691:
421:
369:
2064:
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31:
270:
604:
158:
1986:
286:, are situated several dozen meters apart, each pool with a roughly 6 metres (20 ft) drop to the next. They are rectangular or trapezoidal in shape, partly hewn into the bedrock and partly built, between 118 and 179 metres (387–587 ft) long and 8 to 23 metres (26–75 ft) deep, with a total capacity of well over a quarter of a million cubic metres (some 290,000 m or 75 million US gallons).
725:, which also operates Bethlehem Convention Center along with other sites in the area. The Murad Castle, an Ottoman fort at the park's northern gate, has been transformed into a tourist attraction that also includes an ethnographic and history museum and a restaurant with a garden area. Plans for the larger complex include a conference center, recreational spaces and a mosque.
325:. From the pools to Bethlehem, the average drop is about 35 cm for every 270 meters, but from Bethlehem to Jerusalem it only averages 35 cm for every 1,700 meters. The length of the extant aqueduct is about 2,350 meters and the slope's gradient is about 11 meters, which means a drop of less than 85 cm for every 1,600 meters.
1226:. Buhl's words are as follows (translated from the German): "Southwest of Bethlehem, the channel from the southeast intersects another which comes from a source in the Wadi Biyyar. Where the two channels intersect, there are the famous pools of Solomon, large terraced water reservoirs, also fed by independent springs, namely
718:
still lacked any safety precautions, guards on duty, a fence, or warning signs preventing children from jumping in. As a result, complaints were filed against the ministry of Awqaf, the site's owner, and the
Solomon's Pools Tourism Agency, the operating company. A Palestinian court was then consulted on the matter.
1528:
The Murad Castle Museum features over 1500 precious artifacts representing many chapters of the
Palestinian history. The impressive display shows various handicrafts, amulets, pottery and more. Part of a Roman Aqueduct is also displayed in the museum. In addition, a unique collection of archeological
705:
The pools are directly fed by four different springs: the most prominent is 'Ain Saleh, at the head of the Wadi Urtas (Artas), about 200 metres (660 ft) to the north-west of the upper pool. The spring water is transferred to the upper pool by a large subterranean passage. From the same direction
340:
and entered the city near the present Jewish
Quarter of the Old City. It then ran along the eastern side of that hill, and was supported in part by stonework, while in other parts passed through a conduit carved from the rock, until it suddenly turned east, passed along the embankment and what is now
717:
In recent decades, the pools have suffered from neglect. Between 1967 and the 1990s, the Nassar quarry, the Arja textile industry, and other nearby enterprises freely drew water from the pools. Six people have drowned in the pools since 1993, and no one has been held accountable. In 2009, the pools
309:
of the surrounding countryside including one situated underneath the lower pool; as well as by rainwater that descended from the hills. The pools served as a storage and distribution facility. The collected water was distributed by three other aqueducts: two leading from the pools northwards to
260:
Although the pools are named and traditionally associated with King
Solomon, scholars today believe the pools to be much younger, with the oldest part dating to the 2nd century BCE. The masonry of one pool and a recently discovered aqueduct have been dated to the early Roman period.
1622:, (A Memo of the National Committee to the Government of the Land of Israel on the Method of Spelling Transliterated Geographical and Personal Names, plus Two Lists of Geographical Names), Lĕšonénu: A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects,
581:
visited, and noted that beside the middle pool there were: "pavilions and tents, wherein dwelt the architects, clerks of the works, overseers, and masters, who there arranged how the watercourses should be dug through the mountains. Round about these pavilions many
433:
The water system gradually created consisted of two aqueducts feeding the pools, which themselves acted as a collection and distribution facility, and of three further aqueducts: two carrying the water north to
Jerusalem, and a third one to
513:
The High Level
Aqueduct originated in the upper pool and followed a similar route to the Low Level Aqueduct. However, its precise destination in Jerusalem is unknown. Scholars speculate that it might have supplied water to
1645:
Maisler, Benjamin (1932). "A Memo of the
National Committee to the Government of the Land of Israel on the Method of Spelling Transliterated Geographical and Personal Names, plus Two Lists of Geographical Names".
1131:), Tel-Aviv 1986, p. 253, who quotes from an ancient rabbinic source: "Between Beth-Lehem and Hebron is the great pool, being the duct that Hezekiah made, and the pool that he made, and it is
313:
The pools are positioned so that the water from the high pool can flow into the lower pool next to it when the water is pumped from it. By way of an aqueduct, the water first flowed to
391:
in 1618. It served as barracks for the
Turkish soldiers guarding the Pools of Solomon and the commercial caravans between Jerusalem and Hebron, as well as a staging post on the local
2743:
2738:
2035:
526:
Herod created the sophisticated Wadi el-Byiar
Aqueduct, which fed the upper pool. The aqueduct was partially built as a tunnel which collected underground water from the
409:. After being allowed to decay since the middle of the 19th century, the ruined fortress has been largely rebuilt and developed as part of a new tourist complex.
2783:
336:
and passed through a number of pointed arches protruding slightly above the ground. Afterwards, the aqueduct continued to meander on the southern slope of
136:. A second aqueduct, the "High-Level Aqueduct," took a similar path, but it is uncertain where it ended up in Jerusalem. It might have provided water to
1254:, although the remark that it was 23 cubits higher than the floor of the Temple court clearly points to the aqueduct. Josephus speaks of the springs in
1342:
729:
2748:
1692:
706:
comes the water of 'Ain Burak. 'Ain Attan or Ein Eitam is located south-east of the lower pool, while 'Ain
Farujeh is right underneath that pool.
2018:
384:, 'castle of Murad', known in English as Murad or Burak Castle. The rectangular structure with four square corner towers was built by the
1188:
1108:
482:
platform, where it ended inside the cisterns hidden underneath its surface. Water delivered by this aqueduct were primarily used by the
2694:
121:
714:
Today the water from the pools only reaches as far Bethlehem. The aqueduct beyond this was destroyed once taken out of use in 1967.
1223:
124:. The first one, known as the "Low-level Aqueduct," is thought to have been built in the first century BCE, around the end of the
2469:
2152:
814:; a detailed survey in 2018 established that the Lower Pool is 23 metres (75 ft) deep rather than 16 metres (52 ft).
678:. In 1902 for instance, a new 16 km pipeline to Jerusalem was inaugurated to mark the 60th birthday of the Ottoman sultan
2763:
1943:
1740:; Letteney, Mark; Peers, Max T. B. (2019). "Survey and excavations at Solomon's Pools, Palestine: 2018 preliminary report".
2758:
2313:
2298:
2080:
1503:
Solomon's Pools (Beraik Solayman), are located immediately to the south of al-Khader and about 5 km southwest of Bethlehem.
553:
built 39 kilometres (24 mi) of aqueduct bringing yet more water to Solomon's Pools from the large collection pools at
656:
The water system based on Solomon's Pools has provided water to Jerusalem, on and off, for two millennia, all until 1967.
2680:
2011:
1990:
1869:
17:
1825:
1922:
Mazar, A. (2002), "Survey of the Aqueducts to Jerusalem", in Amit, David; Patrich, Joseph; Hirschfeld, Yizhar (eds.),
2415:
2293:
1790:
1678:
1571:
1515:
1490:
1436:
643:
197:
1720:
557:
to the south. This aqueduct, which brought water to Jerusalem, was paid for by Pontius Pilate at the expense of the
849:; Hamish Auld; Julian Hudson (1 January 2000). "Qal'at al-Burak. A Fort of the Ottoman Period South of Bethlehem".
253:
who visited the site in the late 19th-century described the source of the pools and their surrounding villages in
2004:
1542:
360:. Another, more recent pumping station below the lower pool is still providing water to the town of Bethlehem.
106:
2753:
2323:
1566:(2008) The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700 Oxford University Press US,
515:
137:
1407:
1376:
446:
The construction date of the upper (westernmost) two pools is uncertain but was probably started during the
242:. Legend has it that the king built the pools for his many wives, so that they could bathe in their waters.
1673:
Bromiley Geoffrey W (1995). The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: E-J Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing,
1599:
342:
1975:
1464:
1350:
1164:
621:
474:
period. The aqueduct began at the lower pool and, after traveling to Jerusalem, climbed a bridge over the
310:
Jerusalem, and the third heading eastwards to the Herodium. Traces of all five aqueducts have been found.
175:
2624:
790:
722:
412:
The Castle Museum houses one of the largest ethnographic collections of Palestinian history and culture.
1277:
2788:
2308:
2063:
1851:
625:
614:
562:
329:
179:
168:
2617:
2343:
2288:
1931:
1563:
470:
The Low-Level Aqueduct is thought to have been built in the first century BCE, around the end of the
690:
2464:
667:
561:, which act in itself incited the anger of the local people. The aqueduct was destroyed during the
222:
wrote that Solomon enjoyed the beauty of the water-rich "Etham" (one of the main springs is called
547:
2768:
2649:
2213:
1184:
1104:
1801:
2773:
2303:
346:
75:
51:
732:
funded a $ 750,000 restoration project at Solomon's Pools, which were suffering from neglect.
2408:
2160:
2027:
1703:
1301:
936:
746:
2599:
2495:
1778:
1626:, Tel-Aviv 1932, p. 21 (note 1): "The spring of Etam is Ein Etam, but Etam is the ruin of
518:, which according to ancient sources, was particularly well-known for its water fountains.
357:
306:
102:
8:
2515:
2510:
2500:
2318:
2200:
1863:
675:
353:
420:
2733:
2525:
2070:
1909:
1655:
1083:
1075:
996:
866:
759:
494:
1887:
2665:
2594:
2589:
2520:
2457:
2382:
2218:
2205:
1939:
1839:
1821:
1786:
1768:
1674:
1567:
1415:
1384:
1305:
1087:
1067:
1000:
988:
914:
900:
870:
660:
502:
471:
455:
447:
125:
1343:"Solomon's Pools and relating aqueducts, the heart of Jerusalem's past water supply"
573:
The lower of the three pools was built in 1483 CE during the reign of Mamluk Sultan
2778:
2675:
2660:
2549:
2505:
2401:
2333:
2165:
1953:
1764:
1749:
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at the bottom of the lower pool; further down the channel intersects the source of
1203:
1059:
980:
904:
858:
769:
554:
475:
368:
333:
1883:
1811:
1753:
1273:
984:
969:"The Water Pools and the Pilgrimage to Jerusalem in the Late Second Temple Period"
250:
2655:
2643:
2584:
1979:
1815:
1707:
1293:
558:
498:
451:
385:
328:
In olden times, this aqueduct, commonly called the "Lower Aqueduct," crossed the
290:
227:
66:
42:
968:
2610:
2574:
2474:
2256:
2170:
1817:
Hamidian Palestine: Politics and Society in the District of Jerusalem 1872-1908
1215:
1168:
846:
679:
671:
550:
535:
302:
113:
862:
2727:
2709:
2696:
2564:
2190:
1835:
1648:
Lĕšonénu: A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects
1419:
1412:
Charles Wilson - Jerusalem the Holy City (צ'רלס וילסון - ירושלים העיר הקדושה)
1388:
1381:
Charles Wilson - Jerusalem the Holy City (צ'רלס וילסון - ירושלים העיר הקדושה)
1309:
1258:
and of Solomon's Gardens there, with which Ecclesiastes 2:5 can be compared."
1071:
992:
918:
754:
728:
In 2016, it was reported that a wall of one pool had collapsed. In 2017, the
483:
459:
133:
1230:
on the northwest corner of the upper pool, which connects to another source
888:
218:
2.6: "I made myself pools from which to water the forest of growing trees."
2544:
2445:
2251:
2246:
1897:
1586:
1143:
was the place known as "the waters of Nephtoah" (cf. Rashi's commentary on
764:
479:
400:
372:
Qalʿat al-Burak was built in the 17th century just north of the upper pool.
318:
215:
211:
129:
1772:
2236:
2142:
2137:
2093:
2048:
1936:
The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700
1859:
1529:
items was offered by the Palestinian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities.
578:
1996:
1913:
1902:
Qadmoniot: A Journal for the Antiquities of Eretz-Israel and Bible Lands
1659:
249:, he would pass this place when riding in his chariot. French explorer
2261:
1079:
777:
501:- along with a fragment of a roof tile bearing a stamped impression of
405:
337:
234:). The pools are in close proximity to the ancient town of ʻEiṭam (now
128:
period. It delivered water to cisterns located underground beneath the
1892:(in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 3. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
1282:(in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 3. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
845:
793:(built in the early 2000s), near the Pools and run by the same company
438:. Together, the five aqueducts totalled some 80 kilometres in length.
289:
The complex of reservoirs and water conduits might have been built by
2559:
2452:
2351:
2272:
2228:
2223:
2175:
2122:
2116:
2053:
2043:
1047:
851:
Levant: The Journal of the Council for British Research in the Levant
699:
450:
period, between mid-second and mid-first century BC and completed by
322:
314:
294:
283:
117:
94:
90:
86:
30:
1926:, Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series, pp. 210–42
1889:
Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine
1279:
Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine
1063:
305:
bringing water to the pools from the hills to the south; by several
2554:
2479:
2361:
2356:
2328:
2185:
2132:
2108:
2098:
1179:
1100:
909:
435:
388:
298:
246:
219:
141:
1271:, Description de la Judée, Paris 1869, pp. 104–119, 303–309; See:
269:
2424:
2180:
2127:
1200:
Biblical Encyclopaedia - Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Period
695:
587:
574:
527:
317:, passed through an underground channel, and finally reached the
1242:
coming from the southern side of the valley. This source of the
1048:"The Water Supply of the Desert Fortresses in the Jordan Valley"
297:
ruler. The original rectangular excavations may have been stone
2241:
2195:
2112:
2088:
1985:
1972:
1468:
1247:
1155:); see also Rashi's comments on Joshua 15:8 and Deuteronomy 33.
490:
98:
2440:
2103:
1693:"Solomon's Pools: A Patient Framework Awaiting Its Potential"
1136:
937:"Second Temple era archaeological site suffer serious damage"
583:
531:
489:
On the surface of the aqueduct, archeologists discovered two
396:
85:) are three ancient reservoirs located in the south-central
392:
2393:
1547:
Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel
1493:. VISITOR INFORMATION CENTER – BETHLEHEM. 5 November 2012
376:
Near the Upper Pool stands a small Turkish fort known as
2744:
Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century BC
2739:
Buildings and structures completed in the 2nd century BC
2119:, Khallet al Karaneen, Al ‘Ukab, Harmala, and Abu Njeim)
1034:
The Low-level Aqueduct to Jerusalem: Recent Discoveries
345:, whence it entered the Temple Mount courtyard at the
210:
The pools are named and traditionally associated with
1139:, who had not seen Josephus' writings, surmised that
624:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
178:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
721:
Solomon's Pools have been managed since 2009 by the
694:
View from inside a Roman aqueduct from the Pools of
352:
Today, below the middle pool are the remains of the
80:
56:
1930:
1516:"DISCOVER MURAD CASTLE MUSEUM OF THE SOLOMON POOLS"
1736:
1721:Temple-era pools near Jerusalem set for renovation
815:
93:, about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) southwest of
1865:Felix Fabri (circa 1480–1483 A.D.) vol II, part I
1414:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Ariel. pp. 131–132.
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
2725:
1402:
1400:
1398:
356:pump station that took the water by pipe to the
1371:
1369:
1367:
1036:’ in Amit, Patrich, and Hirschfeld 2002, 242-52
1020:, in Amit, Patrich, and Hirschfeld 2002. 210-42
659:Major repairs to the water system were done by
1900:(1972). "The Ancient Aqueducts of Jerusalem".
1316:
1045:
780:", bronze-cast water basin at Solomon's Temple
144:also received water from the Solomon's Pools.
2784:Tourist attractions in the State of Palestine
2409:
2012:
1783:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
1582:
1580:
1395:
1491:"THE MURAD CASTLE & THE SOLOMON'S POOLS"
1383:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Ariel. p. 131.
1364:
685:
1844:Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins
1467:. Solomon's Pools/Kani Mani. Archived from
1286:
666:during the second century CE, later by the
282:Solomon's Pools, consisting of three large
112:Solomon's Pools provided the water for two
2416:
2402:
2019:
2005:
1952:
1840:"Die Wasserversorgung der Stadt Jerusalem"
1577:
1431:
1429:
1123:, published by Yehuda Levi Nahum in book:
934:
541:
2026:
1958:A Guide to Bethlehem and its Surroundings
1613:
1459:
1457:
1046:Garbrecht, Günter; Peleg, Yehuda (1994).
908:
882:
880:
751:Historical water reservoirs in Jerusalem
644:Learn how and when to remove this message
521:
198:Learn how and when to remove this message
1777:
1406:
1375:
966:
841:
839:
837:
835:
689:
620:Relevant discussion may be found on the
530:it was passing through, in the way of a
419:
399:. For a long time it was also used as a
367:
268:
174:Relevant discussion may be found on the
29:
2749:Caravanserais in the State of Palestine
1644:
1426:
1292:
363:
14:
2726:
1960:. Waldbrol: Flamm Druck, Wagener GMBH.
1882:
1834:
1810:
1806:. Leipzig: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck).
1690:
1540:
1454:
1272:
1018:‘Survey of the Aqueducts to Jerusalem’
886:
877:
508:
424:Solomon's pools, between 1890 and 1905
277:
2397:
2000:
1921:
1896:
1858:
832:
811:
534:, to supplement the spring water and
465:
2299:Church of Saint Catherine, Bethlehem
1799:
1028:
1026:
1012:
1010:
962:
960:
958:
956:
930:
928:
889:"Remains of the Temple at Jerusalem"
597:
568:
151:
132:, which were primarily used by the
70:
46:
24:
1785:. E-J Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
1269:Description de la Palestine, Judée
1206:: Jerusalem 1950-1988, pp. 186-187
25:
2800:
2314:St. George's Monastery, Al-Khader
1966:
1298:The Treasure of the Copper Scroll
1023:
1007:
953:
925:
214:and linked to the passage in the
27:Ancient reservoirs near Bethlehem
2069:
2062:
1984:
1870:Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society
1702:. No. 69. pp. 98–106.
816:Adams, Letteney & Peers 2019
810:The dimensions are derived from
602:
593:
231:
156:
1742:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
1729:
1714:
1684:
1667:
1637:
1604:
1592:
1557:
1553:. Israel Antiquities Authority.
1543:"Jerusalem, the Lower Aqueduct"
1534:
1508:
1483:
1300:(2 ed.). Garden City, NY:
1261:
1209:
1193:
1173:
1158:
973:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
935:Blumenthal, Itay (2016-05-09).
804:
2294:Chapel of the Shepherds' Field
1938:. Oxford University Press US.
1803:Geographie des alten Palästina
1220:Geographie des alten Palästina
1125:Ṣohar la-ḥasifat ginzei teiman
1114:
1094:
1039:
967:Gurevich, David (2017-04-03).
709:
441:
264:
107:Palestinian National Authority
89:, immediately to the south of
13:
1:
2324:Monastery of Saint Theodosius
1754:10.1080/00310328.2019.1579454
1165:Solomon Pools: Fit for a king
985:10.1080/00310328.2017.1310563
825:
428:
2764:Roman aqueducts outside Rome
1691:Srouji, Dima (Spring 2017).
1121:Burial Places of the Fathers
590:were running to and fro..."
380:, 'Castle of the Pools', or
301:. The pools were fed by two
7:
2759:Reservoirs in the West Bank
2625:Magical Treatise of Solomon
2423:
791:Bethlehem Convention Palace
735:
730:U.S. Consulate in Jerusalem
255:Description de la Palestine
101:. The pools are located in
81:
57:
10:
2805:
2309:Mosque of Omar (Bethlehem)
1620:List of Geographical Names
1610:Bussow, 2011, pp. 497, 536
1052:The Biblical Archaeologist
493:coins - one was minted by
415:
238:) and the spring known as
2636:
2618:The Lesser Key of Solomon
2534:
2488:
2431:
2370:
2342:
2289:Chapel of the Milk Grotto
2281:
2151:
2079:
2060:
2034:
863:10.1179/lev.2000.32.1.101
723:Convention Palace Company
686:Springs feeding the pools
122:late Second Temple period
105:under the control of the
1908:(3/4 (19/20)): 120–124.
1541:Billig, Ya’akov (2014).
1518:. Travelujah. 3 May 2017
1441:Museum With No Frontiers
797:
577:. Between 1480 and 1484
546:In a third phase, Roman
116:that delivered water to
2710:31.689583°N 35.167528°E
2214:Khirbet Beit Zakariyyah
1924:The Aqueducts of Israel
1643:See p. 21 (note 1) in:
1564:Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome
661:the 10th Roman Legion,
542:Pilate's Arrub Aqueduct
454:in connection with his
147:
103:Area A of the West Bank
2304:Church of the Nativity
1761:Biblical Encyclopaedia
1349:. 2009. Archived from
887:Leeper, J. L. (1903).
702:
563:First Jewish-Roman War
538:it was also carrying.
522:Wadi el-Byiar Aqueduct
425:
373:
274:
35:
2054:Bethlehem (Beit Lahm)
2028:Bethlehem Governorate
1973:www.solomonpools.com/
747:Herodian architecture
693:
497:and the other one by
423:
371:
358:Old City of Jerusalem
272:
34:Solomon's pools, 1981
33:
2754:History of Bethlehem
2715:31.689583; 35.167528
2650:King Solomon's Mines
2600:Testament of Solomon
2496:Judgement of Solomon
1993:at Wikimedia Commons
1246:is mentioned in the
1129:צהר לחשיפת גנזי תימן
613:factual accuracy is
364:Turkish fort; museum
216:Book of Ecclesiastes
167:factual accuracy is
18:Qal'at al-Burak
2706: /
2501:Solomon and Marcolf
2319:Al-Hamadiyya Mosque
1956:; Shomali, Sawsan.
1932:Murphy-O'Connor, J.
1876:Flavius, Josephus.
1800:Buhl, D.F. (1896).
1700:Jerusalem Quarterly
1471:on 22 December 2014
1222:, Leipzig 1896, p.
1032:Billig, Y., 2002. ‘
509:High-Level Aqueduct
332:slightly above the
278:Pools and aqueducts
97:, near the road to
2526:Valley of the ants
2470:Pharaoh's daughter
2161:'Arab al-Rashayida
1978:2014-12-22 at the
1465:"Solomon's Poolsi"
893:The Biblical World
703:
495:Alexander Jannaeus
466:Low-Level Aqueduct
456:rebuilding program
426:
374:
275:
36:
2789:Water and Judaism
2689:
2688:
2595:Psalms of Solomon
2590:Prayer of Solomon
2571:Deuterocanonical
2521:Throne of Solomon
2458:Solomonic dynasty
2434:reputed relations
2391:
2390:
2206:Khallet al-Haddad
1989:Media related to
1945:978-0-19-923666-4
1738:Adams, Matthew J.
1437:"Solomon's Pools"
1101:Flavius, Josephus
1016:Mazar, A., 2002.
654:
653:
646:
569:Mamluk lower pool
503:Legio X Fretensis
208:
207:
200:
79:
55:
16:(Redirected from
2796:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2676:Sorcery (goetia)
2661:Solomonic column
2637:Related articles
2516:Solomon's Temple
2511:Solomon's shamir
2506:Solomon in Islam
2418:
2411:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2210:Khallet al-Louza
2201:Jurat ash Sham'a
2074:
2073:
2066:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1988:
1961:
1949:
1927:
1917:
1893:
1873:
1855:
1831:
1807:
1796:
1765:Bialik Institute
1757:
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1718:
1712:
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1697:
1688:
1682:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1641:
1635:
1624:Benjamin Maisler
1617:
1611:
1608:
1602:
1598:Fabri, 1893, p.
1596:
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1313:
1294:Allegro, John M.
1290:
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1259:
1213:
1207:
1204:Bialik Institute
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922:
912:
884:
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819:
808:
649:
642:
638:
635:
629:
626:reliably sourced
606:
605:
598:
476:Tyropoeon Valley
330:Valley of Hinnom
273:Upper pool, 2013
236:Khirbet al-Khuaḥ
203:
196:
192:
189:
183:
180:reliably sourced
160:
159:
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84:
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60:
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21:
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2708:
2705:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2685:
2681:United Monarchy
2671:Solomon's Pools
2656:Seal of Solomon
2644:Boaz and Jachin
2632:
2585:Odes of Solomon
2541:Protocanonical
2530:
2484:
2433:
2427:
2422:
2392:
2387:
2378:Solomon's Pools
2366:
2338:
2277:
2147:
2075:
2068:
2067:
2058:
2030:
2025:
1991:Solomon's Pools
1980:Wayback Machine
1969:
1964:
1946:
1828:
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1427:
1405:
1396:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1354:
1341:
1340:
1317:
1291:
1287:
1267:Victor Guérin,
1266:
1262:
1214:
1210:
1198:
1194:
1178:
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1163:
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1115:
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1064:10.2307/3210411
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926:
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833:
828:
823:
822:
809:
805:
800:
760:Hezekiah's Pool
738:
712:
688:
663:Legio Fretensis
650:
639:
633:
630:
619:
611:This article's
607:
603:
596:
571:
559:Temple treasury
544:
524:
511:
468:
452:Herod the Great
444:
431:
418:
378:Qal'at el-Burak
366:
291:Herod the Great
280:
267:
204:
193:
187:
184:
173:
165:This article's
161:
157:
150:
82:Breichot Shlomo
65:, 'the pools';
39:Solomon's Pools
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2802:
2792:
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2769:Roman cisterns
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2746:
2741:
2736:
2687:
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2673:
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2666:Solomon's knot
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2653:
2646:
2640:
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2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
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2621:
2614:
2611:Key of Solomon
2604:
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2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2575:Book of Wisdom
2569:
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2557:
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2475:Queen of Sheba
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2279:
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2276:
2275:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2259:
2257:Wadi al-Arayis
2254:
2249:
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2239:
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2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2081:Municipalities
2077:
2076:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1982:
1968:
1967:External links
1965:
1963:
1962:
1950:
1944:
1928:
1919:
1894:
1880:
1874:
1856:
1832:
1827:978-9004205697
1826:
1808:
1797:
1791:
1779:Bromiley, G.W.
1775:
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1731:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1713:
1683:
1666:
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1612:
1603:
1591:
1589:(1972), p. 120
1576:
1556:
1533:
1507:
1482:
1453:
1425:
1410:, ed. (1988).
1394:
1379:, ed. (1988).
1363:
1347:HYDRIA Project
1315:
1304:. p. 67.
1285:
1274:Guérin, Victor
1260:
1250:as the source
1208:
1192:
1172:
1169:Jerusalem Post
1157:
1113:
1093:
1058:(3): 161–170.
1038:
1022:
1006:
979:(2): 103–134.
952:
924:
910:10.1086/473292
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857:(1): 101–120.
847:Mahmoud Hawari
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536:surface runoff
523:
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510:
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293:or an earlier
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138:Herod's Palace
61:, or in short
58:Burak Sulaymān
26:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
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2565:Song of Songs
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2383:‘Ayn Fashkhah
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2358:
2355:
2353:
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2344:Refugee camps
2341:
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2334:Rachel's Tomb
2332:
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2240:
2238:
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2233:Marah Ma'alla
2232:
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2217:
2215:
2212:
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2191:Jubbet ad-Dib
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1798:
1794:
1792:0-8028-3782-4
1788:
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1776:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1763:(1950-1988).
1762:
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1709:
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1572:0-19-923666-6
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1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1408:Schiller, Eli
1403:
1401:
1399:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1377:Schiller, Eli
1372:
1370:
1368:
1353:on 2017-02-23
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1228:ʻAin el-Burak
1225:
1221:
1217:
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792:
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788:
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779:
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771:
770:Sultan's Pool
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
755:Birket Israel
753:
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748:
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739:
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594:Later history
591:
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537:
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529:
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484:Second Temple
481:
478:to reach the
477:
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460:Second Temple
457:
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343:Wilson's Arch
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334:Sultan's Pool
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308:
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251:Victor Guérin
248:
245:According to
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19:
2701:35°10′03.1″E
2698:31°41′22.5″N
2691:
2670:
2648:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2545:Ecclesiastes
2446:Davidic line
2377:
2252:ash-Shawawra
2247:Umm Salamuna
1957:
1935:
1923:
1905:
1901:
1888:
1877:
1864:
1847:
1843:
1816:
1802:
1782:
1767:: Jerusalem
1760:
1745:
1741:
1730:Bibliography
1716:
1699:
1686:
1669:
1651:
1647:
1639:
1627:
1619:
1615:
1606:
1594:
1587:Amihai Mazar
1559:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1527:
1520:. Retrieved
1510:
1502:
1495:. Retrieved
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
1469:the original
1444:. Retrieved
1440:
1411:
1380:
1355:. Retrieved
1351:the original
1346:
1297:
1288:
1278:
1268:
1263:
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1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1211:
1199:
1195:
1183:
1175:
1160:
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1148:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1103:
1096:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1033:
1017:
976:
972:
944:. Retrieved
940:
896:
892:
854:
850:
818:, p. 18
806:
765:Mamilla Pool
727:
720:
716:
713:
704:
662:
658:
655:
640:
631:
612:
572:
545:
525:
512:
488:
480:Temple Mount
469:
445:
432:
411:
404:
401:caravanserai
382:Qal'at Murad
381:
377:
375:
351:
327:
319:Temple Mount
312:
288:
281:
259:
254:
244:
239:
235:
223:
212:King Solomon
209:
194:
185:
166:
130:Temple Mount
111:
62:
38:
37:
2713: /
2581:Apocryphal
2489:Occurrences
2269:Wadi Rahhal
2266:Wadi an-Nis
2237:Marah Rabah
2171:Beit Ta'mir
2138:al-Ubeidiya
2094:Beit Fajjar
2049:Beit Sahour
1954:Shomali, Q.
1878:Antiquities
1654:(3): 1–92.
1475:22 December
1446:22 December
1236:ʻAin Farûğe
1185:Antiquities
1105:Antiquities
710:Present day
579:Felix Fabri
442:Upper pools
265:Description
240:ʻAin ʻEiṭam
120:during the
71:בריכות שלמה
2728:Categories
2606:Grimoires
2432:Family and
2262:Wadi Fukin
2224:al-Ma'sara
1884:Guérin, V.
1836:Schick, C.
1812:Büssow, J.
1708:2285087763
1628:Wadi Khukh
1357:2014-12-18
1232:ʻAin Ṣâliḥ
1202:(vol. 6),
1151:54b, s.v.
946:2019-05-15
826:References
812:Mazar 2002
778:Molten sea
429:Background
347:Chain Gate
338:Mount Zion
284:reservoirs
47:برك سليمان
2734:Al-Khader
2560:Psalm 127
2453:Menelik I
2273:al-Walaja
2229:al-Maniya
2176:Dar Salah
2123:al-Khader
2117:al-Asakra
2044:Beit Jala
1898:Mazar, A.
1860:Fabri, F.
1820:. BRILL.
1773:741065210
1748:: 15–35.
1634:(Urtas)."
1420:745100584
1389:745100584
1310:917557044
1302:Doubleday
1234:, and of
1216:D.F. Buhl
1111:. (8:179)
1088:132210394
1072:0006-0895
1001:165135217
993:0031-0328
919:0190-3578
871:162056191
700:Jerusalem
622:talk page
472:Hasmonean
448:Hasmonean
395:route to
341:known as
323:Jerusalem
315:Bethlehem
303:aqueducts
295:Hasmonean
224:Ein Eitam
176:talk page
126:Hasmonean
118:Jerusalem
114:aqueducts
95:Bethlehem
91:al-Khader
87:West Bank
76:romanized
52:romanized
2555:Psalm 72
2550:Proverbs
2480:Rehoboam
2362:Dheisheh
2329:Mar Saba
2282:Religion
2153:Villages
2143:Za'atara
2109:Jannatah
2099:al-Dawha
1976:Archived
1934:(2008).
1918:(Hebrew)
1914:23670359
1886:(1869).
1862:(1893).
1838:(1878).
1814:(2011).
1781:(1995).
1704:ProQuest
1664:(Hebrew)
1660:24384308
1296:(1964).
1276:(1869).
1180:Josephus
1153:עין עיטם
1147:31a and
1141:Ein Etam
1133:Ein Etam
941:ynetnews
736:See also
674:and the
672:Ottomans
634:May 2022
615:disputed
588:Saracens
436:Herodium
389:Osman II
321:area of
299:quarries
247:Josephus
232:עין עיטם
220:Josephus
188:May 2022
169:disputed
142:Herodium
63:el-Burak
2779:Solomon
2425:Solomon
2181:Hindaza
2128:Nahalin
1630:, near
1149:Zevahim
1080:3210411
741:History
696:Solomon
676:British
668:Mamluks
575:Qaytbay
548:prefect
528:aquifer
458:of the
416:History
354:British
307:springs
78::
54::
2465:Naamah
2242:Nuaman
2196:Juhdum
2113:Rakhme
2089:Battir
2036:Cities
1942:
1912:
1824:
1789:
1771:
1706:
1681:p 1025
1677:
1658:
1570:
1522:14 May
1497:14 May
1418:
1387:
1308:
1248:Talmud
1189:8.7.3.
1127:(Heb.
1086:
1078:
1070:
999:
991:
917:
869:
785:Recent
670:, the
491:prutah
228:Hebrew
140:. The
134:Temple
99:Hebron
67:Hebrew
43:Arabic
2441:David
2371:Other
2357:'Azza
2219:Kisan
2186:Jab'a
2166:Artas
2133:Tuqu'
2104:Husan
1910:JSTOR
1854:–176.
1696:(PDF)
1656:JSTOR
1632:Artas
1574:p 483
1252:ʻEṭâm
1244:ʻAṭân
1240:ʻAṭân
1137:Rashi
1109:8.7.3
1084:S2CID
1076:JSTOR
997:S2CID
899:(5):
867:S2CID
798:Notes
584:Moors
555:Arrub
532:qanat
499:Herod
397:Mecca
2352:Aida
1940:ISBN
1822:ISBN
1787:ISBN
1769:OCLC
1675:ISBN
1568:ISBN
1524:2019
1499:2019
1477:2014
1448:2014
1416:OCLC
1385:OCLC
1306:OCLC
1256:Etan
1145:Yoma
1068:ISSN
989:ISSN
915:ISSN
586:and
406:khan
393:hajj
148:Name
1852:132
1750:doi
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1600:202
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