478:
training commands. With hindsight, the area commands were judged adequate for the organisation of the Air Force in the early years of World War II, but not for the rapid response times and concentration of force necessary to properly prepare for attacks on
Australia following the start of the Pacific War, nor for conducting offensive operations from 1943 onwards. Air Marshal Jones, who had retained his position as Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) following the war, resisted pressure to replace the area structure. He was persuaded by his staff to set up a conference to discuss the possibility of change, but participation by the CAS, who had been satisfied with the wartime system, and the area commanders themselves, whose positions were on the line, was half-hearted at best. Jones did suggest reducing the number of area commands to three (Northern Area to cover Queensland and the Northern Territory, Eastern Area to cover New South Wales, and Southern Area to encompass Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania) as part of a much larger proposal to restructure the post-war RAAF, but this never eventuated.
485:, who was well versed in the functional command system employed in Britain. Hardman believed that restructuring the Air Force would remove inefficiencies and duplication, and permit commanders greater autonomy, allowing more effective concentration of strength in a potential combat situation. He declared that the RAAF was "the one force that could quickly strike for Australia's and the Commonwealth's defence in South East Asia". To this end he proposed reorganising command and control of the Air Force according to three major functions: operations, covering home defence and mobile task forces; training, including all permanent, reserve and
106:. The area command structure was no longer considered appropriate for delivering the concentration of force necessary for combat, and the Federal government decided to replace it with a functional command-and-control system. In 1953, Eastern Area Command was re-formed as Home Command (controlling operations), Southern Area Command was re-formed as Training Command, and Maintenance Group was re-designated Maintenance Command. The three remaining area commands ceded their authority to the functional commands in 1954, and were disbanded by the end of 1956.
335:. The first two commands established, in March 1940, were Southern Area, which essentially took over the role and headquarters of No. 1 Group in Melbourne, and Central Area, which evolved from No. 2 Group in Sydney. Western and Northern Areas eventually followed in January and May 1941, respectively; pending their formation, units in Queensland were temporarily controlled by Central Area Command, and those in Western Australia, Northern Territory and Papua came under the direct control of RAAF Headquarters.
517:
Command was formed from the extant
Maintenance Group—as No. 4 (Maintenance) Group had been known since July 1947—headquartered in Melbourne. The transition to a functional system was completed in February 1954, when the three new commands assumed control of all operations, training and maintenance from Western, North-Western, and North-Eastern Area Commands. The headquarters of these three area commands remained in existence but only, according to the Melbourne
434:. In August that year, RAAF Headquarters proposed disbanding the training and maintenance groups formed in 1941–42 and return their functions to the control of the area commands, but no action was taken. The same month, the Air Board recommended carving a new Central Area Command out of Eastern Area, which it considered too large to be controlled by one headquarters. This proposed Central Area would have been responsible for units in southern Queensland but the
505:
283:
457:. In recommending the Morotai garrison's establishment, Bostock explained that while it shared the static characteristic of an area command, it differed in that the area commands were part of the permanent structure of the Air Force and situated within the borders of Australia's mainland and overseas territories, whereas the new formation was a temporary wartime measure, headquartered on foreign territory.
466:
269:
255:
120:
752:
415:. Bostock exercised control of Australian air operations through the area commands, although RAAF Headquarters continued to hold overarching administrative authority, meaning that Bostock and his area commanders were ultimately dependent for supplies and equipment on the Chief of the Air Staff, Air Vice-Marshal
371:
commands focussed on maritime patrol and anti-submarine warfare. Further convergence of command-and-control responsibilities along semi-geographical, semi-functional lines took place between June and
September 1942, when authority over maintenance units was transferred from the area commands to the newly formed
473:
Following the end of the
Pacific War in August 1945, SWPA was dissolved and the Air Board again assumed full control of all its operational formations. Nos. 1 and 2 (Training) Groups, and No. 5 (Maintenance) Group, were disbanded between January and March 1946. Northern Command, having
240:
that trained flying instructors, as their range of responsibilities crossed area boundaries and therefore came under the direct control of RAAF Headquarters. The static area system was primarily defensive in nature, but considered well-suited to training new pilots, who could be instructed at flying
516:
operational organisation owing to the preponderance of such forces within its boundaries. Training
Command was formed from Southern Area Command, as it was already the hub of training services, controlling those in New South Wales and Queensland as well as Victoria and South Australia. Maintenance
191:
decided to implement a decentralised form of command and control, commensurate with an envisioned increase in manpower and units. The RAAF's initial move in this direction was to create Nos. 1 and 2 Groups in
November 1939, the former based in Melbourne to control units in Victoria, and the
477:
In the aftermath of the war, a geographically based command-and-control system was considered outmoded, and calls came to replace it with a system based on function. Bostock, who found the area boundaries "arbitrary", proposed a functional structure consisting of operational, maintenance, and
370:
was established in May 1942 to take over control of operational units in New South Wales and southern
Queensland. These arrangements stabilised the number of area commands at five. Of necessity, the two northerly commands were primarily responsible for bombing and air defence, while the other
22:
95:, was created, making a total of five commands. The same year, the RAAF formed two functional groups that assumed the maintenance role of the area commands; the latter focussed on operations until the end of hostilities. A new area command covering RAAF units in New Guinea,
426:, a self-contained tactical air force that could keep pace with Allied advances north through New Guinea and towards Japan. By April 1944, No. 9 Group had become a garrison force in New Guinea and lost its mobile function to No. 10 (Operational) Group (later the
474:
been re-designated
Northern Area in December 1945, was disbanded in February 1947. The other area commands continued to function with essentially the same boundaries as during the war, except that North-Western Area no longer covered the Dutch East Indies.
36:(RAAF) between 1940 and 1954. Established in response to the outbreak of World War II, they underpinned the Air Force's geographically based command-and-control system for the duration of the conflict and into the early years of the
379:
in Sydney. Some fine-tuning of the area boundaries occurred in August: as well as the
Northern Territory, North-Western Area was given responsibility for the portion of Western Australia north of a line drawn south-east from
338:
By mid-1941, RAAF Headquarters had determined to form training units in the southern and eastern states into semi-geographical, semi-functional groups separate to the area commands. This led to the establishment in August of
219:
and believed that
Australia's huge land mass would make a functional command system unwieldy. He proceeded to reorganise the Air Force into a geographically based "area" system. The roles of each area command were the same:
1636:
391:
Until 1942, RAAF Headquarters exercised complete operational and administrative control over the area commands. In April that year, Allied Air Forces (AAF) Headquarters was established under General
207:, proposed organising the RAAF along functional lines with Home Defence, Training, and Maintenance Commands, but the Federal government did not take up this plan. Goble was replaced in February by a
543:
and Training Command. In 1997, logistics management became the responsibility of Support Command (Air Force), the RAAF component of the Defence-wide Support Command Australia (later subsumed by the
430:). No. 9 Group was therefore re-formed as a dedicated area command covering air units in New Guinea; Bostock had recommended calling it Northern Area, before RAAF Headquarters settled on
102:
By the early 1950s, most operational units were based within Eastern Area Command, most Air Force training was controlled by Southern Area Command, and maintenance was the responsibility of
523:, as "remote control points" for Home Command. North-Western Area Command was disbanded in June 1955, Western Area Command in November 1956, and North-Eastern Area Command in December 1956.
351:, between Southern Area, Northern Area, and No. 2 (Training) Group. Western Area retained responsibility for training, as well as operations and maintenance, within its boundaries.
75:
that assumed the training role of the southern and eastern states; Central Area was disbanded and most of its units taken over by Northern and Southern Areas, and the newly formed
1833:
71:. They oversaw most of the operations, training and maintenance within their boundaries. A concession to functional control occurred in mid-1941, when the Air Force formed two
366:, to counter distinct Japanese threats to Northern Australia and New Guinea, respectively. Southern Area was also considered appropriate for subdivision owing to its size, so
489:
recruitment and instruction; and maintenance, responsible for supply, equipment and other logistical services. The three functions were duly constituted in October 1953 as
531:
The functional commands established in 1953–54 were revised in 1959. Home Command was renamed Operational Command, and Training and Maintenance Commands merged to become
1644:
236:(AOC) who was responsible for the administration and operations of all bases and units within his boundary. Exceptions to this policy included aircraft depots and the
820:
55:
The area commands and their responsibilities evolved over time according to changing circumstances. The RAAF established four commands to begin with in 1940–41:
288:
Air Chief Marshal Burnett (right), who instituted the RAAF's area command system in 1940–41, with Air Vice-Marshals Jones (left) and Bostock (centre), May 1942
1421:
1696:
399:(SWPA), with operational authority over all RAAF combat infrastructure, including the area commands. In September the new AAF commander, Major General
347:
in Sydney, covering New South Wales and Queensland. Central Area was then disbanded and its responsibilities "divided as convenient", according to the
184:
1224:
1189:
1167:
1145:
1123:
1101:
1079:
1041:
972:
908:
855:
801:
1498:
469:
The area commands in 1947; these boundaries remained in place until the structure was superseded by a functional command system beginning in 1953
1327:
1981:
1583:
1900:
1666:
1323:
422:
To help overcome the static nature of the area command system, in September 1942 the RAAF created a large mobile formation known as
1842:
563:
The RAAF raised eight area commands over the course of World War II, and five of them continued to operate into the 1950s:
453:, using elements of Northern Command and the First Tactical Air Force; this freed the latter from garrison duties following the
216:
1869:
1850:
1800:
1732:
1709:
348:
1279:
427:
1935:
1930:
1594:
684:
665:
396:
363:
359:
88:
84:
1893:
1283:
200:
172:
72:
1772:
1522:
548:
544:
212:
168:
1950:
1940:
643:
583:
423:
320:
296:
176:
68:
56:
1745:
Australia in the War of 1939–1945: Series Three (Air) Volume I – Royal Australian Air Force 1939–1942
1955:
1925:
1920:
1886:
703:
624:
605:
416:
367:
316:
312:
92:
64:
60:
1218:
1183:
1161:
1139:
1117:
1095:
1073:
1035:
1004:
966:
902:
849:
795:
481:
The Federal government retired Jones in February 1952 and replaced him with an RAF officer, Air Marshal
1640:
241:
schools and mentored through their initial squadron postings, all within the same geographical region.
237:
128:
33:
1816:
Australia in the War of 1939–1945: Series Three (Air) Volume II – Air War Against Japan 1943–1945
344:
340:
76:
498:
49:
1945:
1749:
1724:
1487:. Unit History Sheets (Form A50). Canberra: Directorate of History – Air Force. p. 103.
725:
431:
96:
555:
under Air Command, in 2006. Air Command became the sole command-level organisation in the RAAF.
1976:
1670:
540:
454:
233:
103:
1598:
1517:
598:
519:
494:
229:
221:
188:
45:
532:
144:
1793:
The Australian Centenary History of Defence Volume IV: Making the Australian Defence Force
8:
552:
315:, covering units in New South Wales except southern Riverina and the north of the state;
152:
132:
1492:
512:
Home Command was formed from the existing Eastern Area Command, which was considered a
332:
328:
167:. An air force of this size did not require large-scale operational formations such as
148:
1865:
1846:
1820:
1796:
1776:
1753:
1728:
1705:
718:
490:
450:
442:
392:
179:, as all units could be directly administered and controlled by RAAF Headquarters in
164:
123:
Air Vice-Marshal Goble, who proposed a functional command system for the RAAF in 1940
41:
438:
deferred its decision, as it had when a similar concept was raised in October 1943.
536:
486:
385:
376:
372:
282:
160:
1228:
1193:
1171:
1149:
1127:
1105:
1083:
1045:
976:
912:
859:
805:
412:
404:
304:
208:
156:
136:
79:. The area structure was further revised in 1942, following the outbreak of the
482:
1970:
1824:
1814:
1810:
1780:
1743:
1512:
400:
204:
140:
1788:
1757:
1718:
408:
1513:"Battle 'nerve-centre' goes north RAAF fighting control shifted from here"
1766:
435:
384:
to the Northern Territory border, and part of Queensland adjacent to the
381:
355:
80:
508:
Air Marshal Hardman, who instituted the RAAF's functional command system
465:
324:
268:
254:
215:, who focussed on rapid expansion of the RAAF to meet the needs of the
135:, two aircraft depots and a flying school, situated at five air bases:
21:
1878:
1110:
180:
830:. No. 121. Canberra: Air Power Development Centre. October 2009
1154:
751:
358:
in December 1941, Northern Area was split the following month into
343:
in Melbourne, covering Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia, and
308:
300:
225:
40:, until being superseded by a functional control system made up of
37:
1719:
Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin (2008) .
1431:. No. 106. Canberra: Air Power Development Centre. March 2009
446:
32:
were the major operational and administrative formations of the
193:
504:
1017:
1015:
119:
821:"Organising for War: The RAAF Air Campaigns in the Pacific"
539:
in 1987, and three years later Support Command split into
1012:
460:
1698:
How Not to Run an Air Force! Volume One – Narrative
1482:
1055:
1053:
99:, was formed in 1944 and dissolved soon after the war.
1324:"Order of Battle – Air Force – Headquarters"
986:
984:
774:
772:
770:
768:
1346:
1344:
1835:
Going Solo: The Royal Australian Air Force 1946–1971
1176:
1050:
897:
895:
893:
790:
788:
1721:
The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History
1558:
The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History
981:
765:
1341:
961:
959:
943:
558:
403:, formed the majority of his US flying units into
260:The four area commands as planned in February 1940
1422:"Sir Donald Hardman's Reorganisation of the RAAF"
890:
785:
407:, and most of their Australian counterparts into
1968:
956:
815:
813:
419:, who had taken over from Burnett in May 1942.
295:The RAAF planned four area commands initially:
323:, covering units in northern New South Wales,
1894:
1764:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1669:. Royal Australian Air Force. Archived from
810:
1704:. Canberra: RAAF Air Power Studies Centre.
1497:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1198:
319:, covering units in Western Australia; and
274:The three area commands as at December 1941
1901:
1887:
1409:
755:RAAF higher organisation as at August 1945
746:
1862:The Royal Australian Air Force: A History
1550:
1211:
16:Royal Australian Air Force command system
1859:
1843:Australian Government Publishing Service
1831:
1741:
1694:
750:
503:
464:
244:
118:
20:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1969:
1908:
1809:
1795:. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
1787:
1318:
1316:
1314:
461:Post-war organisation and supersession
1882:
1819:. Canberra: Australian War Memorial.
547:). Training Command was re-formed as
196:to control units in New South Wales.
127:On the eve of World War II, the
114:
1982:Structure of contemporary air forces
1443:
25:RAAF area command boundaries in 1944
1864:. London: Oxford University Press.
1624:Making the Australian Defence Force
1597:. 1998. p. 224. Archived from
1311:
428:Australian First Tactical Air Force
13:
535:. Operational Command was renamed
299:, covering all units in Victoria,
14:
1993:
211:(RAF) officer, Air Chief Marshal
1483:No. 4 Maintenance Group (1947).
281:
267:
253:
1659:
1629:
1616:
1576:
1563:
1537:
1505:
1476:
1463:
1396:
1383:
1370:
1357:
1328:Department of Veterans' Affairs
1298:
1272:
1259:
1246:
1233:
1132:
1088:
1066:
1028:
997:
559:Summary of area commands formed
131:(RAAF) comprised twelve flying
83:; Northern Area was split into
1571:The Royal Australian Air Force
1284:National Archives of Australia
1206:The Royal Australian Air Force
1061:The Royal Australian Air Force
930:
917:
877:
864:
842:
780:The Royal Australian Air Force
424:No. 9 (Operational) Group
377:No. 5 (Maintenance) Group
373:No. 4 (Maintenance) Group
1:
1773:University of New South Wales
1688:
1591:Defence Annual Report 1997–98
1523:National Library of Australia
545:Defence Materiel Organisation
311:district of New South Wales;
1584:"Program 6: Support Command"
526:
7:
1378:How Not to Run an Air Force
1306:How Not to Run an Air Force
1267:How Not to Run an Air Force
1254:How Not to Run an Air Force
1241:How Not to Run an Air Force
1023:How Not to Run an Air Force
992:How Not to Run an Air Force
951:How Not to Run an Air Force
938:How Not to Run an Air Force
925:How Not to Run an Air Force
885:How Not to Run an Air Force
872:How Not to Run an Air Force
660:North-Western Area Command
349:official history of the war
345:No. 2 (Training) Group
341:No. 1 (Training) Group
77:No. 2 (Training) Group
10:
1998:
1936:North-Western Area Command
1931:North-Eastern Area Command
1742:Gillison, Douglas (1962).
1641:Royal Australian Air Force
1637:"Air Force Training Group"
1185:Royal Australian Air Force
1141:Royal Australian Air Force
1097:Royal Australian Air Force
1075:Royal Australian Air Force
1037:Royal Australian Air Force
1006:Royal Australian Air Force
968:Royal Australian Air Force
904:Royal Australian Air Force
851:Royal Australian Air Force
797:Royal Australian Air Force
685:North-Western Area Command
666:North-Eastern Area Command
658:North-Eastern Area Command
411:, led by Air Vice-Marshal
232:. Each area was led by an
217:Empire Air Training Scheme
129:Royal Australian Air Force
109:
34:Royal Australian Air Force
1916:
1695:Ashworth, Norman (2000).
1286:. 1943–45. pp. 18–23
577:
575:Supersession/disbandment
574:
571:
568:
441:Near the end of the war,
354:With the outbreak of the
224:, protection of adjacent
1860:Stephens, Alan (2006) .
1771:(Ph. D thesis). Sydney:
1525:. 21 May 1954. p. 5
759:
740:Northern Area (in 1945)
549:Air Force Training Group
1832:Stephens, Alan (1995).
1750:Australian War Memorial
1725:Oxford University Press
747:RAAF organisation chart
397:South West Pacific Area
187:in September 1939, the
1765:Helson, Peter (2006).
1485:Operations Record Book
1256:, pp. 214–217, 227–228
1227:22 August 2017 at the
1222:, pp. 182–183, 198–200
1192:17 August 2017 at the
1170:17 August 2017 at the
1148:17 August 2017 at the
1126:17 August 2017 at the
1104:17 August 2017 at the
1082:17 August 2017 at the
1044:17 August 2017 at the
975:17 August 2017 at the
911:17 August 2017 at the
858:17 August 2017 at the
756:
509:
470:
234:Air Officer Commanding
201:Chief of the Air Staff
124:
26:
1951:Southern Area Command
1941:Northern Area Command
1595:Department of Defence
1220:Air War Against Japan
1163:Air War Against Japan
1119:Air War Against Japan
804:8 August 2017 at the
754:
644:Northern Area Command
584:Southern Area Command
507:
468:
245:Evolution and control
238:Central Flying School
230:aerial reconnaissance
199:In January 1940, the
122:
91:, and a new command,
24:
1956:Western Area Command
1926:Eastern Area Command
1921:Central Area Command
1768:Ten Years at the Top
1473:, pp. 73–76, 462–463
1404:Ten Years at the Top
1391:Ten Years at the Top
1352:Ten Years at the Top
704:Eastern Area Command
625:Western Area Command
606:Central Area Command
499:Maintenance Commands
455:liberation of Borneo
189:Australian Air Board
50:Maintenance Commands
1723:. South Melbourne:
1280:"RAAF organisation"
553:force element group
364:North-Eastern Areas
213:Sir Charles Burnett
203:, Air Vice-Marshal
1910:RAAF area commands
1025:, pp. xxi, 134–135
757:
510:
471:
329:Northern Territory
125:
115:Origin and purpose
89:North-Western Area
85:North-Eastern Area
27:
1964:
1963:
1871:978-0-19-555541-7
1852:978-0-644-42803-3
1802:978-0-19-554117-5
1734:978-0-19-551784-2
1711:978-0-642-26550-0
744:
743:
541:Logistics Command
451:Dutch East Indies
443:No. 11 Group
393:Douglas MacArthur
375:in Melbourne and
307:and the southern
165:Western Australia
104:Maintenance Group
1989:
1946:Northern Command
1903:
1896:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1856:
1840:
1828:
1806:
1784:
1761:
1738:
1715:
1703:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1647:on 8 August 2017
1643:. Archived from
1633:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1604:on 21 March 2016
1603:
1588:
1580:
1574:
1567:
1561:
1554:
1548:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1496:
1488:
1480:
1474:
1467:
1461:
1454:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1426:
1418:
1407:
1400:
1394:
1387:
1381:
1374:
1368:
1361:
1355:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1320:
1309:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1276:
1270:
1263:
1257:
1250:
1244:
1237:
1231:
1215:
1209:
1202:
1196:
1180:
1174:
1158:
1152:
1136:
1130:
1114:
1108:
1092:
1086:
1070:
1064:
1057:
1048:
1032:
1026:
1019:
1010:
1001:
995:
988:
979:
963:
954:
947:
941:
934:
928:
921:
915:
899:
888:
881:
875:
868:
862:
846:
840:
839:
837:
835:
825:
817:
808:
792:
783:
776:
726:Northern Command
599:Training Command
566:
565:
501:, respectively.
487:national service
432:Northern Command
386:Barkly Tableland
285:
271:
257:
97:Northern Command
1997:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1912:
1907:
1872:
1853:
1838:
1803:
1735:
1712:
1701:
1691:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1673:on 20 July 2008
1665:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1568:
1564:
1555:
1551:
1542:
1538:
1528:
1526:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1490:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1468:
1464:
1455:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1397:
1388:
1384:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1234:
1229:Wayback Machine
1216:
1212:
1203:
1199:
1194:Wayback Machine
1181:
1177:
1172:Wayback Machine
1159:
1155:
1150:Wayback Machine
1137:
1133:
1128:Wayback Machine
1115:
1111:
1106:Wayback Machine
1093:
1089:
1084:Wayback Machine
1071:
1067:
1058:
1051:
1046:Wayback Machine
1033:
1029:
1020:
1013:
1002:
998:
989:
982:
977:Wayback Machine
964:
957:
948:
944:
935:
931:
922:
918:
913:Wayback Machine
900:
891:
882:
878:
869:
865:
860:Wayback Machine
847:
843:
833:
831:
823:
819:
818:
811:
806:Wayback Machine
793:
786:
777:
766:
762:
749:
737:
732:
715:
710:
696:
691:
677:
672:
659:
655:
650:
636:
631:
617:
612:
595:
590:
561:
533:Support Command
529:
463:
405:Fifth Air Force
305:South Australia
293:
292:
291:
290:
289:
286:
277:
276:
275:
272:
263:
262:
261:
258:
247:
209:Royal Air Force
157:New South Wales
117:
112:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1995:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1870:
1857:
1851:
1829:
1811:Odgers, George
1807:
1801:
1785:
1762:
1739:
1733:
1716:
1710:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1658:
1628:
1615:
1575:
1562:
1556:Dennis et al,
1549:
1536:
1504:
1475:
1462:
1442:
1408:
1395:
1382:
1369:
1356:
1340:
1310:
1297:
1271:
1258:
1245:
1232:
1210:
1208:, pp. 144, 168
1197:
1175:
1153:
1131:
1109:
1087:
1065:
1049:
1027:
1011:
996:
980:
955:
942:
929:
916:
889:
876:
863:
841:
809:
784:
763:
761:
758:
748:
745:
742:
741:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
722:
721:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
700:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
681:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
662:
661:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
640:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
621:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
602:
601:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
580:
579:
576:
573:
570:
560:
557:
528:
525:
483:Donald Hardman
462:
459:
445:was formed on
287:
280:
279:
278:
273:
266:
265:
264:
259:
252:
251:
250:
249:
248:
246:
243:
116:
113:
111:
108:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1994:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1977:RAAF commands
1975:
1974:
1972:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1789:Horner, David
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1672:
1668:
1667:"Air Command"
1662:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1626:, pp. 278–279
1625:
1619:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1579:
1572:
1566:
1560:, pp. 150–151
1559:
1553:
1546:
1540:
1524:
1521:. Melbourne:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1500:
1494:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1466:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1430:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1406:, pp. 291–296
1405:
1399:
1392:
1386:
1379:
1373:
1366:
1360:
1354:, pp. 252–254
1353:
1347:
1345:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1307:
1301:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1268:
1262:
1255:
1249:
1243:, pp. 227–229
1242:
1236:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1187:, pp. 476–477
1186:
1179:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1157:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1143:, pp. 585–588
1142:
1135:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1091:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1069:
1063:, pp. 144–145
1062:
1056:
1054:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1009:
1007:
1000:
993:
987:
985:
978:
974:
971:
969:
962:
960:
952:
946:
939:
933:
926:
920:
914:
910:
907:
905:
898:
896:
894:
886:
880:
873:
867:
861:
857:
854:
852:
845:
829:
822:
816:
814:
807:
803:
800:
798:
791:
789:
782:, pp. 111–112
781:
775:
773:
771:
769:
764:
753:
739:
734:
729:
727:
724:
723:
720:
717:
712:
707:
705:
702:
701:
698:
693:
688:
686:
683:
682:
679:
674:
669:
667:
664:
663:
657:
652:
647:
645:
642:
641:
638:
633:
628:
626:
623:
622:
619:
614:
609:
607:
604:
603:
600:
597:
592:
587:
585:
582:
581:
578:Re-formed as
567:
564:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
524:
522:
521:
515:
506:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
475:
467:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:George Kenney
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
378:
374:
369:
365:
361:
360:North-Western
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:Northern Area
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:Southern Area
284:
270:
256:
242:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
197:
195:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
121:
107:
105:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
69:Northern Area
66:
62:
58:
57:Southern Area
53:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
30:Area commands
23:
19:
1909:
1861:
1841:. Canberra:
1834:
1815:
1792:
1767:
1748:. Canberra:
1744:
1720:
1697:
1675:. Retrieved
1671:the original
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1645:the original
1631:
1623:
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1599:the original
1593:. Canberra:
1590:
1578:
1570:
1565:
1557:
1552:
1544:
1539:
1527:. Retrieved
1516:
1507:
1484:
1478:
1470:
1465:
1457:
1433:. Retrieved
1428:
1403:
1398:
1390:
1385:
1377:
1372:
1364:
1359:
1351:
1331:. Retrieved
1305:
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1274:
1266:
1261:
1253:
1248:
1240:
1235:
1219:
1213:
1205:
1200:
1184:
1178:
1162:
1156:
1140:
1134:
1118:
1112:
1096:
1090:
1074:
1068:
1060:
1036:
1030:
1022:
1005:
999:
994:, pp. xx, 38
991:
967:
950:
945:
937:
932:
927:, pp. xx, 30
924:
919:
903:
884:
879:
871:
866:
850:
844:
832:. Retrieved
827:
796:
779:
719:Home Command
562:
530:
518:
513:
511:
480:
476:
472:
440:
421:
417:George Jones
413:Bill Bostock
409:RAAF Command
390:
368:Eastern Area
353:
337:
317:Western Area
313:Central Area
294:
198:
185:onset of war
126:
101:
93:Eastern Area
65:Western Area
61:Central Area
54:
29:
28:
18:
1547:, pp. 76–77
1460:, pp. 73–76
1121:, pp. 15–16
953:, pp. 27–29
906:, pp. 91–92
853:, pp. 90–91
799:, pp. 66–67
537:Air Command
436:War Cabinet
382:Yampi Sound
356:Pacific War
222:air defence
205:Jimmy Goble
183:. With the
81:Pacific War
1971:Categories
1689:References
1569:Stephens,
1545:Going Solo
1543:Stephens,
1471:Going Solo
1469:Stephens,
1458:Going Solo
1456:Stephens,
1429:Pathfinder
1376:Ashworth,
1365:Going Solo
1363:Stephens,
1304:Ashworth,
1269:, p. xxiii
1265:Ashworth,
1252:Ashworth,
1239:Ashworth,
1204:Stephens,
1182:Gillison,
1138:Gillison,
1094:Gillison,
1072:Gillison,
1059:Stephens,
1034:Gillison,
1021:Ashworth,
1003:Gillison,
990:Ashworth,
965:Gillison,
949:Ashworth,
936:Ashworth,
923:Ashworth,
901:Gillison,
883:Ashworth,
870:Ashworth,
848:Gillison,
828:Pathfinder
794:Gillison,
778:Stephens,
572:Formation
325:Queensland
192:latter in
137:Point Cook
1825:246580191
1813:(1968) .
1781:225531223
1677:14 August
1651:14 August
1608:14 August
1529:14 August
1518:The Argus
1493:cite book
1435:14 August
1333:14 August
1290:14 August
1165:, pp. 4–6
834:14 August
695:1954/1955
676:1954/1956
635:1954/1956
527:Aftermath
226:sea lanes
181:Melbourne
153:Rathmines
133:squadrons
1791:(2001).
1622:Horner,
1573:, p. 307
1402:Helson,
1393:, p. 257
1389:Helson,
1380:, p. 277
1350:Helson,
1308:, p. 262
1225:Archived
1217:Odgers,
1190:Archived
1168:Archived
1160:Odgers,
1146:Archived
1124:Archived
1116:Odgers,
1102:Archived
1099:, p. 473
1080:Archived
1077:, p. 588
1042:Archived
1039:, p. 478
1008:, p. 311
973:Archived
970:, p. 112
909:Archived
856:Archived
802:Archived
569:Command
514:de facto
495:Training
309:Riverina
301:Tasmania
177:commands
149:Richmond
145:Victoria
141:Laverton
46:Training
38:Cold War
1758:2000369
1367:, p. 66
887:, p. 26
874:, p. 24
449:in the
447:Morotai
110:History
1868:
1849:
1823:
1799:
1779:
1756:
1731:
1708:
940:, p. 1
497:, and
228:, and
194:Sydney
173:groups
161:Pearce
159:; and
73:groups
67:, and
48:, and
1839:(PDF)
1702:(PDF)
1602:(PDF)
1587:(PDF)
1425:(PDF)
824:(PDF)
760:Notes
520:Argus
333:Papua
175:, or
169:wings
1866:ISBN
1847:ISBN
1821:OCLC
1797:ISBN
1777:OCLC
1754:OCLC
1729:ISBN
1706:ISBN
1679:2017
1653:2017
1610:2017
1531:2017
1499:link
1437:2017
1335:2017
1292:2017
836:2017
736:1947
731:1944
714:1953
709:1942
690:1942
671:1942
654:1942
649:1941
630:1941
616:1941
611:1940
594:1953
589:1940
551:, a
491:Home
362:and
331:and
151:and
139:and
87:and
42:Home
395:'s
163:in
155:in
143:in
1973::
1845:.
1775:.
1752:.
1727:.
1639:.
1589:.
1515:.
1495:}}
1491:{{
1445:^
1427:.
1411:^
1343:^
1326:.
1313:^
1282:.
1052:^
1014:^
983:^
958:^
892:^
826:.
812:^
787:^
767:^
493:,
388:.
327:,
303:,
171:,
147:;
63:,
59:,
52:.
44:,
1902:e
1895:t
1888:v
1874:.
1855:.
1827:.
1805:.
1783:.
1760:.
1737:.
1714:.
1681:.
1655:.
1612:.
1533:.
1501:)
1439:.
1337:.
1294:.
838:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
