510:from the original on 23 August 2019 5337: 5279:"RMB Tracker January 2020 – Slides" 5146:Lipman, Joshua Klein (April 2011). 4370:1 US dollar to renminbi, since 1981 3081: 2708:fourth series of renminbi banknotes 2676:second series of renminbi banknotes 2395:reported that the digital currency 2290: 2029:The renminbi was introduced by the 24: 11478: 10716: 9436:Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns 7715: 7636:from the original on 23 April 2011 7375:from the original on 23 April 2021 7152:from the original on 23 April 2021 7034:"China revs up renminbi expansion" 6870:from the original on 23 April 2021 6775:from the original on 23 April 2021 6695:from the original on 8 August 2020 6664:from the original on 23 April 2021 6607:from the original on 23 April 2021 6540:from the original on 23 April 2021 6513:from the original on 23 April 2021 6456:from the original on 22 April 2021 6407:from the original on 23 April 2021 6286:Bank for International Settlements 6259:from the original on 23 April 2021 6029:from the original on 11 March 2007 5956: 5593:from the original on 23 April 2021 5104: 5096:. 27 December 2003. Archived from 5067:"Myanmar's free-wheeling Wa state" 4783:for deposits in Chinese renminbi. 2720:fifth series of renminbi banknotes 2700:third series of renminbi banknotes 2646:first series of renminbi banknotes 2372:University of California San Diego 1746:is the name of the currency while 25: 12811: 11635:Political Consultative Conference 10460:Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone 10213:General Administration of Customs 10077:China Reform Holdings Corporation 9468:Scientific Outlook on Development 8188:Manufacturing and casting process 7821: 7522:(大公報). 6 May 2009. Archived from 7319:from the original on 5 April 2005 7205:from the original on 31 July 2021 7171:Laje, Diego (29 September 2011). 6959:. 27 October 2011. Archived from 6930:from the original on 6 April 2021 6749:World Development Indicators 2006 6247:"China mulls Mao banknote change" 5944:from the original on 9 March 2021 5902:Davidson, Helen (28 April 2020). 5562:from the original on 5 March 2022 5558:. Bankofchina.com. 1 April 1980. 5536:from the original on 5 March 2022 5311:Solomon Teague (6 October 2016). 5285:. 21 January 2020. Archived from 5255:. 28 January 2015. Archived from 5047:from the original on 16 July 2016 5018:Chinese numerals#Standard numbers 4892:'s global trade was in renminbi. 4512: 2233:(FECs) used by foreign visitors. 2220: 12742: 12730: 12718: 12706: 12694: 12421:Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty 12416:Four Masters of the Ming dynasty 10665: 10656: 10655: 10507:2008–2009 economic stimulus plan 10268:State Administration of Taxation 10156:Stock Exchange Executive Council 10010: 10009: 9623: 9622: 9390: 9389: 9285: 9273: 9261: 9069: 8997: 7681: 7648: 7496:from the original on 6 July 2014 7032:Cookson, Robert (28 July 2010). 6839:from the original on 8 June 2021 6594: 6531: 6091:H. Wang and F. Boecking, Money, 6055:from the original on 3 June 2021 5871:Prasad, Eswar (25 August 2020). 5504:"Banknotes • China • Heiko Otto" 5450:"Chinese Yuan Renminbi Currency" 5412:Mulvey, Stephen (26 June 2010). 5225:. 8 October 2013. Archived from 5199:from the original on 17 May 2021 4914: 4681:had issued renminbi denominated 4441:The renminbi has now moved to a 4436: 4332: 4331: 4309: 4308: 4282: 4256: 4225: 4199: 4173: 4172: 4146: 4120: 4094: 4093: 4067: 4036: 4010: 4009: 3983: 3982: 3956: 3955: 3924: 3898: 3872: 3871: 3845: 3844: 3818: 3817: 3791: 3790: 3764: 3763: 3737: 3736: 3710: 3709: 3683: 3682: 3656: 3655: 3629: 3628: 3602: 3601: 3575: 3574: 3548: 3547: 3521: 3520: 3494: 3493: 3467: 3466: 3440: 3439: 3413: 3412: 3386: 3385: 3359: 3358: 3332: 3331: 3305: 3304: 3278: 3277: 2450: 2343:indicate that China may plan to 2329:system, choosing to embrace the 1894: 1854: 1704:, but when distinction from the 1391: 1089:. The renminbi is issued by the 72: 12411:Four Paragons of the Early Tang 11608:Political parties and movements 10972:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 10957:Northern and Southern dynasties 10517:2015–16 stock market turbulence 10440:Pearl River Delta Economic Zone 7993:Paper money of the Qing dynasty 7966:Jin dynasty coinage (1115–1234) 7772:Standard Catalog of World Coins 7618: 7556: 7538: 7439: 7413: 7387: 7357: 7331: 7305: 7286:. 31 March 1993. Archived from 7276: 7247: 7217: 7164: 7131: 7101: 7085: 7050: 7025: 7008: 6978: 6942: 6912: 6882: 6851: 6819: 6787: 6761: 6739: 6707: 6676: 6652:David Barboza (10 April 2008). 6645: 6619: 6588: 6580:. 14 April 2012. Archived from 6570: 6552: 6525: 6494: 6468: 6437: 6419: 6393: 6375: 6349: 6329: 6299: 6288:. 27 October 2022. p. 12. 6271: 6238: 6218: 6194: 6175: 6156: 6130: 6121: 6111: 6098: 6085: 6067: 6041: 6010: 5991:Authority, Hong Kong Monetary. 5984: 5926: 5840:Hui, Mary (10 September 2020). 5798: 5697: 5667: 5643:Authority, Hong Kong Monetary. 5636: 5574: 5548: 5532:. Asianlii.org. 19 March 1980. 5522: 5496: 5442: 5424: 5359: 5271: 5010: 4959:List of renminbi exchange rates 3193:Most traded currencies by value 2855:A special edition designed for 2461:needs additional citations for 2422:Interest rate & Green bonds 1905:needs additional citations for 1402:needs additional citations for 1215:currency to be included in the 1184:measures taken by the American 1006: 979: 965: 951: 930: 785: 758: 744: 730: 709: 10435:Northeast China Revitalization 10072:China Internet Investment Fund 10057:China Government Guidance Fund 8637:British Indian Ocean Territory 8616:British Indian Ocean Territory 8389:Special administrative regions 7067:. Asia-Pacific. Archived from 7014:Melissa Lawford. Reporter for 6385:. 21 July 2005. Archived from 6017:Coldness Kwan (6 March 2007). 5313:"FX: RMB joins the SDR basket" 5180: 5085: 5059: 5033: 4989: 4984:special administrative regions 4976: 4752:special administrative regions 4672:International reserve currency 4443:managed floating exchange rate 4283: 4257: 4226: 4200: 4147: 4121: 4068: 4037: 3925: 3899: 2997:). One gor is divided into 10 2110: 2102: 2094: 2086: 2078: 2070: 1966:The various currencies called 1831: 1817: 1803: 1785: 1658: 1621: 1592: 1553: 1514: 1479: 1382: 1125: 1117: 1109: 1041: 906: 892: 878: 864: 822: 808: 676: 662: 648: 634: 596: 582: 13: 1: 12790:Currencies introduced in 1949 12765:Currencies with ISO 4217 code 10527:China–United States trade war 10392:Regional economic initiatives 10345:National economic initiatives 10062:China-Africa Development Fund 9456:Deng Xiaoping's southern tour 8266:Charms and amulets (Yansheng) 7956:Southern Song dynasty coinage 7689:"The birth of a new currency" 6992:. 8 July 2015. Archived from 6896:. 30 May 2012. Archived from 6562:. 18 May 2007. Archived from 5026: 4620:, and only counterparties in 4402:stood at ¥10.07060 per euro. 2813:second series of the renminbi 2548: 2231:Foreign Exchange Certificates 2177:Foreign exchange certificates 1051:'People's Currency'; 11713:Ministry of National Defense 11052:Chinese Communist Revolution 10628:List of Chinese by net worth 10611:China Compulsory Certificate 10522:Protein export contamination 10173:Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange 10089:China Investment Corporation 9553:Business process outsourcing 8046:Yuan of the Red Army Command 5997:Hong Kong Monetary Authority 5649:Hong Kong Monetary Authority 5155:Michigan Journal of Business 4899:". In April 2011, the first 4640:, China has agreements with 3174: 2861:first series of the renminbi 2825:fifth series of the renminbi 2635: 2378:, an economics professor at 1840:slang term for the US dollar 1772:are also units of renminbi. 1612: 1505: 1497: 1470: 1378:/CNY exchange rate 1981–2022 1135: 1097:of China. It is the world's 340:¥0.01, ¥0.02, ¥0.05, ¥5, ¥10 50: 7: 12376:Flowers of the Four Seasons 12361:Four Treasures of the Study 11980:Water supply and sanitation 11708:Central Military Commission 11703:Outline of military history 11453:Province-level subdivisions 9942:Water supply and sanitation 7898:History of Chinese currency 7022:Retrieved 25 December 2023. 5315:. Euromoney. Archived from 4995:A similar case arises with 4937: 4813:at trial exchange sites in 4554:International Monetary Fund 4523:Chicago Mercantile Exchange 4394:Depegged from the US dollar 3242:Proportion of daily volume 2913:) to differentiate it from 2441: 2364:Chamber of Digital Commerce 2263:, on 30 November 2015, the 1962:History of Chinese currency 1608:Colloquial name for 1 unit 355:; 76 years ago 301:¥1, ¥5, ¥10, ¥20, ¥50, ¥100 10: 12816: 11649:Primary stage of socialism 11591:National People's Congress 11059:People's Republic of China 10450:Rise of Central China Plan 10248:National Energy Commission 7814:Cambridge University Press 7695:. May 2011. Archived from 6715:"Chinese Renminbi Futures" 6346:. Retrieved 29 April 2011. 5416:. BBC News. Archived from 4964:Tibetan coins and currency 4573: 3183: 3161:National People's Congress 2740: 2551:for detailed information. 2294: 2124: 2121:Era of the command economy 2002:China (1644–1912) was the 1990:were all derived from the 1959: 1845: 1712:(e.g. RMB 10,000) or 1229:Current CNY exchange rates 1202:basket of world currencies 1176:. However, more recently, 1099:fifth-most-traded currency 1087:People's Republic of China 29: 12646: 12614: 12532: 12453: 12233: 12039: 12030: 11988: 11948: 11790: 11781: 11693: 11544: 11474: 11465: 11428: 11399:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves 11354: 11288: 11197: 11135: 11107: 11098: 11027: 10905: 10853: 10813: 10737: 10728: 10646: 10540: 10483:2005–2011 property bubble 10473: 10415:China Western Development 10390: 10344: 10276: 10183: 10122:Dalian Commodity Exchange 9996: 9960: 9878: 9811: 9773: 9491: 9401: 9387: 9329: 9311: 9187: 8963: 8759: 8649: 8566: 8550: 8498: 8462: 8410: 8387: 8343: 8299: 8258: 8210: 8187: 8097: 8054: 8014:Historical money of Tibet 8006: 7916: 7890: 7546:"Widely used in Mongolia" 6957:Central Bank of Sri Lanka 4781:foreign currency accounts 4717:Central Bank of Venezuela 4340: 4317: 3244: 3241: 3236: 3229: 3226: 3103: 3072:, the renminbi is called 3050: 3026: 3006: 2986: 2957: 2934: 2922: 2910: 2888: 2591:¥0.1, ¥0.2, and ¥0.5 and 2215:Foreign Direct Investment 2180: 2019: 2010:was discontinued and the 1822: 1808: 1798: 1780: 1731: 1721: 1649: 1583: 1544: 1228: 1032: 1017: 996: 989: 972: 958: 944: 937: 923: 916: 899: 885: 871: 857: 850: 845: 841: 829: 815: 801: 796: 775: 768: 751: 737: 723: 716: 702: 695: 669: 655: 641: 627: 620: 615: 611: 603: 589: 575: 559: 555: 548: 534: 522: 513: 500: 495: 477: 465: 447: 435: 415: 401: 396: 380: 367: 349: 344: 334: 324: 315: 305: 295: 288: 280: 267: 259: 252: 244: 224: 216: 196: 189: 182: 174: 165: 150: 142: 134: 128: 119: 114: 102: 90: 83: 71: 48: 12574:Catholic Church in China 11718:People's Liberation Army 11685:One country, two systems 10357:Belt and Road Initiative 10336:Rural credit cooperative 10109:Foreign exchange reserve 10042:Beijing Financial Street 9451:Socialist market economy 8169:Great Qing Treasure Note 8164:Great Ming Treasure Note 7830:(archived 11 March 2012) 6627:"央行行长周小川在央行上海总部揭牌仪式上的讲话" 6226: 6202: 6168:18 November 2015 at the 5810:South China Morning Post 5679:South China Morning Post 4969: 4868:and economic zones like 4764:one country, two systems 3179: 2792:In commemoration of the 2566: 817:Traditional Chinese 591:Traditional Chinese 12406:Four Pillars of Destiny 12191:Regional discrimination 11613:Chinese Communist Party 10599:Globalization and women 10465:Zhongyuan Economic Zone 10405:Beibu Gulf Economic Rim 10185:Government institutions 10161:Shenzhen Stock Exchange 10151:Shanghai Metal Exchange 10139:Shanghai Stock Exchange 9803:Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park 9788:Megalopolises in China 9189:Obsolete and historical 8673:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 7918:By period (before 1912) 7908:Ancient Chinese coinage 7850:(in English and German) 7842:(in English and German) 7657:"The offshore renminbi" 6689:The Wall Street Journal 6601:The Wall Street Journal 4901:initial public offering 4687:Standard Chartered Bank 4535:purchasing power parity 4529:Purchasing power parity 3186:Renminbi currency value 3155:Suggested future design 3135:. Mints are located in 2749:Chinese Communist Party 2725:Chinese Communist Party 2519:characters, as well as 2416:Beijing Winter Olympics 2146:foreign exchange market 2051:Chinese Communist Party 1720:for yuan (Chinese: 1493:Formal name for 1 unit 1174:purchasing power parity 1148:. As China pursued its 803:Simplified Chinese 577:Simplified Chinese 12775:Circulating currencies 12159:Science and technology 11832:Special economic zones 11084:persecution of Uyghurs 11012:Century of humiliation 10638:Science and technology 10532:2020–2021 reform spree 10286:International rankings 10132:Beijing Stock Exchange 9798:Suzhou Industrial Park 9793:Special Economic Zones 7730:6/2010, Nr. 30, 2010, 7662:. HSBC. Archived from 6095:accessed 23 Sept 2023. 4924: 4747: 4607:People's Bank of China 4597: 4452:People's Bank of China 4388:People's Bank of China 4371: 3149:People's Bank of China 3089:Production and minting 2864: 2848: 2816: 2659:People's Bank of China 2650:People's Bank of China 2269:special drawing rights 2250:Asian financial crisis 2225:During the era of the 2059:People's Bank of China 2031:People's Bank of China 1957: 1832:bā yuán qī jiǎo sì fēn 1379: 1221:special drawing rights 1091:People's Bank of China 410:People's Bank of China 12366:Four Great Inventions 11750:People's Armed Police 9988:Intellectual property 9483:1949–1976 wage reform 9426:Industrial Revolution 7941:Southern Tang coinage 7791:Pick, Albert (1994). 7020:Yahoo Finance website 6187:23 April 2021 at the 6106:Transcultural Studies 4922: 4872:. Though unofficial, 4739: Chinese Yuan / 4734: 4713:Central Bank of Chile 4592:and yuan, instead of 4584:On 24 November 2010, 4583: 4369: 3041:, renminbi is called 2977:, a yuan is called a 2944:, renminbi is called 2879:, a yuan is called a 2854: 2822: 2810: 2773:2008 Beijing Olympics 2549:corresponding section 2210:CPC Central Committee 2125:Further information: 1951: 1779:, kuai (Chinese: 1700:for the yuan unit is 1466:Formal currency name 1374: 1077:), also known as the 12345:World Heritage Sites 11873:Foreign aid received 11581:Environmental policy 11379:Environmental policy 11374:Environmental issues 10676:Economy of East Asia 10382:Youth Business China 10218:Ministry of Commerce 10166:SZSE Component Index 9783:Dalian Software Park 8276:Vault protector coin 7988:Qing dynasty coinage 7983:Ming dynasty coinage 7978:Yuan dynasty coinage 7946:Liao dynasty coinage 7926:Zhou dynasty coinage 7745:17 July 2011 at the 7740:PDF-File; DIW Online 7552:on 25 February 2012. 7492:. 17 February 2004. 7401:on 27 September 2007 7119:on 26 September 2011 7046:on 10 December 2022. 6803:. 24 November 2010. 6431:3 April 2015 at the 5369:Chinese Business 2.0 5345:. New York: Viking. 5069:. 17 November 2016. 4986:Hong Kong and Macau. 4766:" principle and the 4570:Internationalisation 4547:International dollar 4456:United States dollar 3163:proposed to include 2901:, it is still named 2794:2022 Winter Olympics 2470:improve this article 2004:silver dragon dollar 1970:or dollar issued in 1914:improve this article 1677:for the renminbi is 1635:Colloquial name for 1488:"people's currency" 1461:Literal translation 1411:improve this article 350:Date of introduction 36:RMB (disambiguation) 32:CNY (disambiguation) 12795:Chinese numismatics 12785:Currencies of China 12591:History of religion 12586:Freedom of religion 12441:Four Pests campaign 12386:Four Classic Novels 11998:Automotive industry 11878:Foreign aid program 11569:Pro-democratisation 11064:Cultural Revolution 10223:Ministry of Finance 10144:SSE Composite Index 10114:Hedge fund industry 9961:Law and regulations 9668:academic publishing 9446:Four Modernizations 9330:Generic placeholder 8485:Turkmenistani manat 8259:Historical exonumia 7961:Western Xia coinage 7936:Xin dynasty coinage 7931:Han dynasty coinage 7885:Currencies of China 7345:on 22 February 2011 7073:on 10 December 2022 7064:The Financial Times 7038:The Financial Times 6795:"Quotes of the Day" 6450:Wall Street Journal 5750:on 10 December 2022 5711:. 1 November 2019. 5681:. 6 November 2019. 5420:on 2 December 2019. 5319:on 15 February 2017 5289:on 15 February 2020 5193:The Washington Post 5161:(2). Archived from 4944:Chinese lunar coins 4803:underground economy 4492:Singaporean dollars 3223: 3107:) headquartered in 2777:Bird's Nest Stadium 2597:Great Wall of China 2305:, announced that a 2133:import-substitution 2117:", from June 1949. 2107:traditional Chinese 2091:traditional Chinese 2075:traditional Chinese 1603:"fraction", "cent" 1182:quantitative easing 607:"People's Currency" 94:CNY (numeric: 45: 12770:Currencies of Asia 12498:Population history 12478:Internal migration 12093:Harmonious Society 11968:Telecommunications 11925:Standard of living 11844:Online advertising 11596:Standing Committee 10633:Chinese economists 10606:National Standards 10502:2007 slave scandal 10410:Bohai Economic Rim 10377:Made in China 2025 10326:Internal migration 10311:Standard of living 10099:Financial services 9973:Labor contract law 9927:Illegal drug trade 9897:World Trade Center 9733:Telecommunications 9681:equipment industry 9513:Advanced materials 9478:Population history 9441:Great Leap Forward 9395:Companies of China 8836:Israeli new shekel 8584:Bhutanese ngultrum 8480:Tajikistani somoni 8457:Currencies of Asia 7669:on 22 October 2012 7455:. 3 January 2007. 7427:on 7 February 2007 7183:on 1 October 2011. 7145:The New York Times 6996:on 6 February 2016 6966:on 2 February 2014 6864:The New York Times 6629:. 10 August 2005. 6342:3 May 2011 at the 6182:中国人民银行公告〔2015〕第33号 6144:on 7 December 2008 6081:on 31 August 2019. 5259:on 8 December 2015 5229:on 5 November 2015 4925: 4811:Taiwanese currency 4805:and undermine its 4748: 4598: 4521:are traded at the 4484:Australian dollars 4372: 3855:Israeli new shekel 3720:South African rand 3612:New Zealand dollar 3192: 2975:Tibetan autonomies 2865: 2849: 2817: 2715:and Zhou Lingzhao. 2380:Cornell University 2150:dual exchange rate 2099:simplified Chinese 2083:simplified Chinese 2067:simplified Chinese 1958: 1380: 1101:as of April 2022. 1095:monetary authority 1081:, is the official 372:Nationalist-issued 336: Rarely used 307: Rarely used 78:Renminbi banknotes 43: 12682: 12681: 12642: 12641: 12449: 12448: 12026: 12025: 12013:Shipping industry 11777: 11776: 11743:Strategic Support 11618:General Secretary 11603:National security 11586:Foreign relations 11540: 11539: 11461: 11460: 11424: 11423: 11127:Natural disasters 11094: 11093: 11047:Chinese Civil War 11042:Republic of China 11017:Taiping Rebellion 10890:Spring and Autumn 10795:Foreign relations 10684: 10683: 10497:2007 stock bubble 10362:Common prosperity 10352:Beijing Consensus 10306:Income inequality 9775:Development Zones 9347: 9346: 8923: 8922: 8772:Azerbaijani manat 8712:Philippine peso ( 8702:Malaysian ringgit 8692:Indonesian rupiah 8657:Australian dollar 8594:Maldivian rufiyaa 8542:New Taiwan dollar 8470:Kazakhstani tenge 8424: 8423: 8330:New Taiwan dollar 8322:Chinese gold yuan 8317:Old Taiwan dollar 8309:Customs gold unit 8301:Republic of China 8007:Other territories 7699:on 22 August 2018 7371:. 5 August 2004. 7235:on 19 August 2020 6584:on 10 April 2013. 6566:on 16 March 2007. 6389:on 16 March 2007. 6051:. 30 April 2019. 5877:Project Syndicate 5812:. 17 March 2021. 5478:"中华人民共和国第一套人民币概述" 5438:on 18 April 2015. 5352:978-1-9848-7828-1 5100:on 20 March 2007. 4886:Bank of Indonesia 4353: 4352: 4104:Malaysian ringgit 3882:Indonesian rupiah 3693:New Taiwan dollar 3396:Australian dollar 3051:མི་དམངས་ཤོག་དངུལ། 2877:Mongol autonomies 2663:Republic of China 2502: 2501: 2494: 2362:Uncovered by the 2322:remain fragile." 2193:Friendship Stores 2055:Chinese Civil War 1946: 1945: 1938: 1888: 1887: 1818:bā kuài qī máo sì 1795: 1738: 1728: 1718:Chinese character 1671: 1670: 1525:"unit", "circle" 1443: 1442: 1435: 1369: 1368: 1194:equilibrium value 1049: 1021: 1020: 1013: 1012: 946:Yale Romanization 852:Standard Mandarin 792: 791: 725:Yale Romanization 622:Standard Mandarin 544: 543: 326: Freq. used 297: Freq. used 27:Currency of China 16:(Redirected from 12807: 12800:Currency symbols 12747: 12746: 12745: 12735: 12734: 12733: 12723: 12722: 12711: 12710: 12709: 12699: 12698: 12690: 12662: 12655: 12552:Tibetan Buddhism 12547:Chinese Buddhism 12401:Four Holy Beasts 12351: 12350: 12203:Social relations 12132:Standard Chinese 12127:Chinese language 12037: 12036: 11822:Economic history 11788: 11787: 11767:Maritime Militia 11476: 11475: 11472: 11471: 11443:Border crossings 11438:Baseline islands 11133: 11132: 11105: 11104: 11069:Tiananmen Square 10952:Sixteen Kingdoms 10760:Military history 10735: 10734: 10711: 10704: 10697: 10688: 10687: 10671:Outline of China 10669: 10668: 10659: 10658: 10492:pet food recalls 10367:Dual circulation 10118:Stock Exchanges 10047:Financial system 10013: 10012: 9952:Trading partners 9698:Renewable energy 9626: 9625: 9393: 9392: 9381:Economy of China 9374: 9367: 9360: 9351: 9350: 9339: 9289: 9277: 9265: 9144: 9073: 9001: 8957:Currency symbols 8950: 8943: 8936: 8927: 8926: 8873: 8853: 8815: 8795: 8745: 8721:Singapore dollar 8676: 8667: 8664:Christmas Island 8640: 8625:Sri Lankan rupee 8619: 8579:Bangladeshi taka 8537:Mongolian tögrög 8527:South Korean won 8522:North Korean won 8512:Hong Kong dollar 8451: 8444: 8437: 8428: 8427: 8416:Economy of China 8397:Hong Kong dollar 7879: 7872: 7865: 7856: 7855: 7851: 7843: 7809: 7796:: General Issues 7787: 7752:Hai Xin (2012). 7709: 7708: 7706: 7704: 7685: 7679: 7678: 7676: 7674: 7668: 7661: 7652: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7641: 7622: 7616: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7602:. The Diplomat. 7595: 7586: 7585: 7583: 7581: 7575: 7568: 7560: 7554: 7553: 7542: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7512: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7480: 7469: 7468: 7466: 7464: 7450: 7443: 7437: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7417: 7411: 7410: 7408: 7406: 7391: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7361: 7355: 7354: 7352: 7350: 7341:. Archived from 7335: 7329: 7328: 7326: 7324: 7309: 7303: 7302: 7297: 7295: 7280: 7274: 7273: 7268: 7266: 7257:. 4 April 1990. 7251: 7245: 7244: 7242: 7240: 7231:. Archived from 7221: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7210: 7191: 7185: 7184: 7179:. Archived from 7168: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7157: 7135: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7124: 7115:. Archived from 7105: 7099: 7089: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7072: 7054: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7040:. Archived from 7029: 7023: 7012: 7006: 7005: 7003: 7001: 6982: 6976: 6975: 6973: 6971: 6965: 6954: 6946: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6926:. 8 April 2013. 6916: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6855: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6844: 6838: 6831: 6823: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6791: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6780: 6765: 6759: 6758: 6757:on 10 July 2010. 6753:. Archived from 6743: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6732: 6726: 6719: 6711: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6680: 6674: 6673: 6671: 6669: 6649: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6623: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6592: 6586: 6585: 6574: 6568: 6567: 6556: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6529: 6523: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6498: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6478:. Archived from 6472: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6441: 6435: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6403:. 10 June 2010. 6397: 6391: 6390: 6379: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6368: 6353: 6347: 6333: 6327: 6326: 6324: 6322: 6303: 6297: 6296: 6294: 6283: 6275: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6234:on 3 March 2009. 6230:. Archived from 6222: 6216: 6215: 6210:. Archived from 6198: 6192: 6179: 6173: 6160: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6149: 6134: 6128: 6125: 6119: 6115: 6109: 6102: 6096: 6089: 6083: 6082: 6077:. Archived from 6071: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6045: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6034: 6014: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5988: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5971:www.iflr1000.com 5963: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5921: 5919: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5837: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5802: 5796: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5777: 5769: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5749: 5744:. Archived from 5731: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5701: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5640: 5634: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5609: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5578: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5552: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5515: 5500: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5489: 5474: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5446: 5440: 5439: 5434:. Archived from 5428: 5422: 5421: 5409: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5363: 5357: 5356: 5335: 5329: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5308: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5275: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5245: 5239: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5215: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5167: 5152: 5143: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5123: 5116: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5037: 5020: 5014: 5008: 4993: 4987: 4980: 4949:Economy of China 4772:Hong Kong dollar 4741:Hong Kong Dollar 4738: 4692:Bank of Thailand 4638:reserve currency 4488:Canadian dollars 4468:South Korean won 4335: 4334: 4322: 4320:Other currencies 4312: 4311: 4286: 4285: 4260: 4259: 4246: 4245: 4229: 4228: 4203: 4202: 4176: 4175: 4150: 4149: 4124: 4123: 4097: 4096: 4071: 4070: 4057: 4056: 4040: 4039: 4013: 4012: 3993:Hungarian forint 3986: 3985: 3959: 3958: 3945: 3944: 3928: 3927: 3902: 3901: 3875: 3874: 3848: 3847: 3821: 3820: 3794: 3793: 3767: 3766: 3740: 3739: 3713: 3712: 3686: 3685: 3659: 3658: 3632: 3631: 3605: 3604: 3578: 3577: 3558:South Korean won 3551: 3550: 3524: 3523: 3504:Singapore dollar 3497: 3496: 3477:Hong Kong dollar 3470: 3469: 3443: 3442: 3416: 3415: 3389: 3388: 3362: 3361: 3335: 3334: 3308: 3307: 3281: 3280: 3224: 3218: 3211: 3204: 3197: 3191: 3139:, Shanghai, and 3106: 3105: 3083: 3063:mimang shog ngul 3052: 3028: 3008: 2988: 2962: 2960: 2939: 2937: 2924: 2915:Mongolian tögrög 2912: 2893: 2891: 2497: 2490: 2486: 2483: 2477: 2454: 2446: 2384:reserve currency 2327:digital currency 2312:cashless society 2297:Digital renminbi 2291:Digital renminbi 2246:capital accounts 2242:current accounts 2187:) issued by the 2182: 2112: 2104: 2096: 2088: 2080: 2072: 2021: 1941: 1934: 1930: 1927: 1921: 1898: 1890: 1883: 1880: 1874: 1858: 1857: 1850: 1833: 1824: 1819: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1793: 1789: 1782: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1660: 1654: 1653: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1623: 1617: 1616: 1594: 1588: 1587: 1578: 1577: 1573: 1569:Formal name for 1555: 1549: 1548: 1539: 1538: 1534: 1530:Formal name for 1516: 1510: 1509: 1502: 1501: 1481: 1475: 1474: 1445: 1444: 1438: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1418: 1395: 1387: 1226: 1225: 1188:and other major 1164:to increase the 1154:central planning 1127: 1119: 1111: 1050: 1047: 1043: 1034: 1009: 1008: 985: 984: 983: 968: 967: 954: 953: 933: 932: 912: 911: 910: 895: 894: 881: 880: 867: 866: 843: 842: 833:"circle" (ie. a 825: 824: 811: 810: 788: 787: 764: 763: 762: 747: 746: 733: 732: 712: 711: 691: 690: 689: 688: 687: 680: 665: 664: 651: 650: 637: 636: 613: 612: 599: 598: 585: 584: 564: 546: 545: 525: 516: 509: 491: 488: 486: 480: 461: 458: 456: 450: 431: 428: 426: 424: 418: 406: 363: 361: 356: 337: 327: 308: 298: 283: 282: 272: 270: 269: 247: 246: 236: 235: 234: 230: 219: 218: 208: 207: 206: 202: 177: 176: 160: 137: 136: 131: 130: 110: 97: 76: 66: 61: 53: 52: 46: 42: 21: 12815: 12814: 12810: 12809: 12808: 12806: 12805: 12804: 12755: 12754: 12753: 12743: 12741: 12731: 12729: 12717: 12707: 12705: 12693: 12685: 12683: 12678: 12665: 12658: 12651: 12638: 12610: 12528: 12488:Life expectancy 12445: 12349: 12229: 12149:Public holidays 12137:Written Chinese 12122:Intellectualism 12074:Sex trafficking 12022: 11984: 11944: 11773: 11689: 11536: 11527:Nationality law 11510:Law enforcement 11488:Judicial system 11457: 11420: 11394:Nature reserves 11384:Protected areas 11350: 11321:Water resources 11284: 11193: 11131: 11090: 11074:Economic reform 11037:1911 Revolution 11023: 10987:Jin (1115–1234) 10901: 10849: 10809: 10724: 10715: 10685: 10680: 10642: 10536: 10469: 10386: 10340: 10272: 10179: 9992: 9978:Labor relations 9956: 9874: 9807: 9769: 9655:Pharmaceuticals 9487: 9421:Five-year plans 9397: 9383: 9378: 9348: 9343: 9337: 9325: 9307: 9183: 9142: 8959: 8954: 8924: 8919: 8865: 8860:Jordanian dinar 8841: 8811: 8787: 8755: 8751:Vietnamese đồng 8735: 8670: 8661: 8645: 8634: 8613: 8604:Pakistani rupee 8562: 8546: 8532:Macanese pataca 8494: 8490:Uzbekistani sum 8458: 8455: 8425: 8420: 8406: 8402:Macanese pataca 8383: 8339: 8295: 8254: 8206: 8183: 8127:Kaiyuan Tongbao 8093: 8050: 8002: 7912: 7886: 7883: 7849: 7841: 7824: 7819: 7806: 7784: 7747:Wayback Machine 7718: 7716:Further reading 7713: 7712: 7702: 7700: 7687: 7686: 7682: 7672: 7670: 7666: 7659: 7653: 7649: 7639: 7637: 7630:Financial Times 7624: 7623: 7619: 7609: 7607: 7596: 7589: 7579: 7577: 7573: 7566: 7562: 7561: 7557: 7544: 7543: 7539: 7529: 7527: 7514: 7513: 7509: 7499: 7497: 7482: 7481: 7472: 7462: 7460: 7453:Financial Times 7445: 7444: 7440: 7430: 7428: 7419: 7418: 7414: 7404: 7402: 7393: 7392: 7388: 7378: 7376: 7363: 7362: 7358: 7348: 7346: 7337: 7336: 7332: 7322: 7320: 7311: 7310: 7306: 7293: 7291: 7290:on 5 March 2007 7282: 7281: 7277: 7264: 7262: 7253: 7252: 7248: 7238: 7236: 7223: 7222: 7218: 7208: 7206: 7201:. August 2014. 7199:African Renewal 7193: 7192: 7188: 7169: 7165: 7155: 7153: 7136: 7132: 7122: 7120: 7107: 7106: 7102: 7094:19 August 2010 7090: 7086: 7076: 7074: 7055: 7051: 7030: 7026: 7013: 7009: 6999: 6997: 6984: 6983: 6979: 6969: 6967: 6963: 6952: 6948: 6947: 6943: 6933: 6931: 6918: 6917: 6913: 6903: 6901: 6888: 6887: 6883: 6873: 6871: 6856: 6852: 6842: 6840: 6836: 6829: 6825: 6824: 6820: 6810: 6808: 6793: 6792: 6788: 6778: 6776: 6767: 6766: 6762: 6745: 6744: 6740: 6730: 6728: 6724: 6717: 6713: 6712: 6708: 6698: 6696: 6681: 6677: 6667: 6665: 6650: 6646: 6636: 6634: 6625: 6624: 6620: 6610: 6608: 6593: 6589: 6576: 6575: 6571: 6558: 6557: 6553: 6543: 6541: 6530: 6526: 6516: 6514: 6499: 6495: 6485: 6483: 6474: 6473: 6469: 6459: 6457: 6442: 6438: 6433:Wayback Machine 6424: 6420: 6410: 6408: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6381: 6380: 6376: 6366: 6364: 6355: 6354: 6350: 6344:Wayback Machine 6335:Yahoo Finance, 6334: 6330: 6320: 6318: 6305: 6304: 6300: 6292: 6281: 6277: 6276: 6272: 6262: 6260: 6243: 6239: 6228: 6224: 6223: 6219: 6204: 6200: 6199: 6195: 6189:Wayback Machine 6180: 6176: 6170:Wayback Machine 6161: 6157: 6147: 6145: 6136: 6135: 6131: 6126: 6122: 6116: 6112: 6103: 6099: 6090: 6086: 6073: 6072: 6068: 6058: 6056: 6047: 6046: 6042: 6032: 6030: 6015: 6011: 6001: 5999: 5989: 5985: 5975: 5973: 5965: 5964: 5957: 5947: 5945: 5940:. 2 June 2020. 5932: 5931: 5927: 5917: 5915: 5900: 5896: 5886: 5884: 5869: 5865: 5855: 5853: 5838: 5829: 5819: 5817: 5804: 5803: 5799: 5789: 5787: 5780:Financial Times 5770: 5763: 5753: 5751: 5741:Financial Times 5732: 5728: 5718: 5716: 5703: 5702: 5698: 5688: 5686: 5673: 5672: 5668: 5658: 5656: 5641: 5637: 5627: 5625: 5610: 5606: 5596: 5594: 5579: 5575: 5565: 5563: 5554: 5553: 5549: 5539: 5537: 5528: 5527: 5523: 5513: 5511: 5502: 5501: 5497: 5487: 5485: 5476: 5475: 5468: 5458: 5456: 5448: 5447: 5443: 5430: 5429: 5425: 5410: 5399: 5389: 5387: 5380: 5364: 5360: 5353: 5336: 5332: 5322: 5320: 5309: 5302: 5292: 5290: 5277: 5276: 5272: 5262: 5260: 5247: 5246: 5242: 5232: 5230: 5217: 5216: 5212: 5202: 5200: 5185: 5181: 5171: 5169: 5168:on 27 July 2011 5165: 5150: 5144: 5137: 5127: 5125: 5121: 5114: 5110: 5109: 5105: 5092: 5090: 5086: 5076: 5074: 5065: 5064: 5060: 5050: 5048: 5039: 5038: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5023: 5015: 5011: 4994: 4990: 4981: 4977: 4972: 4940: 4917: 4776:Macanese pataca 4746: 4736: 4729: 4683:corporate bonds 4674: 4578: 4572: 4531: 4515: 4439: 4416:Nicolas Sarkozy 4406:in July 2008." 4396: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4318: 4077:Philippine peso 3585:Norwegian krone 3423:Canadian dollar 3246: 3233: 3222: 3195: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3177: 3157: 3091: 2958: 2935: 2889: 2829:Mandarin pinyin 2805: 2745: 2739: 2638: 2577:national emblem 2569: 2545:Chinese Braille 2521:Arabic numerals 2517:Chinese numeral 2513:written Chinese 2498: 2487: 2481: 2478: 2467: 2455: 2444: 2424: 2401:public servants 2389:In April 2020, 2345:algorithmically 2341:Financial Times 2336:Financial Times 2320:property rights 2307:digital reminbi 2299: 2293: 2227:command economy 2223: 2206: 2173: 2142: 2129: 2127:Command economy 2123: 2022:; legal tender 2008:silver standard 1996:Spanish America 1964: 1942: 1931: 1925: 1922: 1911: 1899: 1884: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1859: 1855: 1848: 1698:currency symbol 1641: 1637: 1636: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1536: 1532: 1531: 1439: 1428: 1422: 1419: 1408: 1396: 1385: 1213:emerging market 1186:Federal Reserve 1166:competitiveness 1138: 830:Literal meaning 683: 682: 604:Literal meaning 571: 523: 514: 507: 483: 478: 453: 448: 421: 416: 402: 389: 359: 357: 354: 335: 325: 306: 296: 260: 232: 228: 227: 225: 204: 200: 199: 197: 156: 108: 95: 79: 67: 64: 55: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12813: 12803: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12752: 12751: 12739: 12727: 12715: 12703: 12680: 12679: 12677: 12676: 12671: 12664: 12663: 12656: 12648: 12647: 12644: 12643: 12640: 12639: 12637: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12620: 12618: 12612: 12611: 12609: 12608: 12603: 12598: 12593: 12588: 12583: 12582: 12581: 12576: 12566: 12561: 12556: 12555: 12554: 12549: 12538: 12536: 12530: 12529: 12527: 12526: 12521: 12516: 12515: 12514: 12507: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12459: 12457: 12451: 12450: 12447: 12446: 12444: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12428: 12423: 12418: 12413: 12408: 12403: 12398: 12393: 12388: 12383: 12378: 12373: 12371:Four Gentlemen 12368: 12363: 12357: 12355: 12354:Fours of China 12348: 12347: 12342: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12291: 12290: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12265: 12260: 12255: 12250: 12245: 12239: 12237: 12231: 12230: 12228: 12227: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12211: 12210: 12200: 12199: 12198: 12193: 12188: 12183: 12173: 12168: 12167: 12166: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12141: 12140: 12139: 12134: 12124: 12119: 12118: 12117: 12112: 12111: 12110: 12095: 12090: 12089: 12088: 12078: 12077: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12040: 12034: 12028: 12027: 12024: 12023: 12021: 12020: 12015: 12010: 12005: 12003:Civil aviation 12000: 11994: 11992: 11986: 11985: 11983: 11982: 11977: 11976: 11975: 11965: 11964: 11963: 11952: 11950: 11949:Infrastructure 11946: 11945: 11943: 11942: 11937: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11916: 11915: 11910: 11905: 11903:Semiconductors 11900: 11895: 11885: 11883:Historical GDP 11880: 11875: 11870: 11869: 11868: 11863: 11858: 11848: 11847: 11846: 11836: 11835: 11834: 11829: 11819: 11814: 11813: 11812: 11802: 11797: 11791: 11785: 11779: 11778: 11775: 11774: 11772: 11771: 11770: 11769: 11759: 11758: 11757: 11747: 11746: 11745: 11740: 11735: 11730: 11725: 11715: 11710: 11705: 11699: 11697: 11691: 11690: 11688: 11687: 11682: 11681: 11680: 11675: 11665: 11664: 11663: 11661:Vice President 11653: 11652: 11651: 11641: 11640: 11639: 11638: 11637: 11627: 11626: 11625: 11620: 11605: 11600: 11599: 11598: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11572: 11571: 11561: 11556: 11550: 11548: 11542: 11541: 11538: 11537: 11535: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11518: 11517: 11507: 11506: 11505: 11500: 11490: 11484: 11482: 11469: 11463: 11462: 11459: 11458: 11456: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11434: 11432: 11426: 11425: 11422: 11421: 11419: 11418: 11417: 11416: 11411: 11401: 11396: 11391: 11389:National parks 11386: 11381: 11376: 11371: 11369:Climate policy 11366: 11364:Climate change 11360: 11358: 11352: 11351: 11349: 11348: 11347: 11346: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11292: 11290: 11286: 11285: 11283: 11282: 11277: 11272: 11270:Central Plains 11259: 11254: 11253: 11252: 11247: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11201: 11199: 11195: 11194: 11192: 11191: 11190: 11189: 11184: 11174: 11173: 11172: 11167: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11141: 11139: 11130: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11117:Extreme points 11114: 11108: 11102: 11096: 11095: 11092: 11091: 11089: 11088: 11087: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11056: 11055: 11054: 11049: 11039: 11033: 11031: 11025: 11024: 11022: 11021: 11020: 11019: 11014: 11009: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10944: 10943: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10925:Three Kingdoms 10922: 10917: 10911: 10909: 10903: 10902: 10900: 10899: 10898: 10897: 10895:Warring States 10892: 10887: 10877: 10876: 10875: 10865: 10859: 10857: 10851: 10850: 10848: 10847: 10846: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10825: 10819: 10817: 10811: 10810: 10808: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10786: 10785: 10780: 10775: 10767: 10762: 10757: 10755:Historiography 10752: 10747: 10741: 10739: 10732: 10726: 10725: 10714: 10713: 10706: 10699: 10691: 10682: 10681: 10679: 10678: 10673: 10663: 10647: 10644: 10643: 10641: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10602: 10601: 10591: 10586: 10579: 10578: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10557: 10552: 10546: 10544: 10542:Related topics 10538: 10537: 10535: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10485: 10479: 10477: 10471: 10470: 10468: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10396: 10394: 10388: 10387: 10385: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10348: 10346: 10342: 10341: 10339: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10291:Social welfare 10288: 10282: 10280: 10274: 10273: 10271: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10189: 10187: 10181: 10180: 10178: 10177: 10176: 10175: 10170: 10169: 10168: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10147: 10146: 10136: 10135: 10134: 10124: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10085: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10038: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10017: 10006: 10004: 9994: 9993: 9991: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9964: 9962: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9912:Postal history 9909: 9907:Communications 9904: 9899: 9894: 9888: 9886: 9884:infrastructure 9876: 9875: 9873: 9872: 9871: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9850: 9845: 9844: 9843: 9841:Oil refineries 9838: 9828: 9823: 9817: 9815: 9809: 9808: 9806: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9779: 9777: 9771: 9770: 9768: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9746: 9745: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9684: 9683: 9675: 9670: 9661: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9636: 9635: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9583:Electric power 9580: 9578:Electric motor 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9509: 9508: 9497: 9495: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9473:Historical GDP 9470: 9465: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9431:Iron rice bowl 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9407: 9405: 9399: 9398: 9388: 9385: 9384: 9377: 9376: 9369: 9362: 9354: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9341: 9333: 9331: 9327: 9326: 9324: 9323: 9317: 9315: 9313:Cryptocurrency 9309: 9308: 9306: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9283: 9278: 9271: 9266: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9193: 9191: 9185: 9184: 9182: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8969: 8967: 8961: 8960: 8953: 8952: 8945: 8938: 8930: 8921: 8920: 8918: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8885:Lebanese pound 8882: 8877: 8876: 8875: 8857: 8856: 8855: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8817: 8816: 8804: 8802:Emirati dirham 8799: 8798: 8797: 8782:Egyptian pound 8779: 8777:Bahraini dinar 8774: 8769: 8763: 8761: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8753: 8748: 8747: 8746: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8687:Cambodian riel 8684: 8679: 8678: 8677: 8668: 8653: 8651: 8647: 8646: 8644: 8643: 8642: 8641: 8627: 8622: 8621: 8620: 8609:Pound sterling 8606: 8601: 8599:Nepalese rupee 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8574:Afghan afghani 8570: 8568: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8560: 8554: 8552: 8548: 8547: 8545: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8502: 8500: 8496: 8495: 8493: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8466: 8464: 8460: 8459: 8454: 8453: 8446: 8439: 8431: 8422: 8421: 8419: 8418: 8411: 8408: 8407: 8405: 8404: 8399: 8393: 8391: 8385: 8384: 8382: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8350: 8348: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8337: 8327: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8311: 8305: 8303: 8297: 8296: 8294: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8262: 8260: 8256: 8255: 8253: 8252: 8247: 8239: 8231: 8223: 8214: 8212: 8208: 8207: 8205: 8204: 8203: 8202: 8191: 8189: 8185: 8184: 8182: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8130: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8103: 8101: 8095: 8094: 8092: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8060: 8058: 8052: 8051: 8049: 8048: 8043: 8042: 8041: 8034:Xinjiang coins 8031: 8029:Mengjiang yuan 8026: 8024:Manchukuo yuan 8021: 8016: 8010: 8008: 8004: 8003: 8001: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7974: 7973: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7951:Da Shu coinage 7948: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7922: 7920: 7914: 7913: 7911: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7894: 7892: 7888: 7887: 7882: 7881: 7874: 7867: 7859: 7853: 7852: 7844: 7836: 7831: 7823: 7822:External links 7820: 7818: 7817: 7810: 7804: 7788: 7782: 7766: 7764:978-1906348816 7758:, Risk Books. 7750: 7738:, S. 222–229 ( 7728:Weekly Report. 7719: 7717: 7714: 7711: 7710: 7693:Treasury Today 7680: 7647: 7617: 7587: 7555: 7537: 7526:on 9 July 2023 7516:"人民幣在蒙古國被普遍使用" 7507: 7489:People's Daily 7470: 7438: 7412: 7386: 7356: 7330: 7304: 7275: 7246: 7216: 7186: 7163: 7130: 7100: 7084: 7049: 7024: 7007: 6977: 6941: 6911: 6900:on 2 June 2012 6881: 6850: 6818: 6786: 6760: 6738: 6706: 6675: 6658:New York Times 6644: 6618: 6587: 6569: 6551: 6524: 6493: 6482:on 24 May 2012 6467: 6436: 6418: 6392: 6374: 6348: 6328: 6311:Binary Tribune 6298: 6270: 6237: 6217: 6214:on 4 May 2013. 6193: 6174: 6155: 6129: 6120: 6110: 6097: 6084: 6066: 6040: 6009: 5983: 5955: 5925: 5894: 5863: 5827: 5797: 5761: 5726: 5696: 5666: 5635: 5604: 5573: 5547: 5521: 5495: 5466: 5441: 5423: 5397: 5378: 5358: 5351: 5330: 5300: 5270: 5240: 5210: 5179: 5135: 5103: 5084: 5058: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5022: 5021: 5009: 4988: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4967: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4939: 4936: 4916: 4913: 4827:convertibility 4823:Chen Shui-bian 4735: 4728: 4725: 4706: 4705: 4702: 4699: 4673: 4670: 4586:Vladimir Putin 4574:Main article: 4571: 4568: 4559: 4558: 4550: 4530: 4527: 4514: 4513:Futures market 4511: 4438: 4435: 4420:Stephen Harper 4395: 4392: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4338: 4337: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4315: 4314: 4306: 4303: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4292:Argentine peso 4288: 4287: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4271: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4254: 4251: 4248: 4240: 4237: 4235:Bahraini dinar 4231: 4230: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4214: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4130:Colombian peso 4126: 4125: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4051: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3962: 3961: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3939: 3936: 3930: 3929: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3896: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3878: 3877: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3788: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3770: 3769: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3747:Brazilian real 3743: 3742: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3608: 3607: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3527: 3526: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3473: 3472: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3253: 3249: 3248: 3243: 3240: 3235: 3228: 3221: 3220: 3213: 3206: 3198: 3190: 3189: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3156: 3153: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3085: 3066: 2967: 2873:Inner Mongolia 2857:Inner Mongolia 2804: 2801: 2741:Main article: 2738: 2735: 2734: 2733: 2716: 2704: 2696: 2671: 2670: 2654: 2653: 2637: 2634: 2568: 2565: 2500: 2499: 2458: 2456: 2449: 2443: 2440: 2423: 2420: 2349:interest rates 2295:Main article: 2292: 2289: 2259:Following the 2222: 2221:Convertibility 2219: 2205: 2202: 2172: 2169: 2141: 2138: 2122: 2119: 2040:hyperinflation 1992:Spanish dollar 1972:mainland China 1944: 1943: 1902: 1900: 1893: 1886: 1885: 1879:September 2021 1867:)) need to be 1862: 1860: 1853: 1847: 1844: 1801:; pinyin: 1783:; pinyin: 1762:United Kingdom 1669: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1655: 1646: 1632: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1618: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1601: 1596: 1589: 1580: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1557: 1550: 1541: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1518: 1511: 1494: 1490: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1476: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1451: 1448: 1441: 1440: 1399: 1397: 1390: 1384: 1381: 1367: 1366: 1340: 1336: 1335: 1309: 1301: 1300: 1274: 1271:Yahoo! Finance 1266: 1265: 1239: 1236:Google Finance 1231: 1230: 1158:market economy 1137: 1134: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1003: 994: 993: 987: 986: 976: 970: 969: 962: 956: 955: 948: 942: 941: 939:Yue: Cantonese 935: 934: 927: 921: 920: 914: 913: 903: 897: 896: 889: 883: 882: 875: 869: 868: 861: 855: 854: 848: 847: 846:Transcriptions 839: 838: 831: 827: 826: 819: 813: 812: 805: 799: 798: 794: 793: 790: 789: 782: 773: 772: 766: 765: 755: 749: 748: 741: 735: 734: 727: 721: 720: 718:Yue: Cantonese 714: 713: 706: 700: 699: 693: 692: 673: 667: 666: 659: 653: 652: 645: 639: 638: 631: 625: 624: 618: 617: 616:Transcriptions 609: 608: 605: 601: 600: 593: 587: 586: 579: 573: 572: 565: 557: 556: 553: 552: 542: 541: 538: 532: 531: 526: 520: 519: 517: 511: 510: 504: 498: 497: 493: 492: 481: 479: Website 475: 474: 469: 463: 462: 451: 449: Website 445: 444: 439: 433: 432: 419: 417: Website 413: 412: 407: 399: 398: 394: 393: 386:Mainland China 382: 378: 377: 369: 365: 364: 351: 347: 346: 342: 341: 338: 332: 331: 330:¥0.1, ¥0.5, ¥1 328: 322: 321: 319: 313: 312: 309: 303: 302: 299: 293: 292: 290: 286: 285: 273: 257: 256: 254: 250: 249: 237: 222: 221: 209: 194: 193: 191: 187: 186: 180: 179: 167: 163: 162: 154: 148: 147: 144: 140: 139: 121: 117: 116: 112: 111: 106: 100: 99: 92: 88: 87: 81: 80: 77: 69: 68: 63: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12812: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12762: 12760: 12750: 12740: 12738: 12728: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12714: 12704: 12702: 12697: 12692: 12691: 12688: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12666: 12661: 12657: 12654: 12650: 12649: 12645: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12621: 12619: 12617: 12613: 12607: 12604: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12580: 12579:Protestantism 12577: 12575: 12572: 12571: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12564:Folk religion 12562: 12560: 12557: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12544: 12543: 12540: 12539: 12537: 12535: 12531: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12512: 12508: 12505: 12501: 12500: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12468:Ethnic groups 12466: 12464: 12461: 12460: 12458: 12456: 12452: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12381:Four Beauties 12379: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12358: 12356: 12352: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12289: 12286: 12285: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12259: 12256: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12244: 12241: 12240: 12238: 12236: 12232: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12220:Urban society 12218: 12216: 12213: 12209: 12206: 12205: 12204: 12201: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12178: 12177: 12176:Social issues 12174: 12172: 12169: 12165: 12162: 12161: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12154:Rural society 12152: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12129: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12116: 12113: 12109: 12106: 12105: 12104: 12101: 12100: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12087: 12084: 12083: 12082: 12079: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12061: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12054:Chinese Dream 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12041: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12029: 12019: 12018:Space program 12016: 12014: 12011: 12009: 12006: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11996: 11995: 11993: 11991: 11987: 11981: 11978: 11974: 11971: 11970: 11969: 11966: 11962: 11959: 11958: 11957: 11954: 11953: 11951: 11947: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11890: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11853: 11852: 11849: 11845: 11842: 11841: 11840: 11837: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11824: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11811: 11808: 11807: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11792: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11780: 11768: 11765: 11764: 11763: 11760: 11756: 11753: 11752: 11751: 11748: 11744: 11741: 11739: 11736: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11720: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11701: 11700: 11698: 11696: 11692: 11686: 11683: 11679: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11670: 11669: 11668:State Council 11666: 11662: 11659: 11658: 11657: 11654: 11650: 11647: 11646: 11645: 11642: 11636: 11633: 11632: 11631: 11628: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11615: 11614: 11611: 11610: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11597: 11594: 11593: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11570: 11567: 11566: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11554:Civil service 11552: 11551: 11549: 11547: 11543: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11516: 11513: 11512: 11511: 11508: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11495: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11485: 11483: 11481: 11477: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11464: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11435: 11433: 11431: 11427: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11406: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11357: 11353: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11326: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11293: 11291: 11287: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11267: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11242: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11202: 11200: 11196: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11179: 11178: 11175: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11162: 11161: 11160:South Central 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11142: 11140: 11138: 11134: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11109: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11097: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11061: 11060: 11057: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11044: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11034: 11032: 11030: 11026: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11004: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10947:Jin (266–420) 10945: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10927: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10912: 10910: 10908: 10904: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10882: 10881: 10878: 10874: 10871: 10870: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10860: 10858: 10856: 10852: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10830: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10820: 10818: 10816: 10812: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10790:Ethnic groups 10788: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10771: 10770: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10742: 10740: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10727: 10723: 10719: 10712: 10707: 10705: 10700: 10698: 10693: 10692: 10689: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10664: 10662: 10654: 10653: 10649: 10648: 10645: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10618: 10617:Made in China 10614: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10604: 10600: 10597: 10596: 10595: 10594:Globalization 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10584: 10580: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10563: 10562: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10547: 10545: 10543: 10539: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10480: 10478: 10476: 10472: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10397: 10395: 10393: 10389: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10372:Go Out policy 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10350: 10349: 10347: 10343: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10283: 10281: 10279: 10275: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10190: 10188: 10186: 10182: 10174: 10171: 10167: 10164: 10163: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10145: 10142: 10141: 10140: 10137: 10133: 10130: 10129: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10119: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10059: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10022: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10008: 10007: 10005: 10003: 9999: 9995: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9965: 9963: 9959: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9892:Trade history 9890: 9889: 9887: 9885: 9881: 9877: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9855: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9833: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9821:Energy policy 9819: 9818: 9816: 9814: 9810: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9780: 9778: 9776: 9772: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9744: 9741: 9740: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9682: 9679: 9678: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9650:Pearl farming 9648: 9646: 9645:Online gaming 9643: 9641: 9638: 9634: 9631: 9630: 9629: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9548:Biotechnology 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9507: 9504: 9503: 9502: 9499: 9498: 9496: 9494: 9490: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9463: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9408: 9406: 9404: 9400: 9396: 9386: 9382: 9375: 9370: 9368: 9363: 9361: 9356: 9355: 9352: 9340: 9335: 9334: 9332: 9328: 9322: 9319: 9318: 9316: 9314: 9310: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9288: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9276: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9264: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9194: 9192: 9190: 9186: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9072: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9000: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8970: 8968: 8966: 8962: 8958: 8951: 8946: 8944: 8939: 8937: 8932: 8931: 8928: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8880:Kuwaiti dinar 8878: 8874: 8872: 8868: 8863: 8862: 8861: 8858: 8854: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8839: 8838: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8821:Georgian lari 8819: 8814: 8810: 8809: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8796: 8794: 8790: 8785: 8784: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8767:Armenian dram 8765: 8764: 8762: 8758: 8752: 8749: 8744: 8740: 8739: 8734: 8733: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8682:Brunei dollar 8680: 8675: 8674: 8669: 8666: 8665: 8660: 8659: 8658: 8655: 8654: 8652: 8648: 8639: 8638: 8633: 8632: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8618: 8617: 8612: 8611: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8565: 8559: 8558:Russian ruble 8556: 8555: 8553: 8549: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8507: 8504: 8503: 8501: 8497: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8467: 8465: 8461: 8452: 8447: 8445: 8440: 8438: 8433: 8432: 8429: 8417: 8413: 8412: 8409: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8394: 8392: 8390: 8386: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8342: 8335: 8331: 8328: 8326:Silver dollar 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8302: 8298: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8281:Zhaona Xinbao 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8263: 8261: 8257: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8245: 8240: 8238: 8237: 8232: 8230: 8229: 8224: 8222: 8221: 8216: 8215: 8213: 8209: 8201: 8200:Ancestor coin 8198: 8197: 8196: 8193: 8192: 8190: 8186: 8180: 8179:Silver Dragon 8177: 8175: 8174:Hubu Guanpiao 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8109: 8108: 8105: 8104: 8102: 8100: 8096: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8074:Ant-nose coin 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8053: 8047: 8044: 8040: 8037: 8036: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8019:Kucha coinage 8017: 8015: 8012: 8011: 8009: 8005: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7972: 7971:Da Qi coinage 7969: 7968: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7923: 7921: 7919: 7915: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7895: 7893: 7889: 7880: 7875: 7873: 7868: 7866: 7861: 7860: 7857: 7848: 7845: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7829: 7826: 7825: 7815: 7811: 7807: 7805:0-87341-207-9 7801: 7797: 7795: 7789: 7785: 7779: 7775: 7773: 7767: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7756: 7751: 7748: 7744: 7741: 7737: 7733: 7729: 7725: 7721: 7720: 7698: 7694: 7690: 7684: 7665: 7658: 7651: 7635: 7631: 7627: 7621: 7605: 7601: 7594: 7592: 7572: 7565: 7559: 7551: 7547: 7541: 7525: 7521: 7517: 7511: 7495: 7491: 7490: 7485: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7458: 7454: 7449: 7442: 7426: 7422: 7416: 7400: 7396: 7390: 7374: 7370: 7366: 7360: 7344: 7340: 7334: 7318: 7314: 7308: 7301: 7289: 7285: 7279: 7272: 7260: 7256: 7250: 7234: 7230: 7226: 7220: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7190: 7182: 7178: 7174: 7167: 7151: 7147: 7146: 7141: 7134: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7104: 7097: 7093: 7088: 7071: 7066: 7065: 7060: 7053: 7044: 7039: 7035: 7028: 7021: 7017: 7016:The Telegraph 7011: 6995: 6991: 6987: 6981: 6962: 6958: 6951: 6945: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6915: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6885: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6854: 6835: 6828: 6822: 6806: 6802: 6801: 6796: 6790: 6774: 6770: 6764: 6756: 6752: 6750: 6747:"World Bank: 6742: 6723: 6720:. CME Group. 6716: 6710: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6679: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6648: 6632: 6628: 6622: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6595:Wang, Wynne. 6591: 6583: 6579: 6573: 6565: 6561: 6555: 6539: 6535: 6528: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6497: 6481: 6477: 6471: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6440: 6434: 6430: 6427: 6422: 6406: 6402: 6396: 6388: 6384: 6378: 6362: 6358: 6352: 6345: 6341: 6338: 6332: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6302: 6291: 6287: 6280: 6274: 6258: 6254: 6253: 6248: 6241: 6233: 6229: 6221: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6197: 6190: 6186: 6183: 6178: 6171: 6167: 6164: 6159: 6143: 6139: 6133: 6124: 6114: 6107: 6101: 6094: 6088: 6080: 6076: 6070: 6054: 6050: 6044: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6013: 5998: 5994: 5987: 5972: 5968: 5962: 5960: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5929: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5898: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5867: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5801: 5785: 5781: 5776: 5768: 5766: 5748: 5743: 5742: 5737: 5730: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5700: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5670: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5639: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5608: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5577: 5561: 5557: 5551: 5535: 5531: 5525: 5509: 5505: 5499: 5483: 5479: 5473: 5471: 5455: 5451: 5445: 5437: 5433: 5427: 5419: 5415: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5385: 5381: 5379:9783319076775 5375: 5371: 5370: 5362: 5354: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5334: 5318: 5314: 5307: 5305: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5274: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5244: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5214: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5183: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5149: 5142: 5140: 5120: 5113: 5107: 5099: 5095: 5088: 5072: 5068: 5062: 5046: 5042: 5036: 5032: 5019: 5013: 5006: 5003:and the word 5002: 4998: 4992: 4985: 4979: 4975: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4941: 4935: 4932: 4929: 4921: 4915:Other markets 4912: 4910: 4906: 4905:Hui Xian REIT 4902: 4898: 4897:dim sum bonds 4893: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4844:and northern 4843: 4839: 4834: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4795: 4793: 4789: 4784: 4782: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4745: 4744:exchange rate 4742: 4733: 4724: 4720: 4718: 4714: 4709: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4669: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4631: 4628:, and select 4627: 4623: 4619: 4616:province and 4615: 4610: 4608: 4604: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4567: 4565: 4555: 4551: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4526: 4524: 4520: 4510: 4506: 4504: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4448: 4444: 4437:Managed float 4434: 4432: 4427: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4407: 4403: 4401: 4391: 4389: 4384: 4380: 4377: 4368: 4362: 4359: 4356: 4349: 4346: 4343: 4339: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4316: 4307: 4304: 4301: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4289: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4273:лв., lv., lev 4272: 4269: 4267: 4266:Bulgarian lev 4264: 4263: 4255: 4252: 4249: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4198: 4195: 4192: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4180: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4156:Russian ruble 4154: 4153: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4119: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4043: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3990: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3825: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3771: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3744: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3690: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3636: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3555: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3531:Swedish krona 3529: 3528: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3474: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3447: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3420: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3393: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3366: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3285: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3251: 3250: 3239: 3232: 3225: 3219: 3214: 3212: 3207: 3205: 3200: 3199: 3187: 3172: 3170: 3169:Deng Xiaoping 3166: 3162: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3100: 3096: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3059:Mimang Xogngü 3056: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2969:When used in 2968: 2965: 2964:arad-un ǰoγos 2959:ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠣᠰ 2955: 2951: 2950:arad-un jogos 2947: 2943: 2932: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2871:When used in 2870: 2869: 2868: 2862: 2858: 2853: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2814: 2809: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2769: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2744: 2730: 2726: 2721: 2717: 2714: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2642: 2641: 2633: 2629: 2626: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2612: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2564: 2561: 2557: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2511: 2506: 2496: 2493: 2485: 2475: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2459:This section 2457: 2453: 2448: 2447: 2439: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2419: 2417: 2412: 2411: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2393: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2304: 2298: 2288: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2238: 2234: 2232: 2228: 2218: 2216: 2211: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2189:Bank of China 2186: 2178: 2168: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2157:State Council 2153: 2151: 2147: 2137: 2134: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2108: 2100: 2092: 2084: 2076: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2025: 2024:fiat currency 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1963: 1955: 1950: 1940: 1937: 1929: 1919: 1915: 1909: 1908: 1903:This section 1901: 1897: 1892: 1891: 1882: 1870: 1866: 1865:zh:第五套人民币#第三版 1861: 1852: 1851: 1843: 1841: 1836: 1834: 1828: 1820: 1814: 1806: 1790: 1788: 1778: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1741: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1656: 1652: 1647: 1634: 1633: 1629: 1627:kuai or quay 1626: 1624: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1590: 1586: 1581: 1568: 1567: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1512: 1508: 1500: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1437: 1434: 1426: 1416: 1412: 1406: 1405: 1400:This section 1398: 1394: 1389: 1388: 1377: 1373: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1190:central banks 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1170:exchange rate 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1133: 1131: 1123: 1115: 1107: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1059: 1054: 1044: 1038: 1030: 1026: 1016: 1004: 1002: 999: 995: 992: 988: 982: 977: 975: 971: 963: 961: 957: 949: 947: 943: 940: 936: 928: 926: 922: 919: 915: 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RIETI. 6367:26 August 5454:OANDA.COM 5339:Jin, Keyu 5323:6 October 4890:Indonesia 4882:Indonesia 4756:Hong Kong 4662:Australia 4650:Sri Lanka 4622:Hong Kong 4614:Guangdong 4517:Renminbi 4503:hot money 4476:Thai baht 4299:$ , Arg$ 4137:$ , Col$ 3828:Thai baht 3673:$ , Mex$ 3430:$ , Can$ 3227:Currency 3175:Economics 3104:中国印钞造币总公司 3082:خەلق پۇلى 3074:Xelq puli 3017:) or 100 3007:སྒོར་ཟུར་ 2954:Mongolian 2942:Mongolian 2931:Mongolian 2919:Mongolian 2907:Mongolian 2885:Mongolian 2833:Mongolian 2727:chairman 2688:Mongolian 2667:Dong Biwu 2636:Banknotes 2618:mint sets 2573:aluminium 2571:In 1953, 2525:Mongolian 2482:June 2021 2438:and RMB. 2407:quoted a 2254:hot money 2014:was made 1988:Singapore 1980:Hong Kong 1952:China M2 1926:June 2021 1683:Hong Kong 1564:"corner" 1485:renminbi 1423:June 2021 1146:US dollar 1136:Valuation 502:Inflation 496:Valuation 289:Banknotes 12780:Renminbi 12669:Category 12542:Buddhism 12534:Religion 12511:Post-90s 12504:Post-80s 12248:Archives 12115:HIV/AIDS 12086:Literacy 12044:Abortion 11973:Internet 11930:Taxation 11913:Textiles 11893:Chemical 11888:Industry 11817:Currency 11695:Military 11503:in Tibet 11467:Politics 11404:Wildlife 11316:Wetlands 11079:COVID-19 10907:Imperial 10805:Monarchs 10765:Language 10750:Timeline 10722:articles 10661:Category 10104:Renminbi 9922:Shipping 9755:Textiles 9723:Software 9713:Shipping 9708:Sex toys 9677:Railway 9659:pharmacy 9613:Internet 9603:Gambling 9533:Aircraft 9528:Aviation 9501:Industry 8506:Renminbi 8345:Renminbi 8159:Jiaochao 8099:Imperial 8069:Tong Bei 8039:Hongqian 7998:Shengbao 7891:Overview 7743:Archived 7640:20 April 7634:Archived 7604:Archived 7571:Archived 7494:Archived 7463:13 March 7457:Archived 7431:21 March 7405:21 March 7379:22 March 7373:Archived 7323:22 March 7317:Archived 7294:23 March 7265:23 March 7259:Archived 7203:Archived 7150:Archived 7123:30 April 6928:Archived 6868:Archived 6834:Archived 6805:Archived 6773:Archived 6722:Archived 6699:4 August 6693:Archived 6668:11 April 6662:Archived 6631:Archived 6611:14 March 6605:Archived 6544:21 March 6538:Archived 6511:Archived 6460:8 August 6454:Archived 6429:Archived 6405:Archived 6361:Archived 6340:Archived 6315:Archived 6290:Archived 6263:18 March 6257:Archived 6252:BBC News 6185:Archived 6166:Archived 6053:Archived 6033:26 March 6027:Archived 5942:Archived 5912:Archived 5887:11 April 5881:Archived 5856:11 April 5850:Archived 5814:Archived 5784:Archived 5713:Archived 5683:Archived 5653:Archived 5622:Archived 5591:Archived 5587:NY Times 5566:15 March 5560:Archived 5540:15 March 5534:Archived 5508:Archived 5482:Archived 5459:29 April 5384:Archived 5341:(2023). 5197:Archived 5119:Archived 5071:Archived 5045:Archived 4997:Sterling 4938:See also 4870:Mandalay 4850:Cambodia 4846:Thailand 4842:Mongolia 4838:Pakistan 4788:Portugal 4774:and the 4750:The two 4685:through 4654:Thailand 4618:Shanghai 4472:sterling 4058:, SRl(s) 4027:$ , Ch$ 3781:kr., DKr 3619:$ , $ NZ 3457:Fr., fr. 3369:Renminbi 3342:Sterling 3268:$ , US$ 3231:ISO 4217 3141:Shenyang 3133:Nanchang 3117:Shanghai 3070:Xinjiang 2899:Mongolia 2892:, төгрөг 2890:ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ᠌ 2771:For the 2752:chairman 2442:Issuance 2281:sterling 2244:but not 2115:renminbi 2079:中國人民銀行鈔票 2071:中国人民银行钞票 1777:Mandarin 1754:sterling 1744:Renminbi 1675:ISO code 1630:"piece" 1480:rénmínbì 1458:English 1450:Chinese 1162:devalued 1083:currency 1063:ISO code 1042:Rénmínbì 1025:renminbi 960:Jyutping 873:Bopomofo 823:圓 (or 元) 809:圆 (or 元) 739:Jyutping 643:Bopomofo 635:Rénmínbì 568:Renminbi 550:Renminbi 397:Issuance 391:Wa State 368:Replaced 253:Nickname 166:Nickname 85:ISO 4217 44:Renminbi 12725:Economy 12687:Portals 12653:Outline 12616:Symbols 12473:Eunuchs 12320:Smoking 12268:Cuisine 12235:Culture 12225:Welfare 12196:Suicide 12164:history 12032:Society 11961:Housing 11935:Tourism 11920:Poverty 11805:Banking 11783:Economy 11762:Militia 11673:Premier 11275:Valleys 11235:Islands 11220:Deserts 11210:Canyons 11198:Terrain 11177:Western 11165:Central 11137:Regions 11122:Geology 11112:Borders 10855:Ancient 10838:Yangtze 10745:History 10730:History 10623:Mingong 10570:Top 500 10565:Largest 10296:Poverty 10025:History 10020:Banking 10002:banking 9998:Finance 9947:Exports 9917:Tourism 9848:Nuclear 9750:Tourism 9743:digital 9598:Fishing 9506:history 9411:History 9403:History 8741:, with 8697:Lao kip 8463:Central 8379:Digital 8244:(liǎng) 8112:Strings 8056:Ancient 7673:14 July 7000:22 July 6934:8 April 6904:10 June 6771:. 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