Temple Mount - Knowledge

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had been accorded to the sacred compound. The site was thus called al-Haram al-Sharif, or al-Haram al-Qudsi al-Sharif. Haram, from an Arabic root meaning "prohibition," is a place characterized by a particularly high level of sanctity – a protected place in which blood may not be shed, trees may not be felled, and animals may not be hunted. The status of haram was given in the past to the Sacred Mosque in Mecca and to the Mosque of the Prophet in al-Madina (and some also accorded this status to the Valley of Wajj in Ta'if on the Arabian Peninsula?). Thus, al-Masjid al-Aqsa became al-Haram al-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary) in order to emphasize its exalted status alongside the two other Muslim sanctuaries. Although, as noted before, Ibn-Taymiyya refuted the haram status of the Jerusalem mosque, al-Aqsa's upgrading to haram status was successful and has prevailed. It became a commonly accepted idea and one referred to in international forums and documents. It was, therefore, surprising that during the 1980s the Palestinians gradually abandoned the name that had been given to the Haram/Temple Mount compound in apparent honor of Jerusalem's status as third in sanctity – al-Haram al-Sharif – in favor of its more traditional name-al-Aqsa. An examination of relevant religious texts clarifies the situation: since the name al-Aqsa appears in the Quran, all Muslims around the world should be familiar with it; thus it is easier to market the al-Aqsa brand-name. An additional factor leading to a return to the Qur'anic name is an Israeli demand to establish a Jewish prayer space inside the open court of the compound. The increased use of the name al-Aqsa is particularly striking against the background of what is written on the Web site of the Jerusalem Waqf, under the leadership of (former) Palestinian mufti Sheikh Ikrima Sabri. There it is asserted that "al Masjid al-Aqsa was erroneously called by the name al-Haram al-Qudsi al-Sharif," and that the site's correct name is al-Aqsa. This statement was written in the context of a fatwa in response to a question addressed to the Web site's scholars regarding the correct interpretation of the Isra' verse in the Quran (17:1), which tells of the Prophet Muhammad's miraculous Night Journey from the "Sacred Mosque to the Farthest Mosque" – al-Aqsa. In proof of this, Sabri quotes Ibn-Taymiyya, who denied the existence of haram in Jerusalem, a claim that actually serves those seeking to undermine the city's sacred status. Sabri also states that Arab historians such as Mujir al-Din al-Hanbali, author of the famed fifteenth-century work on Jerusalem, do not make use of the term "haram" in connection with the al-Aqsa site. Both Ibn-Taymiyya and Mujir al-Din were affiliated with the Hanbali School of law-the relatively more puritan stream in Islam that prevailed in Saudi Arabia. The Hanbalies rejected innovations, such as the idea of a third haram. One cannot exclude the possibility that the Saudis, who during the 1980s and 1990s donated significant funds to Islamic institutions in Jerusalem, exerted pressure on Palestinian-Muslim figures to abandon the term "haram" in favor of "al-Aqsa". The "al-Aqsa" brand-name has thus become popular and prevalent. Al-Haram al-Sharif is still used by official bodies (the Organization of the Islamic Conference , the Arab League), in contrast to religious entities. The public currently uses the two names interchangeably. During the last generation, increasing use has been made of the term "al-Aqsa" as a symbol and as the name of various institutions and organizations. Thus, for example, the Jordanian military periodical that has been published since the early 1970s is called al-Aqsa; the Palestinian police unit established by the PA in Jericho is called the Al-Aqsa Division; the Fatah's armed organization is called the Al-Aqsa Brigades; the Palestinian Police camp in Jericho is called the Al-Aqsa Camp; the Web sites of the southern and northern branches of the Islamic movement in Israel and the associations that they have established are called al-Aqsa; the Intifada that broke out in September 2000 is called the al-Aqsa Intifada and the Arab summit that was held in the wake of the Intifada's outbreak was called the al-Aqsa Summit. These are only a few examples of a growing phenomenon.

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ran colonnades or cloisters, to give shelter to the worshippers. On the side of the court towards the Kiblah (in the direction of Makkah), and facing which the worshipper must stand and kneel during prayers, the colonnade, instead of being single, is, for the convenience of the increased numbers of the congregation, widened out to form the Jâmi', or "place of assembly." In the case of Ibn Talūn's Mosque, five rows of columns, with the boundary-wall, form the five transverse aisles (A to a). In the centre of the boundary-wall on the Makkah side is set the great Mihrab of the mosque (a), indicating the direction of the Kiblah. Now in all descriptions of a mosque it is taken for granted that the visitor is standing in the Court (as Sahn) of the mosque, and facing the Kiblah. Fronting him therefore is the Main-building, called the "covered-part" (al Mughattâ), or the "fore-part" (al Mukaddamah) of the mosque (A to a); while in his rear is the colonnade (B), single or double, against the wall of the courtyard, furthest from the Makkah-side, and this is called the "back" of the mosque (al Muakhkharah). The "right-hand side " of the mosque is in the neighbourhood of the colonnades (C), along the wall on the right of the Court when you face the Mihrab, and the "left-hand side" is on the opposite side (D). In the Court (as Sahn) thus enclosed, are often other buildings, such as tombs or minor chapels. In the Mosque of Ibn Tulan there is a domed building (E), originally intended to serve as the mausoleum of the founder, but which, as he died far away in Syria, was.subsequently fitted up with a water-tank to serve as a place for the ablution before prayer. Turning now to the Arab descriptions of the Haram Area at Jerusalem, the point it is of importance to remember is that the term Masjid (whence through the Egyptian pronunciation of Masgid, and the Spanish Mezquita, our word "mosque") applies to the whole of the Haram Area, not to the Aksâ alone. Masjid in Arabic means "a place of prostration (in prayer);" and therefore to revert once again to Ibn Tûlûn's Mosque, (1) the Mainbuilding, A; (2) the Court, and (3) the Colonnades at the back, B; with those (4) to the right, C; to the left, D; as also (5) the Dome E in the Court-one and all form essential parts of the mosque, and are all comprehended by the term "Al Masjid.' Bearing these points in mind, and coming to the Noble Sanctuary at Jerusalem, we find that the term "Masjid," as already stated, is commonly applied not only to the Aksâ Mosque (more properly the Jâmi', or "place of assembly," for prayer), but to the whole enclosure of the great Court, with the Dome of the Rock in the middle, and all the other minor domes, and chapels, and colonnades. The Dome of the Rock (misnamed by the Franks "the Mosque of 'Omar"), is not itself a mosque or place for public prayer, but merely the largest of the many cupolas in the Court of the Mosque, and in this instance was built to cover and do honour to the Holy Rock which lies beneath it.

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refer to the well-known mosque on the south side of the Haram, but such is not really the case. The latter building is called El Jámʻi el Aksa, or simply El Aksa, and the substructures are called El Aksa el Kadímeh (the ancient Aksa), while the title El Masjid el Aksa is applied to the whole sanctuary. The word Jámi is exactly equivalent in sense to the Greek συναγωγή, and is applied to the church or building in which the worshippers congregate. Masjid, on the other hand, is a much more general term; it is derived from the verb sejada "to adore," and is applied to any spot, the sacred character of which would especially incite the visitor to an act of devotion. Our word mosque is a corruption of masjid, but it is usually misapplied, as the building is never so designated, although the whole area on which it stands may be so spoken of. The Cubbet es Sakhrah, El Aksa, Jam'i el Magharibeh, &c., are each called a Jami, but the entire Haram is a masjid. This will explain how it is that 'Omar, after visiting the churches of the Anastasis, Sion, &c., was taken to the "Masjid" of Jerusalem, and will account for the statement of Ibn el 'Asa'kir and others, that the Masjid el Aksa measured over 600 cubits in length-that is, the length of the whole Haram area. The name Masjid el Aksa is borrowed from the passage in the Coran (xvii. 1), when allusion is made to the pretended ascent of Mohammed into heaven from ·the temple of Jerusalem; "Praise be unto Him who transported His servant by night from El Masjid el Haram (i.e., 'the Sacred place of Adoration' at Mecca) to El Masjid el Aksa (i.e., 'the Remote place of Adoration' at Jerusalem), the precincts of which we have blessed," &c. The title El Aksa, "the Remote," according to the Mohammedan doctors, is applied to the temple of Jerusalem "either because of its distance from Mecca, or because it is in the centre of the earth."

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service takes place is known among the people as "al-Masjid al-Aqsa", and (1999 v. 2, pp. 63–64; 1973 v. 2, p. 24) what is known among the people as "al-Aqsa" is the jami in the core of the masjid in the direction of the giblah, where the minbar and the large mihrab are. The truth of the matter is that the term "al-Aqsa" is for all of the masjid and what the enclosure walls surround. What is intended by "al-Masjid al-Aqsā" is everything that the enclosure walls surround. Mujir al-Din did not identify al-Masjid al-Aqsā by the alternative term "al-Haram al-Sharif". That term began to be used in the Mamluk period and came into more general use in the Ottoman period. He only used the term when giving the official title of the government-appointed inspector of the two noble harams of Jerusalem and Hebron (Nazir al-Haramavn al-Sharifayn). While Mujir al-Din did not explicitly discuss why the masjid of Bayt al-Magdis "is not called the haram" (1999 v. 1, p. 70; 1973 v. 1, p. 7), he may well have adopted the same position as Ibn Taymiyah, his fellow Hanbali in the early 14th century (Ziyarat Bayt al-Maqdis Matthews 1936, p. 13; Iqtida' al-Sirat al-Mustaqim Mukhalafat Ashab al-Jahim Memon 1976: 316) in rejecting the idea that al-Masjid al-Aqsa (or the tomb of Abraham in Hebron) can legitimately be called a haram, because there are only three harams (where God prohibited hunting): Makkah, Madinah, and perhaps Täif. However Mujir al-Din was not fully consistent and also used al-Masiid al-Aqsã to refer to the roofed building, as for example when he referred to al-Nasir Muhammad installing marble in al-Masjid al-Aqsà (1999 v. 2, p. 161; 1973 v. 2, p. 92); he used the term al-Jami al-Aqsa in the parallel passage (1999 v. 2, p. 396; 1973 v. 2, p. 271).

14251:, November 14, 2019: "Some excavations, however, were overtly religious... after the Six Day War, the Ministry of Religion began an effort to expose its entire length by digging tunnels... For almost two decades there was little archaeological supervision of the tunnel work, and untold data were lost, says Israeli archaeologist Dan Bahat, who agitated successfully for archaeological control over the digs... Guards from the waqf encountered a prominent rabbi knocking down a crusader-era wall that sealed an ancient subterranean gate beneath the sacred platform... Fifteen years later, it was the turn of Israeli Jews to express outrage. In 1996 the waqf turned one of Jerusalem’s most impressive underground spaces, an enormous columned hall beneath the southeastern end of the platform known as Solomon’s Stables, from a dusty storeroom into the large Al Marwani Mosque. Three years later, the Israeli prime minister’s office granted a waqf request to open a new exit to ensure crowd safety—Israel controls security on the platform—but without informing the IAA. Heavy machinery quickly scooped out a vast pit without formal archaeological supervision. “By the time we got wind of it and stopped the work, a huge amount of damage had been done,” recalls the IAA’s Jon Seligman, then in charge of Jerusalem archaeology. Nazmi Al Jubeh, a Palestinian historian and archaeologist at Birzeit University, disagrees. “Nothing was destroyed,” he says. “I was there, monitoring the digging to be sure they did not expose archaeological layers. Before they did, I yelled, ‘Khalas!’ ”—Enough! in Arabic." 8173:

gates, the spacious yards, the mosque itself, the Dome of the Rock, Al-Musalla Al-Marawani, the corridors, domes, terraces, free drinking water (springs), and other landmarks, like minarets on the walls. Furthermore, the whole mosque is unroofed with the exception of the building of the Dome of the Rock and Al-Musalla Al-Jami`, which is known by the public as Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa. The remaining area, however, is a yard of the mosque. This is agreed upon by scholars and historians, and accordingly, the doubled reward for performing prayer therein is attained if the prayer is performed in any part of the area encompassed by the wall. Indeed, Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa, which is mentioned in Almighty Allah's Glorious Book in the first verse of Sura Al-Isra' is the blessed place that is now called the Noble Sanctuary (Al-Haram Al-Qudsi Ash-Sharif) which is enclosed within the great fence and what is built over it. Moreover, what applies to the mosque applies by corollary to the wall encircling it, since it is part of it. Such is the legal definition of Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa. Regarding the concept (definition) of Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa, Shaykh `Abdul-Hamid Al-Sa'ih, former Minister of (Religious) Endowments and Islamic Sanctuaries in Jordan said: "The term Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa, for the Muslim public, denotes all that is encircled by the wall of Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa, including the gates". Therefore, (the legally defined) Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa and Al-Haram Al-Qudsi Ash-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary) are two names for the same place, knowing that Al-Haram Ash-Sharif is a name that has only been coined recently.

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misunderstanding the text he has before him-since the native authorities use the technical terms in an extraordinarily inexact manner, often confounding the whole, and its part, under the single denomination of "Masjid." Further, the usage of various writers differs considerably on these points : Mukaddasi invariably speaks of the whole Haram Area as Al Masjid, or as Al Masjid al Aksî, "the Akså Mosque," or "the mosque," while the Main-building of the mosque, at the south end of the Haram Area, which we generally term the Aksa, he refers to as Al Mughattâ, "the Covered-part." Thus he writes "the mosque is entered by thirteen gates," meaning the gates of the Haram Area. So also "on the right of the court," means along the west wall of the Haram Area; "on the left side" means the east wall; and "at the back" denotes the northern boundary wall of the Haram Area. Nasir-i-Khusrau, who wrote in Persian, uses for the Main-building of the Aksâ Mosque the Persian word Pushish, that is, "Covered part," which exactly translates the Arabic Al Mughatta. On some occasions, however, the Akså Mosque (as we call it) is spoken of by Näsir as the Maksurah, a term used especially to denote the railed-off oratory of the Sultan, facing the Mihrâb, and hence in an extended sense applied to the building which includes the same. The great Court of the Haram Area, Nâsir always speaks of as the Masjid, or the Masjid al Akså, or again as the Friday Mosque (Masjid-i-Jum'ah).

6180:: "This article deals with the employment of religious symbols for national identities and national narratives by using the sacred compound in Jerusalem (The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa) as a case study. The narrative of The Holy Land involves three concentric circles, each encompassing the other, with each side having its own names for each circle. These are: Palestine/Eretz Israel (i.e., the Land of Israel); Jerusalem/al-Quds and finally The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa compound...Within the struggle over public awareness of Jerusalem's importance, one particular site is at the eye of the storm – the Temple Mount and its Western Wall – the Jewish Kotel – or, in Muslim terminology, the al-Aqsa compound (alternatively: al-Haram al-Sharif) including the al-Buraq Wall... "Al-Aqsa" for the Palestinian-Arab-Muslim side is not merely a mosque mentioned in the Quran within the context of the Prophet Muhammad's miraculous Night Journey to al-Aqsa which, according to tradition, concluded with his ascension to heaven (and prayer with all of the prophets and the Jewish and Christian religious figures who preceded him); rather, it also constitutes a unique symbol of identity, one around which various political objectives may be formulated, plans of action drawn up and masses mobilized for their realization", 7046: – describe a space that surrounds another architectural element. The Temple, then, was perceived as an architectural complex containing different components. Just as the altar was part of the Temple structure, so were the surrounding elements – courtyards and galleries. This is not to say that all these parts shared an equal status or degree of holiness. There was a definite, hierarchical system: the outer enclosure was not on a par with the inner court, and the inner court was not equivalent to the Holy of Holies. They were all grasped, however, as parts of a whole, which together formed the Temple. The sacredness of these territories is almost self-evident and is certainly no surprise. The expression "my holy courts" appears already in early, First Temple texts (for example, Isaiah 62:9), and it is only natural that the areas that form part of the Temple should possess some of its holiness. For example, the codes of purity were strictly enforced in these courts, in order to prevent the penetration of defilement into the inner sanctuary. The compounds surrounding the Temple, then, did not possess an independent character, and constituted an integral part of the Temple. People didn't refer to these areas as the "Temple Mount," and they were not even perceived in their consciousness as a mountain. 5363:: "This article deals with the employment of religious symbols for national identities and national narratives by using the sacred compound in Jerusalem (The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa) as a case study. The narrative of The Holy Land involves three concentric circles, each encompassing the other, with each side having its own names for each circle. These are: Palestine/Eretz Israel (i.e., the Land of Israel); Jerusalem/al-Quds and finally The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa compound...Within the struggle over public awareness of Jerusalem's importance, one particular site is at the eye of the storm—the Temple Mount and its Western Wall—the Jewish Kotel—or, in Muslim terminology, the al-Aqsa compound (alternatively: al-Haram al-Sharif) including the al-Buraq Wall... "Al-Aqsa" for the Palestinian-Arab-Muslim side is not merely a mosque mentioned in the Quran within the context of the Prophet Muhammad's miraculous Night Journey to al-Aqsa which, according to tradition, concluded with his ascension to heaven (and prayer with all of the prophets and the Jewish and Christian religious figures who preceded him); rather, it also constitutes a unique symbol of identity, one around which various political objectives may be formulated, plans of action drawn up and masses mobilized for their realization", 7421:

ce qu'on rapporte, le toit de cette mosquée est plus grand que celui de la Mesdjid el-Acsa. Au surplus, l'aire de cette dernière forme un parallelogramme dont la hauteur est de deux cents brasses (ba'a), et le base de cents quatre-vingts. La moitié de cet espace, celle qui est voisin du Mihrab, est couverte d'un toit (ou plutôt d'un dôme) en pierres soutenu par plusieurs rangs de colonnes ; l'autre est à ciel ouvert. Au centre de l'édifice est un grand dôme connu sous le nom de Dôme de la roche; il fut orné d'arabesques en or et d'autres beaux ouvrages, par les soins de divers califes musulmans. Le dôme est percé de quatre portes; en face de celle qui est à l'occident, on voit l'autel sur lequel les enfants d'Israël offraient leurs sacrifices; auprès de la porte orientale est l'église nommée le saint des saints, d'une construction élégante ; au midi est une chapelle qui était à l'usage des Musulmans; mais les chrétiens s'en sont emparés de vive force et elle est restée en leur pouvoir jusqu'à l'époque de la composition du présent ouvrage. Ils ont converti cette chapelle en un couvent où résident des religieux de l'ordre des templiers, c'est-à-dire des serviteurs de la maison de Dieu.

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place with the understanding of Islam as a continuation of Judaism (and Christianity). Muslim writers related to the site with respect to its sacred continuity. For example, the fifteenth-century Arab historian of Jerusalem Mujir al-Din quotes an early tradition narrated by al-Wasti stating, "After David built many cities and the situation of the children of Israel was improved, he wanted to construct Bayt al-Maqdis and build a dome over the rock in the place that Allah sanctified in Aelia ". In another place, he writes, "Suleiman (Solomon) built Masjid Bayt al-Maqdis by the order of his father Da'ud (David)." However, during the twentieth century, against the backdrop of the struggle between the Zionist and the Palestinian-Arab national movements, a new Arab-Muslim trend of denying Jewish attachment to the Temple Mount arose. On the Jewish side, meanwhile, some nationalists and academics also belittled the importance to Muslims of the sacred site in particular and of Jerusalem in general, highlighting the fact that Jerusalem's name never appears in the Qur'an and that the city never served as an Arab political center.

4153:, who led the Israeli force that conquered the Temple Mount, Goren proposed to him that the Dome of the Rock be immediately blown up. After Narkiss refused, Goren unsuccessfully petitioned the government to close off the Mount to Jews and non-Jews alike. Later he established his office on the Mount and conducted a series of demonstrations on the Mount in support of the right of Jewish men to enter there. His behavior displeased the government, which restricted his public actions, censored his writings, and in August prevented him from attending the annual Oral Law Conference at which the question of access to the Mount was debated. Although there was considerable opposition, the conference consensus was to confirm the ban on entry to Jews. The ruling said "We have been warned, since time immemorial , against entering the entire area of the Temple Mount and have indeed avoided doing so." According to Ron Hassner, the ruling "brilliantly" solved the government's problem of avoiding ethnic conflict, since those Jews who most respected rabbinical authority were those most likely to clash with Muslims on the Mount. 6480:

side having its own names for each circle. These are: Palestine/Eretz Israel (i.e., the Land of Israel); Jerusalem/al-Quds and finally The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa compound...Within the struggle over public awareness of Jerusalem's importance, one particular site is at the eye of the storm – the Temple Mount and its Western Wall – the Jewish Kotel – or, in Muslim terminology, the al-Aqsa compound (alternatively: al-Haram al-Sharif) including the al-Buraq Wall... "Al-Aqsa" for the Palestinian-Arab-Muslim side is not merely a mosque mentioned in the Quran within the context of the Prophet Muhammad's miraculous Night Journey to al-Aqsa which, according to tradition, concluded with his ascension to heaven (and prayer with all of the prophets and the Jewish and Christian religious figures who preceded him); rather, it also constitutes a unique symbol of identity, one around which various political objectives may be formulated, plans of action drawn up and masses mobilized for their realization.

1501: 7591:…the term Masjid (whence, through the Spanish Mezquita, our word Mosque) denotes the whole of the sacred edifice, comprising the main building and the court, with its lateral arcades and minor chapels. The earliest specimen of the Arab mosque consisted of an open courtyard, within which, round its four walls, run colonades or cloisters to give shelter to the worshippers. On the side of the court towards the Kiblah (in the direction of Mekka), and facing which the worshipper must stand, the colonade, instead of being single, is, for the convenience of the increased numbers of the congregation, widened out to form the Jami' or place of assembly… coming now to the Noble Sanctuary at Jerusalem, we must remember that the term 'Masjid' belongs not only to the Aksa mosque (more properly the Jami' or place of assembly for prayer), but to the whole enclosure with the Dome of the Rock in the middle, and all the other minor domes and chapels. 4120: 5414:; Tim Marshall: "Many people believe that the mosque depicted is called the Al-Aqsa; however, a visit to one of Palestine's most eminent intellectuals, Mahdi F. Abdul Hadi, clarified the issue. Hadi is chairman of the Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, based in East Jerusalem. His offices are a treasure trove of old photographs, documents, and symbols. He was kind enough to spend several hours with me. He spread out maps of Jerusalem's Old City on a huge desk and homed in on the Al-Aqsa compound, which sits above the Western Wall. "The mosque in the Al- Aqsa flag is the Dome of the Rock. Everyone takes it for granted that it is the Al-Aqsa mosque, but no, the whole compound is Al-Aqsa, and on it are two mosques, the Qibla mosque and the Dome of the Rock, and on the flags of both Al-Aqsa Brigades and the Qassam Brigades, it is the Dome of the Rock shown," he said. 6494:; Tim Marshall: "Many people believe that the mosque depicted is called the Al-Aqsa; however, a visit to one of Palestine's most eminent intellectuals, Mahdi F. Abdul Hadi, clarified the issue. Hadi is chairman of the Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, based in East Jerusalem. His offices are a treasure trove of old photographs, documents, and symbols. He was kind enough to spend several hours with me. He spread out maps of Jerusalem's Old City on a huge desk and homed in on the Al-Aqsa compound, which sits above the Western Wall. "The mosque in the Al-Aqsa flag is the Dome of the Rock. Everyone takes it for granted that it is the Al-Aqsa mosque, but no, the whole compound is Al-Aqsa, and on it are two mosques, the Qibla mosque and the Dome of the Rock, and on the flags of both Al-Aqsa Brigades and the Qassam Brigades, it is the Dome of the Rock shown," he said. 6231:; Tim Marshall: "Many people believe that the mosque depicted is called the Al-Aqsa; however, a visit to one of Palestine's most eminent intellectuals, Mahdi F. Abdul Hadi, clarified the issue. Hadi is chairman of the Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, based in East Jerusalem. His offices are a treasure trove of old photographs, documents, and symbols. He was kind enough to spend several hours with me. He spread out maps of Jerusalem's Old City on a huge desk and homed in on the Al-Aqsa compound, which sits above the Western Wall. "The mosque in the Al-Aqsa flag is the Dome of the Rock. Everyone takes it for granted that it is the Al-Aqsa mosque, but no, the whole compound is Al-Aqsa, and on it are two mosques, the Qibla mosque and the Dome of the Rock, and on the flags of both Al-Aqsa Brigades and the Qassam Brigades, it is the Dome of the Rock shown," he said. 1303: 215: 7789:: "Many people believe that the mosque depicted is called the Al-Aqsa; however, a visit to one of Palestine's most eminent intellectuals, Mahdi F. Abdul Hadi, clarified the issue. Hadi is chairman of the Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, based in East Jerusalem. His offices are a treasure trove of old photographs, documents, and symbols. He was kind enough to spend several hours with me. He spread out maps of Jerusalem's Old City on a huge desk and homed in on the Al-Aqsa compound, which sits above the Western Wall. "The mosque in the Al-Aqsa flag is the Dome of the Rock. Everyone takes it for granted that it is the Al-Aqsa mosque, but no, the whole compound is Al-Aqsa, and on it are two mosques, the Qibla mosque and the Dome of the Rock, and on the flags of both Al-Aqsa Brigades and the Qassam Brigades, it is the Dome of the Rock shown", he said." 3440: 9820:. "One of the most pressing issues in both medieval and contemporary scholarship related to Jerusalem is whether the city is explicitly referenced in the text of the Qur'an. Sura 17, verse 1, which reads has been variously interpreted as referring to the miraculous Night Journey and Ascension of Muhammad, events recorded in medieval sources and known as the isra and miraj. As we will see, this association is a rather late and even a contested one. The earliest Muslim work on the Religious Merits of Jerusalem was the Fada'il Bayt al-Maqdis by al-Walid ibn Hammad al-Ramli (d. 912 CE), a text which is recoverable from later works. He relates the significance of Jerusalem vis-a-vis the Jewish Temple, conflating 'a collage of biblical narratives' and comments pilgrimage to Jerusalem, a practice which was controversial in later Muslim periods." 3578: 3523: 6217:: "Al-Aqsa Mosque, also referred to as Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary), comprises the entire area within the compound walls (a total area of 144,000 m2) – including all the mosques, prayer rooms, buildings, platforms and open courtyards located above or under the grounds – and exceeds 200 historical monuments pertaining to various Islamic eras. According to Islamic creed and jurisprudence, all these buildings and courtyards enjoy the same degree of sacredness since they are built on Al-Aqsa's holy grounds. This sacredness is not exclusive to the physical structures allocated for prayer, like the Dome of the Rock or Al-Qibly Mosque (the mosque with the large silver dome)" 51: 6529:: "Al-Aqsa Mosque, also referred to as Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary), comprises the entire area within the compound walls (a total area of 144,000 m2) – including all the mosques, prayer rooms, buildings, platforms and open courtyards located above or under the grounds – and exceeds 200 historical monuments pertaining to various Islamic eras. According to Islamic creed and jurisprudence, all these buildings and courtyards enjoy the same degree of sacredness since they are built on Al-Aqsa's holy grounds. This sacredness is not exclusive to the physical structures allocated for prayer, like the Dome of the Rock or Al-Qibly Mosque (the mosque with the large silver dome)." 7767:: "Al-Aqsa Mosque, also referred to as Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary), comprises the entire area within the compound walls (a total area of 144,000 m2) – including all the mosques, prayer rooms, buildings, platforms and open courtyards located above or under the grounds – and exceeds 200 historical monuments pertaining to various Islamic eras. According to Islamic creed and jurisprudence, all these buildings and courtyards enjoy the same degree of sacredness since they are built on Al-Aqsa’s holy grounds. This sacredness is not exclusive to the physical structures allocated for prayer, like the Dome of the Rock or Al-Qibly Mosque (the mosque with the large silver dome). 5400::"Al-Aqsa Mosque, also referred to as Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary), comprises the entire area within the compound walls (a total area of 144,000 m2) – including all the mosques, prayer rooms, buildings, platforms and open courtyards located above or under the grounds – and exceeds 200 historical monuments pertaining to various Islamic eras. According to Islamic creed and jurisprudence, all these buildings and courtyards enjoy the same degree of sacredness since they are built on Al-Aqsa's holy grounds. This sacredness is not exclusive to the physical structures allocated for prayer, like the Dome of the Rock or Al-Qibly Mosque (the mosque with the large silver dome)" 10289:

stories which are not necessarily accepted as dogma. It was suggested by J. Horovitz that in the early period of Islam there is little justification for assuming that the Koranic expression in any way referred to Jerusalem. But while Horovitz thought that it referred to a place in heaven, A. Guillaume's careful analysis of the earliest texts (al-Waqidi and al-Azraqi, both in the later second century A.H.) has convincingly shown that the Koranic reference to the masjid al-aqsa applies specifically to al-Ji'ranah, near Mekkah, where there were two sanctuaries (masjid al-adnai and masjid al-aqsa), and where Muhammad so-journed in dha al-qa'dah of the eighth year after the Hijrah.

10243:

interpreted "furthest place of prayer" with the city of Jerusalem in general and its Herodian/Solomonic Temple in particular. It is equally clear that other early Muslims disputed this connection, identifying the "furthest place of prayer" instead as a reference to a site in the heavens. Eventually a general consensus formed around the idea that Muhammad's journey did indeed take him to Jerusalem. Even if the night journey verse were thought to refer first and foremost to the terrestrial portion of Muhammad's journey, nevertheless for centuries scholars and storytellers also continued to connect this verse with the idea of an ascent through the levels of the heavens.

9829:"The city of Jerusalem was chosen at the command of Allah by Prophet David in the tenth century BCE. After him his son, the Prophet Solomon built a mosque in Jerusalem according to the revelation that he received from Allah. For several centuries this mosque was used for the worship of Allah by many Prophets and Messengers of Allah. It was destroyed by the Babylonians in the year 586 BCE., but it was soon rebuilt and was rededicated to the worship of Allah in 516 BCE. It continued afterwards for several centuries until the time of Prophet Jesus. After he departed this world, it was destroyed by the Romans in the year 70 CE." (Siddiqi, Dr. Muzammil. 6430:

nationalism in the Arab world, important schools have insisted on separation of religion and state. In addition, a degree of tension exists between al-Aqsa's two aspects, as a national symbol uniting Palestinian Muslims and Christians, and al-Aqsa as an exclusively Muslim symbol. In other words, the intentions of Palestinians united under the banner of al-Aqsa are not all the same… For the Palestinians, al-Aqsa is a singular focal point of self-respect and religious destiny. This heightens their commitment to the site, without connection to their religious affiliation (Muslim or Christian) or level of religious belief and observance.

2335: 10197:

in fact, in the older tradition isra is often used as synonymous with miradj (see Isl., vi, 14). The second explanation , the only one given in all the more modern commentaries, interprets masjid al-aksa as "Jerusalem" and this for no very apparent reason. It seems to have been an Umayyad device intended to further the glorification of Jerusalem as against that of the holy territory (cf. Goldziher, Muh. Stud., ii, 55-6; Isl, vi, 13 ff), then ruled by Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr. Al-Tabarl seems to reject it. He does not mention it in his History and seems rather to adopt the first explanation.

2127: 4348: 6123:

considered by Muslims to be the al-Aqsa Mosque, and the entire precinct is inviolable according to Islamic law. It is considered specifically part of the waqf (endowment) land that had included the Western Wall (Wailing Wall), property of an Algerian family, and more generally a waqf of all of Islam. When viewed as a complex of buildings, the al-Aqsa Mosque is dominated and bounded by two major structures: the al-Aqsa Mosque building on the east and the Dome of the Rock (or the Mosque of Omar) on the west. The Dome of the Rock is the oldest holy building in Islam.

5308:

4564:) are more substantial; heading into the Mount for some distance they each finally have steps rising to the surface just north of al-Aqsa Mosque. The passageway for each is vaulted, and has two aisles (in the case of the triple gate, a third aisle exists for a brief distance beyond the gate); the eastern aisle of the double gates and western aisle of the triple gates reach the surface, the other aisles terminating some way before the steps. Warren believed that one aisle of each original passage was extended when al-Aqsa Mosque blocked the original surface exits. 131: 8087:

of this term is unclear, we know that it only became common in Ottoman times, when administrative order was established over all matters pertaining to the organization of the Muslim faith and the supervision of the holy places, for which the Ottomans took financial and architectural responsibility. Before the Ottomans, the space was usually called al-masjid al-aqsa (the Farthest Mosque), a term now reserved to the covered congregational space on the Haram, or masjid bayt al-maqdis (Mosque of the Holy City) or, even, like Mecca's sanctuary, al-masjid al-ḥarâm.

138: 7464:," who died A.H. 927, (A.D. 1521)… "I have at the commencement called attention to the fact that the place now called by the name Aksa (i. e. the most distant), is the Mosk properly so called, at the southern extremity of the area, where is the Minbar and the great Mihrab. But in fact Aksa is the name of the whole area enclosed within the walls, the dimensions of which I have just given, for the Mosk proper , the Dome of the Rock, the Cloisters, and other buildings, are all of late construction, and Mesjid el-Aksa is the correct name of the whole area." 3250:

years you have longed to see inhabited, and may bring settlers there, and, together with you, may glorify the Most High God therein." Julian saw the Jewish God as a fitting member of the pantheon of gods he believed in, and he was also a strong opponent of Christianity. Church historians wrote that the Jews began to clear away the structures and rubble on the Temple Mount but were thwarted, first by a great earthquake, and then by miracles that included fire springing from the earth. However, no contemporary Jewish sources mention this episode directly.

3200: 4843: 4240:"One may bring a dead body in to the (lower sanctified areas of the) Temple Mount and there is no need to say that the ritually impure (from the dead) may enter there, because the dead body itself can enter". One who is ritually impure through direct or in-direct contact of the dead cannot walk in the higher sanctified areas. For those who are visibly Jewish, they have no choice, but to follow a peripheral route as it has become unofficially part of the status quo on the Mount. Many of these recent opinions rely on archaeological evidence. 5129:: On 15 April 2022, clashes erupted between Palestinians and Israeli Security Forces on the Temple Mount. The clashes began when Palestinians threw stones, firecrackers, and other heavy objects at Israeli police officers. The policemen responded with various riot control measures. Some Palestinians then barricaded themselves inside al-Aqsa Mosque and continued throwing stones at the policemen. In response, police raided the mosque, arresting those who had barricaded themselves inside. Some damage was done to the mosque's structure. 3934: 2474:– as to where the best spot would be to build a mosque. Al-Ahbar suggested to him that it should be behind the Rock "... so that all of Jerusalem would be before you." Umar replied, "You correspond to Judaism!" Immediately after this conversation, Umar began to clean up the site – which was filled with trash and debris – with his cloak, and other Muslim followers imitated him until the site was clean. Umar then prayed at the spot where it was believed that Muhammad had prayed before his night journey, reciting the Quranic 2362: 17115: 10995:

bottom step, Ritmeyer discovered, is really a building stone marking a pre-Herodian wall. The wall, he found, was precisely parallel to the eastern wall of the Mount, and by one standard measure of a cubit, the two walls are five hundred cubits apart. Ritmeyer was beginning to map out the original Temple Mount, from before the time of Herod. Another clue: In the eastern wall, Warren had found just the slightest bend, marking the point where the wall once ended. That was the southeastern corner of the original Mount.

3919:, a group of women, cried 'Allah Akbar' at groups of Jewish visitors to remind them the Temple Mount was still in Muslim hands. In October 2021, a Jewish man, Aryeh Lippo, who was banned by Israeli police from the Temple Mount for fifteen days after being caught quietly praying, had his ban overturned by an Israeli court on the grounds that his behavior had not violated police instructions. Hamas called the ruling "a clear declaration of war". A higher Israel court quickly reversed the lower court's ruling. 3095: 2651: 3605: 3994: 4094:

the Temple sanctified the site for eternity and consequently the restrictions on entry to the site remain in force. While secular Jews ascend freely, the question of whether ascending is permitted is a matter of some debate among religious authorities, with a majority holding that it is permitted to ascend to the Temple Mount, but not to step on the site of the inner courtyards of the ancient Temple. The question then becomes whether the site can be ascertained accurately.

9853:"Early Muslims regarded the building and destruction of the Temple of Solomon as a major historical and religious event, and accounts of the Temple are offered by many of the early Muslim historians and geographers (including Ibn Qutayba, Ibn al-Faqih, Mas'udi, Muhallabi, and Biruni). Fantastic tales of Solomon's construction of the Temple also appear in the Qisas al-anbiya', the medieval compendia of Muslim legends about the pre-Islamic prophets." (Kramer, Martin. 1793: 16560: 4503: 3324: 17549: 1623: 2718: 2370: 17537: 17561: 3103: 5154: 3360:. Al-Ahbar advised Umar to build a mosque to the north of the rock, so that worshippers would face both the rock and Mecca, but instead Umar chose to build it to the south of the rock. It became known as al-Aqsa Mosque. According to Muslim sources, Jews participated in the construction of the haram, laying the groundwork for both al-Aqsa and the Dome of the Rock mosques. The first known eyewitness testimony is that of the pilgrim 4769: 17585: 3851:, in response to an appeal in 1976 against police interference with an individual's putative right to prayer on the site, expressed the view that, while Jews had a right to prayer there, it was not absolute but subject to the public interest and the rights of other groups. Israel's courts have considered the issue as one beyond their remit, and, given the delicacy of the matter, under political jurisdiction. Barak wrote: 3028:. The ambitious project, which involved the employment of 10,000 workers, more than doubled the size of the Temple Mount to approximately 36 acres (150,000 m). Herod leveled the area by cutting away rock on the northwest side and raising the sloping ground to the south. He achieved this by constructing huge buttress walls and vaults and filling the necessary sections with earth and rubble. The result was the largest 1663:, which was excavated through buildings adjacent to the platform. On the southern and eastern sides, the walls are visible almost to their full height. The platform itself is separated from the rest of the Old City by the Tyropoeon Valley, though this once deep valley is now largely hidden beneath later deposits and is imperceptible in places. The platform can be reached via Gate of the Chain Street – a street in the 17573: 7697:: "Recalling the unique religious importance, to all Muslims, of al-Masjid al-Aqsa with its 144 Dunums, which include the Qibli Mosque of al-Aqsa, the Mosque of the Dome of the Rock and all its mosques, buildings, walls, courtyards, attached areas over and beneath the ground and the Waqf properties tied-up to al-Masjid al-Aqsa, to its environs or to its pilgrims (hereinafter referred to as "Al-Haram Al-Sharif")." 3087:. It took the Romans four months to defeat the Temple Mount's defenders and take the site. The Romans completely destroyed the Temple and all the other structures on the platform. Massive stone collapses from the upper walls were discovered laying over the Herodian street that runs along the southern part of the Western Wall, with some of the stones burned at temperatures reaching 800 °C (1472 °F). The 7058:: "They all reassure their rejection of the attempts to Judaize al-Aqsa Mosque or any of its components by the Israeli Occupation Authorities, its various organs and the Jewish organizations, which interfering with its extreme Jewish organizations, which attempt interfering with its administration, hampering its reconstruction, and forcing strange and alien names among other newly-created Judaization terms." 3981:. Normally, West Bank Palestinians are allowed access to Jerusalem only during Islamic holidays, with access usually restricted to men over 35 and women of any age eligible for permits to enter the city. Palestinian residents of Jerusalem, which because of Israel's annexation of Jerusalem, hold Israeli permanent residency cards, and Israeli Arabs, are permitted unrestricted access to the Temple Mount. The 4495: 4386: 2849: 2350: 7483:

nom de l'enceinte entière, en tant qu'elle est enfermée de murs, dont nous venons de donner la longueur et la largeur, car la mosquée proprement dite, le dôme de la roche Sakhra, les portiques et les autres bâtimens, sont tous des constructions récentes, et Mesdjidol-aksa est le véritable nom de toute l'enceinte. (Le Mesdjid des arabes répond à l'ίερόν et le Djami au ναός des grecs.)

3647:. Many saw the capture of Jerusalem and the Temple Mount as a miraculous liberation of biblical-messianic proportions. A few days after the war over 200,000 Jews flocked to the Western Wall in the first mass Jewish pilgrimage near the Mount since the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE. Islamic authorities did not disturb Goren when he went to pray on the Mount until, on the 4708:), built during the Mamluk period. A number of other structures were also built along these areas, mainly also from the Mamluk period. On the north side, they include the Isardiyya Madrasa, built before 1345, and the Almalikiyya Madrasa, dated to 1340. On the west side, they include the Ashrafiyya Madrasa, built by Sultan Qaytbay between 1480 and 1482, and the adjacent 4251:, reiterated the ban on Jews entering the Temple Mount. They wrote, "In light of neglecting , we once again warn that nothing has changed and this strict prohibition remains in effect for the entire area ". In November 2014, the Sephardic chief rabbi Yitzhak Yosef reiterated the point of view held by many rabbinic authorities that Jews should not visit the Mount. 3864:, the Supreme Muslim Council and police, which would allow short visits in small groups, was exercised once and never repeated, after 2,000 Muslims armed with stones and bottles attacked the group and stoned worshipers at the Western Wall. During the 1990s, additional attempts were made for Jewish prayer on the Temple Mount, which were stopped by Israeli police. 2990:, who had been invited to intervene in the conflict, sided with Hyrcanus; Aristobulus and his followers barricaded themselves inside the Temple Mount and destroyed the bridge linking it to the city. When the Roman Army arrived in Jerusalem, Pompey ordered the moat defending the Temple Mount from the north to be filled in. To accomplish this, Pompey waited for 2825:

Some scholars believe that, in accordance with biblical accounts, the royal and religious compound on the Temple Mount was built by Solomon during the 10th century BCE as a separate entity, which was later incorporated into the city. Knauf argued that the Temple Mount already served as the cultic and governmental center of Jerusalem as early as in the

4811:. Many Israelis regarded this as a radical change of the status quo, which should not have been undertaken without first consulting the Israeli government. The project was done without attention to the possibility of disturbing historically significant archaeological material, with stone and ancient artifacts treated without regard to their preservation. 3888:"anyone who wants to change the status quo on the Temple Mount should not be allowed up there", citing an "extreme right-wing agenda to change the status quo on the Temple Mount"; Hamas and Islamic Jihad continued to erroneously assert that the Israeli government planned to destroy the al-Aqsa Mosque, resulting in chronic terrorist attacks and rioting. 4479:(which was previously a mosque). Warren believed that it was almost certainly built for some other purpose and was only adapted into a cistern at a later date; he suggested that it might have been part of a general vault supporting the northern side of the platform, in which case substantially more of the chamber exists than is used for a cistern. 3847:, then the military chief rabbi, had objected as well, claiming the decision handed over the complex to the Muslims, since the Western Wall's holiness is derived from the Mount and symbolizes exile, while praying on the Mount symbolizes freedom and the return of the Jewish people to their homeland. The President of the High Court of Justice, 2224:, to be a divine act of punishment for the sins of the Jewish people, the Temple Mount lost its significance for Christian worship with the Christians considering it a fulfillment of Christ's prophecy at, for example, Matthew 23:38 and Matthew 24:2. It was to this end, proof of a biblical prophecy fulfilled and of Christianity's 7163:

stakeholder status. Since WAC is also bound to defy the forcible occupation of territory and the oppression of peoples, to recognise 'Temple Mount' as a legitimate title is potentially to recognise Israeli claims and therefore implicitly offer support for Israeli occupation of Jerusalem in defiance of international condemnation.

3510:. The Mamluks also raised the level of Jerusalem's Central or Tyropoean Valley bordering the Temple Mount from the west by constructing huge substructures, on which they then built on a large scale. The Mamluk-period substructures and over-ground buildings are thus covering much of the Herodian western wall of the Temple Mount. 4544:(the oldest part of Jerusalem), and the main access to the Mount for ordinary Jews. In the western face, near the southern corner, is the Barclay's Gate – only half visible due to a building (the "house of Abu Sa'ud") on the northern side. Also in the western face, hidden by later construction but visible via the recent 3546:(P.E.F.), discovered a series of tunnels near the Temple Mount. Warren secretly excavated some tunnels near the Temple Mount walls and was the first one to document their lower courses. Warren also conducted some small-scale excavations inside the Temple Mount, by removing rubble that blocked passages leading from the 3697:, investigative journalism has shown this allegation to be false. Rocks were eventually thrown, while security forces fired rounds that killed 21 people and injuring 150 more. An Israeli inquiry found Israeli forces at fault, but it also concluded that charges could not be brought against any particular individuals. 1294:, Mount Zion was the site of the Jebusite fortress called the "stronghold of Zion", but once the First Temple was erected, according to the Bible, at the top of the Eastern Hill ("Temple Mount"), the name "Mount Zion" migrated there too. The name later migrated for a last time, this time to Jerusalem's Western Hill. 5996:

that cannot be resolved in “our time.” Advocates of such prayer and sacrifice tend to be, like Goren, Orthodox-nationalist zealots educated in local yeshivas and identified with the neo-Zionist settlement project. They are, like Islamists, fanatics warped by violence and nationalist fantasy – “Jewists,” not Jews.‘

8047:"Al-Masjid al-Aqsa" was the standard designation for the whole sanctuary until the Ottoman period, when it was superseded by "al-Haram al-Sharif"; "al-Jami' al-Aqsa" specifically referred to the Aqsa Mosque, the mughatta or the covered aisles, the site on which 'Umar founded the first mosque amidst ancient ruins. 8927:

cannot be resolved in “our time.” Advocates of such prayer and sacrifice tend to be, like Goren, Orthodox-nationalist zealots educated in local yeshivas and identified with the neo-Zionist settlement project. They are, like Islamists, fanatics warped by violence and nationalist fantasy – “Jewists,” not Jews.‘

13859: 9248:

Oxford University Press, US, 2006 p. 236: "Some analyses rest on the assumption that the ancient Jewish temple was inherently flawed, and in need of replacement. This kind of approach is contradicted by the rather significant evidence that can be marshaled to the effect that early Christians remained

8530:

mention is made of "illegal archaeological excavations" and the "continuous, intrusive archaeological demolitions and excavations in and around the Mughrabi Gate Ascent." The text notes that "damage caused by the Israeli security forces ... to the historic Gates and windows of the Qibli Mosque inside

7745:

Omran M. Hassan, A Graphical Vision of Aesthetics of Al-Quds Architecture through the Digital Technology, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 7s, (2020), pp. 2819–2838: “As shown, it is a part of the building of Al-Qibli mosque which is part of Al-Aqsa Mosque and one

7739:

The compound is an enclosed platform, with its western portion demarcated as the Jewish holy site of the Wailing Wall. Within the com- pound are two hallowed buildings: the Dome of the Rock and al-Qibli mosque.19 Muslims venerate the Dome of the Rock as the site where Muhammad ascended to heaven, and

7033:

was not an integral part of the Second Temple period's lexicon...The most important question, however, is: how was this surrounding territory perceived by those living at the time, and how did it rank, if at all, in their world-view? It seems to me that throughout most of the period, the area did not

6684:

The HS is also the third holiest site in Islam. Early Islam identified the location of the Holy Rock (known as the Foundation Stone among Jews) with the Temple of Solomon. The Dome of the Rock, built by the Caliph 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan at the end of the seventh century CE, was aimed to glorify the

6267:: "Israeli Deputy Minister Tzipi Hotovely referred to the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound as 'the centre of Israeli sovereignty, the capital of Israel'... In response, Netanyahu's office later that night put out a statement saying that 'non-Muslims visit the Temple Mount ' but are not permitted to pray there. 5782:

Temple Mount, site of the Temple of Jerusalem, which was destroyed by the Romans on the 9th/10th of Av in 70 CE (see Tisha be-Av). It consists of a raised platform that, since the 7th century, has been home to the Islamic holy sites of the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque. The lower section of the

4755:

Due to the extreme political sensitivity of the site, no real archaeological excavations have ever been conducted on the Temple Mount itself. Protests commonly occur whenever archaeologists conduct projects near the Mount. This sensitivity has not, however, protected both Jewish and Muslim works from

4559:

Warren was able to investigate the inside of these gates. Warren's Gate and the Golden Gate simply head toward the centre of the Mount, giving access to the surface by steps. Barclay's Gate is similar, but abruptly turns south as it does so; the reason for this is unknown. The double and triple gates

4055:

were not allowed to enter the inner court. Non-Jews were also prohibited from entering the inner court of the Temple. A hewn stone measuring 60 cm × 90 cm (24 in × 35 in) and engraved with Greek uncials was discovered in 1871 near a court on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem

3825:

Although the 1949 Armistice Agreement called for "resumption of the normal functioning of the cultural and humanitarian institutions on Mount Scopus and free access thereto; free access to the Holy Places and cultural institutions and use of the cemetery on the Mount of Olives", in practice, wire and

3249:

granted permission in the year 363 for the Jews to rebuild the Temple. In a letter attributed to Julian he wrote to the Jews that "This you ought to do, in order that, when I have successfully concluded the war in Persia, I may rebuild by my own efforts the sacred city of Jerusalem, which for so many

3234:, who visited Jerusalem in 333–334, during the reign of Emperor Constantine I, wrote that "There are two statues of Hadrian, and, not far from them, a pierced stone to which the Jews come every year and anoint. They mourn and rend their garments, and then depart." The occasion is assumed to have been 2040:

And it shall come to pass in the end of days, that the mountain of the LORD'S house shall be established as the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and all nations shall flow unto it. And many peoples shall go and say: 'Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to

1199:

The exact moment when the concept of the Mount as a topographical feature separate from the Temple or the city itself first came into existence is a matter of debate among scholars. According to Eliav, it was during the first century CE, after the destruction of the Second Temple. Shahar and Shatzman

11021:

Accordingly, the ashlar in this step/wall gave a strong impression of being pre-Herodian. It looked very much like the lowest masonry in the central section of the eastern wall of the Temple Mount, near the Golden Gate. I therefore proposed that this step was actually a section of a wall—part of the

10811:

Solomon built a palace, and his famous temple on Mount Moriah, which came to be known as the Temple Mount. The Temple was a rectangular-shaped structure, divided into three parts: the Ulam, the Hechal and the Gvir. Two pillars in bronze stood in front of the Temple. Together with the Temple, Solomon

10196:

For this verse, tradition gives three interpretations: The oldest one, which disappears from the more recent commentaries, detects an allusion to Muhammad's Ascension to Heaven. This explanation interprets the expression al-masjid al-aksa, "the further place of worship" in the sense of "Heaven" and,

9905:

period, states on page 4: "The site is one of the oldest in the world. Its sanctity dates from the earliest (perhaps from pre-historic) times. Its identity with the site of Solomon's Temple is beyond dispute. This, too, is the spot, according to universal belief, on which 'David built there an altar

8172:

Many people think that Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa is only the mosque established south of the Dome of the Rock, where the obligatory five daily prayers are performed now. Actually, Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa is a term that applies to all parts of the Masjid, including the area encompassed within the wall, such as the

8086:

It is only at a relatively late date that the Muslim holy space in Jerusalem came to be referred to as al-haram al-sharif (literally, the Noble Sacred Precinct or Restricted Enclosure, often translated as the Noble Sanctuary and usually simply referred to as the Haram). While the exact early history

7997:

During the Middle Ages, when the issue of Jerusalem's status was a point of controversy, the supporters of Jerusalem's importance (apparently after its liberation from Crusader control) succeeded in attributing to al-Quds or to Bayt-al-Maqdis (the Arabic names for Jerusalem) the status of haram that

7849:

The main characteristics of the primitive Arab mosque are well exemplified in the accompanying plan representing the Jâmi' of Ibn Talûn. This is the oldest mosque in Cairo… As here seen in its simplest form, the mosque primarily consisted of an open courtyard, within which, and round its four walls,

7700:

Yehia Hassan Wazeri THE FARTHEST MOSQUE OR THE ALLEGED TEMPLE AN ANALYTIC STUDY, Journal of Islamic Architecture Volume 2 Issue 3 June 2013, “The blessed Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa, which is mentioned in the Ever Glorious Qur'an (in Sura Al-Isra'), is the blessed spot that is now called Al-Haram Al-Qudsi and

5450:: "Israeli Deputy Minister Tzipi Hotovely referred to the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound as 'the centre of Israeli sovereignty, the capital of Israel'...In response, Netanyahu's office later that night put out a statement saying that 'non-Muslims visit the Temple Mount ' but are not permitted to pray there. 4968:

announced a competition to design a fifth minaret for the walls of the Temple Mount complex. He said it would "reflect the Islamic significance and sanctity of the mosque". The scheme, estimated to cost $ 300,000, is for a seven-sided tower – after the seven-pointed Hashemite star – and at 42 metres

4426:

beneath the lower platform, designed to collect rainwater as a water supply. These have various forms and structures, seemingly built in different periods, ranging from vaulted chambers built in the gap between the bedrock and the platform, to chambers cut into the bedrock itself. Of these, the most

4145:

was broadcast, warning that Jews were not permitted to enter the site. This warning was reiterated by the Council of the Chief Rabbinate a few days later, which issued an explanation written by Rabbi Bezalel Jolti (Zolti) that "Since the sanctity of the site has never ended, it is forbidden to enter

3880:

In the 2010s, fear arose among Palestinians that Israel planned to change the status quo and permit Jewish prayers or that al-Aqsa mosque might be damaged or destroyed by Israel. Al-Aqsa was used as a base for attacks on visitors and the police from which stones, firebombs and fireworks were thrown.

1699:

Jerusalem's holy sites to determine their conservation status". While the text acknowledged the "importance of the Old City of Jerusalem and its walls for the three monotheistic religions", it referred to the sacred hilltop compound in Jerusalem's Old City only by its Muslim name Al-Haram al-Sharif.

8119:

Mujir al-Din defined al-Masjid al-Aqsā as the entire compound, acknowledging that in common usage it referred to the roofed building at the south end of the compound. As he put it (1999 v. 2, p. 45; 1973 v. 2, p. 11), the jami' that is in the core of al-Masjid al-Aqsa at the qiblah where the Friday

7825:

The New Testament writers used two different Greek words to describe the "temple": naos and hieron. Naos refers to the actual "sanctuary" of the temple, the place of God's dwelling. Hieron refers to the "temple precincts" as well as to the "sanctuary." Generally speaking, naos was used to designate

7482:

Nous avons dès le commencement appelé l'attention sur que l'endroit, auquel les hommes donnent aujourd'hui le nom d'Aksa, c'est à-dire, la plus éloignée, est la mosquée proprement dite, bâtie à l'extrêmité méridionale de l'enceinte où se trouve la chaire et le grand autel. Mais en effet Aksa est le

7420:

Sous la domination musulmane il fut agrandi, et c'est (aujourd'hui) la grande mosquée connue par les Musulmans sous le nom de Mesdjid el-Acsa مسجد الأقصى. Il n'en existe pas au monde qui l'égale en grandeur, si l'on en excepte toutefois la grande mosquée de Cordoue en Andalousie ; car, d'après

5995:

13 May :’The point is, this kind of recklessness not only offended secular democrats, it vulgarized what “holy” has meant for most observant Jews, too. Not coincidentally, more than 85 percent of Israel’s Haredi Jews oppose prayer on the Mount, for reasons having to do with purity and impurity

4093:

wrote that it was only permitted to enter the site to fulfill a religious precept. After the destruction of the Temple there was discussion as to whether the site, bereft of the Temple, still maintained its holiness. Jewish codifiers accepted the opinion of Maimonides who ruled that the holiness of

3712:, a group of religious Jews, that they were going to lay the cornerstone of the Third Temple. Between 1992 and 1994, the Jordanian government undertook the unprecedented step of gilding the dome of the Dome of the Rock, covering it with 5000 gold plates, and restoring and reinforcing the structure. 14640:

Israeli excavation works near the al-Aqsa mosque in the holy city of Jerusalem have led to a dangerous rise in Middle East tensions and could derail revival of Arab-Israeli peace talks...what Israel is doing in its practices and attacks against our sacred Muslim sites in Jerusalem and al-Aqsa is a

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When he desired to turn back to Medina, he set out from al-Jirrana on Wednesday night, twelve nights remaining in Dhul-Qada. He donned his ihram at the furthest mosque (al-masjid al-Aqsa), which was below the wadi on a remote slope. It was the place of prayer of the Messenger of God when he was in

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3 May 2022: '86.5 percent of ultra-Orthodox Jews opposed prayer for reasons of halakha, while national religious (51 percent), traditional religious (54.5 percent) and traditional non-religious respondents (49 percent) supported worship on the mount for nationalist reasons. Many rabbis, and almost

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13 May:’The point is, this kind of recklessness not only offended secular democrats, it vulgarized what “holy” has meant for most observant Jews, too. Not coincidentally, more than 85 percent of Israel’s Haredi Jews oppose prayer on the Mount, for reasons having to do with purity and impurity that

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This article deals with the employment of religious symbols for national identities and national narratives by using the sacred compound in Jerusalem (The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa) as a case study. The narrative of The Holy Land involves three concentric circles, each encompassing the other, with each

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WHERE AND WHAT IS THE AL-AQSA MOSQUE? The Al-Aqsa lies at the heart of Jerusalem's Old City on a hill known to Jews as Har ha-Bayit, or Temple Mount, and to Muslims internationally as al-Haram al-Sharif, or The Noble Sanctuary. Muslims regard the site as the third holiest in Islam, after Mecca and

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in Israel showed that 49% of Israelis want the Temple to be rebuilt, with 27% saying the government should make active steps towards such reconstruction. The poll was conducted by channel 99, the government-owned Knesset channel, in advance of the ninth day of the Hebrew month of Av, on which Jews

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the Triple Gate passageway. These passages lead in erratic directions, some leading beyond the southern edge of the Temple Mount (they are at a depth below the base of the walls); their purpose is unknown – as is whether they predate the Temple Mount – a situation not helped by the fact that apart

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The lower platform – which constitutes most of the surface of the Temple Mount – has at its southern end al-Aqsa Mosque, which takes up most of the width of the Mount. Gardens take up the eastern and most of the northern side of the platform; the far north of the platform houses an Islamic school.

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Although freedom of access was enshrined in the law, as a security measure, the Israeli government now enforces a ban on non-Muslim prayer on the site. Non-Muslims who are observed praying on the site are subject to expulsion by the police. At various times, when there is fear of Arab rioting upon

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and captured the city from the Byzantine Empire, which had defeated the Persian forces and their allies, and reconquered the city. There are no contemporary records, but many traditions, about the origin of the main Islamic buildings on the mount. A popular account from later centuries is that the

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is believed to have once been a part of a much larger royal complex. The Bible also mentions several other buildings constructed by Solomon at the site, including the royal palace, the "House of the Lebanon Forest", the "Hall of Pillars", the "Hall of Throne" and the "House of Pharaoh's Daughter".

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that condemned what it described as "escalating Israeli aggressions" and illegal measures against the waqf, called for the restoration of Muslim access and demanded that Israel respect the historical status quo and also criticized Israel for its continuous "refusal to let the body's experts access

1220:'s atonement for his sins is associated with the Mountain of the House of the Lord (33:15). The conception of the Temple as being located on a holy mountain possessing special qualities is found repeatedly in Psalms, with the surrounding area being considered an integral part of the Temple itself. 7294:

EXCURSUS ON THE NAME MASJID EL AKSA. In order to understand the native accounts of the sacred area at Jerusalem, it is essentially necessary to keep in mind the proper application of the various names by which it is spoken of. When the Masjid el Aksa is mentioned, that name is usually supposed to

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In late 2002, a bulge of about 700 mm (28 in) was reported in the southern retaining wall part of the Temple Mount. A Jordanian team of engineers recommended replacing or resetting most of the stones in the affected area. In February 2004, the eastern wall of the Mount was damaged by an

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Woman, believe me, the hour is coming when neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem will you worship the Father. You worship what you do not know; we worship what we know, for salvation is from the Jews. But the hour is coming, and is now here, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in

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Dated 18 January 1988 from the Permanent Observer for the Palestine Liberation Organization to the United Nations Office at Geneva Addressed to the Under-Secretary-General for Human Rights Ramlawi, Nabil. Permanent Observer of the Palestine Liberation Organization to the United Nations Office at

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To locate the Temple, Ritmeyer used Mazar's work, and the explorations of Captain Warren, and more evidence he found himself. A key clue: On the northwest corner of the platform where the Dome of the Rock stands, there's a set of stairs. The stairs are at an odd angle to the platform—because the

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The holy house has most commonly assumed to be located on the same spot as the Moslem holy structure known as the Dome of the Rock. This assumption has been held for centuries for the following reasons: The rock out-cropping under the Dome of the Rock is the main natural feature within the Haram

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and the rioters failed. This resulted in imposing strict limitations on entry of visitors to the Temple Mount. Israeli leadership repeatedly stated that the status quo would not change. According to then Jerusalem police commissioner Yohanan Danino, the place is at the center of a "holy war" and

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the city from the Byzantine Empire which had retaken it in 629. The Byzantine ban on the Jews was lifted and they were allowed to live inside the city and visit the places of worship. Christian pilgrims were able to come and experience the Temple Mount area. The war between Seljuqs and Byzantine

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Cistern 5 (located under the southeastern corner of the upper platform)—a long and narrow chamber, with a strange anti-clockwise curved section at its northwestern corner and containing within it a doorway currently blocked by earth. The cistern's position and design is such that there has been

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and Muslim religious authorities of Jerusalem reformulating the status quo. Jews were given the right to visit the Temple Mount unobstructed and free of charge if they respected Muslims' religious feelings and acted decently, but they were not allowed to pray. The Western Wall was to remain the

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shaped platform measures 488 m (1,601 ft) along the west, 470 m (1,540 ft) along the east, 315 m (1,033 ft) along the north and 280 m (920 ft) along the south, giving a total area of approximately 150,000 m (37 acres). The northern wall of the Mount,

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Bevan has shown that among early traditionists there are many who do not accept the identification of the masjid al-aqsd, and among them are to be found such great names as al-Bukhari and Tabarl. Both Ibn Ishaq an al-Ya'qubi precede their accounts with expressions which indicate that these are

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79.7: "And he bought the parcel of ground, where he had spread his tent...for a hundred pieces of money." Rav Yudan son of Shimon said: 'This is one of the three places where the non-Jews cannot deceive the Jewish People by saying that they stole it from them, and these are the places: Ma'arat

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which require WAC to adhere to UN and UNESCO principles of Human Rights and official languages: whether the latter extends to adoption of UNESCO names for things and places is less clear. But it goes further than this: the names applied to places are also indications of claims of ownership and

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erected a palace, described in Kings 7: 1–11. The palace included various halls, the 'House of the Forest of Lebanon', the 'Hall of Pillars', the 'Hall of the Throne', 'his own House', for dwelling, and 'the other court', and was probably inspired by contemporary Cypro-Phoenician architecture.

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The basic principle is that every Jew has the right to enter the Temple Mount, to pray there, and to have communion with his maker. This is part of the religious freedom of worship, it is part of the freedom of expression. However, as with every human right, it is not absolute, but a relative

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In response, Israel denounced the UNESCO resolution for its omission of the words "Temple Mount" or "Har HaBayit", stating that it denied Jewish ties to the site. Israel froze all ties with UNESCO. In October 2017, Israel and the United States announced they would withdraw from UNESCO, citing

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If Muslims interpret the qur'anic phrase "the sacred place of prayer" in diverse ways, one encounters even more debate over the destination of the night journey, the "furthest place of prayer". From the earliest extant Muslim texts, it becomes clear that a group of Muslims from the beginning

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The holy site known to Jews as the Temple Mount and to Muslims as Haram al-Sharif or al-Aqsa is central to both the Jewish and Palestinian Arab national movements… Al-Aqsa can thus be seen as the central symbol of Palestinian nationalism... One should bear in mind that since the emergence of

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On October 8, 1990, Israeli forces patrolling the site blocked worshippers from reaching it. A tear gas canister was set off among the female worshippers, which caused events to escalate. On 12 October 1990 Palestinian Muslims protested violently the intention of some extremist Jews to lay a

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THE AKSÀ MOSQUE. The great mosque of Jerusalem, Al Masjid al Aksà, the "Further Mosque," derives its name from the traditional Night Journey of Muhammad, to which allusion is made in the words of the Kuran (xvii. I)... the term "Mosque" being here taken to denote the whole area of the Noble

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The al-Aqsa Mosque (literally, "farthest mosque") is both a building and a complex of religious buildings in Jerusalem. It is known to Muslims as al-Haram al-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary) and to Jews and Christians as the Har ha-Bayit or Temple Mount. The whole area of the Noble Sanctuary is

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rabbis are of the opinion that the Mount is off limits to Jews and non-Jews alike. Their opinions against entering the Temple Mount are based on the current political climate surrounding the Mount, along with the potential danger of entering the hallowed area of the Temple courtyard and the

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On the occasion of an upsurge in Palestinian knifing attacks on Israelis, associated with fears that Israel was changing the status quo on the Mount, the Haredi newspaper Mishpacha ran a notification in Arabic asking, 'their cousins', Palestinians, to stop trying to murder members of their

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The Old City is dominated by the raised platform of the Temple Mount—known in Hebrew as Har Ha-Bayit, the site of the First and Second Temples, and known to Islam as Al-Ḥaram al-Sharīf ("The Noble Sanctuary"), a Muslim holy place containing the Dome of the Rock, Al-Aqsa Mosque, and other

7509:: "Verily, 'Al-Aqsa' is a name for the whole mosque which is surrounded by the wall, the length and width of which are mentioned here, for the building that exists in the southern part of the Mosque, and the other ones such as the Dome of the Rock and the corridors and other are novel." 2437:. They preferred to use the esplanade as the heart for the Muslim quarter, since it had been abandoned by Christians, to avoid disturbing the Christian quarters of Jerusalem. Umayyad Caliphs commissioned the construction of al-Aqsa Mosque on the site, including the shrine known as the " 7392:

Great confusion is introduced into the Arab descriptions of the Noble Sanctuary by the indiscriminate use of the terms Al Masjid or Al Masjid al Akså, Jami' or Jami al Aksâ; and nothing but an intimate acquaintance with the locality described will prevent a translator, ever and again,

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or Temple Mount. This, then, is not a case of terms taken from the vocabulary of daily life but rather variations characteristic of the common literary diction used by the prophets. Furthermore, nearly one thousand years will pass from the alleged time of Micah until the specific term

5068:: Palestinian protesters gathered at the site after rumours that an extreme Israeli group would harm the site, which the Israeli government denied. Israeli police assembled at the Temple Mount complex to disperse Palestinian protesters who were throwing stones at them. The police used 2665:

which led to the sanctification of Jerusalem in Islam. According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, the Night Journey was associated with Jerusalem by the Umayyads as a political means to advance the glory of Jerusalem to compete with the glory of the sanctuary in Mecca then controlled by

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The existing four minarets include three along the western perimeter of the esplanade and one along the northern wall. The earliest dated minaret was constructed on the northwest corner of the Temple Mount in 1298, with three other minarets added over the course of the 14th century.

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in Arabic). Its exact origin and purpose is uncertain but historical sources indicate it was built under the reign of Abd al-Malik, the same Umayyad caliph who built the Dome of the Rock. Two other small domes stand to the northwest of the Dome of the Rock. The Dome of the Ascension

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rabbis who encourage visits to certain parts of the Mount, which they believe are permitted according to most medieval rabbinical authorities. These rabbis include: Shlomo Goren (former Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel); Chaim David Halevi (former Chief Rabbi of Tel Aviv and Yafo);

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accused the rabbis of 'knowingly and irresponsibly bringing a burning torch closer to the most flammable hill in the Middle East,' and noted that rabbinical consensus in both the Haredi and the Religious Zionist worlds forbids Jews from entering the Temple Mount. On May 16, Rabbi

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right... Indeed, in a case where there is near certainty that injury may be caused to the public interest if a person's rights of religious worship and freedom of expression would be realized, it is possible to limit the rights of the person in order to uphold the public interest.

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Hadrian had intended the construction of the new city as a gift to the Jews, but since he had constructed a giant statue of himself in front of the Temple of Jupiter and the Temple of Jupiter had a huge statue of Jupiter inside it, there were on the Temple Mount now two enormous

2466:, reportedly disgusted by the filth covering the site, had it thoroughly cleaned, and granted Jews access to the site. According to early Quranic interpreters and what is generally accepted as Islamic tradition, in 638 CE Umar, upon entering a conquered Jerusalem, consulted with 6191:

Annika Björkdahl and Susanne Buckley-Zistel: "The site is known in Arabic as Haram al-Sharif – the Noble Sanctuary – and colloquially as the Haram or the al-Aqsa compound; while in Hebrew, it is called Har HaBeit – the Temple Mount."

3756:, claim that the Intifada had been planned months in advance, as early as July upon Arafat's return from Camp David talks in the United States. On 29 September, the Israeli government deployed 2,000 riot police to the mosque. When a group of Palestinians left the mosque after 4224:. One of them, Shlomo Goren, held that it is possible that Jews are even allowed to enter the heart of the Dome of the Rock in time of war, according to Jewish Law of Conquest. These authorities demand an attitude of veneration on the part of Jews ascending the Temple Mount, 13917:

Archaeology Professor Joseph Patrich uncovered a large water cistern that points, in his opinion, to the exact location of the altar and sanctuary on the Temple Mount. According to his findings, the rock on which the Dome of the Rock is built is outside the confines of the

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would not be built instead of the mosques but in a separate area in accordance with rulings of 'prominent rabbis.' He said he believed that this will be correcting a historical injustice and that it is an opportunity for the Muslim world to prove that it is tolerant to all

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argue that Palestinians are deliberately removing significant amounts of archaeological evidence about the Jewish past of the site and claim to have found significant artifacts in the fill removed by bulldozers and trucks from the Temple Mount. Since the late 1990s, the

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of the Women's Courtyard in the east, since the biblical prohibition only applies to the 187 x 135 cubits of the Temple in the west. There are also Christian and Islamic sources which indicate that Jews visited the site, but these visits may have been made under duress.

3739:, along with 1,000 armed guards, visited the al-Aqsa compound. The visit was seen as a provocative gesture by many Palestinians, who gathered around the site. After Sharon and the Likud Party members left, a demonstration erupted and Palestinians on the grounds of the 13869: 4474:

Cistern 16/17 (located at the centre of the far northern end of the Temple Mount). Despite the currently narrow entrances, this cistern (17 and 16 are the same cistern) is a large, vaulted chamber, which Warren described as looking like the inside of the cathedral at

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The clashes on Sunday followed a more intense incident on Friday, when Israeli riot police officers, firing rubber-tipped bullets and stun grenades, stormed the main mosque in the compound to detain hundreds of Palestinians, many of whom had been throwing stones at

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appears but once throughout the multitude of available sources (in 1 Maccabees, which will be discussed below). Even there, it operates only as a literary construction, inspired by the biblical verse in Micah. This is a decisive finding, which proves that the term

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Jewish place of prayer. 'Religious sovereignty' was to remain with the Muslims while 'overall sovereignty' became Israeli. The Muslims objected to Dayan's offer, as they completely rejected the Israeli conquest of Jerusalem and the Temple Mount. Some Jews, led by

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Not only do the Israeli occupation authorities prevent freedom of movement and freedom of worship, they interfere in defining Al-Aqsa Mosque by restricting the meaning of Al-Aqsa Mosque to the southernmost building, Qibli Mosque, rather than all 144 dunums or 36

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Early Islam regarded the Foundation Stone as the location of Solomon's Temple, and the first architectural initiatives on the Temple Mount sought to glorify Jerusalem by presenting Islam as a continuation of Judaism and Christianity. Almost immediately after the

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cornerstone on the site for a New Temple as a prelude to the destruction of the Muslim mosques. The attempt was blocked by Israeli authorities but demonstrators were widely reported as having stoned Jews at the Western Wall. According to Palestinian historian

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around the rock, for a myriad of political, dynastic and religious reasons, built on local and Quranic traditions articulating the site's holiness, a process in which textual and architectural narratives reinforced one another. The shrine became known as the

4552:; the function of these western gates is obscure, but many Jews view Warren's Gate as particularly holy, due to its location due west of the Dome of the Rock. The current location of the Dome of the Rock is considered one of the possible locations where the 3300:

which lasted for five years. Jewish rabbis ordered the restart of animal sacrifice for the first time since the time of Second Temple and started to reconstruct the Jewish Temple. Shortly before the Byzantines took the area back five years later in 615, the

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From the first through the seventh centuries Christianity spread throughout the Roman Empire, gradually became the predominant religion of Palestine and under the Byzantines Jerusalem itself was almost completely Christian, with most of the population being

2303:), pilgrimage to the Temple Mount is not viewed as important in the beliefs and worship of most Christians. The New Testament recounts a story of a Samaritan woman asking Jesus about the appropriate place to worship, Jerusalem (as it was for the Jews) or 4689:

East of and joined to the triple gate passageway is a large vaulted area, supporting the southeastern corner of the Temple Mount platform – which is substantially above the bedrock at this point – the vaulted chambers here are popularly referred to as

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removed all traces of Christian worship from the Temple Mount, returning the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque to their Muslim purposes. It remained in Muslim hands thereafter, even during the relatively short periods of Crusader rule following the

7316:, p. 119: "The Jamia el Aksa, or 'distant mosque' (that is, distant from Mecca), is on the south, reaching to the outer wall. The whole enclosure of the Haram is called by Moslem writers Masjid el Aksa, 'praying-place of the Aksa,' from this mosque." 6174:, p. 119: "The Jamia el Aksa, or 'distant mosque' (that is, distant from Mecca), is on the south, reaching to the outer wall. The whole enclosure of the Haram is called by Moslem writers Masjid el Aksa, 'praying-place of the Aksa,' from this mosque." 5357:, p. 119: "The Jamia el Aksa, or 'distant mosque' (that is, distant from Mecca), is on the south, reaching to the outer wall. The whole enclosure of the Haram is called by Moslem writers Masjid el Aksa, 'praying-place of the Aksa,' from this mosque." 3518:

Following the Ottoman conquest of Palestine in 1516, the Ottoman authorities continued the policy of prohibiting non-Muslims from setting foot on the Temple Mount until the early 19th century, when non-Muslims were again permitted to visit the site.

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That he heard Allah's Messenger saying, "When the people of Quraish did not believe me (i.e. the story of my Night Journey), I stood up in Al-Hijr and Allah displayed Jerusalem in front of me, and I began describing it to them while I was looking at

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The most important findings of the superposition of the Second Temple on the Temple area are that the Dome of the Rock was not built on the site of the Temple, and that the Temple was taper-shaped on the western side, a form hitherto unknown to the

2232:, that early Christian pilgrims also visited the site. Byzantine Christians, despite some signs of constructive work on the esplanade, generally neglected the Temple Mount, especially when a Jewish attempt to rebuild the Temple was destroyed by the 4823:

has been reclaiming earth from similar illegal excavations on the mount that had been dumped in the nearby Kidron Valley that had yielded important finds, including Iron Age figurines, an 8th or 7th centuries BCE clay sealing inscribed in Hebrew,

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himself ascended the Mount are reliable. One such report claims that he did so on Thursday, October 21, 1165, during the Crusader period. Some early scholars however, claim that entry onto certain areas of the Mount is permitted. It appears that

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comes. The Temple Mount is the place Jews turn towards during prayer. Jewish attitudes towards entering the site vary. Due to its extreme sanctity, many Jews will not walk on the Mount itself, to avoid unintentionally entering the area where the

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As shown before, Israel tried first to play with the definition of al-Aqsa as being only the Qibli Mosque building. This would give Israel an excuse to request a share in administrating the whole compound, claiming that not all of it is al-Aqsa

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western wall and adjacent roofs. It has since been established that most Jewish worshippers were gone before stones thrown at the soldiers went over the arcade and into the plaza. See Michael Emery,"New videotapes Reveal Israeli Cover-up,"

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visited the Temple Mount in accordance with rabbinical views of Jewish Law on the ninth of the Hebrew Month of Av. The Knesset member condemned the conditions imposed by Muslims upon religious Jews at the site and vowed to work to improve

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The Temple Mount is the place Jews turn towards during prayer. Jewish attitudes towards entering the site vary. Due to its extreme sanctity, many Jews will not walk on the Mount itself, to avoid unintentionally entering the area where the

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A group of right-wing Religious Zionist rabbis entered the Temple Mount. This elicited widespread criticism from other religious Jews and from secular Israelis, accusing the rabbis of provoking the Arabs. An editorial in the newspaper

1910:, which was probably written between 300 and 500 CE, states that this site is one of three about which the nations of the world cannot taunt Israel and say, "you have stolen them," since it was purchased "for its full price" by David. 5374:

4340:'s capture of the city and reused some Crusader-era materials, including its columns. Per its name, this dome commemorates the spot where, according to some, Muhammad ascended to heaven. The Dome of the Spirits or Dome of the Winds ( 2693:

or history of cities. The Fadhail of Jerusalem inspired Muslims, especially during the Umayyad period, to embellish the sanctity of the city beyond its status in the holy texts. Based on the writings of the eighth century historians

2892:. More such stones are supposed to survive underground. Ritmeyer has also suggested that one of the steps leading to the Dome of the Rock is actually the top of a remaining stone course of the western wall of the Iron Age compound. 2620:, for example, are believed to have rejected the identification with Jerusalem. Eventually, a consensus emerged around the identification of the "furthest place of prayer" with Jerusalem, and by implication the Temple Mount. Later 6785:(Micah 3:12). It is quite doubtful, however, that the book of Micah preserved a concrete name that was actually used in the day-to-day lexicon of the prophet's generation. A close-reading of this passage shows that the phrase 4862:

earthquake. The damage threatened to topple sections of the wall into the area known as Solomon's Stables. A few days later, a portion of retaining wall, supporting the earthen ramp that led from the Western Wall plaza to the

9919:"The Rock was in the time of Solomon the son of David 12 cubits high and there was a dome over it...It is written in the Tawrat : 'Be happy Jerusalem,' which is Bayt al-Maqdis and the Rock which is called Haykal." al-Wasati, 4764:

and others. Since the Waqf is granted almost full autonomy on the Islamic holy sites, Israeli archaeologists have been prevented from inspecting the area, and are restricted to conducting excavations around the Temple Mount.

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Between 1922 and 1924, the Dome of the Rock was restored by the Islamic Higher Council. The Zionist movement at the time was strongly opposed to any notion that the Temple itself might be rebuilt. Indeed, its armed wing, the

10308:(4), 441. "Tradition varies as to the location of the Ascension; Syrian local tradition was able to prevail, by maintaining that the Ascension started in Jerusalem rather than in Mecca, directly following the Night Journey". 4756:

accusations of destroying archeological evidence on a number of occasions. Aside from visual observation of surface features, most other archaeological knowledge of the site comes from the 19th-century survey carried out by

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was conventionally depicted as taking place at the Temple, even though European artists until recently had no way of knowing what the Temple looked like and the Gospels do not state that the event took place at the Temple.

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Brill (1993), pp. 57–65. "The Abbasid historian al Ya'qubi (d. 874) accused Abd al-Malik of attempting to divert the pilgrimage from Mecca to Jerusalem, thus characterizing the Umayyad Dome of the Rock as a rival to the

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To the Jews the Temple Mount is the holiest place on Earth, the place where God manifested himself to King David and where two Jewish temples – Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple – were

1120:, while maintaining Israeli security control. The Israeli government enforces a ban on prayer by non-Muslims as part of an arrangement usually referred to as the "status quo". The site remains a major focal point of the 994:, in 587 BCE. No archaeological evidence has been found to verify the existence of the First Temple, and scientific excavations have been limited due to religious sensitivities. The Second Temple, constructed under 5056:

began digging a ditch from the northern side of the Temple Mount compound to the Dome of the Rock as a prelude to infrastructure work in the area. Although the dig was approved by the police, it generated protests from

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in order to replace 40-year-old electric cables in the area. Israeli archaeologists accused the waqf of a deliberate act of cultural vandalism. Accusations of vandalism at the site resurfaced in 2018 and again in 2022.

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Bab an-Nabi (Gate of the Prophet) or Barclay's Gate; western wall, visible from al-Buraq Mosque inside the Haram, and from the Western Wall plaza (women's section) and the adjacent building (the so-called house of Abu

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Jordan undertook two renovations of the Dome of the Rock, replacing the leaking, wooden inner dome with an aluminum dome in 1952, and, when the new dome leaked, carrying out a second restoration between 1959 and 1964.

1532:(a Salafist jihadist organization that was active during the Syrian Civil War), the Jordanian military periodical published since the early 1970s, and the associations of both the southern and northern branches of the 3914:

Many Palestinians believe the status quo is threatened since right-wing Israelis have been challenging it with more force and frequency, asserting a religious right to pray there. Until Israel banned them, members of

3079:(66–70 CE), the Temple Mount became a center of fighting for various Jewish factions struggling for control of the city, with different factions holding the area during the conflict. In April 70, the Roman army under 7756: 6522: 6221: 5404: 1890:

Solomon placed the Ark in the Holy of Holies – the windowless innermost sanctuary and most sacred area of the temple in which God's presence rested; entry into the Holy of Holies was heavily restricted, and only the

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overpass. The Temple itself and its courts were located on an elevated platform in the middle of the larger compound. In addition to the restoration of the Temple, its courtyards and porticoes, Herod also built the

3728:. In December 1997, Israeli security services preempted an attempt by Jewish extremists to throw a pig's head wrapped in the pages of the Quran into the area, in order to spark a riot and embarrass the government. 3482:. The Crusaders therefore referred to al-Aqsa Mosque as Solomon's Temple, and it was from this location that the new Order took the name of "Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Solomon", or "Templar" knights. 2494:, that was later destroyed. After the construction, Muslims believe, the temple was used for the worship of the one God by many prophets of Islam, including Jesus. Other Muslim scholars have used the Torah (called 4932:

engineers and Palestinian laborers in charge of strengthening that section of the wall. The discovery caused outrage among Israeli archaeologists and many Jews were angered by the inscription at Judaism's holiest

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Then Solomon began to build the house of the LORD at Jerusalem in Mount Moriah, where appeared unto David his father; for which provision had been made in the Place of David, in the threshing floor of Ornan the

1852:. David bought the property from Araunah, for fifty pieces of silver, and erected the altar. God answered his prayers and stopped the plague. David subsequently chose the site for a future temple to replace the 14248: 12232:

were throwing stones at Jewish worshippers at the Wailing Wall plaza below, an allegation that careful journalistic investigation later revealed was false. It is impossible to be able to see the plaza from the

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Medina. Al-Aqsa is the name given to the whole compound and is home to two Muslim holy places: the Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa Mosque, also known as the Qibli Mosque, which was built in the 8th century AD.

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at the level of the platform, actually sitting on a monumental bridge; the bridge is no longer externally visible due to the change in ground level, but it can be seen from beneath via the Western Wall Tunnel.

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compound's Western Wall, which dates to the 2nd century BCE, is the only remnant of the retaining wall that surrounded the Temple. It has served as a site of pilgrimage for Jews since the Temple's destruction.

4795:, criticised "the construction of a metallic pergola in the middle of the courtyard of one of the Umayyad palaces, which disfigures the site." Upon visiting Jerusalem in September 1999, medieval art historian 4431:

Cistern 1 (located under the northern side of the upper platform). There is a speculation that it had a function connected with the altar of the Second Temple (and possibly of the earlier Temple), or with the

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Translation: "Let no foreigner enter within the parapet and the partition which surrounds the Temple precincts. Anyone caught will be held accountable for his ensuing death." Today, the stone is preserved in

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and other projectiles at Israeli riot police. Police fired tear gas and rubber bullets at the crowd, injuring 24 people. The visit sparked a five-year uprising by the Palestinians, commonly referred to as the

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The following detailed account of the Haram es-Sherif, with some interesting notices of the City, is extracted from an Arabic work entitled " The Sublime Companion to the History of Jerusalem and Hebron, by

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noted that the palaces had lost their archaeological features due to neglect, "for in the guise of highlighting the remains of previous periods trivialise the Umayyad palaces, major monuments in the area".

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The conflict about sovereignty over Jerusalem encompasses conflict over control of the Holy Esplanade, called al-Haram ash-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary) by Muslims and Har HaBayit (the Temple Mount) by Jews.

5515:

6957:, p. 64: "Surprisingly, it was only in the aftermath of the Second Temple's destruction, when Jerusalem lost its own role as a political and religious center, that the Temple Mount gained prominence." 5953:

Baker, Eric W.. The Eschatological Role of the Jerusalem Temple: An Examination of the Jewish Writings Dating from 586 BCE to 70 CE. Germany: Anchor Academic Publishing, 2015, pp.

9833: 3804:

In the first ten years of British rule in Palestine, all were allowed entry to the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif complex. Sometimes violence broke out at the entrance between Jews and Muslims. During the

4461:, a large rock hewn cavern, the roof supported by pillars carved from the rock; the chamber is particularly cave-like and atmospheric, and its maximum water capacity is several hundred thousand gallons. 1580:. Other Islamic figures disputed the haram status of the site. Usage of the name Haram al-Sharif by local Palestinians has waned in recent decades, in favor of the traditional name of Al-Aqsa Mosque. 3961:

passed the Preservation of the Holy Places Law, ensuring protection of the Holy Places against desecration, as well as freedom of access thereto. The site remains within the area controlled by the

3860:

Police continued to forbid Jews to pray on the Temple Mount. Subsequently, several prime ministers also made attempts to change the status quo but failed. In October 1986, an agreement between the

4156:

Rabbinical consensus in the post-1967 period, held that it is forbidden for Jews to enter any part of the Temple Mount, and in January 2005, a declaration was signed confirming the 1967 decision.

2106:

to the location of the binding of Isaac. Since at least the first century CE, the two sites have been identified with one another in Judaism, this identification being subsequently perpetuated by

3764:) they hurled stones at the police. The police then stormed the mosque compound, firing both live ammunition and rubber bullets at the group of Palestinians, killing four and wounding about 200. 14464: 10531: 10135: 4471:

Cistern 11 (located east of cistern 9)—a set of vaulted rooms forming a plan shaped like the letter E. Probably the largest cistern, it has the potential to house over 700,000 gallons of water.

2829:. Alternatively, Na'aman suggested that Solomon built the Temple on a much smaller scale than the one described in the Bible, which was enlarged or rebuilt during the 8th century BCE. In 2014, 2608:, the phrase was originally understood as a reference to a site in the heavens. A group of Islamic scholars understood the story of Muhammad's ascension from al-Aqsa Mosque as relating to the 16483: 5116:

Following the July 14 attack, the site was shut down, and reopened on July 16 with metal detector-equipped checkpoints, spurring calls for protests by Muslim leaders associated with the site.

3817:

prohibited Jews from entering the site's gates. During the mandate period, Jewish leaders celebrated ancient religious practices at the Western Wall. The ban on visitors continued until 1948

3296:

out of the Middle East, giving the Jews control of Jerusalem for the first time in centuries. The Jews in Palestine were allowed to set up a vassal state under the Sassanid Empire called the

15220: 2216:, and Christian loyalty to the site as a focal point remained long after his death. After the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE, which came to be regarded by early Christians, as it was by 4928:", in approximately a one-foot-tall (0.30 m) Arabic script, was found newly carved into the ancient stones, an act viewed by Jews as vandalism. The carving was attributed to a team of 4232:

prior to the ascent, and the wearing of non-leather shoes. Some rabbinic authorities are now of the opinion that it is imperative for Jews to ascend in order to halt the ongoing process of

1235:

and tour guides who used the term at the site. According to Jan Turek and John Carman, in modern usage, the term Temple Mount can potentially imply support for Israeli control of the site.

15196:"Tor Wennesland Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process, Briefing to the Security Council on the Situation in the Middle East, 25 April 2022 – occupied Palestinian territory" 8499: 5282:, p. 13: "Nowadays, while oral usage of the term Haram persists, Palestinians tend to use in formal texts the name Masjid al-Aqsa, habitually rendered into English as 'the Aqsa Mosque'." 2895: 1231:(PLO) issued a press release urging journalists not to use the term "Temple Mount" when referring to the site. In 2017, it was reported that Waqf officials harassed archeologists such as 13048:

July/August 2006. pp. 36–47, 68. "Immediately after its construction, five Jewish families from Jerusalem were employed to clean the Dome of the Rock and to prepare wicks for its lamps."

6097:, p. 13: "Nowadays, while oral usage of the term Haram persists, Palestinians tend to use in formal texts the name Masjid al-Aqsa, habitually rendered into English as 'the Aqsa Mosque'". 3666:

conspired to blow up both the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa. On 26 January 1984 Waqf guards detected members of B'nei Yehuda, a messianic cult of former gangsters turned mystics based in

12177: 8551: 7764: 7746:

of its monuments with a roofed building topped by a dome covered by a layer of lead, located in the south side of Al-Aqsa Mosque towards Al-Qiblah in which the name Al-Qibli came from.”

6491: 6228: 5411: 3973:

from above towards the Western Wall Plaza, Israel has prevented Muslim men under 45 from praying in the compound, citing these concerns. Sometimes such restrictions have coincided with

1168:(26:18), literally as "Mount of the House", a literary variation of the longer phrase "Mountain of the House of the Lord". The abbreviation was not used again in the later books of the 1655:

together with the northern section of the western wall, is hidden behind residential buildings. The southern section of the western flank is revealed and contains what is known as the

17927: 1646:

by enclosing the area with four massive retaining walls and filling the voids. This artificial expansion resulted in a large flat expanse which today forms the eastern section of the

6052:

Al 'Aqsa is the second oldest mosque in Islam after the Kaaba in Mecca and is third in holiness after the mosques in Mecca and Medina. It holds up to 400,000 worshippers at one time.

12830: 7701:

is surrounded by the great wall along with the buildings and monuments that have been built on it, on top of which is Al-Masjid Al-Qibli (covered Masjid) and the Dome of the Rock.”

7689:…the historic Gates and windows of the Qibli Mosque inside Al-Aqsa Mosque/ Al-Haram Al-Sharif, which is a Muslim holy site of worship and an integral part of a World Heritage Site. 6797:

with its constituent parts (both pieces come out to two words in Hebrew) in the previous and subsequent verses (3:12; 4:2). In verse 4:1 the name Lord is deleted, leaving the term

5345:…the historic Gates and windows of the Qibli Mosque inside Al-Aqsa Mosque/ Al-Haram Al-Sharif, which is a Muslim holy site of worship and an integral part of a World Heritage Site. 3957:

assured that "no harm whatsoever shall come to the places sacred to all religions". Together with the extension of Israeli jurisdiction and administration over east Jerusalem, the

3639:, led the soldiers in religious celebrations on the Temple Mount and at the Western Wall. The Israeli Chief Rabbinate also declared a religious holiday on the anniversary, called " 2725:

The historical significance of al-Aqsa Mosque in Islam is further emphasized by the fact that Muslims turned towards al-Aqsa when they prayed for a period of 16 or 17 months after

6161:…the historic Gates and windows of the Qibli Mosque inside Al-Aqsa Mosque/ Al-Haram Al-Sharif, which is a Muslim holy site of worship and an integral part of a World Heritage Site 2182:. A number of vocal Jewish groups now advocate building the Third Temple without delay in order to bring to pass God's "end-time prophetic plans for Israel and the entire world." 1307: 3655:, and a portable ark to pray, an innovation which alarmed the Waqf authorities and led to a deterioration of relations between the Muslim authorities and the Israeli government. 7428:"Account of Jerusalem during the Frank Occupation, extracted from the Universal Geography of Edrisi. Climate III. sect. 5. Translated by P. Amédée Jaubert. Tome 1. pp. 341–345." 7034:

possess any independent identity and was considered an integral part of the Temple itself. From a semantic standpoint, the various names given to the compound –

5754:

enclosure; the Dome of the Rock is centrally located within the esplanade, and, at 2,440 feet above sea level, the Dome of the Rock is one of the highests point within the area.

5072:

on the protesters, of which 15 were later arrested, including the Palestinian President's adviser on Jerusalem affairs. Eighteen Palestinians and 3 police officers were injured.

12150: 3826:

concrete barriers were the reality. Cultural and religious sites in both sides of the city were destroyed and neglected and the Jewish community barred from its sacred places.

12264: 7474:"Chapitre vingtième. Description de la mosquée Mesdjid-ol-aksa, telle qu'elle est de nos jours, (du temps de l'auteur, au dixième siècle de l'Hégire, au seizième après J. C.)" 1481:(equivalent to Jami'a), and use of the term "mosque" for the whole compound follows the usage of the same term for other early Islamic sites with large courtyards such as the 15086: 10501: 4680:

Bab as-Sarai (Gate of the Seraglio); a small gate to the former residence of the Pasha of Jerusalem; western wall, northern part (between the Bani Ghanim and Council gates).

15116: 9133:

HaMachpela, the Temple and Joseph's burial place. Ma'arat HaMachpela because it is written: 'And Abraham hearkened unto Ephron; and Abraham weighed to Ephron the silver,' (

1437:

being moved from Jerusalem to Mecca. The two different Arabic terms translated as "mosque" in English parallels the two different Greek terms translated as "temple" in the

17932: 15697: 5541:

The author intends … to deal with a single space – the space which, if we wish to use a strictly neutral term, may be called 'Jerusalem's sacred esplanade'.

12851: 8650: 668: 12797: 10449: 9860:"While there is no scientific evidence that Solomon's Temple existed, all believers in any of the Abrahamic faiths perforce must accept that it did." (Khalidi, Rashid. 1742:

stood at the Temple Mount. Jewish tradition further places the Temple Mount as the location for a number of important events which occurred in the Bible, including the

17917: 16926: 4969:(138 ft), it would be 3.5 metres (11 ft) taller than the next-largest minaret. The minaret would be constructed on the eastern wall of the Temple Mount near 12364: 14877: 4575:

Altogether, there are six major sealed gates and a postern, listed here counterclockwise, dating from either the Roman/Herodian, Byzantine, or Early Muslim periods:

2518:, a 15th-century Jerusalemite chronicler, mentions an earlier tradition related by al-Wasti, according which "after David built many cities and the situation of the 12720: 7056:

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, The Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs, The Administration Department of Awgaf and Al-Aqsa Mosque Affairs, Jerusalem: Al-Aqsa Mosque

6810:

is not used in even one of the numerous existing sources, except in works quoting and using the entire phrase from Micah. This is conclusive evidence that the name

1227:(part of the Jordanian government), have stated that the name "The Temple Mount" is a "strange and alien name" and a "newly-created Judaization term". In 2014, the 3305:

gave control to the Christian population, who tore down the partially built Jewish Temple edifice and turned it into a garbage dump, which is what it was when the

9168:(1st ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Jewish Publication Society, published in cooperation with the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. pp. 15–20. 8063: 4359:

In the southwest corner of the upper platform is a quadrangular structure which includes a portion topped by another dome. It is known as the Dome of Literature (

12783: 8937: 6006: 4982: 4168:. The boundaries of the areas which are completely forbidden, while having large portions in common, are delineated differently by various rabbinic authorities. 12237:, given the high arcade that surrounds that latter, and the Palestinians were in fact throwing stones at Israeli security forces shooting at them from atop the 6814:

was not used in earlier periods, even though the image of a mountain as a place for a temple was both known and probably, at least to some degree, widespread."

14249:

Maze of tunnels reveals remains of ancient Jerusalem: Controversial excavations under the Holy City uncover layers of history and stoke long-standing tensions

15229:

On both days, however, Israeli police stormed Al Aqsa in order to stop stone‑throwing and make arrests, crossing what many Palestinians regard as a red line.

15195: 7753: 6519: 6218: 5401: 3262:

uncovered portions of a multicolor mosaic floor with geometric patterns inside al-Aqsa mosque, but did not publish them. The date of the mosaic is disputed:

15321: 10163: 9830: 9510: 8281: 1081:

and other prophets who are also venerated in Islam. The site, and the term "al-Aqsa", in relation to the whole plaza, is also a central identity symbol for

16855: 297: 87: 12632: 10729:

David Ussishkin (2003). The Temple Mount in Jerusalem during the First Temple Period: An Archaeologist's View. In: A.G. Vaughn and A.E. Killebrew (eds.),

9384:

Andrew Marsham, 'The Architecture of Allegiance in Early Islamic Late Antiquity,' in Alexander Beihammer, Stavroula Constantinou, Maria G. Parani (eds.),

7055: 5479:

The author intends … to deal with a single space—the space which, if we wish to use a strictly neutral term, may be called 'Jerusalem's sacred esplanade'.

4803:

Over the period 1970–1988, a number of tunnels were excavated in the vicinity, including one that passed to the west of the Mount and became known as the

4702:

The complex is bordered on the south and east by the outer walls of the Old City of Jerusalem. On the north and west it is bordered by two long porticos (

17937: 12951: 8711: 7826:

the inner section of the temple known as the "holy place" and the "holy of holies," whereas hieron would designate the outer court and the temple proper.

6783:

Therefore shall Zion for your sake be plowed as a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of the forest

3662:. On April 11, 1982, a Jew hid in the Dome of the Rock and sprayed gunfire, killing 2 Palestinians and wounding 44; in 1974, 1977 and 1983 groups led by 1500: 938: 287: 1148:

stated: "Different peoples worship the same places, sometimes under different names. The recognition, use of and respect for these names is paramount."

1140:, while some Jewish commentators and scholars attempt to belittle the importance of the site in Islam. During a 2016 dispute over the name of the site, 15980: 15735: 7844:

Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Translated from the Works of the Medieval Arab Geographers

7527:

Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Translated from the Works of the Medieval Arab Geographers

7387:

Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Translated from the Works of the Medieval Arab Geographers

6104:

The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History [4 volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History

5289:

The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History [4 volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History

4951:(a right-wing opposition party) ascended to the mount, and said that he is preparing a plan where a synagogue will be built on the mount. His proposed 14471: 10523: 4119: 3051:. The Royal Stoa served as a center for the city's commercial and legal transactions, and was provided with separate access to the city below via the 2585:

to the Farthest Mosque whose surroundings We have blessed, so that We may show him some of Our signs. Indeed, He alone is the All-Hearing, All-Seeing.

17657: 17049: 12986: 12770: 9141:, 21:26); and Joseph's burial place because it is written: 'And he bought the parcel of ground...Jacob bought Shechem.' (Genesis, 33:19)." See also: 2316:

spirit and in truth, for the Father is seeking such people to worship him. God is spirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit and truth.

4807:, which was opened to the public in 1996. The same year the Waqf began construction of a new mosque in the structures known since Crusader times as 4787:

and Crusader times. Israeli archaeological digs at the southwestern corner of Temple Mount discovered traces of four Muslim palaces built under the

2816:

According to archeologists, the Temple Mount served as the center of the religious life of biblical Jerusalem as well as the royal acropolis of the

2150:, was the spot from where the world was created and expanded into its current form, and where God gathered the dust used to create the first human, 1659:. The retaining walls on these two sides descend many meters below ground level. A northern portion of the western wall may be seen from within the 17622: 15165: 10475: 3068:", took pilgrims from the city's southern gate via the Tyropoeon Valley to the western side of the Temple Mount. It has been proposed in 2019 that 12190: 2433:, and other prophets who are also venerated in Islam. Muslims view the site as being one of the earliest and most noteworthy places of worship of 16525: 16430: 14439: 13625: 11942: 10479: 8491: 5194: 3725: 3015: 2776: 1391:

explained that the term Masjid al-Aqsa refers to the entire esplanade plaza which is the subject of this article – the entire area including the

1117: 13292: 10698: 214: 16596: 13436: 9932:

Di Cesare, M. (2017). A Lost Inscription from the Dome of the Rock?: the Western Attitude Towards Islamic Epigraphy in 17th-Century Jerusalem.

5605: 4540:(which has two arches and is partly obscured by a Crusader building); these were the entrance and exit (respectively) to the Temple Mount from 14390: 12694: 8543: 8266:"Provocations on Jerusalem's Holy Esplanade Must Stop Now, Secretary-General Says, Stressing Need to Respect, Uphold Status Quo at Holy Sites" 17231: 9886: 8440: 6069: 2248: 1302: 12933: 11325:

Aryeh Shimron and Orit Peleg-Barkat. 2010. “New evidence of the Royal Stoa and Roman flames.” Biblical Archaeology Review, 36, 2, pp. 57–62.

11194:. Hannah M. Cotton, Werner Eck, Marfa Heimbach, Benjamin Isaac, Alla Kushnir-Stein, Haggai Misgav. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter. p. 41. 8273: 3439: 17942: 14736: 14414: 13681: 13652: 12170: 9854: 4302:

dug a new entrance to the cave from the south. The platform is accessible via eight staircases, each of which is topped by a free-standing

974:

The Temple Mount is the holiest site in Judaism, and where two Jewish temples once stood. According to Jewish tradition and scripture, the

7094: 16721: 12827: 7740:

Jews honor the site where Abraham sacrificed Isaac. Al-Qibli mosque is noted by Muslims as the initial direction for prayer before Mecca.

4377:. Sometime after 1345, a Mamluk judge named Burhan al-Din (d. 1388) restored it and added a stone staircase, giving it its present form. 2247:

era, Jerusalem was primarily Christian and pilgrims came by the tens of thousands to experience the places where Jesus walked. After the

756: 15525:"The Chronicler's portrayal of Solomon as the King of Peace within the context of the international peace discourses of the Persian era" 11374: 10229: 8419:"Justification for inscription on the List of World Heritage in Danger, 1982: Report of the 6th Session of the World Heritage Committee" 6341: 2326:

This has been construed to mean that Jesus dispensed with physical location for worship, which was a matter rather of spirit and truth.

1630:

The Temple Mount forms the northern portion of a narrow spur of hill that slopes sharply downward from north to south. Rising above the

10339: 10050:

Martin, Richard C.; Arjom, Said Amir; Hermansen, Marcia; Tayob, Abdulkader; Davis, Rochelle; Voll, John Obert, eds. (2 December 2003).

8618: 5048: 2600:

The Qur'an does not mention the exact location of "the furthest place of prayer", and the city of Jerusalem is not mentioned by any of

12745: 8584: 4694:. They were used as stables by the Crusaders, but were built by Herod the Great – along with the platform they were built to support. 929:, near the center of the hill, which was completed in 692 CE, making it one of the oldest extant Islamic structures in the world. The 17761: 12228:

Columbia University Press, 2010 pp. 215–216 n. 22: 'The pretext later invoked for the shootings was that the Palestinians inside the

12147: 10667: 6181: 5364: 5153: 3867:

Until 2000, non-Muslim visitors could enter the Dome of the Rock, al-Aqsa Mosque and the Islamic Museum by getting a ticket from the

3283: 2868:

All scholars agree that the Iron Age Temple Mount was smaller than the Herodian compound still visible today. Some scholars, such as

1801: 257: 12310:

Catalogue of provocations: Israel's encroachments upon the Al-Aqsa Mosque have not been sporadic, but, rather, a systematic endeavor

12274: 11422:

An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus

8346: 7330: 4025:

MPs were ejected for disrupting the hearing, after shouting at the chairman, calling her a "pyromaniac". Religious Affairs Minister

3219:

promoted the Christianization of Roman society, giving it precedence over pagan cults. One consequence was that Hadrian's Temple to

2709:

Later medieval scripts, as well as modern-day political tracts, tend to classify al-Aqsa Mosque as the third holiest site in Islam.

17008: 16970: 16873: 16846: 8920: 5989: 5257: 14761: 11924: 10493: 10090:

Heavenly Journeys, Earthly Concerns: The Legacy of the Mi'raj in the Formation of Islam (Religion in History, Society and Culture)

8672: 7313: 6540: 6171: 5354: 2411:

Muslims, the entire plaza, known as the al-Aqsa Mosque, also known as Haram al-Sharif or "the Noble Sanctuary", is considered the

1903:. According to the Bible, the site functioned as the center of all national life – a governmental, judicial and religious center. 15920: 13268: 12549: 12481: 12337: 9456:

Robert Shick, 'A Christian City with a Major Muslim Shrine: Jerusalem in the Umayyad Period,' in Arietta Papaconstantinou (ed.),

6259: 5442: 4721: 1900: 1611: 968: 12424: 6635: 4672:

Bab al-Magharbeh/Maghariba (Moroccans' Gate/Gate of the Moors); western wall (southern third); the only entrance for non-Muslims

3203:

Roman centaur relief (135–325 CE) reused as a floor panel in the al-Aqsa Mosque, was found during restoration work in the 1930s.

15728: 13708: 13367: 12859: 11813: 11795: 10382: 9583:

Andreas J. Köstenberger, 'The Destruction of the Second Temple and the Composition of the Fourth Gospel,' in John Lierman (ed.)

8640: 8282:"Statement By UN Special Coordinator For The Middle East Peace Process, Tor Wennesland, On The Security Situation In Jerusalem" 6584: 4149:

A major critic of the decision of the Chief Rabbinate was Rabbi Shlomo Goren, the chief rabbi of the IDF. According to General

130: 8860: 4791:, though the remains have not been well preserved but instead had a museum built upon them. The former UN envoy to Jerusalem, 4442:

speculation it had a function connected with the altar of the Second Temple (and possibly of the earlier Temple), or with the

2020:, marks the destruction of the First and Second Temples, which according to Jewish tradition, occurred on the same day on the 16917: 15599: 15583: 15564: 15516: 15504: 15474: 15456: 15432: 15407: 14847: 14196: 14169: 14135: 14083: 13745: 13718: 13691: 13664: 13635: 13518: 13153: 12577: 12532: 12507: 12132: 12092: 12027: 12000: 11901: 11746: 11719: 11640: 11547: 11473: 11430: 11400: 11293: 11199: 11049: 10979: 10952: 10930: 10796: 10603: 10573: 10435: 10223: 10101: 10063: 10034: 10007: 9974: 9696: 9677: 9650: 9610: 9560: 9544: 9520: 9493: 9438: 9411: 9342: 9297: 9270: 9173: 8793: 8758: 8356: 8207: 8112: 8040: 7990: 7812: 7782: 7197: 6669: 6507: 6335: 6299: 6244: 6205: 6112: 6039: 5932: 5892: 5676: 5641: 5567: 5502: 5427: 5388: 5297: 5178: 4332:

in Arabic) has an inscription with a date corresponding to 1201 CE. It may have been a former Crusader structure, possibly a

3585: 2236:. It became a desolate local rubbish dump, perhaps outside the city limits, as Christian worship in Jerusalem shifted to the 595: 340: 277: 13456: 8733: 4666:

Bab as-Salam / al-Sakina (Tranquility Gate / Gate of the Dwelling), the northern one of the two; western wall (central part)

3577: 3569:

militia, assassinated a Jewish man when his plan to blow up the Islamic sites on the Haram came to their attention in 1931.

2689:

Other academics attribute the holiness of Jerusalem to the rise and expansion of a certain type of literary genre, known as

17907: 17615: 16788: 16652: 16520: 16133: 15703: 12356: 10055: 4874:

ramp after a landslide in 2005 made it unsafe and in danger of collapse. The works sparked condemnation from Arab leaders.

4255:

congregation, since they were vehemently opposed to ascending the Mount and consider such visits proscribed by Jewish law.

1706:

On 6 April 2022, UNESCO unanimously adopted a resolution reiterating all 21 previous resolutions concerned with Jerusalem.

344: 13407: 12312: 3039:

built into the southern wall, together with four other gates reachable from the western side by stairs and bridges. Grand

16965: 16812: 15524: 15078: 14286: 11084: 9459:

Conversion in Late Antiquity: Christianity, Islam, and Beyond: Papers from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Sawyer Seminar

9006: 3877:

erupted. Fifteen years later, negotiation between Israel and Jordan might result in reopening of those sites once again.

3752:, though some commentators, citing subsequent speeches by Palestinian Authority officials, particularly Imad Falouji and 2842: 2764: 1872: 1715: 1109: 621: 6826:, p. 56: "Various passages of the New Testament use the images of the Temple and Jerusalem, whether to express the 4913:

leading up to the Mughrabi Gate partially collapsed. Authorities believed a recent earthquake may have been responsible.

17173: 16956: 16912: 16819: 16589: 14359: 12036: 9934:

A Lost Inscription from the Dome of the Rock?: the Western Attitude Towards Islamic Epigraphy in 17th-Century Jerusalem

8078: 7677: 2459: 14186: 14159: 14034: 14005: 13980: 13955: 13930: 13833: 13808: 12391: 8944:

all ultra-Orthodox ones, prohibit their followers from ascending the Temple Mount due to concerns over ritual purity.'

8227: 6013:

all ultra-Orthodox ones, prohibit their followers from ascending the Temple Mount due to concerns over ritual purity.'

3596:

Neither Israeli Arabs nor Israeli Jews could visit their holy places in the Jordanian territories during this period.

3091:, a monumental Hebrew inscription which was thrown down by Roman legionnaires, was found in one of these stone piles. 17088: 16671: 16143: 15897: 15721: 6288:

Prawer, P.M.H.J.; Prawer, J.; Ben-Shammai, H.; Ben-Tsevi, Yad Yitshak; Universiṭah ha-ʻIvrit bi-Yerushalayim (1996).

4709: 2702:, some scholars have suggested that al-Aqsa Mosque mentioned in the Qur'an is not in Jerusalem but in the village of 1228: 15242: 11596:

Baruch, Yuval; Reich, Ronny; Sandhaus, Débora (2018). "A Decade of Archaeological Exploration on the Temple Mount".

16495: 10430:. Rizwi Faizer, Amal Ismail, Abdulkader Tayob, Andrew Rippin. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. p. 469. 8883:

The Eschatological Role of the Jerusalem Temple: An Examination of the Jewish Writings Dating from 586 BCE to 70 CE

7233: 7187: 5899:

The sources for the first temple are solely biblical, and no substantial archaeological remains have been verified.

4746: 4233: 4146:

the Temple Mount until the Temple is built." The signatures of more than 300 prominent rabbis were later obtained.

4017:

structure, is considered by some rabbinical authorities to be the holiest accessible site for Jews to pray. A 2013

3266:

considers that they are from the pre-Islamic Byzantine period, while Baruch, Reich and Sandhaus favor a much later

3168: 1997: 1688: 1133: 1121: 918: 569: 419: 3522: 2841:

of ancient Jerusalem lies beneath the modern-day compound, rather than the nearby archeological site known as the

17902: 17608: 16783: 16712: 16530: 16422: 15042: 4736: 4106:

also entered the Mount and advised others how to do this. He permits entry from all the gates into the 135 x 135

4103: 4084: 4009:

Due to religious restrictions on entering the most sacred areas of the Temple Mount (see following section), the

3928: 3471: 3279: 3259: 2612:. Another group disagreed with this identification and preferred the meaning of the term as referring to heaven. 749: 4556:

was placed; numerous alternative opinions exist, based on study and calculations, such as those of Tuvia Sagiv.

4319:

There is also a smaller domed building on the upper platform, to the east of the Dome of the Rock, known as the

3881:

The Israeli police had never entered al-Aqsa Mosque until November 5, 2014, when dialog with the leaders of the

3478:

in January 1120. The Temple Mount had a mystique because it was above what were believed to be the ruins of the

3191:, all Jews were forbidden on pain of death from entering the city or the surrounding territory around the city. 2998:, the Romans were able to topple one of the guard towers and storm the Temple Mount. Pompey himself entered the 17364: 16778: 16212: 15902: 15024: 13192: 12810: 8783: 5666: 5025:, reiterated his opinion that it is forbidden for Jews to enter the Temple Mount. The Litvish Haredi newspaper 4363:

in Arabic) and dated to 1208. Standing further east, close to one of the southern entrance arcades, is a stone

3721: 3527: 1512:

The term "al-Aqsa" as a symbol and brand-name has become popular and prevalent in the region. For example, the

527: 414: 8703: 8010: 7352: 4369:

known as the "Summer Pulpit" or Minbar of Burhan al-Din, used for open-air prayers. It appears to be an older

1592:

or Holy Esplanade as a "strictly neutral term" for the site. A notable example of this usage is the 2009 work

16841: 16582: 16088: 14304: 12658: 7159: 3617: 2510:), which frequently appears as a name of Jerusalem in early Islamic sources, is a cognate of the Hebrew term 2441:". The Dome was completed in 692 CE, making it one of the oldest extant Islamic structures in the world. The 1695: 723: 563: 12907: 2845:, as mainstream archaeology believes; however, this proposal was rejected by other scholars of the subject. 2041:

the house of the God of Jacob; and He will teach us of His ways, and we will walk in His paths.' For out of

17872: 17080: 16661: 16435: 16184: 16153: 10703: 9387:

Court Ceremonies and Rituals of Power in Byzantium and the Medieval Mediterranean: Comparative Perspectives

9120:

Deuteronomy 12:5–26; 14:23–25; 15:20; 16:2–16; 17:8–10; 26:2; 31:11; Isaiah 2:2–5; Obadiah 1:21; Psalms 48.

6793:(three words in Hebrew), which appears in verse 4:1. The author places the complete term in the middle and 5210: 4867: 4820: 3713: 3107: 3088: 2857: 2799: 2412: 2394: 2237: 1517: 1400: 1061: 522: 517: 80: 9893:(and earlier) by the "Supreme Moslem Council", a body established by the British government to administer 9669:

Search Scripture Well: Karaite Exegetes and the Origins of the Jewish Bible Commentary in the Islamic East

9315:, 'The (In)Significance of Jerusalem in the Yerushalmi Talmud,' in Peter Schäfer, Catherine Hezser (eds.) 9227: 2170:. The rebuilding of the Temple remained a recurring theme among generations, particularly in thrice daily 17912: 16889: 16687: 16461: 16093: 15289: 14484:– via The Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology, Bar-Ilan University. 11445: 8223: 7469: 6830:

or, on occasion, as a label for the actual community. And what of the Temple Mount? The word combination

6781:

for this name is reserved to the prophet Micah, who incorporated it into his famous admonitory prophecy:

6092: 5277: 4881:

which administers the Mount began digging a 400-metre-long (1,300 ft), 1.5-metre-deep (4.9 ft)

4610:

Double Gate (Bab al-Thulathe; possibly one of the Huldah Gates); southern wall, underneath al-Aqsa Mosque

4133:

A few hours after the Temple Mount came under Israeli control during the Six-Day War, a message from the

2908: 2398: 1934: 1914: 1797: 1594: 1267:

indicate that during the time when they were written, the Temple Mount was identified as Mount Zion. The

991: 463: 386: 381: 376: 50: 12198: 10463:

al-Jiranna. As for the closest mosque, a man from the Quraysh built it and he marked that place with it.

8458: 4779:

After the Six-Day War of 1967, Israeli archeologists began a series of excavations near the site at the

3368:, he saw a rectangular wooden house of prayer built over some ruins, large enough to hold 3,000 people. 2429:", the direction Muslims turn towards when praying. As in Judaism, Muslims also associate the site with 1638:

to the west, its peak reaches a height of 740 m (2,428 ft) above sea level. In around 19 BCE,

1077:", the direction Muslims turn towards when praying. As in Judaism, Muslims also associate the site with 17369: 17154: 17136: 16940: 16758: 16753: 16745: 16491: 16098: 15448: 13558: 8809: 7409: 5103: 4042: 3970: 3744: 3644: 3543: 3084: 3076: 3065: 2995: 2941:

in around 538 BCE and was completed in 516 BCE. It was built at the original site of Solomon's Temple.

2486:

Muslim interpretations of the Quran agree that the Mount is the site of the Temple originally built by

2005: 1981: 1664: 1533: 1508:

showing the entire site as "Moriah" or "Haram esh-Sharif"; the Al-Aqsa Mosque shown as "Mesjid el-Aksa"

1116:

of 1967. Shortly after capturing the site, Israel handed its administration back to the Waqf under the

1035: 999: 742: 409: 396: 391: 317: 13110:

Cohen, Yoel (1999). "The Political Role of the Israeli Chief Rabbinate in the Temple Mount Question".

10823:

Ernst Axel Knauf, “Jerusalem in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages: A Proposal,” TA 27 (2000): 75–90.

4520:

The retaining walls of the platform contain several gateways, all now blocked. In the eastern wall is

2903:

suggested that it is the top of a remaining stone course of the western wall of the Iron Age compound.

2767:

refers to al-Aqsa Mosque as the third holiest site in Islam (and calls for Arab sovereignty over it).

1937:. The Jews who had been deported in the aftermath of the Babylonian conquest of Judah were eventually 17506: 17467: 16951: 16765: 16642: 16479: 16373: 15940: 15930: 15874: 14130:. British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem by the World of Islam Festival Trust. pp. 544–547. 13740:. British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem by the World of Islam Festival Trust. pp. 319–320. 13289: 11838: 11236: 9357: 8459:"UNESCO. Executive Board; 200th; Decisions adopted by the Executive Board at its 200th session; 2016" 8199: 5027: 4871: 4712:, dated to 1437. The Sabil of Qaytbay, contemporary with the Ashrafiyya Madrasa, also stands nearby. 4628: 4489: 4225: 4134: 3982: 2522:

was improved, he wanted to construct Bayt al-Maqdis and build a dome over the rock in the place that

2295:

Though some Christians believe that the Temple will be reconstructed before, or concurrent with, the

2280:" and set up their headquarters in al-Aqsa Mosque adjacent to the Dome for much of the 12th century. 2233: 2191: 1396: 1380: 950: 663: 631: 439: 434: 429: 424: 17867: 17241: 14709: 14501:

Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel / חדשות ארכיאולוגיות: חפירות וסקרים בישראל

13476: 9369: 7547:"Description of the Noble Sanctuary at Jerusalem in 1470 A.D., by Kamâl (or Shams) ad Dîn as Suyûtî" 4373:

from the Crusader period, as attested by its sculptural decoration, which was then reused under the

3898:

Jews and other non-Islamic visitors can only visit from Sunday to Thursday, for four hours each day.

3502:

There are several Mamluk buildings on and around the Haram esplanade, such as the late 15th-century

3356:. He found it covered with rubbish, but the sacred Rock was found with the help of a converted Jew, 1132:

The name of the site is disputed, primarily between Muslims and Jews, in the context of the ongoing

17406: 17271: 17057: 16865: 16736: 16487: 16338: 14535: 13763:"The Dome of the Rock as Palimpsest: ʻabd Al-Malik's Grand Narrative and Sultan Süleyman's Glosses" 13285: 12250:, December 2, 1990. For a detailed account based on testimonies of eyewitnesses, see Raja Shehadeh 11973:

Martin Gilbert, Jerusalem in the Twentieth Century (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996), p. 254.

8676: 7533:

Sanctuary, and not the Main-building of the Aksà only, which, in the Prophet's days, did not exist.

7448: 6027: 4825: 4750: 3338: 3231: 2252: 1958: 1841: 1724:: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. It has particular religious significance for Judaism and Islam. 1490: 1205: 728: 658: 590: 585: 247: 12593: 9883: 9289:

The Internal Diversification of Second Temple Judaism: An Introduction to the Second Temple Period

7452: 7427: 5111:

policemen at the Lions' Gate. Gun attacks have been unusual at the Temple Mount in recent decades.

4662:

Two twin gates follow south of the Ablution Gate, the Tranquility Gate and the Gate of the Chain:

1980:. The Second Temple is believed to have attracted tens and maybe hundreds of thousands during the 1246:

3:1 refers to the Temple Mount in the time before the construction of the temple as Mount Moriah (

17487: 17191: 16993: 16901: 16475: 16386: 15848: 12839:

UNITED NATIONS Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs occupied Palestinian territory

11943:"The violence that began at Jerusalem's ancient holy sites is driven by a distinctly modern zeal" 11392:

The Gospel to the Romans [electronic resource]: the setting and rhetoric of Mark's Gospel

10215:

Narrating Muhammad's Night Journey: Tracing the Development of the Ibn 'Abbas Ascension Discourse

9245:

Purity, Sacrifice, and the Temple: Symbolism and Supersessionism in the Study of Ancient Judaism,

7842: 7525: 7385: 7309: 6327:

Narrating Muhammad's Night Journey: Tracing the Development of the Ibn 'Abbas Ascension Discourse

6167: 5878: 5350: 5160: 5039:, accused the rabbis of transgressing a decree punishable by 'death through the hands of heaven.' 4970: 4948: 4521: 4370: 4298:, the foundation stone on which the Dome of the Rock site and after which it is named, until the 4275: 3701: 3467: 3443: 3372: 3353: 3149: 2885: 2667: 1829: 1552:

rule (1517–1917), the wider compound began to also be popularly known as the Haram al-Sharif, or

1280: 1049: 512: 12167: 11368: 11339: 11008: 9748:... it was a sacred place to both Jews and Christians... The chief dates in connection with the 6385:"The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa in Zionist and Palestinian National Consciousness: A Comparative View" 5796:"Old City of Jerusalem | Map, Quarters, Gates, History, Pictures, & Importance | Britannica" 4964:

Plans are mooted to build a new minaret on the mount, the first of its kind for 600 years. King

4649:

Bab al-Majlis / an-Nazir/Nadhir (Council Gate / Inspector's Gate); western wall (northern third)

4464:

Cistern 9 (located just south of cistern 8, and directly under the al-Aqsa Mosque)—known as the

3011: 1738:

The Temple Mount is considered the holiest site in Judaism. According to Jewish tradition, both

17806: 17779: 17667: 17472: 17286: 17003: 16985: 16471: 16353: 15963: 15945: 15466:

Contested Holiness: Jewish, Muslim, and Christian Perspectives on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem

14896: 14803: 9862:

Transforming the Face of the Holy City: Political Messages in the Built Topography of Jerusalem

6197:

Spatialising Peace and Conflict: Mapping the Production of Places, Sites and Scales of Violence

5380:

Spatialising Peace and Conflict: Mapping the Production of Places, Sites and Scales of Violence

4757: 4197: 3814: 3810: 3632: 3224: 3180: 3048: 2605: 2434: 2388: 2265: 1433:), in reference to its location on the southern end of the compound as a result of the Islamic 1290:) seems to refer to the top of the hill, generally known as the Temple Mount. According to the 1224: 1185: 1097: 1086: 1039: 718: 698: 537: 181: 13145: 12567: 12223: 12122: 12061: 12017: 11736: 11711: 11463: 11390: 10593: 9997: 9964: 9667: 9640: 9600: 9584: 9483: 9457: 9428: 9401: 9385: 9287: 9243: 8100: 7802: 7772: 7473: 7413: 6497: 6272: 6234: 6195: 5455: 5417: 5378: 4579:

Bab al-Jana'iz/al-Buraq (Gate of the Funerals/of al-Buraq); eastern wall; a hardly noticeable

3098:

Stone piles (along the western wall, near the southern end) from the walls of the Temple Mount

17897: 17335: 17300: 16975: 16731: 16605: 16563: 16202: 15887: 15792: 15607: 15420: 14262: 13318: 13300: 13185: 13173: 12082: 11674:

Kaplony, Andreas (2009). "635/638–1099: The Mosque of Jerusalem (Masjid Bayt al-Maqdis)". In

11537: 11420: 11237:"Pontius Pilate in Jerusalem: The Monumental Street from the Siloam Pool to the Temple Mount" 11041: 11035: 10213: 9332: 9316: 9260: 8028: 7980: 7605: 7069: 6325: 6289: 6102: 5557: 5492: 5287: 5032: 4965: 4669:

Bab as-Silsileh (Gate of the Chain), the southern one of the two; western wall (central part)

4303: 4138: 4005:, it is forbidden for any person to enter the area of the Temple Mount due to its sacredness" 3861: 3709: 3705: 3625: 3503: 3216: 3043:

encircled the platform on three sides, and on its southern side stood a magnificent basilica

2912: 2853: 2562: 2334: 2288: 2256:

Empire and increasing Muslim violence against Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem instigated the

2126: 1918: 1892: 1647: 1471: 1451: 1410: 987: 867: 713: 233: 14952: 14915: 14622: 13898: 13304: 10675: 10331: 9713: 8610: 6028:

National Geographic Society (U.S.); de Blij, H.J.; Downs, R.; John Wiley & Sons (2007).

5882: 5709:"The Location of the Holy House of Herod's Temple: Evidence from the Pre-Destruction Period" 4351:

Southern edge of the upper platform, with view of the Summer Pulpit (left) and the southern

4164:

impossibility of fulfilling the ritual requirement of cleansing oneself with the ashes of a

3720:

personally, at a cost of $ 8 million. The Temple Mount remains, under the terms of the 1994

17681: 17477: 17393: 17340: 16503: 16499: 16456: 16358: 16197: 15969: 15853: 15776: 13463: 13233: 13204: 12418: 8912: 8573: 5981: 5877: 5199: 5191:, Israeli organization supporting Jewish free access and worship rights on the Temple Mount 5137: 5124: 5084:

commemorate the destruction of both the first and second Temples, which stood at this site.

4808: 4691: 4545: 3946: 3806: 3559: 3507: 3333:(arches) of the Haram al Sharif; Qubat al-Nahawiyya is also partially visible to the right. 1976:, Jerusalem was the center of religious and national life for Jews, including those in the 1973: 1926: 1733: 1177: 708: 626: 481: 449: 227: 15059: 14654: 9102: 9100: 7248:. Thus the words Mesjid and Jāmi'a differ in usage somewhat like the Greek ίερόν and ναός. 6610: 3393:). (The dome itself was covered in gold in 1920.) In 715, the Umayyads, led by the Caliph 3060:, which dominated the northwestern corner of the Temple Mount, and a rainwater reservoir, 2963:

Evidence of a Hasmonean expansion of the Temple Mount has been recovered by archaeologist

2445:, sometimes known as the Qibli Mosque, rest on the far southern side of the Mount, facing 8: 17691: 17565: 17437: 17432: 17320: 16624: 16466: 16297: 16207: 16163: 16123: 16019: 16014: 16006: 15935: 15822: 15812: 15224: 14821: 12676: 12342: 12191:"RECONSTRUCTION OF EVENTS (REVISED) AL-HARAM AL-SHARIF, JERUSALEM MONDAY, 8 OCTOBER 1990" 10565: 10554: 9902: 9865: 9777: 9773: 9749: 9737: 8645: 7956: 7326: 7265: 5795: 4804: 3659: 3479: 3246: 3220: 3188: 3164: 3140: 2971: 2821: 2748: 2613: 2609: 2065: 1864: 1845: 1837: 1787: 1739: 1721: 1684: 1660: 1573: 1505: 1482: 1388: 1243: 1209: 1201: 975: 958: 792: 693: 613: 444: 327: 14596: 13389: 12487:(Report). Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research and Multieducator Inc. pp. 15–16. 11316:

Reich, R. and Billig, Y. 2008. Jerusalem, The Robinson’s Arch Area. NEAEHL 5: 1809–1811.

9857:, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, September 18, 2000. Retrieved November 21, 2007.) 9001: 8938:

Should Jews Be Allowed to Pray on the Temple Mount? Many Israelis Think So, Poll Shows,'

8868: 8418: 7804:

Holman Treasury of Key Bible Words: 200 Greek and 200 Hebrew Words Defined and Explained

6007:

Should Jews Be Allowed to Pray on the Temple Mount? Many Israelis Think So, Poll Shows,'

4409:), originally supplied with water via a long narrow aqueduct leading from the so-called 3965:, with administration of the site remaining in the hands of the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf. 3002:, but did not harm the Temple, and allowed the priests to continue their work as usual. 17315: 17262: 17245: 17040: 16613: 16545: 16255: 16217: 16056: 15832: 15807: 15665: 15381: 15373: 14882: 14577: 14516: 14212: 13864: 13790: 13603: 13181: 13059: 12814: 11921: 11613: 11288:. New Haven, Connecticut and London, England: Yale University Press. pp. 356–361. 11264: 10904: 10767: 10469: 10279: 10155: 10026:

Heavenly Journeys, Earthly Concerns: The Legacy of the Mi'raj in the Formation of Islam

9789: 9142: 9097: 8680: 8274:"Middle East Report N°159 – The Status of the Status Quo at Jerusalem's Holy Esplanade" 8247: 8163: 7938: 7891: 7730: 7652: 7582: 7574: 7405: 7149: 6919: 6880: 6728: 6470: 6420: 6404: 5857: 5744: 5736: 4792: 4509:, situated on the southwestern flank, once supported a staircase that led to the Mount. 4506: 4411: 4347: 4052: 3412: 3411: "Furthest Mosque"), corresponding to the Islamic belief of Muhammad's miraculous 3343: 3199: 3118:

at the southern foot of the Temple Mount is believed to be a part of the Second Temple.

3052: 2838: 2830: 2787: 2601: 2547: 2420: 2382: 2167: 2060:

In Jewish tradition, the Temple Mount is also believed to be the location of Abraham's

1763: 1525: 1369: 1068: 1015: 688: 636: 580: 547: 307: 198: 16574: 15139: 13265: 12987:"Flavius Josephus, The Wars of the Jews, Book V, Whiston chapter 5, Whiston section 2" 12618: 12594:"Report: Israel, Jordan in Talks to Readmit non-Muslim Visitors to Temple Mount Sites" 12455: 12413: 11124:"The Conquests of Jerusalem by Pompey and Herod: On Sabbath or »Sabbath of Sabbaths«?" 11123: 6750: 6129: 5314: 4842: 4796: 4393:

ablution fountain for Muslim worshippers on the southern portion of the lower platform

4021:

committee hearing considered allowing Jews to pray at the site, amidst heated debate.

2483:. Thus, according to this tradition, Umar thereby reconsecrated the site as a mosque. 1720:

The Temple Mount has historical and religious significance for all three of the major

17847: 17798: 17379: 17305: 17120: 16222: 15797: 15595: 15579: 15560: 15536: 15512: 15500: 15480: 15470: 15452: 15428: 15403: 15385: 15365: 15297: 15264: 15046: 15029: 15000: 14785: 14508: 14192: 14165: 14155: 14131: 14079: 13782: 13741: 13714: 13687: 13660: 13631: 13595: 13514: 13200: 13169: 13149: 13138: 12573: 12528: 12503: 12128: 12088: 12023: 11996: 11950: 11897: 11742: 11715: 11704: 11679: 11636: 11617: 11543: 11518: 11469: 11426: 11396: 11299: 11289: 11268: 11256: 11205: 11195: 11143: 11139: 11104: 11045: 10985: 10975: 10948: 10926: 10896: 10865: 10802: 10792: 10759: 10599: 10569: 10441: 10431: 10394: 10271: 10219: 10159: 10097: 10059: 10030: 10003: 9970: 9945:

Jacobson, D. M. The Enigma of the Name Īliyā (= Aelia) for Jerusalem in Early Islam.

9817: 9673: 9646: 9606: 9556: 9540: 9516: 9489: 9434: 9407: 9338: 9293: 9266: 9230: 9179: 9169: 9137:, 23:16); the Temple because it is written: 'So David gave to Ornan for the place,' ( 9063: 8841: 8789: 8764: 8754: 8352: 8265: 8251: 8203: 8189: 8167: 8155: 8108: 8036: 7986: 7942: 7930: 7883: 7808: 7778: 7734: 7722: 7644: 7586: 7566: 7285: 7193: 7153: 7141: 6911: 6872: 6720: 6675: 6665: 6639: 6503: 6474: 6462: 6412: 6331: 6295: 6264: 6240: 6201: 6108: 6035: 5928: 5888: 5849: 5748: 5728: 5672: 5647: 5637: 5563: 5534: 5530: 5498: 5472: 5468: 5447: 5423: 5384: 5293: 4788: 4320: 4176: 3949:

in 1187. On June 7, 1967, soon after Israel had taken control of the area during the

3717: 3581: 3475: 3466:

was granted use of Al-Aqsa Mosque to use as their headquarters. This was probably by

3462:'s capture of Jerusalem. After the city's conquest, the Crusading order known as the 3025: 2949: 2916: 2876:, argued that the walls of the First Temple compound extended eastward as far as the 2675: 2574: 2467: 2300: 2273: 2260:. The Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099 and the Dome of the Rock was given to the 2209: 1954: 1922: 1353: 1217: 914: 703: 600: 15858: 13364: 12555:(Report). Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research and Multieducator Inc. p. 10. 11817: 11789: 10402: 4476: 3933: 3242:

related that that was the only day on which Jews were permitted to enter Jerusalem.

2068:

3:1 refers to the Temple Mount in the time before the construction of the temple as

1848:

then suggested the area to David as a fitting place for the erection of an altar to

1160:— commonly translated as "Temple Mount" in English — was first used in the books of 17816: 17811: 17784: 17701: 17553: 17457: 17447: 17325: 17310: 17145: 16401: 16323: 16313: 16179: 16071: 15817: 15802: 15492: 15357: 14981: 14627: 14331: 13774: 13257: 11605: 11416: 11248: 11135: 11096: 10855: 10147: 10117: 9813: 9745: 9312: 9053: 8239: 8145: 7922: 7875: 7749: 7714: 7636: 7558: 7277: 7245: 7241: 7192:. Translated by Keith Myrick and Miriam Randall. Ignatius Press. pp. 320–322. 7131: 6712: 6588: 6515: 6458: 6454: 6396: 6312:... The Temple Mount, al-Haram al-Sharif, is a large esplanade (sahn in Arabic) ... 6214: 5920: 5720: 5397: 4886: 4850: 4549: 4402: 4287: 3749: 3640: 3451: 3377: 3357: 3293: 3128: 3057: 2817: 2639: 2491: 2438: 2374: 2361: 2221: 2147: 2143: 2131: 2111: 2061: 1989: 1930: 1751: 1743: 1635: 1545: 1513: 1392: 1165: 1078: 942: 934: 930: 926: 818: 495: 267: 169: 15646: 14933: 14855: 14682: 14230: 13184:, former rabbinical judge in the Rabbinical Supreme Court of the State of Israel; 12695:"Judge's approval of Jewish man's 'quiet prayer' on Temple Mount stirs Arab anger" 12633:"It's a mistake to allow right-wing MKs on Temple Mount, Police Chief Danino says" 11609: 11252: 9693: 8397: 7240:

The Jámi'a el-Aksa is the mosk alone; the Mesjid el-Aksa is the mosk with all the

5559:

Inhabiting the Land: Thinking Theologically about the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict

5494:

Inhabiting the Land: Thinking Theologically about the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict

4336:, that was repurposed at this time, or it may be a structure that was built after 2565:

to al-Aqsa Mosque where he prayed. After Muhammad finished his prayers, the angel

2178:, which contains a plea for the building of a Third Temple and the restoration of 1992:

in the 2nd century BCE. During the first century BCE, the Temple was renovated by

1804:. The Temple Mount and Herod's Temple are shown in the middle. View from the east. 1754:

is the place from where the world was created and expanded into its current form.

957:

in the vicinity of each. The courtyard is surrounded on the north and west by two

909:. The plaza is dominated by two monumental structures originally built during the 17789: 17631: 17482: 17374: 17356: 17199: 16883: 16698: 16348: 16333: 16318: 16250: 16138: 16066: 15879: 15397: 14391:"Muslim cleanup project 'illegally disturbed, removed' ancient soil on Temple Mt" 14125: 14113:. New Haven, Connecticut; London, England: Yale University Press. pp. 92–93. 14073: 13735: 13508: 13460: 13453: 13371: 13296: 13272: 13241: 13196: 13177: 12834: 12320: 12316: 12174: 12154: 11928: 11799: 10561: 10024: 9898: 9890: 9837: 9781: 9700: 9134: 8916: 8243: 7760: 6526: 6225: 6029: 5985: 5838:"The Meaning of the Inscribed Stones at the Corners of the Herodian Temple Mount" 5408: 5164: 5108: 5107:: Three men from the Israeli-Arab city of Umm al-Fahm opened fire on two Israeli 5036: 5011: 4904: 4374: 4316:. The arcades were erected in different periods from the 10th to 15th centuries. 4172: 3874: 3768: 3740: 3547: 3535: 3463: 3423:. The term "Noble Sanctuary" or "Haram al-Sharif", as it was called later by the 3302: 3289: 3111: 3021: 2945: 2938: 2869: 2864:, recorded in the Bible as the name of a major office holder in Solomon's Temple. 2826: 2662: 2655: 2582: 2542:

was transported to a site named Al-Aqsa Mosque – "the furthest place of prayer" (

2269: 2225: 2103: 2073: 2021: 1993: 1977: 1950: 1946: 1813: 1639: 1561: 1331: 1319: 1247: 902: 774: 542: 17048: 14440:"Temple Mount Sifting Project reboots, aims to salvage ancient temple artifacts" 12881: 12456:"Jerusalem: Palestinian anger over far-right Israeli minister's holy site visit" 11191:

Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaeae/Palaestinae: Volume 1 1/1: Jerusalem, Part 1: 1–704

8980: 5766: 2755:

was relocated to the Kaaba where Muslims have been directed to pray ever since.

2251:

in 614 many churches were razed, and the site was turned into a dump. The Arabs

1560:), which translates as the "Noble Sanctuary". It mirrors the terminology of the 17862: 17852: 17826: 17821: 17706: 17652: 17589: 17402: 17398: 17195: 17114: 17017: 16826: 16666: 16535: 16407: 16396: 16363: 16343: 16061: 16046: 15771: 15627: 15571: 15109:"Temple Mount terrorists named, identified as 3 Israeli Arabs from Umm al-Fahm" 14106: 13411: 13253: 13071:

Vol. 2; Ch. 648) mentions a case of a Jew who was forced onto the Temple Mount.

12309: 12219: 12194: 11069: 10589: 10363:

The Dome of the Rock, the Kaʿba, and Ghumdan: Arab Myths and Umayyad Monuments,

9993: 9788:

in 70. These ups and downs are among the greater signs in religious history." (

9761: 9548: 8953: 8466: 7976: 7864:"The Restoration Project of the Masjid Al-Aqsa by Mi̇mar Kemaletti̇n (1922–26)" 7838: 7627: 7521: 7381: 7268:(1871). "History of the Haram Es Sherif: Compiled from the Arabic Historians". 7183: 7009: 6703: 6442: 6177: 5866:

The Temple Mount has never been the focus of a modern archaeological excavation

5360: 4846: 4761: 4704: 4633:

There are now eleven open gates offering access to the Muslim Haram al-Sharif.

4567:

In the process of investigating Cistern 10, Warren discovered tunnels that lay

4553: 4525: 4447: 4142: 4123: 4114: 3942: 3780: 3694: 3678: 3674: 3539: 3371:

In 691, an octagonal Islamic building topped by a dome was built by the Caliph

3115: 3069: 2999: 2983: 2975: 2944:

According to Patrich and Edelcopp, the ideal area of the complex, described in

2834: 2739:("direction") that Muslims faced for prayer. Muhammad later prayed towards the 2277: 2175: 2033: 1942: 1938: 1857: 1771: 1607: 1598:, written as a joint undertaking by 21 Jewish, Muslim and Christian scholars. 1549: 1486: 1462: 1442: 1384: 1291: 1276: 1272: 1232: 1101: 1020: 963: 946: 894: 476: 471: 162: 16441:

Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount

15484: 14363: 14290: 13778: 13534: 12937: 12882:"Tourism Min. plan to widen Jewish access to Temple Mount angers Palestinians" 12124:

New Zionism and the Foreign Policy System of Israel (RLE Israel and Palestine)

11303: 10151: 8331: 7910: 7562: 7432:

The Holy City: Historical, Topographical, and Antiquarian Notices of Jerusalem

7212: 7136: 7119: 6997: 6979:

Shatzman, I. (2009). Appendix H, in: Yosef Ben Matityahu ( Flavius Josephus),

6966:

Shahar, Y. (2008) "The concept of the Temple Mount in the Second Tem period,"

5881:; Maximilian Sternberg; Lefkos Kyriacou; Craig Larkin; Michael Dumper (2013). 5823: 5184:

Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount

2703: 1572:, which had previously been reserved for the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca and the 17891: 17842: 17541: 17462: 17422: 17330: 17204: 17031: 16540: 16328: 16292: 16158: 16148: 16083: 16078: 16036: 16031: 15985: 15827: 15540: 15369: 15301: 14512: 13786: 13599: 13385: 13245: 12614: 11983:

Israeli, Raphael (2002). "Introduction: Everyday Life in Divided Jerusalem".

11954: 11882: 11363: 11260: 11209: 11147: 11108: 11100: 10989: 10900: 10869: 10860: 10843: 10806: 10763: 10445: 10398: 10275: 9512:

Pilgrimage [2 Volumes]: From the Ganges to Graceland, An Encyclopedia

9183: 9165:

Jerusalem: portrait of the city in the Second Temple period (538 BCE – 70 CE)

9129: 9067: 8899: 8159: 7934: 7926: 7887: 7726: 7718: 7648: 7570: 7454:

The Holy City: Historical, Topographical and Antiquarian Notices of Jerusalem

7289: 7145: 6915: 6876: 6724: 6679: 6466: 6416: 6408: 5968: 5912: 5853: 5732: 4870:

started construction of a temporary wooden pedestrian pathway to replace the

4828: 4780: 4772: 4742: 4640:

Bab al-Hitta/Huttah (Gate of Remission, Pardon, or Absolution); northern wall

4291: 4248: 4193: 4033:

said his ministry was seeking legal ways to enable Jews to pray at the site.

4026: 4014: 3945:

has managed the Temple Mount continuously since the Muslim reconquest of the

3753: 3682: 3648: 3608:

Israeli paratroopers entering the Temple Mount through the Lions Gate in 1967

3491: 3459: 3428: 3235: 3061: 2964: 2953: 2934: 2928: 2900: 2888:

as Judean Iron Age in style, dating them to the construction of this wall by

2873: 2726: 2304: 2296: 2284: 2264:, who turned it into a church, and al-Aqsa Mosque became the royal palace of 2205: 2201: 2107: 2009: 1966: 1907: 1774:

stood, since, according to rabbinical law, there is still some aspect of the

1631: 1438: 1403:– because none of these buildings existed at the time the Quran was written. 1365: 1208:, the mountain is already referred to as a distinct entity. In 2 Chronicles, 1184:

of ancient Jerusalem, was used more frequently. Both terms are in use in the

1173: 1161: 1137: 1023:

stood, since, according to rabbinical law, there is still some aspect of the

954: 906: 648: 643: 102: 89: 17923:

Conversion of non-Christian religious buildings and structures into churches

11022:

western wall of the pre-Herodian, perhaps First Temple-period, Temple Mount.

8768: 7669: 7623:"Al-Aqsa Mosque's Incident in July 2017: Affirming the Policy of Deterrence" 7095:"Islamic guards try to boot guide for saying 'Temple Mount' on Temple Mount" 6699:"Al-Aqsa Mosque's Incident in July 2017: Affirming the Policy of Deterrence" 6400: 6146: 5924: 5651: 5330: 1626:

Topographical map of Jerusalem, showing the Temple Mount on the eastern peak

953:, ten reserved for Muslims and one for non-Muslims, with guard posts of the 17716: 17577: 17427: 17295: 16707: 16679: 16391: 16287: 16115: 16105: 15443:

Finkelstein, Louis; Horbury, William; Davies, William David; Sturdy, John.

15166:"Muslim authority protests Temple Mount security measures, blocks entrance" 14714: 14102: 14038: 14013: 13984: 13959: 13934: 13837: 13812: 13249: 13237: 13225: 13217: 13041: 12387: 12269: 12019:

Holy War: The Rise of Militant Christian, Jewish and Islamic Fundamentalism

11335: 11235:

Szanton, Nahshon; Hagbi, Moran; Uziel, Joe; Ariel, Donald T. (2019-07-03).

10844:"The Mound on the Mount: A Possible Solution to the Problem with Jerusalem" 9138: 8521: 8441:"Jerusalem's Status Quo Agreement: History and Challenges to Its Viability" 8150: 7640: 7506: 7461: 6716: 5069: 5019: 5015: 4988: 4910: 4863: 4854: 4832: 4676:

A twelfth gate still open during Ottoman rule is now closed to the public:

4655:

Bab al-Qattanin (Gate of the Cotton Merchants); western wall (central part)

4344:

in Arabic) stands a little further north and is dated to the 16th century.

4209: 4205: 4189: 4022: 4010: 3993: 3848: 3844: 3776: 3732: 3636: 3604: 3447: 3209: 3171:

overlapping the site of the former second Jewish temple, the Temple Mount.

3155: 3136: 3094: 3036: 2877: 2811: 2795: 2650: 2523: 2515: 2442: 2354: 2261: 2229: 2163: 2151: 2001: 1809: 1759: 1755: 1656: 1529: 1414: 1373: 1356:

travelled from Mecca to the mosque, from where he subsequently ascended to

1264: 1169: 1145: 1082: 1011: 1007: 1003: 922: 898: 883: 875: 507: 500: 15511:

Hassner, Ron E., "War on Sacred Grounds," Cornell University Press, 2009.

13584:"The Early Islamic Monuments of Al-Ḥaram Al-Sharīf: An Iconographic Study" 12970: 12721:"Palestinians outraged over ruling allowing Jewish prayer on Temple Mount" 11285:

For the Freedom of Zion: The Great Revolt of Jews against Romans, 66–74 CE

11189: 10786: 10674:. Organisation of the Islamic Conference. 24 February 1974. Archived from 10425: 9163: 8785:

The Western Wall: The Dispute over Israel's Holiest Jewish Site, 1967–2000

6661:

Contested Holy places in Israel/Palestine: Sharing and Conflict Resolution

6565: 6258:: "A view of the Al-Aqsa compound (Temple Mount) in Jerusalem's Old City" 5817: 5668:

The Western Wall: The Dispute over Israel's Holiest Jewish Site, 1967–2000

5441:: "A view of the Al-Aqsa compound (Temple Mount) in Jerusalem's Old City" 4603:

Warren's Gate; western wall, now only visible from the Western Wall Tunnel

4586:

Golden Gate (Bab al-Zahabi); eastern wall (northern third), a double gate:

3809:, Jews were accused of violating the status quo. Following the riots, the 3102: 17600: 17267: 17071: 15713: 14825: 14658: 14600: 14309: 14188:

The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700

14151: 14075:

The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700

13510:

The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700

13221: 13064: 13025: 11738:

A History of Jewish-Muslim Relations: From the Origins to the Present Day

11675: 11514: 9841: 9757: 9602:

The Byzantine-Islamic Transition in Palestine: An Archaeological Approach

9430:

The Byzantine-Islamic Transition in Palestine: An Archaeological Approach

9223: 8398:"Report of the 1st Extraordinary Session of the World Heritage Committee" 8185: 8059: 7281: 5767:"Temple Mount | Definition, Jerusalem, Bible, & History | Britannica" 5090: 4529: 4221: 4217: 4185: 4150: 4030: 3954: 3950: 3839: 3835: 3736: 3663: 3613: 3263: 2979: 2404: 1860:

forbade him from building it, however, because he had "shed much blood".

1377: 1113: 1053: 14520: 14496: 13794: 13762: 13607: 13583: 13236:(former Sefardi Chief Rabbi of Israel); Shmuel Rabinowitz (rabbi of the 13189: 12225:

Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness,

10908: 10884: 10771: 10747: 10618: 10383:"The Modern History of Islamic Jerusalem: Academic Myths and Propaganda" 9058: 9041: 8885:. Germany: Anchor Academic Publishing, 2015, pp. 361–362. 7656: 7578: 6923: 6884: 6860: 6838:

is never to be found throughout the entire corpus of the New Testament."

6732: 6424: 6370: 5861: 5837: 5536:

Rival Conceptualizations of a Single Space: Jerusalem's sacred esplanade

5474:

Rival Conceptualizations of a Single Space: Jerusalem's sacred esplanade

5204: 4909:

An 800-year-old wall holding back part of the hill jutting out from the

4583:, or maybe an improvised gate, a short distance south of the Golden Gate 4047:

During Temple times, entry to the Mount was limited by a complex set of

1792: 1064:. The plaza includes the location regarded as where the Islamic prophet 17236: 17220: 17179: 16381: 16245: 16051: 16024: 15925: 15892: 15421:"The Temple Mount in Jewish and Early Christian Traditions: A New Look" 15377: 15325: 15290:"Clashes Erupt at Jerusalem Holy Site on Day With Overlapping Holidays" 14982:

Israel Police battle Arab rioters on Temple Mount; PA official arrested

13337: 11378:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 256. 11367: 10361: 10283: 10259: 9092: 8894: 7895: 7863: 7622: 7546: 6899: 6698: 6070:"Factbox: Where is Al Aqsa mosque and why is it so important in Islam?" 5963: 5740: 5708: 5031:, which is controlled by leading Litvish Haredi rabbis including Rabbi 4816:

Committee to Prevent the Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount

4502: 4434: 4333: 4307: 4165: 4098: 4090: 3757: 3394: 3329: 3323: 2671: 2593: 2557:). The Qur'an describes how Muhammad was taken by the miraculous steed 2519: 2479: 2408: 2308: 2013: 1962: 1896: 1853: 1833: 1521: 1361: 1268: 1181: 1057: 995: 15464: 12934:"How to visit Temple Mount as a tourist: Old City, Jerusalem, Israel," 12746:"Court reinstates police ban on Jewish man who prayed on Temple Mount" 11283: 10524:"Saudi Lawyer Claims Al Aqsa Mosque Is In Saudi Arabia, Not Jerusalem" 8373: 7694: 6366: 6193: 5376: 3643:" (Jerusalem Day), which became a national holiday to commemorate the 3365: 2581:

Glory be to the One Who took His servant ˹Muḥammad˺ by night from the

1622: 17676: 17643: 17187: 17183: 16609: 16240: 16128: 15975: 14762:"'Damage to Jewish antiquities on Temple Mount keeps me up at night'" 14559: 11992: 11988: 10971:

The End of Days: Fundamentalism and the Struggle for the Temple Mount

10969: 10194:. Vol. 7 (New ed. 2006 ed.). Brill. 2006. pp. 97–105. 10093: 8802: 8193: 6659: 6254: 5437: 4952: 4944: 4768: 4416: 4244: 3916: 3838:, on June 17, 1967, a meeting was held at the al-Aqsa mosque between 3796:

Jews were not allowed to visit for approximately one thousand years.

3772: 3621: 2791: 2699: 2695: 2617: 2244: 1775: 1651: 1589: 1096:, the Muslim community of Jerusalem has managed the site through the 1024: 871: 206: 150: 15361: 15345: 13559:"Dome of the Rock Platform – Madain Project (en) – Dome of the Rock" 13454:'Orthodox Jewish newspaper asks Arabs to avoid killing Haredi Jews,' 8748: 7879: 7497:"The Holy Land, Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Islamic Sources" 6541:"Amid Temple Mount tumult, the who, what and why of its Waqf rulers" 6384: 5724: 5631: 4616:

Single Gate; southern wall, outside Solomon's Stables/Marwani Mosque

4613:

Triple Gate; southern wall, outside Solomon's Stables/Marwani Mosque

4572:

from Warren's expedition no one else is known to have visited them.

4236:. Maimonides, perhaps the greatest codifier of Jewish Law, wrote in 4036: 4001:

and English outside the Temple Mount stating that "According to the

3985:

is the only entrance to the Temple Mount accessible to non-Muslims.

3364:

who visited about 670. According to Arculf's account as recorded by

2717: 1988:

commemorates the rededication of the Temple at the beginning of the

1520:(a coalition of Palestinian nationalist militias in the West Bank), 17743: 17208: 17129: 15322:"Clashes erupt at Jerusalem's al-Aqsa mosque, at least 152 injured" 13903: 13261: 13260:(former Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel and current Chief Rabbi of 12178:

Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs

11064: 9966:

Jerusalem, Jerusalem: How the Ancient City Ignited Our Modern World

9769: 9714:"History of Al-Aqsa Mosque: Chapter one – The History of Palestine" 8228:"Review: Where Heaven and Earth Meet: Jerusalem's sacred esplanade" 8133: 7765:

Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs

7496: 6492:

Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs

6229:

Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs

5412:

Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs

4658:

Bab al-Matarah/Mathara (Ablution Gate); western wall (central part)

4423: 4299: 4181: 4127: 3686: 3306: 3176: 3114:

inscription לבית התקיעה להב "To the Trumpeting Place" excavated by

3064:, in the northeast. A monumental street, today referred to as the " 3044: 2889: 2539: 2416: 2257: 2217: 1985: 1821: 1687:

and it was added to the List in 1981. In 1982, it was added to the

1093: 1065: 910: 653: 17857: 15704:

Virtual Walking Tour of Al-Haram Al-Sharif ("The Noble Sanctuary")

14737:"Palestinians mark Ramadan by destroying Temple Mount antiquities" 14415:"Palestinians mark Ramadan by destroying Temple Mount antiquities" 12246:

November 13, 1990, pp. 25–29 and the reportage by Mike Wallace on

10121: 9784:, 17 BCE to 29; and completely razed to the ground by the Emperor 7774:

A Flag Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of National Symbols

7557:(2). Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland: 247–305. 6499:

A Flag Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of National Symbols

6236:

A Flag Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of National Symbols

5419:

A Flag Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of National Symbols

5207:, in Islam, the narrow bridge for the souls on the Day of Judgment 4783:

that uncovered finds from the Second Temple period through Roman,

4457:

Cistern 8 (located just north of the al-Aqsa Mosque)—known as the

2899:

Remains of a wall in the northwest part of the elevated platform;

2643: 2369: 17635: 17560: 17281: 15756: 15748: 15243:"Israeli Government Crisis Deepens After Closing of Major Mosque" 14986: 14687: 14597:"Jerusalem Arabs Riot, Kassams Fired, After Old City Excavations" 13653:"Umayyad Jerusalem: from a religious capital to a religious town" 13477:"Dome of the Rock Platform – Madain Project (en) – Well of Souls" 9906:

unto the Lord, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings.'(

9753: 9196: 8940: 8923: 8826: 8641:"Netanyahu leads angry denunciations of 'absurd' UNESCO decision" 8101:"Geographical Terminology in Mujir al-Din's History of Jerusalem" 7695:

Jordan-PLO Agreement on the Jerusalem Holy Sites – English (2013)

7551:

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland

6009: 5992: 5022: 5005: 4836: 4784: 4580: 4337: 4295: 4018: 3978: 3958: 3904:

Jews with religious appearance must visit in groups monitored by

3566: 3486: 3424: 3270:

origin on account of their similarity to a known Umayyad mosaic.

3267: 3132: 3029: 2991: 2957: 2881: 2861: 2590: 2570: 2552: 2487: 2430: 2342: 2017: 1868: 1817: 1747: 1643: 1348: 1193: 1031: 979: 879: 811: 532: 490: 56: 29: 14848:"Rightist MK Ariel visits Temple Mount as thousands throng Wall" 14578:"On-the-Spot Report from the Kotel Women´s Section Construction" 11922:"Hashemite Restorations of the Islamic Holy Places in Jerusalem" 9572: 9433:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press Oxford. p. 132. 8526:

A Future in Ruins:UNESCO, World Heritage, and the Dream of Peace

8029:"Suq al-Ma'rifa: An Ayyubid Hanbalite Shrine in Haram al-Sharif" 6287: 2045:

shall go forth the law, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.

1606:

In recent years, the term "Holy Esplanade" has been used by the

1528:(Palestinian university established in 1991 in the Gaza Strip), 17772: 17733: 17651: 16628: 16260: 16192: 16041: 13624:

Bahat, Dan (1996). Prawer, Joshua; Ben-Shammai, Haggai (eds.).

13068: 12852:"Palestinians flock to Jerusalem as Israeli restrictions eased" 12659:"The women of al-Aqsa: the compound's self-appointed guardians" 12338:'Jews must stop Temple Mount visits, Sephardi chief rabbi says' 11452:

Harvard University Press, 1981, pp. 50–53, 201ff., 211., 245ff.

10699:"Amulet with Cartouche of Thutmose III Discovered in Jerusalem" 9741: 9515:. Santa Barbara, California: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 274. 8704:"U.S. Will Withdraw From Unesco, Citing Its 'Anti-Israel Bias'" 6910:. Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion: 49–113. 5188: 4929: 4882: 4427:

notable are (numbering traditionally follows Wilson's scheme):

4365: 4274:) can host more than 400,000 worshippers, making it one of the 4229: 4213: 4160: 4107: 3998: 3974: 3962: 3708:

during protests that were triggered by the announcement of the

3652: 3420: 3388: 3361: 3346: 3309: 3239: 2987: 2730: 2622: 2566: 2497: 2471: 2415:. According to Islamic tradition, the plaza is the location of 2197: 2179: 2171: 2139: 2115: 2087: 1849: 1681: 1677: 1577: 1357: 1213: 1141: 1105: 1048:) can host more than 400,000 worshippers, making it one of the 802: 186: 70: 15692: 15578:. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1975. 15346:"The Oldest Datable Chambers on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem" 14683:"Waqf Temple Mount excavation raises archaeologists' protests" 14231:"Waqf Temple Mount excavation raises archaeologists' protests" 14213:"Jerusalem's Temple Mount Flap – Archaeology Magazine Archive" 11845:, 7 November 2005, video documentary written by Marcy Marzuni. 11513:

Tsafrir, Yoram (2009). "70–638: The Temple-less Mountain". In

10842:

Finkelstein, Israel; Koch, Ido; Lipschits, Oded (2011-08-22).

8033:

Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World

7480:(in French). Vol. 2. Gedruckt bey A. Schmid. p. 93. 7158:

In part, the issue is one of the technical interpretations of

4494: 2670:. The construction of the Dome of the Rock was interpreted by 2196:

The Temple was of central importance in Jewish worship in the

1223:

The governmental organization which administers the site, the

17738: 14560:"Satellite News and latest stories | The Jerusalem Post" 14062:, pp. 104–107 (North Portico); and West Portico, pp. 192–194. 10595:

States, Nations, and Borders: The Ethics of Making Boundaries

9999:

States, Nations, and Borders: The Ethics of Making Boundaries

9785: 8134:"The Farthest Mosque or the Alleged Temple an Analytic Study" 7794: 6566:"What Are the Temple Movements and Why Should We Be Worried?" 5562:. Cascade Companions. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 77. 5497:. Cascade Companions. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 77. 4925: 4541: 4385: 4201: 4061: 4048: 4002: 3988: 3895:

Jewish visits are often prevented or considerably restricted.

3667: 3416: 3223:

on the Temple Mount was demolished immediately following the

3179:, which Jews considered idolatrous. It was also customary in 3080: 2922: 2848: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2683: 2558: 2535: 2446: 2425: 2213: 1957:. In 516 BCE, the returned Jewish population in Judah, under 1825: 1569: 1565: 1434: 1360:. Arabic and Persian writers such as 10th-century geographer 1343: 1314:

The English term "al-Aqsa Mosque" is a translation of either

1073: 983: 887: 785: 15708: 13627:

The History of Jerusalem: The Early Muslim Period (638-1099)

9539:, 1971 (English trans from German), Lund Humphries, London, 6751:"Israel freezes Unesco ties for 'denying Jewish holy sites'" 6291:

The History of Jerusalem: The Early Muslim Period (638–1099)

6144: 5328: 4115:

Opinions of contemporary rabbis concerning entry to the site

3352:

was led to the place reluctantly by the Christian patriarch

3139:

on the site of Jerusalem, which was still in ruins from the

2747:

after receiving a revelation during a prayer session in the

2502:

in Arabic) to expand on the details of the temple. The term

2349: 2036:

foretells the international importance of the Temple Mount:

1180:, although the term “Mount Zion”, which today refers to the 17079: 15399:

God's Mountain: The Temple Mount in Time, Place, and Memory

14960: 14655:"Silence in the Face of Continued Temple Mount Destruction" 14641:

blatant violation that is not acceptable under any pretext.

14305:"Violent clashes at key Jerusalem mosque on 'day of anger'" 13338:"The Israeli Chief Rabbinate and the Temple Mount Question" 13229: 12550:

The eroding status quo: power struggles on the Temple Mount

11883:"Entering the Temple Mount – in Halacha and Jewish History" 10788:

The fortifications of ancient Israel and Judah, 1200–586 BC

10731:

Jerusalem in Bible and Archaeology; The First Temple Period

9894: 9772:

about 515 BCE; turned into a heathen idol temple by one of

9765: 8844: 7911:"A New Saljuq Inscription in the Masjid al-Aqsa, Jerusalem" 7501:

Journal of the Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR)

6611:"Watch: Waqf bans 'Religious Christians' from Temple Mount" 6585:"The Temple Mount – Outrageous Lies and Escalating Dangers" 6445:(2013). "Narratives of Jerusalem and its Sacred Compound". 5292:. ABC-CLIO history reference online. ABC-CLIO. p. 70. 5053: 4885:

from the northern side of the Temple Mount compound to the

4878: 4270: 4013:, a retaining wall for the Temple Mount and remnant of the 3349: 3312: 3040: 2679: 2463: 2138:

According to the rabbinic sages whose debates produced the

2114:. Modern scholarship tends to regard them as distinct (see 2042: 1044: 841: 15469:. Jersey City, NJ: KTAV Publishing House, Inc. p. 4. 15221:"Jerusalem clashes destabilising for Israel and Palestine" 15140:"Israeli police killed in attack near Jerusalem holy site" 14465:"Opus Sectile Floors on Jerusalem's Herodian Temple Mount" 14360:"Temple Mount destruction stirred archaeologist to action" 12677:"Israel Bans Two Muslim Activist Groups From Temple Mount" 12482:

The eroding status quo:power struggles on the Temple Mount

6970:

pp. 14, 203–210 (Hebrew with an English abstract on p. 4).

3689:

at protesters outside the mosque, wounding 40 worshipers.

2573:) traveled with him to heaven, where he met several other 2162:

Jewish texts predict that the Mount will be the site of a

17928:

Religious buildings and structures converted into mosques

15265:"Gantz ends West Bank closure amid Temple Mount violence" 14336: 14164:. United States: University of Texas Press. p. 191. 14161:

Where Heaven and Earth Meet: Jerusalem's Sacred Esplanade

13437:"Chief Rabbis reimpose ban on Jews visiting Temple Mount" 11684:

Where Heaven and Earth Meet: Jerusalem's Sacred Esplanade

11523:

Where Heaven and Earth Meet: Jerusalem's Sacred Esplanade

10049: 8702:

Harris, Gardiner; Erlangeroct, Steven (12 October 2017).

8611:"UNESCO fails to acknowledge Jewish ties to Temple Mount" 8195:

Where Heaven and Earth Meet: Jerusalem's Sacred Esplanade

7705:

Kamil, Meryem (2020-09-01). "Postspatial, Postcolonial".

6900:"The Temple Mount, the Rabbis, and the Poetics of Memory" 6130:"Jerusalem holy site clashes fuel fears of return to war" 5913:"Post-1967 Struggle over Al-Haram Al-Sharif/Temple Mount" 5315:"Jerusalem holy site clashes fuel fears of return to war" 4646:

Bab al-Ghawanima (Gate of Bani Ghanim); north-west corner

4596:

Bab al-Tauba (Door of Repentance) is the northern opening

3767:

On 3 January 2023, Israeli Minister of National Security

3184: 2626:

referred to Jerusalem as the site of the Al-Aqsa Mosque:

1595:

Where Heaven and Earth Meet: Jerusalem's Sacred Esplanade

1042:; it is revered as "the Noble Sanctuary". Its courtyard ( 832: 821: 16911: 12265:"Judge Blames Israeli Police In Killing Of Palestinians" 10885:"The City of David Is Not on the Temple Mount After All" 10841: 10494:"Israel applauds Egyptian writer's remarks on Jerusalem" 10427:

The life of Muḥammad : al-Wāqidī's Kitāb al-maghāzī

9249:

loyal to the Jerusalem temple, long after Jesus' death."

8492:"UNESCO adopts anti-Israel resolution on al-Aqsa Mosque" 7538: 4643:

Bab al-Atim/'Atm/Attim (Gate of Darkness); northern wall

1961:, rebuilt the Temple in Jerusalem under the auspices of 16604: 13228:(spiritual leader of Sefardi Haredi Judaism and of the 8734:"UNESCO unanimously adopts resolution on old Jerusalem" 8071:

Bulletin of the Royal Institute for Inter-Faith Studies

7130:(3). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 231–239. 6138:

Whole site also considered by Muslims as Al Aqsa Mosque

5377:

Annika Björkdahl; Susanne Buckley-Zistel (1 May 2016).

5323:

Whole site also considered by Muslims as Al Aqsa Mosque

3731:

On 28 September 2000, then-opposition leader of Israel

3431:, refers to the entirer area that surrounds that Rock. 2994:, so the defenders would not disrupt the work. After a 1899:, carrying the blood of a sacrificial lamb and burning 1138:

attempt to deny Jewish connection with the Temple Mount

15645: 15241:

Kingsley, Patrick; Abdulrahim, Raja (April 17, 2022).

14916:"Rabbis visiting Temple Mount 'hope for an awakening'" 13266:

Leading rabbis rule Temple Mount is off-limits to Jews

11741:(in French). Princeton University Press. p. 108. 11234: 10791:. Adam Hook. Oxford, England: Osprey. pp. 28–29. 10300:

Busse, H. (1968). The sanctity of Jerusalem in Islam.

9106: 9021: 8035:(Illustrated, annotated ed.). Brill. p. 85. 7418:(in French). à l'Imprimerie royale. pp. 343–344. 6764: 6361: 6359: 2852:

The Immer Bulla (7th–6th century BCE), written in the

2786:

The hill is believed to have been inhabited since the

1840:, into the city. When a great plague struck Israel, a 998:

in 516 BCE, was later renovated by King Herod and was

949:

periods, flank the site, which can be reached through

13834:"Wilson's map of the features under the Temple Mount" 12053: 12051: 12049: 12047: 12045: 12043: 12041: 12039: 11340:"When the Priests Trumpeted the Onset of the Sabbath" 10832:

Na'aman, “Contribution of the Amarna Letters,” p. 23.

9509:

Davidson, Linda Kay; Gitlitz, David M. (2002-11-17).

9212:

Abraham on Trial: The Social Legacy of Biblical Myth,

9040:

Garfinkel, Yosef; Mumcuoglu, Madeleine (2019-03-15).

8288: 8144:(3). Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University. 7462:

Kadi Mejir-ed-din, Ebil-yemen Abd-er-Rahman, El-Alemi

7070:"PLO urge journalists: Don't use term 'Temple Mount'" 6891: 5690: 5688: 4652:

Bab al-Hadid (Iron Gate); western wall (central part)

4593:

Bab al-Rahma (Door of Mercy) is the southern opening,

4294:, originally accessible only by a narrow hole in the 3035:

The main entrances to the Herodian Temple Mount were

1871:, who became an ambitious builder of public works in 838: 835: 14536:"Battle of the Bulge – Archaeology Magazine Archive" 12787:, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Israel. 11154: 10078:

Religion and the Arts, Volume 12. 2008. pp. 329–342.

9619: 7468: 6936: 6031:

Wiley/National Geographic College Atlas of the World

5871: 5551: 5549: 4637:

Bab al-Asbat (Gate of the Tribes); north-east corner

4528:

would enter Jerusalem. On the southern face are the

3905: 3882: 3868: 3716:

was also reconstructed. The project was paid for by

2661:

Some scholars point to the political motives of the

2495: 2272:, who believed the Dome of the Rock was the site of 2097: 2081: 1255: 824: 17933:

Ministry of Endowments and Islamic Affairs (Jordan)

15079:"Israeli lawmaker visits flashpoint religious site" 14184: 14071: 13899:"Researcher says found location of the Holy Temple" 13506: 12798:"Three Jews expelled from Temple Mount for praying" 12516: 12491: 11633:

Jerusalem Today: What Future for the Peace Process?

11595: 9736:"The Farthest Mosque must refer to the site of the 9074: 7015: 6948: 6817: 6806:reappears in the Mishnah. In the interim, the term 6636:"Israeli Police Storm Disputed Jerusalem Holy Site" 6356: 5585: 4839:, and arrowheads, mostly from the Crusader period. 4684: 3891:There have been several changes to the status quo: 3005: 2682:from Mecca to Jerusalem by creating a rival to the 2470:– a Jewish convert to Islam who came with him from 2240:, and Jerusalem's centrality was replaced by Rome. 1844:appeared on Araunah's threshing floor. The prophet 1568:; This term elevated the compound to the status of 1476: 1456: 829: 17675: 16730: 15594:, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005. 15288:Kingsley, Patrick; Abdulrahim, Raja (2022-04-15). 15287: 15240: 15060:"Half the Public Wants to See Holy Temple Rebuilt" 14804:"Jerusalem wall collapse sparks Jewish-Muslim row" 13232:party, and former Sefardi Chief Rabbi of Israel); 13137: 12900: 11985:Jerusalem Divided: The Armistice Regime, 1947–1967 11735:Meddeb, Abdelwahab; Stora, Benjamin (2013-11-27). 11703: 11465:The Temple of Jerusalem: Past, Present, and Future 10748:"Four Stages in the Evolution of the Temple Mount" 10553: 10368:Muqarnas, Vol. 10, Essays in Honor of Oleg Grabar, 9485:The Temple of Jerusalem: Past, Present, and Future 9461:, University of Oxford, 2009–2010 pp. 299–317, 300 9039: 8977:II Sam. xxiv. 16 et seq.; I Chron. xxi. 15 et seq. 8746: 8312: 8300: 6861:"Four stages in the evolution of the Temple Mount" 5685: 5629: 5484: 4243:In December 2013, the two Chief Rabbis of Israel, 2880:. Ritmeyer identifies specific courses of visible 17690: 17050:Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East 12500:Judah L. Magnes: An American Jewish Nonconformist 12497: 10556:Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions 9553:The Sixteenth Century Italian Paintings, Volume I 8701: 8351:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 371. 8107:. Cambridge Scholars Publisher. pp. 91–106. 8064:"The Haram al-Sharif: An Essay in Interpretation" 7376: 7374: 6194:Annika Björkdahl; Susanne Buckley-Zistel (2016). 6182:"Narratives of Jerusalem and its Sacred Compound" 6107:. ABC-CLIO history reference online. p. 70. 5546: 5365:"Narratives of Jerusalem and its Sacred Compound" 4419:, but now supplied from Jerusalem's water mains. 4037:Jewish religious law concerning entry to the site 3937:A security gate guarding the entrance to the site 2678:historian, as an Umayyad attempt to redirect the 1104:(which includes the Old City), was controlled by 905:in the first century BCE for an expansion of the 17889: 14786:"Middle East – Warning over Jerusalem holy site" 14463:Snyder, Frankie; Barkay, Gabriel; Dvira, Zachi. 12522: 11876: 11874: 11872: 11870: 11868: 11866: 11864: 11037:Understanding Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism 8319:Finkelstein, Horbury, Davies & Sturdy (1999) 7800: 6068:Kasolowsky, Raissa; Blair, Edmund (2023-04-06). 4730: 4697: 3651:, he brought 50 followers and introduced both a 3584:flying over the Temple Mount while it was under 1409:refers to the specific site of the silver-domed 1310:showing both "Mesjid el-Aksa" and "Jami el-Aksa" 859:, lit. 'The Furthest Mosque'), and sometimes as 15698:New Evidence of the Royal Stoa and Roman Flames 15664: 15423:. In Tamar Mayer and Suleiman A. Mourad (ed.). 13683:Jerusalem, 1000–1400: Every People Under Heaven 13680:Boehm, Barbara Drake; Holcomb, Melanie (2016). 13290:Thoughts on the 28th of Iyar – Yom Yerushalayim 13105: 13103: 13101: 13099: 12952:"Israel MPs mull Jewish prayer at al-Aqsa site" 12908:"Israel issues tender for new settlement units" 11791:The Haram ak-Sharif: An essay in interpretation 11582:. Princeton University Press. pp. 145–147. 10745: 10424:Wāqidī, Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar, or 748-823 (2011). 9605:. Oxford University Press Oxford. p. 136. 9586:Challenging Perspectives on the Gospel of John, 9508: 9318:The Talmud Yerushalmi and Graeco-Roman Culture, 8986: 8781: 6858: 6777:also debuted in the works of the prophets. The 5664: 5258:"New Jerusalem Finds Point to the Temple Mount" 5195:Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem holy sites 4468:due to its leaf-shaped plan, is also rock hewn. 3670:, trying to infiltrate the area to blow it up. 3016:Archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple 2956:; this is the same size later mentioned by the 2777:Archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple 2166:, which will be rebuilt with the coming of the 1583: 1376:, as well as 19th century American and British 893:The present site is a flat plaza surrounded by 15343: 13329: 12784:Jerusalem – The Legal and Political Background 11654: 11652: 11281: 11166: 10915: 9923:, ed. Izhak Hasson (Jerusalem, 1979) pp. 72ff. 9334:Josephus and the Theologies of Ancient Judaism 8184: 8011:The Marwani Musalla in Jerusalem: New Findings 7371: 6789:is a literary variation of a longer term, the 5910: 3434: 2654:A depiction of Muhammad's ascent to heaven by 2212:was the site of several events in the life of 1802:Jerusalem during the late Second Temple period 1497:to refer to the congregational mosque itself. 1342:– "the farthest mosque" – is derived from the 933:walls and gates, with additions from the late 17918:Jerusalem in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 17616: 16590: 15729: 14953:"Rabbi Shapira forbids visiting temple Mount" 14497:"Jerusalem, The Temple Mount Sifting Project" 14462: 13956:"Photograph of the inside of the Golden Gate" 11917: 11915: 11913: 11861: 11571: 10207: 10205: 8968:. King David later took the Ark to Jerusalem. 8528:. Oxford University Press. pp. 165–166. 7443: 7441: 7404: 7231: 6983:(tr. L. Ulman), Jerusalem, pp. 646–659 (Heb). 5014:, former Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel and 1746:, Jacob's dream, and the prayer of Isaac and 1601: 1524:(the official Hamas-run television channel), 1136:. Some Arab-Muslim commentators and scholars 805:: الحرم الشريف, lit. 'The Noble Sanctuary'), 750: 15592:Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land 14111:The Art and Architecture of Islam: 1250-1800 13679: 13581: 13319:"The Politics of Prayer at the Temple Mount" 13096: 13083: 13081: 13079: 13077: 13012:, Chapter 3; Shu"t Minchas Yitzchok, vol. 6. 12828:Protection of Civilians 16–29 September 2009 11880: 11525:. University of Texas Press. pp. 86–87. 11488: 10936: 10882: 10474:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 9551:. National Gallery Catalogues (new series): 9292:. University Press of America. p. 132. 8105:Geographical Dimensions of Islamic Jerusalem 7982:Jerusalem and Its Role in Islamic Solidarity 6981:History of the Jewish War Against the Romans 6495: 6232: 5525: 5523: 5415: 5163:Panorama of the Temple Mount, seen from the 4866:on the Temple Mount, collapsed. In 2007 the 3660:an Australian set fire to the Jami'a al-Aqsa 3398: 3381: 2377:as an Islamic shrine, as seen from the north 2091: 1493:. Other sources and maps have used the term 850: 16722:Co-Cathedral of the Most Holy Name of Jesus 15356:(3). University of Chicago Press: 150–160. 15344:Gibson, Shimon; Jacobson, David M. (1994). 15314: 15076: 14878:Rabbis split on Temple Mount synagogue plan 14494: 14150: 14078:. Oxford University Press. pp. 90–92. 13359: 13357: 13131: 13129: 13127: 13125: 12609: 12607: 11967: 11734: 11697: 11695: 11693: 11649: 11508: 11506: 11504: 11502: 11500: 11409: 10320:edited by Clifford Edmund Bosworth, p. 226. 10260:"The Umayyad Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem" 10088:Vuckovic, Brooke Olson (30 December 2004). 9627:Yarmuk AD 636: The Muslim Conquest of Syria 9555:, 2004, National Gallery Publications Ltd, 9380: 9378: 9206: 9204: 9042:"The Temple of Solomon in Iron Age Context" 8888: 8486: 8484: 7668:UNESCO World Heritage Centre (2022-04-04). 7227: 7225: 7223: 7221: 6145:UNESCO World Heritage Centre (2022-04-04). 5957: 5835: 5593:Yarmuk AD 636: The Muslim Conquest of Syria 5329:UNESCO World Heritage Centre (2022-04-04). 3553: 3458:The Crusader period began in 1099 with the 3187:in land purification ceremonies. After the 2365:Interior decoration of the Dome of the Rock 2353:Façade of al-Aqsa's main praying hall, the 2130:Picture showing what is presumed to be the 1038:, and one of the three Sacred Mosques, the 17938:National symbols of the State of Palestine 17666: 17630: 17623: 17609: 16597: 16583: 15743: 15736: 15722: 14101: 14060:, Mamluk Jerusalem: An Architectural Study 13760: 13244:(former Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel); 13090:Jewish Fundamentalism and the Temple Mount 12565: 12527:. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 382. 12502:. Syracuse University Press. p. 222. 12332: 12330: 11976: 11910: 11635:. Garnet & Ithaca Press. p. 116. 11591: 11589: 11542:. Gefen Publishing House Ltd. p. 29. 11493:. Princeton University Press. p. 143. 11085:"How Did the Temple Mount Fall to Pompey?" 11027: 10746:Patrich, Joseph; Edelcopp, Marcos (2013). 10478:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 10202: 10052:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World 9265:. Cambridge University Press. p. 45. 8753:. Syracuse University Press. p. 296. 8747:Marshall J., Breger; Ahimeir, Ora (2002). 8544:"UNESCO approves new Jerusalem resolution" 8344: 7971: 7969: 7967: 7965: 7837: 7520: 7438: 7380: 6859:Patrich, Joseph; Edelcopp, Marcos (2013). 5636:. Syracuse University Press. p. 296. 5630:Marshall J., Breger; Ahimeir, Ora (2002). 5461: 4987:Repairs to an earthen ramp leading to the 4097:There is debate over whether reports that 3989:Jewish attitudes towards entering the site 3901:Visits inside the mosques are not allowed. 2923:Persian, Hellenistic and Hasmonean periods 1867:was instead constructed under David's son 1680:proposed that the Old City be listed as a 1617: 1176:. The term remained in use throughout the 757: 743: 14357: 13713:. Harvard University Press. p. 110. 13630:. New York University Press. p. 86. 13535:"Dome of the Chain – Madain Project (en)" 13168:Rabbis who support this opinion include: 13074: 12874: 12406: 12076: 12074: 12072: 12070: 11761: 11461: 11388: 11033: 10859: 10329: 10140:British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 10133: 9988: 9986: 9844:, May 21, 2007. Retrieved July 12, 2007.) 9481: 9452: 9450: 9321:Mohr Siebeck, Volume 2, 2000, pp. 11–49 . 9214:Princeton University Press, 2000, p. 120. 9057: 8673:"The United States Withdraws From UNESCO" 8149: 8073:. Constructing the Study of Islamic Art. 7985:. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 21–23. 7807:. B&H Publishing Group. p. 404. 7260: 7258: 7256: 7177: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7135: 6294:. New York University Press. p. 81. 6283: 6281: 5917:Contested Holy Places in Israel–Palestine 5520: 3163:meant that the new city was dedicated to 3131:was built in 130 CE by the Roman emperor 2798:(r. 1479–1425 BCE) was discovered by the 2174:(Standing prayer), central prayer of the 1709: 1588:Some scholars have used the terms Sacred 15137: 14822:"Arabs Vandalize Judaism's Holiest Site" 14680: 14388: 14127:Mamluk Jerusalem: An Architectural Study 14123: 13891: 13851: 13737:Mamluk Jerusalem: An Architectural Study 13733: 13706: 13430: 13428: 13378: 13354: 13316: 13305:Rabbi Eliashiv: Don't go to Temple Mount 13172:, former Sefardi Chief Rabbi of Israel; 13122: 12604: 12572:. Oxford University Press. p. 133. 12357:"Provocative' mosque visit sparks riots" 12120: 11881:Meyer, Gedalia; Messner, Henoch (2010). 11690: 11497: 11425:. A&C Black. pp. 19–20, 26–29. 11362: 11006: 10588: 10551: 10545: 10087: 10022: 9992: 9812:. Religion Compass, 5(10), pp. 624–630, 9645:. Oxford University Press. p. 443. 9642:The Oxford History of the Biblical World 9375: 9285: 9262:The Theology of the Acts of the Apostles 9201: 8994: 8481: 8009:St Laurent, B., & Awwad, I. (2013). 7494: 7447: 7218: 7067: 6453:(2). Indiana University Press: 115–132. 6200:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 243–. 5884:The Struggle for Jerusalem's Holy Places 5383:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 243–. 4841: 4767: 4501: 4493: 4384: 4346: 4118: 3992: 3932: 3922: 3829: 3603: 3576: 3521: 3438: 3322: 3198: 3101: 3093: 2894: 2847: 2716: 2649: 2368: 2360: 2348: 2333: 2125: 2121: 1791: 1758:tradition maintains it is here that the 1621: 1499: 1352:("The Night Journey") which writes that 1301: 1010:tradition maintains it is here that the 15491: 15442: 14358:McCormack, Michael (February 8, 2005). 14191:. Oxford University Press. p. 90. 14097: 14095: 13857: 13619: 13617: 13513:. Oxford University Press. p. 98. 13502: 13500: 13498: 13496: 13384: 13135: 12613: 12379: 12327: 12109:Back to the ghetto: Zionism in retreat, 11982: 11940: 11710:. Princeton University Press. pp. 11673: 11663:. Simon & Schuster. pp. 81–82. 11586: 11567:. Oxford University Press. p. 205. 11512: 11187: 10967: 10381:Talhami, Ghada Hashem (February 2000). 10380: 10253: 10251: 10127: 9962: 9810:Jerusalem in Medieval Islamic Tradition 9686: 9337:. Oxford University Press. p. 13. 9330: 9258: 9157: 9155: 8855: 8853: 8837: 8835: 8782:Cohen-Hattab, Kobi; Bar, Doron (2020). 8608: 8520: 8318: 7962: 7908: 7801:Carpenter, E.E.; Comfort, P.W. (2000). 7544: 6582: 5665:Cohen-Hattab, Kobi; Bar, Doron (2020). 4722:Minarets of the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound 4056:in which it outlined this prohibition: 3791: 1935:its annexation as a Babylonian province 1895:entered the sanctuary once per year on 1536:are all named Al-Aqsa after this site. 1034:mosque compound, atop the site, is the 986:, in 957 BCE, and was destroyed by the 797:'Temple Mount'), also known as 17890: 17496: 16797: 15625: 15605: 15522: 15281: 15190: 15188: 15186: 14707: 14676: 14674: 14652: 14594: 14495:Dvira, Zachi; Barkay, Gabriel (2021). 14437: 14384: 14382: 14380: 14035:"Photograph of King Solomon's Stables" 13809:"Photograph of the northern wall area" 13650: 13434: 13087: 12619:"The "Status Quo" on the Temple Mount" 12547: 12479: 12385: 12302: 12067: 11764:Jerusalem Pilgrims before the Crusades 11701: 11686:. Yad Ben-Zvi Press. pp. 100–131. 11577: 11535: 11415: 11334: 11183: 11181: 11121: 10945:Jerusalem, an Archaeological Biography 10942: 10741: 10739: 10733:, Atlanta, Georgia, 2003, pp. 103–115. 10725: 10723: 10721: 10423: 10342:from the original on 12 September 2006 10257: 10185: 10183: 10181: 9983: 9804: 9802: 9694:Bayt al-Maqdis: An Islamic Perspective 9638: 9447: 9399: 9161: 9080: 9027: 8965: 8810:"BBC – Science & Nature – Horizon" 8438: 8345:Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2011-10-25). 8306: 8131: 8098: 8058: 8026: 7305: 7303: 7264: 7253: 7181: 7168: 6993: 6991: 6989: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6848: 6846: 6844: 6657: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6608: 6538: 6441: 6278: 6062: 6060: 5706: 5555: 5490: 4548:, and only rediscovered by Warren, is 3318: 3210:Jacobite Christians of the Syrian rite 3122: 3024:further expanded the Temple Mount and 2884:located to the north and south of the 2514:(בית המקדש), the Temple in Jerusalem. 1832:, conquered Jerusalem and brought the 1694:On 26 October 2016, UNESCO passed the 1516:(the uprising of September 2000), the 1200:reached different conclusions. In the 44:Jerusalem's sacred (or holy) esplanade 17604: 16578: 15717: 15590:Negev, Avraham & Gibson, Shimon. 15462: 15418: 15395: 14934:"A provocation in religious clothing" 14620: 14065: 13623: 13425: 13144:. Cornell University Press. pp. 13109: 12968: 12569:State succession in cultural property 12080: 12057: 11658: 11630: 11562: 11160: 11082: 10883:Geva, Hillel; De Groot, Alon (2017). 10784: 10582: 10534:from the original on 17 November 2020 10318:Historic Cities of the Islamic World, 10212:Colby, Frederick S. (6 August 2008). 10211: 10023:Vuckovic, Brooke Olson (2003-12-01). 9665: 9403:Eusebius of Caesarea Against Paganism 8374:"Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls" 8294: 8216: 8178: 7861: 7847:. Houghton, Mifflin. pp. 94–96. 7021: 6954: 6942: 6897: 6823: 6770: 6502:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 151–. 6382: 6323: 6239:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 151–. 6023: 6021: 6019: 5919:. London: Routledge. pp. 20–50. 5694: 5539:. Nehru Memorial Museum and Library. 5529: 5477:. Nehru Memorial Museum and Library. 5467: 5422:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 151–. 5179:List of national symbols of Palestine 3616:, Israeli forces advanced beyond the 3258:During his excavations in the 1930s, 3072:constructed the road during the 30s. 2948:as 50x50 cubits, was attained by the 1238: 878:for thousands of years, including in 16134:The Western Wall Heritage Foundation 15559:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. 15419:——— (9 May 2008). 14950: 14913: 14876:Wagner, Matthew (October 10, 2006). 14710:"Jerusalem Holy Site Dig Questioned" 14653:Fendel, Hillel (September 9, 2007). 14646: 14260: 14092: 13614: 13493: 12367:from the original on 29 January 2019 11468:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 156. 11009:"Locating the Original Temple Mount" 10552:Doninger, Wendy (1 September 1999). 10521: 10504:from the original on 2 February 2022 10248: 10043: 9956: 9598: 9537:Iconography of Christian Art, Vol. I 9488:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 158. 9426: 9152: 8930: 8906: 8875: 8850: 8832: 8740: 8714:from the original on 21 October 2017 8653:from the original on 18 October 2016 8621:from the original on 18 October 2016 8590:from the original on 16 October 2016 8554:from the original on 27 October 2016 8502:from the original on 21 October 2016 7319: 7092: 7038:(courtyard) in Hebrew, or the Greek 6773:, p. 50-51: "The pair of words 5999: 5975: 5947: 5836:Reich, Ronny; Baruch, Yuval (2016). 5658: 4775:of Temple Mount, southwestern corner 4454:was located at the northwestern end. 4238:Laws of the Chosen House ch 7 Law 15 4171:However, there is a growing body of 3820: 3227:in 325 CE on orders of Constantine. 3194: 1812:, the Temple Mount was originally a 1271:mentioned in the later parts of the 1100:. The site, along with the whole of 778: 345:Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem 137: 17943:Tabernacle and Temples in Jerusalem 16813:Church of Saint Mary of the Germans 15510: 15396:Eliav, Yaron Z. (7 November 2005). 15269:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com 15257: 15183: 15077:Fisher-Ilan, Allyn (20 July 2010). 15001:"Arrests at holy site in Jerusalem" 14701: 14671: 14595:Fendel, Hillel (February 7, 2007). 14438:Amanda, Borschel-Dan (2019-07-09). 14377: 14124:Burgoyne, Michael Hamilton (1987). 14006:"Photograph of one of the chambers 13734:Burgoyne, Michael Hamilton (1987). 13435:Sharon, Jeremy (December 2, 2013). 13220:(Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel); 12771:Preservation of the Holy Places Law 12427:from the original on 30 August 2008 12254:(London: Quartet, 1992) pp. 24–99'. 12168:Palestine Facts Timeline, 1963–1988 12015: 11843:Decoding the Past: The Templar Code 11832: 11811: 11275: 11178: 10736: 10718: 10696: 10178: 9880:A Brief Guide to al-Haram al-Sharif 9799: 8921:'Jews Don’t Have a ‘Holiest’ Site,' 8775: 8609:Eichner, Itamar (13 October 2016). 8222: 8132:Wazeri, Yehia Hassan (2014-02-20). 7777:. Simon and Schuster. p. 151. 7713:(3). Duke University Press: 55–82. 7329:. Atlas Travel and Tourist Agency. 7300: 7086: 6986: 6841: 6646: 6583:Gilbert, Lela (21 September 2015). 6057: 5990:'Jews Don’t Have a ‘Holiest’ Site,' 5623: 5268: 4947:, a member of the Knesset from the 4857:floors of the Herodian period plaza 3624:territories, taking control of the 3572: 3485:In 1187, once he retook Jerusalem, 3399: 3382: 3253: 3012:Second Temple § Herod's Temple 2805: 2765:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 2758: 2092: 2077: 2055: 1856:and house the Ark of the Covenant; 1716:Religious significance of Jerusalem 1614:and by the UN's subsidiary organs. 1557: 1335: 1323: 1251: 1229:Palestinian Liberation Organization 851: 13: 16820:Church of Saint Mary of the Latins 15402:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 15163: 13981:"image of the double gate passage" 12656: 12394:from the original on 28 March 2006 11793:, BRIIFS vol. 2 no 2 (Autumn 2000) 11777:The Dome of the Rock as Palimpsest 11661:The Illustrated Atlas of Jerusalem 11389:Incigneri, Brian J. (2003-01-01). 10921:Leen Ritmeyer, Kathleen Ritmeyer, 10330:Silverman, Jonathan (6 May 2005). 10134:el-Khatib, Abdallah (1 May 2001). 8371: 6101:Tucker, S.C.; Roberts, P. (2008). 6016: 5606:"Temple Mount/Al Haram Ash Sharif" 5286:Tucker, S.C.; Roberts, P. (2008). 4814:Israeli organizations such as the 4524:, through which legend states the 4401:The lower platform also houses an 3799: 3273: 2529: 2421:ascension to heaven from Jerusalem 1921:under the second Babylonian king, 1539: 1108:from 1948 until 1967 and has been 901:), which were originally built by 14: 17954: 17528:Remnants or rebuilt buildings in 15686: 15606:Pruitt, Sarah (10 January 2014). 15589: 15417: 15394: 15106: 14897:"UK News, World News and Opinion" 14759: 14734: 14621:Weiss, Efrat (February 7, 2007). 14533: 14289:. Al-Ahram Weekly. Archived from 13335: 13224:(Sefardi Chief Rabbi of Israel); 12525:Jerusalem: One City, Three Faiths 12363:. BBC MMVIII. 28 September 2000. 12197:. October 8, 1990. Archived from 11172: 11007:Ritmeyer, Leen (24 August 2015). 10232:from the original on 15 July 2020 9855:The Temples of Jerusalem in Islam 9756:about 1004 BCE; destroyed by the 9639:Coogan, Michael D. (2001-06-07). 8531:Al-Aqsa Mosque" occurred in 2014. 7959:map of the Old City of Jerusalem. 7606:"Al-Aqsa Mosque: Do Not Intrude!" 7426:Williams, G.; Willis, R. (1849). 7390:. Houghton, Mifflin. p. 96. 7333:from the original on 26 July 2008 7118:Carman, John; Turek, Jan (2016). 6791:mountain of the House of the Lord 6395:(1). Berghahn Books: 1, 8–9, 17. 6344:from the original on 15 July 2020 5000:Right-wing Jews ascend the Mount: 4536:(which has three arches) and the 4380: 4286:The upper platform surrounds the 4281: 4126:visiting the Temple Mount during 3977:during the Islamic holy month of 3628:, inclusive of the Temple Mount. 3599: 3513: 3408: 3284:Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 2452: 1965:, producing what is known as the 1372:and 15th-century Islamic scholar 1297: 1118:Jordanian Hashemite custodianship 17583: 17571: 17559: 17547: 17535: 17113: 16927:Church of Saint John the Baptist 16807:Church of Saint James Intercisus 16559: 16558: 15608:"Fate of the Lost Ark Revealed?" 15523:Jonker, Louis (6 January 1990). 15445:The Cambridge History of Judaism 15234: 15213: 15157: 15131: 15100: 15070: 15052: 15036: 15018: 14993: 14980:Kyzer, Liel (October 25, 2009). 14974: 14944: 14926: 14907: 14889: 14870: 14854:. 9 October 2006. Archived from 14840: 14814: 14796: 14778: 14753: 14728: 14681:Rapoport, Meron (July 7, 2007). 14614: 14588: 14570: 14552: 14527: 14488: 14456: 14431: 14407: 14351: 14324: 14297: 14279: 14254: 14241: 14223: 14205: 14185:Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome (2008). 14178: 14144: 14117: 14072:Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome (2008). 14052: 14027: 13998: 13973: 13948: 13923: 13826: 13801: 13754: 13727: 13700: 13673: 13644: 13575: 13551: 13527: 13507:Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome (2008). 13469: 13447: 13400: 13310: 13278: 13210: 13162: 13051: 13035: 13015: 13003: 12979: 12962: 12944: 12926: 12844: 12820: 12803: 12790: 12776: 12764: 12738: 12713: 12687: 12669: 12650: 12625: 12586: 12559: 12541: 12473: 12448: 12439: 12349: 12289: 12257: 12213: 12183: 12161: 12141: 12114: 12101: 12009: 11934: 11848: 11805: 11782: 11770: 11755: 11728: 11667: 11624: 11556: 11529: 11482: 11455: 11439: 11382: 11356: 11328: 11319: 11310: 11228: 11216: 11140:10.1628/094457014x14056845341069 11115: 11076: 11058: 11000: 10961: 10947:. Random House. pp. 47–65. 10876: 10848:The Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 10835: 10826: 10817: 10778: 10690: 10672:Second Islamic Summit Conference 10660: 10651: 10642: 10633: 10624: 10612: 10515: 10486: 10452:from the original on 30 May 2022 10417: 10374: 10354: 10323: 10311: 10294: 10110: 10081: 10072: 10016: 9939: 9926: 9913: 9873: 9847: 9823: 9818:10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00305.x 9730: 9706: 9659: 9632: 9592: 9589:Mohr Siebeck, 2006, pp. 69–108 . 9577: 9566: 9529: 9502: 9475: 9466: 9420: 9393: 9363: 9351: 9331:Klawans, Jonathan (2013-01-10). 9324: 9306: 9279: 9252: 9236: 9217: 9190: 9123: 9114: 9086: 9033: 8971: 8959: 8947: 8861:"Jerusalem: Eye of the Universe" 8820: 8750:Jerusalem: A City and Its Future 8726: 8695: 8232:Journal of Modern Jewish Studies 7680:from the original on 30 May 2022 7604:Abu-Sway, Mustafa (2013-03-31). 7235:Biblical Researches in Palestine 7232:Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). 5633:Jerusalem: A City and Its Future 5152: 4983:Mugrabi Gate ramp reconstruction 4893: 4853:with the reconstructions of the 4747:Islamization of the Temple Mount 4685:Solomon's Stables/Marwani Mosque 4234:Islamization of the Temple Mount 4085:Istanbul's Museum of Antiquities 3873:. This procedure ended when the 3779:and the condemnation of several 3497: 3006:Herodian and early Roman periods 2781: 2604:in the Qur'an. According to the 1689:List of World Heritage in Danger 1671: 817: 213: 136: 129: 49: 16261:Urn for ashes of the Red Heifer 15089:from the original on 2015-10-16 14708:Teible, Amy (August 31, 2007). 14362:. Baptist Press. Archived from 13858:Kaufman, Asher (May 23, 1991). 13408:"The Temple Mount:Mount Moriah" 13112:Jewish Political Studies Review 13010:Sefer HaCharedim Mitzvat Tshuva 12938:The Whole World is a Playground 12273:. July 19, 1991. Archived from 11931:, Jordanian government website. 11034:Schiffman, Lawrence H. (2003). 8665: 8633: 8602: 8566: 8536: 8514: 8451: 8432: 8411: 8390: 8372:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. 8365: 8338: 8324: 8258: 8138:Journal of Islamic Architecture 8125: 8092: 8052: 8020: 8003: 7949: 7902: 7855: 7831: 7596: 7514: 7495:Abu Sway, Mustafa (Fall 2000). 7488: 7398: 7345: 7270:Palestine Exploration Quarterly 7206: 7111: 7061: 7049: 7003: 6973: 6960: 6743: 6690: 6628: 6609:Yashar, Ari (28 October 2015). 6602: 6576: 6558: 6532: 6485: 6435: 6376: 6317: 5904: 5829: 5788: 5759: 5700: 5229: 4737:Excavations at the Temple Mount 3929:Temple Mount entry restrictions 3704:and over 100 others injured by 3673:On 15 January 1988, during the 3472:Warmund, Patriarch of Jerusalem 3280:Jewish revolt against Heraclius 3075:During the early phases of the 2706:, 18 miles northeast of Mecca. 2185: 2157: 1750:. According to the Talmud, the 1151: 1062:the third holiest site in Islam 17365:Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque 16779:Convent of the Sisters of Zion 16750:Monastery of the Flagellation 15700:. Biblical Archaeology Review. 15626:Stefon, Matt (30 April 2020). 15570: 15043:Clashes erupt at Aqsa compound 14332:"Mayor halts Temple Mount dig" 14058:M. H. Burgoyne, D. S. Richards 13686:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 13190:Mikdash-Build (Vol. I, No. 26) 13044:. "Islam on the Temple Mount" 12637:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com 12121:Seliktar, Ofira (2015-05-22). 12111:Prometheus Books 1988, p. 108. 11222: 10598:. Cambridge University Press. 10002:. Cambridge University Press. 9744:, at or near which stands the 8903:, Avoda, Beit haBechira, 6:14. 7621:Omar, Abdallah Marouf (2017). 6697:Omar, Abdallah Marouf (2017). 6459:10.2979/israelstudies.18.2.115 5972:, Avoda, Beit haBechira, 6:14. 5598: 5250: 5049:Temple Mount cable replacement 4498:The eastern set of Hulda gates 3526:Temple Mount, photographed by 2712: 2027: 1413:building, also referred to as 1127: 923:praying hall of al-Aqsa Mosque 1: 16971:Church of the Holy Archangels 16874:Church of Our Lady of Sorrows 16856:Cathedral of the Annunciation 16521:Status quo of Holy Land sites 15427:. Routledge. pp. 47–66. 14623:"Syria slams Jerusalem works" 13582:Rosen-Ayalon, Myriam (1989). 13216:These rabbis include: Rabbis 13092:. SUNY Press. pp. 22–24. 12811:Heavy security around al-Aqsa 12084:Jerusalem: The Contested City 12022:. McFarland. pp. 140ff. 11610:10.1080/03344355.2018.1412057 11253:10.1080/03344355.2019.1650491 9963:Carroll, James (2011-03-09). 9764:about 586 BCE; rebuilt under 9259:Jervell, Jacob (1996-05-16). 8439:Sharaf, Nabil (15 May 2023). 8103:. In Khalid El-Awaisi (ed.). 8031:. In Necipoğlu, Gülru (ed.). 7244:and precincts, including the 7093:Zion, Ilan Ben (2022-03-07). 6664:. Routledge. pp. 21–23. 6539:Lieber, Dov (July 20, 2017). 5911:Yitzhak Reiter (2017-04-07). 5217: 4731:Archaeology, site alterations 4698:Northern and western porticos 3786: 3618:1949 Armistice Agreement Line 3245:Constantine's nephew Emperor 2630:Narrated Jabir bin `Abdullah: 2492:considered a prophet in Islam 2338: 1959:Persian provincial governance 1927:exiled the Judeans to Babylon 1781: 1696:Occupied Palestine Resolution 1642:extended the Mount's natural 1284: 1036:second oldest mosque in Islam 874:that has been venerated as a 17081:Protestant Church in Germany 16662:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 16436:Temple Mount Sifting Project 15709:Temple Mount Sifting Project 14287:"Revoking the death warrant" 13868:. p. 13. Archived from 13655:. In Marsham, Andrew (ed.). 13651:Mourad, Sulaiman A. (2020). 13188:, Chief Rabbi of Palestine ( 12566:Jakubowski, Andrzej (2015). 12087:. C. Hurst. pp. 54–63. 12016:New, David S. (2015-10-03). 11941:Wallach, Yair (2021-05-13). 11779:, Necipoglu, Muqarnas, 2008. 11282:Maclean Rogers, Guy (2021). 10923:Jerusalem; The Temple Mount, 10704:Biblical Archaeology Society 10697:Ngo, Robin (26 April 2016). 10393:(14). Blackwell Publishing. 9740:in Jerusalem on the hill of 9666:Frank, Daniel (2004-01-01). 8378:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 8332:"Temple Mount – Other sites" 8244:10.1080/14725886.2012.689206 7674:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 7457:. Parker. pp. 143–160. 6324:Colby, Frederick S. (2008). 6151:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 5707:Sporty, Lawrence D. (1990). 5416:Tim Marshall (4 July 2017). 5335:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 5243: 5211:Temple Mount Sifting Project 4868:Israel Antiquities Authority 4821:Temple Mount Sifting Project 4276:largest mosques in the world 4263: 3771:visited the Temple Mount in 3298:Sassanid Jewish Commonwealth 3108:Trumpeting Place inscription 3089:Trumpeting Place inscription 3083:reached Jerusalem and began 2909:was destroyed in 587/586 BCE 2858:Temple Mount Sifting Project 2856:, was discovered during the 2800:Temple Mount Sifting Project 2460:Muslim conquest of Jerusalem 2395:Holiest sites in Sunni Islam 2238:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 1915:was destroyed in 587/586 BCE 1584:Jerusalem's sacred esplanade 1134:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 1122:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 1050:largest mosques in the world 786: 523:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 7: 17908:Historic sites in Jerusalem 16688:New Church of the Theotokos 16462:Assassination of Abdullah I 16094:Holyland Model of Jerusalem 15497:Reclaiming the Temple Mount 15425:Jerusalem: Idea and Reality 15025:Jerusalem holy site stormed 14951:Sela, Neta (May 16, 2007). 14263:"Temple Mount in Jerusalem" 14010:the Triple Gate passageway" 13466:29 October 2015. In Arabic. 13046:Biblical Archaeology Review 11565:Palestine in Late Antiquity 11462:Lundquist, John M. (2008). 11013:Biblical Archaeology Review 10968:Gershom, Gorenberg (2014). 9921:Fada'il al Bayt al-Muqaddas 9482:Lundquist, John M. (2008). 9427:Avni, Gideon (2014-01-30). 9390:, Brill, 2013, pp. 87–114 . 7327:"Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem" 6904:Hebrew Union College Annual 6188:18(2): 115–132 (July 2013). 6093:Where Heaven and Earth Meet 5371:18(2): 115–132 (July 2013). 5278:Where Heaven and Earth Meet 5171: 5145: 4715: 4258: 3906: 3883: 3869: 3702:22 Palestinians were killed 3612:On 7 June 1967, during the 3508:Sabil (fountain) of Qaytbay 3435:Crusader and Ayyubid period 2733:in 624; it thus became the 2496: 2423:, and served as the first " 2413:third holiest site in Islam 2399:Holiest sites in Shia Islam 2341:300,000 Muslims praying at 2311:), to which Jesus replies: 2098: 2082: 1798:Holyland Model of Jerusalem 1477: 1461:(equivalent to Masjid) and 1457: 1256: 1204:, edited at the end of the 1071:, and served as the first " 1060:Muslims alike, it ranks as 16:Religious site in Jerusalem 10: 17959: 17225:Surrounding streets, roads 16759:Church of the Flagellation 16754:Church of the Condemnation 16746:Monastery of Saint Saviour 16484:2015–2016 wave of violence 16213:Pro–Wailing Wall Committee 16099:Schick models of Jerusalem 15449:Cambridge University Press 15350:The Biblical Archaeologist 15336: 14914:Sela, Neta (13 May 2007). 13761:Neci̇poğlu, Gülru (2008). 13710:Jerusalem: City of Longing 13659:. Routledge. p. 396. 12975:. Oxford University Press. 12498:Kotzin, Daniel P. (2010). 12127:. Routledge. p. 267. 10974:. Free Press. p. 78. 10889:Israel Exploration Journal 10387:Middle East Policy Journal 10332:"The opposite of holiness" 10218:. SUNY Press. p. 15. 10192:The Encyclopaedia of Islam 9286:Anderson, Jeff S. (2002). 9108:Britannica: Holy of Holies 7470:von Hammer-Purgstall, J.F. 7120:"Looking Back and Forward" 6330:. SUNY Press. p. 15. 5713:The Biblical Archaeologist 4740: 4734: 4719: 4626: 4487: 4062: 4043:Temple Warning inscription 4040: 3947:Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem 3926: 3722:Israel–Jordan peace treaty 3645:reunification of Jerusalem 3557: 3544:Palestine Exploration Fund 3277: 3110:, a stone (2.43x1 m) with 3009: 2926: 2809: 2774: 2770: 2610:Jewish Temple in Jerusalem 2464:Caliph 'Omar ibn al Khatab 2392: 2386: 2380: 2189: 1982:Three Pilgrimage Festivals 1949:that was issued after the 1929:following the fall of the 1785: 1731: 1727: 1713: 1602:Jerusalem's Holy Esplanade 1534:Islamic Movement in Israel 1368:, 12th-century geographer 1196:and later Talmudic texts. 75:740 m (2,430 ft) 17835: 17797: 17771: 17760: 17642: 17524: 17507:Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue 17468:Four Sephardic Synagogues 17446: 17415: 17392: 17349: 17280: 17261: 17112: 17107: 17070: 17039: 17030: 17002: 16984: 16950: 16939: 16900: 16882: 16864: 16840: 16789:Church of the Holy Family 16766:Chapel of Simon of Cyrene 16706: 16697: 16650: 16641: 16620: 16554: 16513: 16449: 16421: 16372: 16306: 16280: 16273: 16233: 16172: 16114: 16005: 15998: 15956: 15913: 15867: 15841: 15785: 15764: 15755: 13779:10.1163/22118993_02501004 12833:24 September 2015 at the 12523:Armstrong, Karen (2011). 12173:29 September 2008 at the 11450:Constantine and Eusebius, 11089:Journal of Jewish Studies 10528:www.moroccoworldnews.com/ 10152:10.1080/13530190120034549 10136:"Jerusalem in the Qur'ān" 9884:booklet published in 1925 9699:10 September 2008 at the 9007:Easton's Bible Dictionary 8881:Baker, Eric W. 8445:Arab Center Washington DC 8200:University of Texas Press 7670:"39 COM 7A.27 – Decision" 7563:10.1017/S0035869X00019420 7137:10.1007/s11759-017-9304-z 6968:New Studies on Jerusalem, 6147:"39 COM 7A.27 – Decision" 5331:"39 COM 7A.27 – Decision" 4629:Gates of the Temple Mount 4490:Gates of the Temple Mount 4290:, beneath which lies the 4051:. Persons suffering from 3534:In 1867, a team from the 3446:, assigning the captured 2982:on the Hasmonean throne. 2192:Jerusalem in Christianity 1824:. The Bible narrates how 1558:اَلْـحَـرَم الـشَّـرِيْـف 1518:al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades 1466: 1446: 1212:was constructed on Mount 919:the city's capture in 637 180: 175: 161: 123: 118: 79: 69: 64: 48: 28: 23: 16966:Cathedral of Saint James 16339:Monastery of the Virgins 15576:The Mountain of the Lord 15554: 13931:"Under the Temple Mount" 13707:Goldhill, Simon (2010). 13286:Yaakov Yisrael Kanievsky 13136:Hassner, Ron E. (2009). 12548:Reiter, Yitzhak (2017). 12480:Reiter, Yitzhak (2017). 12445:Dean, 2003, p. 560. 12315:15 November 2008 at the 12081:Klein, Menachem (2001). 11762:Wilkinson, John (2002). 11536:Har-El, Menashe (2004). 11369:"Aelia Capitolina" 11128:Jewish Studies Quarterly 10943:Shanks, Hershel (1995). 10925:Carta, Jerusalem, 2015, 10861:10.5508/jhs.2011.v11.a12 10029:. Taylor & Francis. 9831:Status of Al-Aqsa Mosque 9752:are: It was finished by 8677:U.S. Department of State 8348:Jerusalem: The Biography 7927:10.1179/175638009x427620 7909:Salameh, Khader (2009). 7862:Yavuz, Yildirim (1996). 7759:16 February 2020 at the 7719:10.1215/01642472-8352247 7610:Palestine-Israel Journal 7545:Strange, Guy le (1887). 7024:, p. 54: "The name 6898:Eliav, Yaron Z. (2003). 6658:Reiter, Yitzhak (2017). 5887:. Routledge. p. 9. 5222: 4751:Judaization of Jerusalem 4483: 4452:altar of burnt offerings 3554:British Mandatory period 3397:, built al-Aqsa Mosque ( 2790:. An amulet bearing the 2577:and led them in prayer: 2357:, viewed from the north. 2329: 1836:' central artifact, the 1491:Great Mosque of Kairouan 1336:ٱلْـجَـامِـع الْأَقْـصّى 1263:Several passages in the 596:Greek Orthodox Patriarch 17566:Christianity portal 17488:Ohel Yitzchak Synagogue 17213:Double, Single, Tanners 16994:Monastery of Saint Mark 16526:Hashemite custodianship 16431:Archaeological remnants 16185:Western Wall Commission 15849:Fountain of Qasim Pasha 15670:Encyclopædia Britannica 15651:Encyclopædia Britannica 15632:Encyclopædia Britannica 15557:The Temple of Jerusalem 15499:, HaMeir L'David, 2006 14540:archive.archaeology.org 13390:"In the Holy of Holies" 13370:March 10, 2010, at the 13317:Margalit, Ruth (2014). 13295:March 10, 2010, at the 12969:Danby, Herbert (1933). 11375:Encyclopædia Britannica 11188:Feissel, Denis (2010). 10668:"Resolution No. 2/2-IS" 10056:Macmillan Reference USA 9794:Commentary on the Koran 9780:, 167 BCE; restored by 9625:Nicolle, David (1994). 9162:Levine, Lee I. (2002). 8099:Schick, Robert (2009). 7310:PEF Survey of Palestine 7182:Pixner, Bargil (2010). 7068:Ynetnews (2014-11-06). 6401:10.3167/isr.2017.320102 6168:PEF Survey of Palestine 5925:10.4324/9781315277271-3 5591:Nicolle, David (1994). 5351:PEF Survey of Palestine 4622:Open gates of the Haram 4306:known in Arabic as the 3969:the mount resulting in 3775:, sparking protests by 3726:Jordanian custodianship 3631:The Chief Rabbi of the 3468:Baldwin II of Jerusalem 3444:Baldwin II of Jerusalem 2668:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr 2146:, which sits below the 2134:, or a large part of it 2102:) is the name given by 1830:twelve Israelite tribes 1762:will be built when the 1618:Location and dimensions 1364:, 11th-century scholar 1281:First Book of Maccabees 1275:(Isaiah 60:14), in the 1192:is used throughout the 1014:will be built when the 992:together with Jerusalem 807:al-Aqsa Mosque compound 59:, atop the Temple Mount 40:Al-Aqsa mosque compound 17903:Mountains of Jerusalem 17868:Joshua the High Priest 17473:Ohr ha-Chaim Synagogue 17089:Church of the Redeemer 16672:Chapel of Saint Helena 16472:Al-Aqsa Mosque clashes 15964:Jerusalem Islamic Waqf 14389:Borschel-Dan, Amanda. 14261:Schaalje, Jacqueline. 13284:These rabbis include: 13176:, rosh yeshiva of the 13088:Inbari, Motti (2009). 11702:Peters, F. E. (1985). 11578:Peters, F. E. (1985). 11563:Sivan, Hagith (2008). 11395:. BRILL. p. 192. 11122:Sharon, Nadav (2014). 11101:10.18647/1998/JJS-1997 11019:(2) (published 1992). 10785:Rocca, Samuel (2010). 10752:Revue Biblique (1946–) 9672:. BRILL. p. 209. 9406:. BRILL. p. 303. 9400:Kofsky, Arieh (2000). 8710:. The New York Times. 8151:10.18860/jia.v2i3.2462 8027:Jarrar, Sabri (1998). 7641:10.25253/99.2017193.05 7478:Fundgruben des Orients 7410:Jaubert, Pierre Amédée 6865:Revue Biblique (1946–) 6753:. BBC News. 2016-10-14 6717:10.25253/99.2017193.05 6383:Cohen, Hillel (2017). 5842:Revue Biblique (1946–) 5139:Al-Aqsa Mosque clashes 5126:Al-Aqsa Mosque clashes 4991:sparked Arab protests. 4879:Muslim religious trust 4858: 4776: 4510: 4499: 4394: 4356: 4135:Chief Rabbis of Israel 4130: 4080: 4006: 3938: 3858: 3815:Jerusalem Islamic Waqf 3811:Supreme Muslim Council 3633:Israeli Defense Forces 3609: 3589: 3531: 3455: 3334: 3315:took the city in 637. 3238:, since decades later 3225:First Council of Nicea 3204: 3119: 3099: 3077:First Jewish-Roman War 3032:in the ancient world. 2904: 2865: 2722: 2721:Al-Aqsa Mosque in 2019 2658: 2648: 2606:Encyclopaedia of Islam 2598: 2526:sanctified in Aelia." 2389:Holiest sites in Islam 2378: 2366: 2358: 2346: 2324: 2266:Baldwin I of Jerusalem 2228:over Judaism with the 2164:Third and final Temple 2135: 2053: 2006:First Jewish-Roman War 1888: 1805: 1760:third and final Temple 1710:Religious significance 1627: 1509: 1324:ٱلْمَسْجِد ٱلْأَقْصَىٰ 1311: 1288: 2nd century BCE 1225:Jerusalem Islamic Waqf 1098:Jerusalem Islamic Waqf 1087:Palestinian Christians 1040:holiest sites in Islam 1012:third and final Temple 622:Religious significance 17336:Madrasa Al-Ashrafiyya 17301:Dome of the Ascension 16976:Church of Saint Toros 16203:Temple Mount Faithful 15793:Dome of the Ascension 15666:"Temple of Jerusalem" 15463:Gonen, Rivka (2003). 14247:National Geographic, 13875:on September 30, 2007 13365:Yated Ne'eman article 13301:Yosef Sholom Eliashiv 13186:Avraham Yitzchak Kook 13174:Zalman Baruch Melamed 13140:War on Sacred Grounds 12991:www.perseus.tufts.edu 12750:www.timesofisrael.com 12699:www.timesofisrael.com 12617:(November 13, 2014). 12414:"In a Ruined Country" 11631:Karmi, Ghada (1997). 11489:F. E. Peters (1985). 11042:KTAV Publishing House 10258:Grabar, Oleg (1959). 9868:, November 12, 1998.) 9599:Avni, Gideon (2014). 9228:'Apocalypse Soonest,' 7771:Tim Marshall (2017). 7530:. Houghton, Mifflin. 6787:Mountain of the House 6496:Tim Marshall (2017). 6389:Israel Studies Review 6233:Tim Marshall (2017). 6034:. Wiley. p. 49. 5556:Weaver, A.E. (2018). 5491:Weaver, A.E. (2018). 5104:Temple Mount shooting 5081:A public opinion poll 5033:Yosef Shalom Eliashiv 4966:Abdullah II of Jordan 4845: 4771: 4505: 4497: 4388: 4350: 4268:The large courtyard ( 4139:Isser Yehuda Unterman 4122: 4067:ΡΙΤΟΙΕΡΟΝΤΡΥΦΑΚΤΟΥΚΑΙ 4058: 3996: 3936: 3923:Management and access 3910:guards and policemen. 3862:Temple Mount Faithful 3853: 3834:A few days after the 3830:Under Israeli control 3710:Temple Mount Faithful 3706:Israeli Border Police 3626:Old City of Jerusalem 3607: 3580: 3525: 3504:al-Ashrafiyya Madrasa 3442: 3326: 3202: 3105: 3097: 2913:Neo-Babylonian Empire 2898: 2851: 2802:at the site in 2012. 2720: 2653: 2628: 2579: 2563:Great Mosque of Mecca 2372: 2364: 2352: 2337: 2313: 2289:circumcision of Jesus 2220:and the sages of the 2129: 2122:Creation of the world 2038: 2004:at the height of the 1919:Neo-Babylonian Empire 1893:High Priest of Israel 1877: 1795: 1648:Old City of Jerusalem 1625: 1544:During the period of 1503: 1411:congregational mosque 1395:, the fountains, the 1305: 988:Neo-Babylonian Empire 103:31.77806°N 35.23583°E 17873:Esther and Mordechai 17554:Palestine portal 17478:Tzuf Dvash Synagogue 16784:Church of Saint Anne 16198:The Temple Institute 15970:Al-Aqsa is in danger 15854:Fountain of Qayt Bay 15529:Old Testament Essays 13234:Eliyahu Bakshi-Doron 12683:. September 9, 2015. 12419:The Atlantic Monthly 12386:Abu Toameh, Khaled. 12153:28 June 2011 at the 11814:"Birth of the Order" 10657:Asali, 1990, p. 105. 9629:. Osprey Publishing. 8913:Sidra DeKoven Ezrahi 7314:volume III Jerusalem 7282:10.1179/peq.1871.012 7189:Paths of the Messiah 6642:on October 31, 2009. 6172:volume III Jerusalem 5982:Sidra DeKoven Ezrahi 5595:. Osprey Publishing. 5355:volume III Jerusalem 5200:Jerusalem in Judaism 4949:National Union party 4903:Partially collapsed 4546:Western Wall Tunnels 3807:1929 Palestine riots 3792:Under Muslim control 3560:1929 Palestine riots 3542:and financed by the 3538:, led by Lieutenant 3415:as recounted in the 3147:came from Hadrian's 2933:Construction of the 2860:. It bears the name 2276:, gave it the name " 2180:sacrificial services 1974:Second Temple Period 1945:by the Persian king 1734:Jerusalem in Judaism 1489:in Damascus and the 1178:Second Temple period 1000:ultimately destroyed 907:Second Jewish Temple 258:Second Temple Period 17438:Little Western Wall 17433:Western Wall Tunnel 17321:Dome of the Prophet 16634:Sorted by religions 16625:World Heritage Site 16298:Hall of Hewn Stones 16208:Platoon of the Wall 16164:Western Wall Tunnel 16124:Little Western Wall 16020:Ark of the Covenant 15823:Dome of the Spirits 15813:Dome of the Prophet 15777:Marwani Prayer Hall 15672:. 17 September 2020 15225:The Economist Group 15049:. October 25, 2009. 15033:. October 25, 2009. 14810:. 17 February 2004. 14766:www.israelhayom.com 14741:www.israelhayom.com 14584:. 16 February 2004. 14444:The Times of Israel 14419:www.israelhayom.com 14395:The Times of Israel 12388:"How the war began" 12343:The Times of Israel 12148:OpenDocument Letter 11839:The History Channel 11820:on 17 December 2013 11659:Bahat, Dan (1990). 11225:, pp. 124–126, 132. 10648:Patel, 2006, p. 13. 10639:Raby, 2004, p. 298. 10405:on 16 November 2006 10360:Nuha N. N. Khoury, 9897:and headed by Hajj 9866:Bir Zeit University 9808:Khalek, N. (2011). 9778:Antiochus Epiphanes 9774:Alexander the Great 9750:Temple in Jerusalem 9143:Kook, Abraham Issac 9059:10.3390/rel10030198 8988:Temple of Jerusalem 8646:The Times of Israel 8574:"Commission report" 8077:(2). Archived from 8015:Jerusalem Quarterly 7957:Survey of Palestine 7415:Géographie d'Édrisi 7099:The Times of Israel 6799:Mount of the House, 4942:Synagogue proposal: 4805:Western Wall Tunnel 4198:She'ar Yashuv Cohen 4063:ΜΗΟΕΝΑΑΛΛΟΓΕΝΗΕΙΣΠΟ 3735:and members of the 3700:On 8 October 1990, 3319:Early Muslim period 3189:Third Jewish Revolt 3165:Jupiter Capitolinus 3141:First Jewish Revolt 3123:Middle Roman period 3047:referred to as the 2854:Paleo-Hebrew script 2749:Masjid al-Qiblatayn 2307:(as it was for the 2299:of Jesus (also see 2112:Christian tradition 1925:, who subsequently 1838:Ark of the Covenant 1788:Temple in Jerusalem 1722:Abrahamic religions 1685:World Heritage Site 1661:Western Wall Tunnel 1574:Al-Masjid an-Nabawi 1554:al-Ḥaram ash-Sharīf 1483:Mosque of Ibn Tulun 1389:Edward Henry Palmer 1202:Books of Chronicles 866:, is a hill in the 570:Demographic history 99: / 17913:Islam in Jerusalem 17590:Judaism portal 17316:Dome of al-Khalili 17041:Anglican Communion 16546:Navel of the World 16531:Entry restrictions 16218:Women for the Wall 15833:Dome of Yusuf Agha 15808:Dome of al-Khalili 15294:The New York Times 15247:The New York Times 15170:The Jerusalem Post 14883:The Jerusalem Post 14858:on 7 December 2008 14156:Ḳedar, Benjamin Z. 13907:. February 9, 2007 13865:The Jerusalem Post 13459:2015-10-31 at the 13271:2012-09-24 at the 13195:2013-09-27 at the 13182:Eliezer Waldenberg 12941:, January 1, 2015. 12914:. 18 December 2011 12817:, October 5, 2009. 12815:Al Jazeera English 12725:The Jerusalem Post 12423:. September 2005. 12346:, 7 November 2014. 12297:The Jerusalem Post 12244:The Village Voice, 11927:2008-02-23 at the 11856:The New Knighthood 11812:Selwood, Dominic. 11798:2012-10-04 at the 11680:Kedar, Benjamin Z. 11519:Kedar, Benjamin Z. 11083:Regev, E. (1997). 11044:. pp. 48–49. 10678:on 14 October 2006 10630:Shah, 2008, p. 39. 10166:on 9 December 2012 9889:2009-01-05 at the 9836:2011-02-11 at the 9718:www.mustaqim.co.uk 9535:Schiller, Gertud. 9242:Jonathan Klawans, 8708:The New York Times 8581:unesdoc.unesco.org 8279: • 8271: • 7010:2 Chronicles 33:15 6828:Heavenly Jerusalem 6525:2020-02-16 at the 6224:2020-02-16 at the 5800:www.britannica.com 5771:www.britannica.com 5407:2020-02-16 at the 4922:Allah inscription: 4859: 4793:Raymond M. Lemaire 4777: 4710:Uthmaniyya Madrasa 4511: 4500: 4422:There are several 4395: 4357: 4177:national religious 4131: 4065:ΡΕΥΕΣΟΑΙΕΝΤΟΣΤΟΥΠΕ 4053:corpse uncleanness 4007: 3939: 3610: 3590: 3532: 3456: 3405:al-Masjid al-'Aqṣā 3335: 3205: 3169:a temple was built 3135:and occupied by a 3120: 3100: 3085:besieging the city 3026:rebuilt the temple 2974:broke out between 2905: 2866: 2837:proposed that the 2788:4th millennium BCE 2723: 2659: 2544:al-Masjid al-'Aqṣā 2520:children of Israel 2383:Jerusalem in Islam 2379: 2367: 2359: 2347: 2136: 1806: 1703:anti-Israel bias. 1628: 1526:al-Aqsa University 1510: 1495:al-Masjid al-'Aqṣā 1370:Muhammad al-Idrisi 1340:Al-Masjid al-'Aqṣā 1316:al-Masjid al-'Aqṣā 1312: 1239:Other Hebrew terms 1110:occupied by Israel 1069:ascended to heaven 982:, the son of King 978:was built by King 548:Al-Quds University 108:31.77806; 35.23583 65:Highest point 17885: 17884: 17881: 17880: 17799:Judea and Samaria 17756: 17755: 17752: 17751: 17729: 17728: 17725: 17724: 17598: 17597: 17542:Israel portal 17520: 17519: 17516: 17515: 17388: 17387: 17380:Sidna Omar Mosque 17361:Al-Yaqoubi Mosque 17306:Dome of the Chain 17105: 17104: 17101: 17100: 17097: 17096: 17066: 17065: 17026: 17025: 16952:Armenian Orthodox 16935: 16934: 16896: 16895: 16884:Maronite Catholic 16866:Armenian Catholic 16836: 16835: 16774: 16773: 16572: 16571: 16417: 16416: 16359:Solomon's Stables 16269: 16268: 16223:Women of the Wall 15994: 15993: 15941:Cotton Merchants' 15914:Walls and entries 15798:Dome of the Chain 15600:978-0-8264-8571-7 15584:978-0-385-04843-9 15565:978-0-275-98339-0 15555:Lundquist, John. 15517:978-0-8014-4806-5 15505:978-965-90509-6-3 15476:978-0-88125-798-4 15457:978-0-521-24377-3 15434:978-1-134-10287-7 15409:978-0-8018-8213-5 15227:. 20 April 2022. 15030:The Straits Times 14901:timesonline.co.uk 14267:www.jewishmag.com 14198:978-0-19-923666-4 14171:978-0-292-72272-9 14137:978-0-905035-33-8 14085:978-0-19-923666-4 13860:"The Temple Site" 13747:978-0-905035-33-8 13720:978-0-674-26385-7 13693:978-1-58839-598-6 13666:978-1-317-43005-6 13657:The Umayyad World 13637:978-0-8147-6639-2 13563:madainproject.com 13539:madainproject.com 13520:978-0-19-923666-4 13481:madainproject.com 13464:Ma'an News Agency 13201:Avigdor Nebenzahl 13170:Mordechai Eliyahu 13155:978-0-8014-4806-5 12862:on 18 August 2012 12579:978-0-19-105800-4 12534:978-0-307-79859-6 12509:978-0-8156-5109-3 12308:Amayreh, Khaled. 12201:on 9 January 2015 12134:978-1-317-44284-4 12094:978-1-85065-576-3 12029:978-1-4766-0391-9 12002:978-0-7146-5266-5 11903:978-0-9765665-9-5 11748:978-1-4008-4913-0 11721:978-0-691-07300-2 11642:978-0-86372-226-4 11549:978-965-229-254-4 11475:978-0-275-98339-0 11446:Timothy D. Barnes 11432:978-0-567-55248-8 11417:Grabbe, Lester L. 11402:978-90-04-13108-8 11295:978-0-300-26256-8 11201:978-3-11-174100-0 11051:978-0-88125-813-4 10981:978-0-7432-1621-0 10954:978-0-679-44526-5 10931:978-965-220-855-2 10798:978-1-84603-508-1 10605:978-0-521-52575-6 10575:978-0-87779-044-0 10522:Kasraoui, Safaa. 10498:www.aljazeera.com 10437:978-0-415-57434-1 10225:978-0-7914-7788-5 10103:978-0-415-96785-3 10065:978-0-02-865603-8 10036:978-0-203-48747-1 10009:978-0-521-52575-6 9976:978-0-547-54905-7 9692:Mosaad, Mohamed. 9679:978-90-04-13902-2 9652:978-0-19-988148-2 9612:978-0-19-968433-5 9561:978-1-85709-908-9 9545:978-0-85331-270-3 9522:978-1-57607-004-8 9495:978-0-275-98339-0 9463:, Routledge 2016. 9440:978-0-19-150734-2 9413:978-90-04-11642-9 9344:978-0-19-992862-0 9299:978-0-7618-2327-8 9272:978-1-316-58247-3 9233:11 November 2014. 9175:978-0-8276-0956-3 8954:2 Samuel 24:18–25 8842:Babylonian Talmud 8795:978-90-04-43133-1 8760:978-0-8156-2912-2 8548:www.aljazeera.com 8358:978-0-307-59448-8 8209:978-0-292-72272-9 8198:. Austin, Texas: 8114:978-1-4438-0834-7 8042:978-90-04-11084-7 7992:978-0-230-61271-6 7814:978-0-8054-9352-8 7784:978-1-5011-6833-8 7353:"Lailat al Miraj" 7199:978-0-89870-865-3 6671:978-1-138-24349-1 6509:978-1-5011-6833-8 6337:978-0-7914-7788-5 6301:978-0-8147-6639-2 6246:978-1-5011-6833-8 6207:978-1-137-55048-4 6114:978-1-85109-842-2 6041:978-0-471-74117-6 5934:978-1-315-27727-1 5894:978-1-317-97556-4 5678:978-90-04-43133-1 5643:978-0-8156-2912-2 5569:978-1-4982-9431-7 5504:978-1-4982-9431-7 5429:978-1-5011-6833-8 5390:978-1-137-55048-4 5299:978-1-85109-842-2 4962:Minaret proposal: 4877:In July 2007 the 4864:Gate of the Moors 4835:tiles, Byzantine 4809:Solomon's Stables 4789:Umayyad Caliphate 4692:Solomon's Stables 4450:thought that the 4403:ablution fountain 4321:Dome of the Chain 4071:ΦΘΗΕΑΥΤΩΙΑΙΤΙΟΣΕΣ 3953:, Prime Minister 3821:Jordanian control 3586:Jordanian control 3480:Temple of Solomon 3476:Council of Nablus 3413:nocturnal journey 3195:Late Roman period 3037:two sets of gates 2996:three-month siege 2917:Nebuchadnezzar II 2907:The First Temple 2534:According to the 2301:dispensationalism 2234:earthquake of 363 2099:eretṣ ha-Môriyyāh 2093:אֶרֶץ הַמֹּרִיָּה 1984:. The holiday of 1955:Achaemenid Empire 1939:allowed to return 1923:Nebuchadnezzar II 1913:The First Temple 1808:According to the 1612:Secretary-General 1475: 1455: 1417:or Qibli Chapel ( 1186:Book of Maccabees 1144:Director-General 917:caliphates after 857:al-Masjid al-Aqṣā 796: 784: 767: 766: 704:Greater Jerusalem 528:Hebrew University 371:Before Common Era 355: 354: 192: 191: 17950: 17769: 17768: 17764:biblical figures 17702:Foundation Stone 17688: 17687: 17673: 17672: 17664: 17663: 17658:Laws and customs 17649: 17648: 17625: 17618: 17611: 17602: 17601: 17588: 17587: 17586: 17578:Islam portal 17576: 17575: 17574: 17564: 17563: 17552: 17551: 17550: 17540: 17539: 17538: 17494: 17493: 17458:Ramban Synagogue 17413: 17412: 17326:Dome of the Rock 17311:Dome of al-Khidr 17278: 17277: 17216: 17117: 17077: 17076: 17046: 17045: 17037: 17036: 16948: 16947: 16909: 16908: 16890:Maronite Convent 16842:Melkite Catholic 16795: 16794: 16728: 16727: 16704: 16703: 16648: 16647: 16599: 16592: 16585: 16576: 16575: 16562: 16561: 16324:Antonia Fortress 16314:Foundation Stone 16278: 16277: 16274:Other components 16189:Advocacy groups 16180:Kotel compromise 16015:Solomon's Temple 16003: 16002: 15981:Al-Aqsa massacre 15868:Other structures 15818:Dome of the Rock 15803:Dome of al-Khidr 15762: 15761: 15738: 15731: 15724: 15715: 15714: 15681: 15679: 15677: 15661: 15659: 15657: 15647:"Holy of Holies" 15642: 15640: 15638: 15622: 15620: 15618: 15602: 15586: 15567: 15551: 15549: 15547: 15519: 15507: 15488: 15459: 15439: 15438: 15414: 15413: 15389: 15330: 15329: 15328:. 15 April 2022. 15318: 15312: 15311: 15309: 15308: 15285: 15279: 15278: 15276: 15275: 15261: 15255: 15254: 15238: 15232: 15231: 15217: 15211: 15210: 15208: 15207: 15192: 15181: 15180: 15178: 15176: 15161: 15155: 15154: 15152: 15150: 15135: 15129: 15128: 15126: 15124: 15115:. Archived from 15113:Jerusalem Online 15104: 15098: 15097: 15095: 15094: 15074: 15068: 15067: 15056: 15050: 15040: 15034: 15022: 15016: 15015: 15013: 15012: 14997: 14991: 14978: 14972: 14971: 14969: 14967: 14948: 14942: 14941: 14930: 14924: 14923: 14911: 14905: 14904: 14893: 14887: 14874: 14868: 14867: 14865: 14863: 14844: 14838: 14837: 14835: 14833: 14828:. March 31, 2005 14818: 14812: 14811: 14800: 14794: 14793: 14782: 14776: 14775: 14773: 14772: 14757: 14751: 14750: 14748: 14747: 14732: 14726: 14725: 14723: 14722: 14705: 14699: 14698: 14696: 14695: 14678: 14669: 14668: 14666: 14665: 14650: 14644: 14643: 14637: 14635: 14628:Yedioth Ahronoth 14618: 14612: 14611: 14609: 14607: 14592: 14586: 14585: 14574: 14568: 14567: 14556: 14550: 14549: 14547: 14546: 14531: 14525: 14524: 14492: 14486: 14485: 14483: 14482: 14476: 14470:. Archived from 14469: 14460: 14454: 14453: 14451: 14450: 14435: 14429: 14428: 14426: 14425: 14411: 14405: 14404: 14402: 14401: 14386: 14375: 14374: 14372: 14371: 14355: 14349: 14348: 14346: 14344: 14328: 14322: 14321: 14319: 14317: 14301: 14295: 14294: 14283: 14277: 14276: 14274: 14273: 14258: 14252: 14245: 14239: 14238: 14227: 14221: 14220: 14209: 14203: 14202: 14182: 14176: 14175: 14148: 14142: 14141: 14121: 14115: 14114: 14103:Blair, Sheila S. 14099: 14090: 14089: 14069: 14063: 14056: 14050: 14049: 14047: 14046: 14037:. Archived from 14031: 14025: 14024: 14022: 14021: 14012:. Archived from 14002: 13996: 13995: 13993: 13992: 13983:. Archived from 13977: 13971: 13970: 13968: 13967: 13958:. Archived from 13952: 13946: 13945: 13943: 13942: 13933:. Archived from 13927: 13921: 13920: 13914: 13912: 13895: 13889: 13888: 13882: 13880: 13874: 13855: 13849: 13848: 13846: 13845: 13836:. Archived from 13830: 13824: 13823: 13821: 13820: 13811:. Archived from 13805: 13799: 13798: 13758: 13752: 13751: 13731: 13725: 13724: 13704: 13698: 13697: 13677: 13671: 13670: 13648: 13642: 13641: 13621: 13612: 13611: 13579: 13573: 13572: 13570: 13569: 13555: 13549: 13548: 13546: 13545: 13531: 13525: 13524: 13504: 13491: 13490: 13488: 13487: 13473: 13467: 13451: 13445: 13444: 13432: 13423: 13422: 13420: 13419: 13410:. Archived from 13404: 13398: 13397: 13388:(May 26, 2006). 13382: 13376: 13361: 13352: 13351: 13349: 13348: 13333: 13327: 13326: 13314: 13308: 13282: 13276: 13258:Yisrael Meir Lau 13214: 13208: 13166: 13160: 13159: 13143: 13133: 13120: 13119: 13107: 13094: 13093: 13085: 13072: 13055: 13049: 13039: 13033: 13030:Teshuvoth Radbaz 13022:Shaarei Teshuvah 13019: 13013: 13007: 13001: 13000: 12998: 12997: 12983: 12977: 12976: 12966: 12960: 12959: 12948: 12942: 12932:Elaine McArdle, 12930: 12924: 12923: 12921: 12919: 12904: 12898: 12897: 12895: 12893: 12888:. 7 October 2014 12878: 12872: 12871: 12869: 12867: 12858:. Archived from 12848: 12842: 12824: 12818: 12807: 12801: 12794: 12788: 12780: 12774: 12768: 12762: 12761: 12759: 12757: 12752:. 8 October 2021 12742: 12736: 12735: 12733: 12731: 12717: 12711: 12710: 12708: 12706: 12691: 12685: 12684: 12673: 12667: 12666: 12657:Staton, Bethan. 12654: 12648: 12647: 12645: 12644: 12629: 12623: 12622: 12611: 12602: 12601: 12600:. June 30, 2015. 12590: 12584: 12583: 12563: 12557: 12556: 12554: 12545: 12539: 12538: 12520: 12514: 12513: 12495: 12489: 12488: 12486: 12477: 12471: 12470: 12468: 12467: 12452: 12446: 12443: 12437: 12436: 12434: 12432: 12410: 12404: 12403: 12401: 12399: 12383: 12377: 12376: 12374: 12372: 12353: 12347: 12334: 12325: 12324:. February 2007. 12306: 12300: 12293: 12287: 12286: 12284: 12282: 12277:on June 19, 2013 12261: 12255: 12252:The Sealed Room, 12217: 12211: 12210: 12208: 12206: 12187: 12181: 12165: 12159: 12145: 12139: 12138: 12118: 12112: 12105: 12099: 12098: 12078: 12065: 12055: 12034: 12033: 12013: 12007: 12006: 11980: 11974: 11971: 11965: 11964: 11962: 11961: 11938: 11932: 11919: 11908: 11907: 11887: 11878: 11859: 11852: 11846: 11836: 11830: 11829: 11827: 11825: 11816:. Archived from 11809: 11803: 11786: 11780: 11774: 11768: 11767: 11759: 11753: 11752: 11732: 11726: 11725: 11709: 11699: 11688: 11687: 11671: 11665: 11664: 11656: 11647: 11646: 11628: 11622: 11621: 11593: 11584: 11583: 11575: 11569: 11568: 11560: 11554: 11553: 11539:Golden Jerusalem 11533: 11527: 11526: 11510: 11495: 11494: 11486: 11480: 11479: 11459: 11453: 11443: 11437: 11436: 11413: 11407: 11406: 11386: 11380: 11379: 11371: 11360: 11354: 11353: 11351: 11350: 11332: 11326: 11323: 11317: 11314: 11308: 11307: 11279: 11273: 11272: 11232: 11226: 11220: 11214: 11213: 11185: 11176: 11170: 11164: 11158: 11152: 11151: 11119: 11113: 11112: 11080: 11074: 11062: 11056: 11055: 11031: 11025: 11024: 11004: 10998: 10997: 10965: 10959: 10958: 10940: 10934: 10919: 10913: 10912: 10880: 10874: 10873: 10863: 10839: 10833: 10830: 10824: 10821: 10815: 10814: 10782: 10776: 10775: 10743: 10734: 10727: 10716: 10715: 10713: 10711: 10694: 10688: 10687: 10685: 10683: 10664: 10658: 10655: 10649: 10646: 10640: 10637: 10631: 10628: 10622: 10616: 10610: 10609: 10586: 10580: 10579: 10559: 10549: 10543: 10542: 10540: 10539: 10519: 10513: 10512: 10510: 10509: 10490: 10484: 10483: 10473: 10465: 10459: 10457: 10421: 10415: 10414: 10412: 10410: 10401:. Archived from 10378: 10372: 10358: 10352: 10351: 10349: 10347: 10327: 10321: 10315: 10309: 10298: 10292: 10291: 10255: 10246: 10245: 10239: 10237: 10209: 10200: 10199: 10187: 10176: 10175: 10173: 10171: 10162:. Archived from 10131: 10125: 10118:Sahih al-Bukhari 10114: 10108: 10107: 10085: 10079: 10076: 10070: 10069: 10047: 10041: 10040: 10020: 10014: 10013: 9990: 9981: 9980: 9960: 9954: 9943: 9937: 9930: 9924: 9917: 9911: 9877: 9871: 9851: 9845: 9827: 9821: 9806: 9797: 9746:Dome of the Rock 9738:Solomon's Temple 9734: 9728: 9727: 9725: 9724: 9710: 9704: 9690: 9684: 9683: 9663: 9657: 9656: 9636: 9630: 9623: 9617: 9616: 9596: 9590: 9581: 9575: 9570: 9564: 9533: 9527: 9526: 9506: 9500: 9499: 9479: 9473: 9470: 9464: 9454: 9445: 9444: 9424: 9418: 9417: 9397: 9391: 9382: 9373: 9367: 9361: 9355: 9349: 9348: 9328: 9322: 9313:Catherine Hezser 9310: 9304: 9303: 9283: 9277: 9276: 9256: 9250: 9240: 9234: 9221: 9215: 9208: 9199: 9194: 9188: 9187: 9159: 9150: 9127: 9121: 9118: 9112: 9104: 9095: 9093:2 Chronicles 3:1 9090: 9084: 9078: 9072: 9071: 9061: 9037: 9031: 9025: 9019: 9018: 9016: 9014: 8998: 8992: 8984: 8978: 8975: 8969: 8963: 8957: 8951: 8945: 8934: 8928: 8910: 8904: 8892: 8886: 8879: 8873: 8872: 8867:. Archived from 8857: 8848: 8839: 8830: 8824: 8818: 8817: 8806: 8800: 8799: 8779: 8773: 8772: 8744: 8738: 8737: 8730: 8724: 8723: 8721: 8719: 8699: 8693: 8692: 8690: 8688: 8679:. Archived from 8669: 8663: 8662: 8660: 8658: 8637: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8626: 8606: 8600: 8599: 8597: 8595: 8589: 8578: 8570: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8559: 8540: 8534: 8533: 8518: 8512: 8511: 8509: 8507: 8488: 8479: 8478: 8476: 8474: 8463: 8455: 8449: 8448: 8436: 8430: 8429: 8427: 8426: 8421:. Whc.unesco.org 8415: 8409: 8408: 8406: 8405: 8400:. Whc.unesco.org 8394: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8384: 8369: 8363: 8362: 8342: 8336: 8335: 8328: 8322: 8316: 8310: 8307:Lundquist (2007) 8304: 8298: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8284:. 15 April 2022. 8277: 8276:. 15 April 2022. 8269: 8268:. 15 April 2022. 8262: 8256: 8255: 8220: 8214: 8213: 8182: 8176: 8175: 8153: 8129: 8123: 8122: 8096: 8090: 8089: 8083: 8068: 8056: 8050: 8049: 8024: 8018: 8007: 8001: 8000: 7973: 7960: 7953: 7947: 7946: 7906: 7900: 7899: 7859: 7853: 7852: 7835: 7829: 7828: 7822: 7821: 7798: 7792: 7788: 7750:Mahdi Abdul Hadi 7742: 7691: 7686: 7685: 7664: 7617: 7600: 7594: 7593: 7542: 7536: 7535: 7518: 7512: 7511: 7492: 7486: 7485: 7466: 7449:Williams, George 7445: 7436: 7435: 7423: 7406:Idrīsī, Muhammad 7402: 7396: 7395: 7378: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7364: 7349: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7338: 7323: 7317: 7307: 7298: 7297: 7262: 7251: 7250: 7242:sacred enclosure 7229: 7216: 7210: 7204: 7203: 7179: 7166: 7165: 7139: 7115: 7109: 7108: 7106: 7105: 7090: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7080: 7065: 7059: 7053: 7047: 7019: 7013: 7007: 7001: 6998:2 Chronicles 3:1 6995: 6984: 6977: 6971: 6964: 6958: 6952: 6946: 6940: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6930: 6895: 6889: 6888: 6856: 6839: 6821: 6815: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6758: 6747: 6741: 6740: 6694: 6688: 6687: 6655: 6644: 6643: 6638:. Archived from 6632: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6606: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6595: 6589:Hudson Institute 6580: 6574: 6573: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6536: 6530: 6520:Mahdi Abdul Hadi 6516:Mahdi Abdul Hadi 6513: 6489: 6483: 6482: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6380: 6374: 6363: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6321: 6315: 6314: 6309: 6308: 6285: 6276: 6270: 6250: 6219:Mahdi Abdul Hadi 6215:Mahdi Abdul Hadi 6211: 6163: 6158: 6157: 6140: 6125: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6064: 6055: 6054: 6049: 6048: 6025: 6014: 6003: 5997: 5979: 5973: 5961: 5955: 5951: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5941: 5908: 5902: 5901: 5875: 5869: 5868: 5833: 5827: 5821: 5815: 5814: 5808: 5807: 5792: 5786: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5704: 5698: 5692: 5683: 5682: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5627: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5602: 5596: 5589: 5583: 5582: 5577: 5576: 5553: 5544: 5543: 5527: 5518: 5517: 5512: 5511: 5488: 5482: 5481: 5465: 5459: 5453: 5433: 5402:Mahdi Abdul Hadi 5398:Mahdi Abdul Hadi 5394: 5347: 5342: 5341: 5325: 5310: 5272: 5266: 5265: 5254: 5237: 5233: 5156: 4887:Dome of the Rock 4466:Well of the Leaf 4325:Qubbat al-Sisila 4288:Dome of the Rock 4200:(Chief Rabbi of 4077: 4076: 4073:ΤΑΙΔΙΑΤΟΕΞΑΚΟΛΟΥ 4069:ΠΕΡΙΒΟΛΟΥΟΣΔΑΝΛΗ 3909: 3886: 3872: 3750:al-Aqsa Intifada 3714:Saladin's minbar 3641:Yom Yerushalayim 3573:Jordanian period 3452:Hugues de Payens 3410: 3402: 3401: 3385: 3384: 3378:Dome of the Rock 3294:Byzantine Empire 3254:Byzantine period 3232:Bordeaux Pilgrim 3129:Aelia Capitolina 3058:Antonia Fortress 2952:, perhaps under 2818:Kingdom of Judah 2806:Israelite period 2759:Religious status 2674:, a 9th-century 2646: 2640:Sahih al-Bukhari 2596: 2508:Bayt al-Muqaddas 2501: 2439:Dome of the Rock 2375:Dome of the Rock 2340: 2322: 2274:Solomon's Temple 2249:Persian invasion 2222:Jerusalem Talmud 2148:Dome of the Rock 2144:Foundation Stone 2132:Foundation Stone 2101: 2095: 2094: 2085: 2079: 2078:הַר הַמֹּורִיָּה 2062:binding of Isaac 2056:Binding of Isaac 2051: 1990:Maccabean revolt 1931:Kingdom of Judah 1886: 1885:2 Chronicles 3:1 1842:destroying angel 1752:Foundation Stone 1744:Binding of Isaac 1636:Tyropoeon Valley 1634:to the east and 1559: 1548:(1260–1517) and 1514:Al-Aqsa Intifada 1506:1936 British map 1480: 1470: 1468: 1460: 1450: 1448: 1419:al-Jami' al-Aqsa 1407:Al-Jâmi' al-Aqṣá 1393:Dome of the Rock 1337: 1328:al-Jâmi' al-Aqṣā 1325: 1308:1841 British map 1289: 1286: 1259: 1253: 1252:הַר הַמֹּורִיָּה 1210:Solomon's Temple 927:Dome of the Rock 861:Jerusalem's holy 854: 853: 848: 847: 844: 843: 840: 837: 834: 831: 827: 826: 823: 791: 789: 783:romanized: 782: 780: 759: 752: 745: 614:Political status 496:Dome of the Rock 268:Aelia Capitolina 244: 243: 217: 194: 193: 165: 140: 139: 133: 114: 113: 111: 110: 109: 104: 100: 97: 96: 95: 92: 53: 21: 20: 17958: 17957: 17953: 17952: 17951: 17949: 17948: 17947: 17888: 17887: 17886: 17877: 17836:Other countries 17831: 17793: 17763: 17748: 17721: 17693: 17679: 17655: 17638: 17629: 17599: 17594: 17584: 17582: 17572: 17570: 17558: 17548: 17546: 17536: 17534: 17512: 17492: 17483:Hurva Synagogue 17449: 17442: 17405: 17396: 17384: 17375:Al Dissi Mosque 17357:Al-Buraq Mosque 17345: 17284: 17270: 17265: 17257: 17256: 17253:Sultan Suleiman 17246:Ma'ale HaShalom 17244: 17219: 17214: 17202: 17177: 17170: 17169: 17168: 17165: 17160: 17159: 17156: 17151: 17150: 17147: 17142: 17141: 17138: 17133: 17132: 17126: 17125: 17122: 17110:Areas, quarters 17093: 17062: 17022: 17006: 17004:Coptic Orthodox 16998: 16986:Syriac Orthodox 16980: 16954: 16942: 16931: 16915: 16903: 16892: 16878: 16860: 16844: 16832: 16793: 16770: 16734: 16726: 16710: 16693: 16637: 16616: 16603: 16573: 16568: 16550: 16509: 16445: 16413: 16368: 16349:Ptolemaic Baris 16334:Hasmonean Baris 16302: 16265: 16256:Robinson's Arch 16251:Boaz and Jachin 16229: 16168: 16139:Mughrabi Bridge 16110: 16067:Temple treasury 16057:Solomon's Porch 15999:Jewish elements 15990: 15952: 15909: 15863: 15837: 15781: 15751: 15742: 15693:Templemount.org 15689: 15684: 15675: 15673: 15655: 15653: 15636: 15634: 15616: 15614: 15572:Mazar, Benjamin 15545: 15543: 15477: 15435: 15410: 15362:10.2307/3210410 15339: 15334: 15333: 15320: 15319: 15315: 15306: 15304: 15286: 15282: 15273: 15271: 15263: 15262: 15258: 15239: 15235: 15219: 15218: 15214: 15205: 15203: 15202:. 25 April 2022 15194: 15193: 15184: 15174: 15172: 15162: 15158: 15148: 15146: 15136: 15132: 15122: 15120: 15105: 15101: 15092: 15090: 15075: 15071: 15066:. 18 July 2010. 15058: 15057: 15053: 15041: 15037: 15023: 15019: 15010: 15008: 14999: 14998: 14994: 14979: 14975: 14965: 14963: 14949: 14945: 14932: 14931: 14927: 14912: 14908: 14895: 14894: 14890: 14875: 14871: 14861: 14859: 14846: 14845: 14841: 14831: 14829: 14820: 14819: 14815: 14802: 14801: 14797: 14784: 14783: 14779: 14770: 14768: 14758: 14754: 14745: 14743: 14733: 14729: 14720: 14718: 14706: 14702: 14693: 14691: 14679: 14672: 14663: 14661: 14651: 14647: 14633: 14631: 14619: 14615: 14605: 14603: 14593: 14589: 14576: 14575: 14571: 14558: 14557: 14553: 14544: 14542: 14534:Hecht, Esther. 14532: 14528: 14493: 14489: 14480: 14478: 14474: 14467: 14461: 14457: 14448: 14446: 14436: 14432: 14423: 14421: 14413: 14412: 14408: 14399: 14397: 14387: 14378: 14369: 14367: 14356: 14352: 14342: 14340: 14330: 14329: 14325: 14315: 14313: 14303: 14302: 14298: 14285: 14284: 14280: 14271: 14269: 14259: 14255: 14246: 14242: 14237:. 11 July 2007. 14229: 14228: 14224: 14217:archaeology.org 14211: 14210: 14206: 14199: 14183: 14179: 14172: 14149: 14145: 14138: 14122: 14118: 14107:Bloom, Jonathan 14100: 14093: 14086: 14070: 14066: 14057: 14053: 14044: 14042: 14033: 14032: 14028: 14019: 14017: 14004: 14003: 13999: 13990: 13988: 13979: 13978: 13974: 13965: 13963: 13954: 13953: 13949: 13940: 13938: 13929: 13928: 13924: 13910: 13908: 13897: 13896: 13892: 13878: 13876: 13872: 13856: 13852: 13843: 13841: 13832: 13831: 13827: 13818: 13816: 13807: 13806: 13802: 13759: 13755: 13748: 13732: 13728: 13721: 13705: 13701: 13694: 13678: 13674: 13667: 13649: 13645: 13638: 13622: 13615: 13580: 13576: 13567: 13565: 13557: 13556: 13552: 13543: 13541: 13533: 13532: 13528: 13521: 13505: 13494: 13485: 13483: 13475: 13474: 13470: 13461:Wayback Machine 13452: 13448: 13433: 13426: 13417: 13415: 13406: 13405: 13401: 13383: 13379: 13372:Wayback Machine 13362: 13355: 13346: 13344: 13334: 13330: 13315: 13311: 13297:Wayback Machine 13283: 13279: 13273:Wayback Machine 13242:Avraham Shapiro 13215: 13211: 13203:, Rabbi of the 13197:Wayback Machine 13178:Beit El yeshiva 13167: 13163: 13156: 13134: 13123: 13118:(1–2): 101–126. 13108: 13097: 13086: 13075: 13056: 13052: 13040: 13036: 13020: 13016: 13008: 13004: 12995: 12993: 12985: 12984: 12980: 12967: 12963: 12950: 12949: 12945: 12931: 12927: 12917: 12915: 12906: 12905: 12901: 12891: 12889: 12880: 12879: 12875: 12865: 12863: 12850: 12849: 12845: 12835:Wayback Machine 12825: 12821: 12808: 12804: 12796:Nadav Shragai, 12795: 12791: 12781: 12777: 12769: 12765: 12755: 12753: 12744: 12743: 12739: 12729: 12727: 12719: 12718: 12714: 12704: 12702: 12693: 12692: 12688: 12675: 12674: 12670: 12663:Middle East Eye 12655: 12651: 12642: 12640: 12631: 12630: 12626: 12612: 12605: 12592: 12591: 12587: 12580: 12564: 12560: 12552: 12546: 12542: 12535: 12521: 12517: 12510: 12496: 12492: 12484: 12478: 12474: 12465: 12463: 12454: 12453: 12449: 12444: 12440: 12430: 12428: 12412: 12411: 12407: 12397: 12395: 12384: 12380: 12370: 12368: 12355: 12354: 12350: 12336:Itamar Sharon, 12335: 12328: 12321:Al-Ahram Weekly 12317:Wayback Machine 12307: 12303: 12299:, 19 July 1991. 12294: 12290: 12280: 12278: 12263: 12262: 12258: 12218: 12214: 12204: 12202: 12189: 12188: 12184: 12175:Wayback Machine 12166: 12162: 12155:Wayback Machine 12146: 12142: 12135: 12119: 12115: 12106: 12102: 12095: 12079: 12068: 12056: 12037: 12030: 12014: 12010: 12003: 11981: 11977: 11972: 11968: 11959: 11957: 11939: 11935: 11929:Wayback Machine 11920: 11911: 11904: 11885: 11879: 11862: 11853: 11849: 11837: 11833: 11823: 11821: 11810: 11806: 11800:Wayback Machine 11787: 11783: 11775: 11771: 11760: 11756: 11749: 11733: 11729: 11722: 11700: 11691: 11672: 11668: 11657: 11650: 11643: 11629: 11625: 11594: 11587: 11576: 11572: 11561: 11557: 11550: 11534: 11530: 11511: 11498: 11487: 11483: 11476: 11460: 11456: 11444: 11440: 11433: 11414: 11410: 11403: 11387: 11383: 11361: 11357: 11348: 11346: 11344:The BAS Library 11333: 11329: 11324: 11320: 11315: 11311: 11296: 11280: 11276: 11233: 11229: 11221: 11217: 11202: 11186: 11179: 11171: 11167: 11159: 11155: 11120: 11116: 11081: 11077: 11063: 11059: 11052: 11032: 11028: 11005: 11001: 10982: 10966: 10962: 10955: 10941: 10937: 10920: 10916: 10881: 10877: 10840: 10836: 10831: 10827: 10822: 10818: 10799: 10783: 10779: 10744: 10737: 10728: 10719: 10709: 10707: 10695: 10691: 10681: 10679: 10666: 10665: 10661: 10656: 10652: 10647: 10643: 10638: 10634: 10629: 10625: 10617: 10613: 10606: 10590:Buchanan, Allen 10587: 10583: 10576: 10562:Merriam-Webster 10550: 10546: 10537: 10535: 10520: 10516: 10507: 10505: 10492: 10491: 10487: 10467: 10466: 10455: 10453: 10438: 10422: 10418: 10408: 10406: 10379: 10375: 10359: 10355: 10345: 10343: 10328: 10324: 10316: 10312: 10299: 10295: 10256: 10249: 10235: 10233: 10226: 10210: 10203: 10189: 10188: 10179: 10169: 10167: 10132: 10128: 10115: 10111: 10104: 10086: 10082: 10077: 10073: 10066: 10058:. p. 482. 10048: 10044: 10037: 10021: 10017: 10010: 9994:Buchanan, Allen 9991: 9984: 9977: 9961: 9957: 9944: 9940: 9931: 9927: 9918: 9914: 9903:British Mandate 9899:Amin al-Husayni 9891:Wayback Machine 9878: 9874: 9852: 9848: 9838:Wayback Machine 9828: 9824: 9807: 9800: 9776:'s successors, 9735: 9731: 9722: 9720: 9712: 9711: 9707: 9701:Wayback Machine 9691: 9687: 9680: 9664: 9660: 9653: 9637: 9633: 9624: 9620: 9613: 9597: 9593: 9582: 9578: 9571: 9567: 9549:Penny, Nicholas 9534: 9530: 9523: 9507: 9503: 9496: 9480: 9476: 9471: 9467: 9455: 9448: 9441: 9425: 9421: 9414: 9398: 9394: 9383: 9376: 9368: 9364: 9356: 9352: 9345: 9329: 9325: 9311: 9307: 9300: 9284: 9280: 9273: 9257: 9253: 9241: 9237: 9222: 9218: 9210:Carol Delaney, 9209: 9202: 9195: 9191: 9176: 9160: 9153: 9147:Moadei Hare'iya 9128: 9124: 9119: 9115: 9105: 9098: 9091: 9087: 9079: 9075: 9038: 9034: 9026: 9022: 9012: 9010: 9000: 8999: 8995: 8985: 8981: 8976: 8972: 8964: 8960: 8952: 8948: 8935: 8931: 8917:Bernard Avishai 8911: 8907: 8893: 8889: 8880: 8876: 8859: 8858: 8851: 8840: 8833: 8825: 8821: 8808: 8807: 8803: 8796: 8780: 8776: 8761: 8745: 8741: 8736:. 7 April 2022. 8732: 8731: 8727: 8717: 8715: 8700: 8696: 8686: 8684: 8683:on 8 April 2019 8671: 8670: 8666: 8656: 8654: 8639: 8638: 8634: 8624: 8622: 8607: 8603: 8593: 8591: 8587: 8576: 8572: 8571: 8567: 8557: 8555: 8542: 8541: 8537: 8519: 8515: 8505: 8503: 8490: 8489: 8482: 8472: 8470: 8461: 8457: 8456: 8452: 8437: 8433: 8424: 8422: 8417: 8416: 8412: 8403: 8401: 8396: 8395: 8391: 8382: 8380: 8370: 8366: 8359: 8343: 8339: 8330: 8329: 8325: 8317: 8313: 8305: 8301: 8297:, p. 9–11. 8293: 8289: 8280: 8278: 8272: 8270: 8264: 8263: 8259: 8221: 8217: 8210: 8190:Binyamin, Kedar 8183: 8179: 8130: 8126: 8115: 8097: 8093: 8084:on 2016-04-14. 8081: 8066: 8057: 8053: 8043: 8025: 8021: 8008: 8004: 7993: 7977:Reiter, Yitzhak 7975: 7974: 7963: 7954: 7950: 7907: 7903: 7880:10.2307/1523257 7860: 7856: 7839:Le Strange, Guy 7836: 7832: 7819: 7817: 7815: 7799: 7795: 7785: 7770: 7761:Wayback Machine 7704: 7683: 7681: 7667: 7620: 7603: 7601: 7597: 7543: 7539: 7522:Le Strange, Guy 7519: 7515: 7493: 7489: 7446: 7439: 7425: 7403: 7399: 7382:Le Strange, Guy 7379: 7372: 7362: 7360: 7351: 7350: 7346: 7336: 7334: 7325: 7324: 7320: 7308: 7301: 7263: 7254: 7238:. John Murray. 7230: 7219: 7211: 7207: 7200: 7180: 7169: 7117: 7116: 7112: 7103: 7101: 7091: 7087: 7078: 7076: 7066: 7062: 7054: 7050: 7020: 7016: 7008: 7004: 6996: 6987: 6978: 6974: 6965: 6961: 6953: 6949: 6941: 6937: 6928: 6926: 6896: 6892: 6857: 6842: 6822: 6818: 6769: 6765: 6756: 6754: 6749: 6748: 6744: 6696: 6695: 6691: 6672: 6656: 6647: 6634: 6633: 6629: 6619: 6617: 6607: 6603: 6593: 6591: 6581: 6577: 6564: 6563: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6545:Times of Israel 6537: 6533: 6527:Wayback Machine 6510: 6490: 6486: 6443:Reiter, Yitzhak 6440: 6436: 6381: 6377: 6364: 6357: 6347: 6345: 6338: 6322: 6318: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6286: 6279: 6268: 6247: 6226:Wayback Machine 6208: 6155: 6153: 6128: 6115: 6100: 6078: 6076: 6067: 6065: 6058: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6026: 6017: 6004: 6000: 5986:Bernard Avishai 5980: 5976: 5962: 5958: 5952: 5948: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5909: 5905: 5895: 5876: 5872: 5834: 5830: 5822: 5818: 5805: 5803: 5794: 5793: 5789: 5776: 5774: 5765: 5764: 5760: 5725:10.2307/3210164 5705: 5701: 5693: 5686: 5679: 5663: 5659: 5644: 5628: 5624: 5614: 5612: 5604: 5603: 5599: 5590: 5586: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5554: 5547: 5531:Kedar, Benjamin 5528: 5521: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5489: 5485: 5469:Kedar, Benjamin 5466: 5462: 5451: 5430: 5409:Wayback Machine 5391: 5339: 5337: 5313: 5300: 5285: 5273: 5269: 5256: 5255: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5240: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5174: 5169: 5168: 5167: 5165:Mount of Olives 5162: 5157: 5148: 5089:Knesset Member 5057:archaeologists. 5037:Nissim Karelitz 5012:Avraham Shapira 4971:the Golden Gate 4905:Mughrabi-Bridge 4896: 4797:Léon Pressouyre 4753: 4739: 4733: 4724: 4718: 4700: 4687: 4631: 4522:the Golden Gate 4507:Robinson's Arch 4492: 4486: 4412:Solomon's Pools 4383: 4342:Qubbat al-Arwah 4330:Qubbat al-Miraj 4284: 4266: 4261: 4173:Modern Orthodox 4117: 4079: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4045: 4039: 3991: 3971:throwing stones 3963:State of Israel 3931: 3925: 3875:Second Intifada 3832: 3823: 3802: 3800:British Mandate 3794: 3789: 3769:Itamar Ben-Gvir 3745:throwing stones 3741:Haram al-Sharif 3649:Ninth Day of Av 3602: 3575: 3562: 3556: 3536:Royal Engineers 3528:Francis Bedford 3516: 3500: 3464:Knights Templar 3437: 3321: 3290:Sassanid Empire 3286: 3276: 3274:Sassanid period 3260:Robert Hamilton 3256: 3197: 3183:to sacrifice a 3125: 3053:Robinson's Arch 3022:Herod the Great 3020:Around 19 BCE, 3018: 3010:Main articles: 3008: 2931: 2925: 2827:Late Bronze Age 2814: 2808: 2784: 2779: 2773: 2761: 2715: 2663:Umayyad dynasty 2656:Sultan Mohammed 2647: 2637: 2631: 2597: 2589: 2532: 2530:Isra and Mi'raj 2455: 2401: 2391: 2385: 2332: 2323: 2320: 2270:Knights Templar 2194: 2188: 2160: 2124: 2083:har ha-Môriyyāh 2058: 2052: 2049: 2030: 2022:Hebrew calendar 1951:fall of Babylon 1947:Cyrus the Great 1887: 1884: 1814:threshing-floor 1790: 1784: 1776:divine presence 1756:Orthodox Jewish 1736: 1730: 1718: 1712: 1674: 1640:Herod the Great 1620: 1604: 1586: 1562:Masjid al-Haram 1542: 1540:Haram al-Sharif 1427:Masjid al-Jumah 1381:Edward Robinson 1300: 1287: 1257:har ha-Môriyyāh 1241: 1154: 1130: 1025:divine presence 1008:Orthodox Jewish 897:(including the 895:retaining walls 828: 820: 816: 799:Haram al-Sharif 763: 734: 733: 729:Historical maps 684: 683: 674: 673: 617: 616: 605: 604: 577: 576: 566: 553: 552: 543:Tomb of Lazarus 467: 466: 455: 454: 401: 367: 366: 357: 356: 328:British Mandate 241: 240: 230: 163: 157: 156: 155: 154: 153: 148: 147: 146: 145: 141: 107: 105: 101: 98: 93: 90: 88: 86: 85: 60: 55:Aerial view of 43: 41: 39: 38:Haram al-Sharif 37: 17: 12: 11: 5: 17956: 17946: 17945: 17940: 17935: 17930: 17925: 17920: 17915: 17910: 17905: 17900: 17883: 17882: 17879: 17878: 17876: 17875: 17870: 17865: 17860: 17855: 17850: 17845: 17839: 17837: 17833: 17832: 17830: 17829: 17824: 17819: 17814: 17809: 17803: 17801: 17795: 17794: 17792: 17787: 17782: 17777: 17775: 17766: 17758: 17757: 17754: 17753: 17750: 17749: 17747: 17746: 17741: 17736: 17730: 17727: 17726: 17723: 17722: 17720: 17719: 17714: 17709: 17707:Holy of Holies 17704: 17698: 17696: 17685: 17670: 17661: 17653:Land of Israel 17646: 17640: 17639: 17628: 17627: 17620: 17613: 17605: 17596: 17595: 17593: 17592: 17580: 17568: 17556: 17544: 17532: 17525: 17522: 17521: 17518: 17517: 17514: 17513: 17511: 17510: 17502: 17500: 17491: 17490: 17485: 17480: 17475: 17470: 17465: 17460: 17454: 17452: 17444: 17443: 17441: 17440: 17435: 17430: 17425: 17419: 17417: 17410: 17390: 17389: 17386: 17385: 17383: 17382: 17377: 17372: 17370:Mosque of Omar 17367: 17362: 17359: 17353: 17351: 17347: 17346: 17344: 17343: 17341:Marwani Mosque 17338: 17333: 17328: 17323: 17318: 17313: 17308: 17303: 17298: 17292: 17290: 17275: 17259: 17258: 17255: 17254: 17251: 17248: 17239: 17234: 17228: 17162: 17161: 17153: 17152: 17144: 17143: 17135: 17134: 17128: 17127: 17119: 17118: 17108: 17106: 17103: 17102: 17099: 17098: 17095: 17094: 17092: 17091: 17085: 17083: 17074: 17068: 17067: 17064: 17063: 17061: 17060: 17054: 17052: 17043: 17034: 17028: 17027: 17024: 17023: 17021: 17020: 17018:Deir es-Sultan 17014: 17012: 17000: 16999: 16997: 16996: 16990: 16988: 16982: 16981: 16979: 16978: 16973: 16968: 16962: 16960: 16945: 16937: 16936: 16933: 16932: 16930: 16929: 16923: 16921: 16913:Greek Orthodox 16906: 16898: 16897: 16894: 16893: 16888: 16886: 16880: 16879: 16877: 16876: 16870: 16868: 16862: 16861: 16859: 16858: 16852: 16850: 16838: 16837: 16834: 16833: 16831: 16830: 16827:Templum Domini 16823: 16816: 16809: 16803: 16801: 16792: 16791: 16786: 16781: 16775: 16772: 16771: 16769: 16768: 16763: 16762: 16761: 16756: 16748: 16742: 16740: 16725: 16724: 16718: 16716: 16701: 16695: 16694: 16692: 16691: 16683: 16676: 16675: 16674: 16669: 16667:Deir es-Sultan 16658: 16656: 16645: 16639: 16638: 16636: 16635: 16632: 16621: 16618: 16617: 16602: 16601: 16594: 16587: 16579: 16570: 16569: 16567: 16566: 16555: 16552: 16551: 16549: 16548: 16543: 16538: 16536:Templum Domini 16533: 16528: 16523: 16517: 16515: 16511: 16510: 16508: 16507: 16469: 16464: 16459: 16453: 16451: 16447: 16446: 16444: 16443: 16438: 16433: 16427: 16425: 16419: 16418: 16415: 16414: 16412: 16411: 16408:Beautiful Gate 16404: 16399: 16394: 16389: 16384: 16378: 16376: 16370: 16369: 16367: 16366: 16364:Struthion Pool 16361: 16356: 16351: 16346: 16344:Pool of Raranj 16341: 16336: 16331: 16326: 16321: 16316: 16310: 16308: 16304: 16303: 16301: 16300: 16295: 16290: 16284: 16282: 16275: 16271: 16270: 16267: 16266: 16264: 16263: 16258: 16253: 16248: 16243: 16237: 16235: 16231: 16230: 16228: 16227: 16226: 16225: 16220: 16215: 16210: 16205: 16200: 16195: 16187: 16182: 16176: 16174: 16170: 16169: 16167: 16166: 16161: 16156: 16151: 16146: 16141: 16136: 16131: 16126: 16120: 16118: 16112: 16111: 16109: 16108: 16103: 16102: 16101: 16096: 16086: 16081: 16076: 16075: 16074: 16069: 16064: 16062:Temple menorah 16059: 16054: 16049: 16047:Holy of Holies 16044: 16039: 16029: 16028: 16027: 16022: 16011: 16009: 16000: 15996: 15995: 15992: 15991: 15989: 15988: 15983: 15978: 15973: 15966: 15960: 15958: 15954: 15953: 15951: 15950: 15949: 15948: 15943: 15938: 15928: 15923: 15917: 15915: 15911: 15910: 15908: 15907: 15906: 15905: 15900: 15895: 15890: 15882: 15877: 15875:Islamic Museum 15871: 15869: 15865: 15864: 15862: 15861: 15859:An-Nāranj Pool 15856: 15851: 15845: 15843: 15839: 15838: 15836: 15835: 15830: 15825: 15820: 15815: 15810: 15805: 15800: 15795: 15789: 15787: 15783: 15782: 15780: 15779: 15774: 15772:Al-Aqsa Mosque 15768: 15766: 15759: 15753: 15752: 15741: 15740: 15733: 15726: 15718: 15712: 15711: 15706: 15701: 15695: 15688: 15687:External links 15685: 15683: 15682: 15662: 15643: 15623: 15603: 15587: 15568: 15552: 15535:(3): 653–669. 15520: 15508: 15493:Ha'ivri, David 15489: 15475: 15460: 15440: 15433: 15415: 15408: 15391: 15390: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15332: 15331: 15313: 15280: 15256: 15233: 15212: 15182: 15156: 15138:Unattributed. 15130: 15099: 15069: 15051: 15035: 15017: 14992: 14973: 14943: 14940:. 15 May 2007. 14925: 14906: 14888: 14869: 14839: 14813: 14795: 14777: 14760:Saban, Itzik. 14752: 14735:Saban, Itzik. 14727: 14700: 14670: 14645: 14613: 14587: 14569: 14551: 14526: 14487: 14455: 14430: 14406: 14376: 14350: 14323: 14296: 14293:on 2013-05-17. 14278: 14253: 14240: 14222: 14204: 14197: 14177: 14170: 14143: 14136: 14116: 14091: 14084: 14064: 14051: 14026: 13997: 13972: 13947: 13922: 13890: 13850: 13825: 13800: 13753: 13746: 13726: 13719: 13699: 13692: 13672: 13665: 13643: 13636: 13613: 13574: 13550: 13526: 13519: 13492: 13468: 13446: 13441:Jerusalem Post 13424: 13399: 13386:Shragai, Nadav 13377: 13353: 13328: 13323:The New Yorker 13309: 13277: 13254:Ateret Cohanim 13209: 13161: 13154: 13121: 13095: 13073: 13067:94:1:4 citing 13050: 13034: 13014: 13002: 12978: 12961: 12943: 12925: 12899: 12873: 12856:news.yahoo.com 12843: 12819: 12802: 12789: 12775: 12763: 12737: 12712: 12686: 12668: 12649: 12624: 12615:Shragai, Nadav 12603: 12585: 12578: 12558: 12540: 12533: 12515: 12508: 12490: 12472: 12447: 12438: 12405: 12378: 12348: 12326: 12301: 12295:Dan Izenberg, 12288: 12256: 12220:Rashid Khalidi 12212: 12195:United Nations 12182: 12160: 12140: 12133: 12113: 12100: 12093: 12066: 12035: 12028: 12008: 12001: 11995:. p. 23. 11975: 11966: 11933: 11909: 11902: 11860: 11847: 11831: 11804: 11781: 11769: 11766:. p. 170. 11754: 11747: 11727: 11720: 11689: 11666: 11648: 11641: 11623: 11585: 11570: 11555: 11548: 11528: 11496: 11481: 11474: 11454: 11438: 11431: 11408: 11401: 11381: 11366:, ed. (1911). 11364:Chisholm, Hugh 11355: 11327: 11318: 11309: 11294: 11274: 11247:(2): 147–166. 11227: 11215: 11200: 11177: 11165: 11153: 11114: 11095:(2): 276–289. 11075: 11070:the Jewish War 11057: 11050: 11026: 10999: 10980: 10960: 10953: 10935: 10914: 10875: 10834: 10825: 10816: 10797: 10777: 10758:(3): 321–361. 10735: 10717: 10689: 10659: 10650: 10641: 10632: 10623: 10611: 10604: 10581: 10574: 10544: 10514: 10485: 10436: 10416: 10373: 10353: 10322: 10310: 10293: 10264:Ars Orientalis 10247: 10224: 10201: 10177: 10126: 10109: 10102: 10080: 10071: 10064: 10042: 10035: 10015: 10008: 9982: 9975: 9955: 9938: 9925: 9912: 9908:2 Samuel 24:25 9872: 9870: 9869: 9846: 9822: 9798: 9762:Nebuchadnezzar 9729: 9705: 9685: 9678: 9658: 9651: 9631: 9618: 9611: 9591: 9576: 9565: 9528: 9521: 9501: 9494: 9474: 9472:Shick, p. 301. 9465: 9446: 9439: 9419: 9412: 9392: 9374: 9362: 9350: 9343: 9323: 9305: 9298: 9278: 9271: 9251: 9235: 9216: 9200: 9189: 9174: 9151: 9149:, pp. 413–415. 9122: 9113: 9096: 9085: 9073: 9032: 9030:, p. 656. 9020: 8993: 8979: 8970: 8958: 8946: 8929: 8905: 8887: 8874: 8871:on 2010-06-16. 8849: 8831: 8819: 8801: 8794: 8774: 8759: 8739: 8725: 8694: 8664: 8632: 8601: 8565: 8535: 8513: 8480: 8467:United Nations 8450: 8431: 8410: 8389: 8364: 8357: 8337: 8323: 8311: 8299: 8287: 8257: 8238:(2): 293–295. 8215: 8208: 8177: 8124: 8113: 8091: 8051: 8041: 8019: 8002: 7991: 7961: 7948: 7921:(1): 107–117. 7901: 7854: 7830: 7813: 7793: 7791: 7790: 7783: 7768: 7754:Al-Aqsa Mosque 7747: 7743: 7702: 7698: 7692: 7665: 7628:Insight Turkey 7595: 7537: 7513: 7487: 7437: 7434:. J.W. Parker. 7397: 7370: 7344: 7318: 7299: 7276:(3): 122–132. 7252: 7217: 7205: 7198: 7184:Rainer Riesner 7167: 7110: 7085: 7060: 7048: 7014: 7002: 6985: 6972: 6959: 6947: 6945:, p. 59b. 6935: 6890: 6871:(3): 321–361. 6840: 6816: 6763: 6742: 6704:Insight Turkey 6689: 6670: 6645: 6627: 6601: 6575: 6557: 6531: 6508: 6484: 6447:Israel Studies 6434: 6375: 6355: 6336: 6316: 6300: 6277: 6275: 6274: 6262: 6251: 6245: 6212: 6206: 6189: 6186:Israel Studies 6178:Yitzhak Reiter 6175: 6165: 6142: 6136:. 2022-04-22. 6126: 6120:Al-Aqsa Mosque 6113: 6098: 6056: 6040: 6015: 5998: 5974: 5956: 5946: 5933: 5903: 5893: 5870: 5848:(1): 118–124. 5828: 5824:2 Chron. 3:1–2 5816: 5787: 5758: 5719:(4): 194–204. 5699: 5684: 5677: 5657: 5642: 5622: 5597: 5584: 5568: 5545: 5519: 5503: 5483: 5460: 5458: 5457: 5445: 5434: 5428: 5395: 5389: 5372: 5369:Israel Studies 5361:Yitzhak Reiter 5358: 5348: 5326: 5321:. 2022-04-22. 5311: 5305:Al-Aqsa Mosque 5298: 5267: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5239: 5238: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5213: 5208: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5186: 5181: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5159: 5158: 5151: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5142: 5135: 5131: 5130: 5122: 5118: 5117: 5113: 5112: 5100: 5096: 5095: 5086: 5085: 5078: 5074: 5073: 5063: 5059: 5058: 5045: 5041: 5040: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4979: 4975: 4974: 4958: 4957: 4939: 4935: 4934: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4900: 4895: 4892: 4847:Gabriel Barkay 4826:Persian period 4762:Charles Warren 4758:Charles Wilson 4735:Main article: 4732: 4729: 4720:Main article: 4717: 4714: 4699: 4696: 4686: 4683: 4682: 4681: 4674: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4660: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4641: 4638: 4627:Main article: 4625: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4614: 4611: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4599: 4598: 4597: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4584: 4554:Holy of Holies 4526:Jewish Messiah 4518: 4517: 4488:Main article: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4480: 4472: 4469: 4462: 4455: 4448:Charles Warren 4439: 4382: 4381:Lower platform 4379: 4361:Qubba Nahwiyya 4283: 4282:Upper platform 4280: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4143:Yitzhak Nissim 4116: 4113: 4059: 4041:Main article: 4038: 4035: 3990: 3987: 3975:Friday prayers 3924: 3921: 3912: 3911: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3831: 3828: 3822: 3819: 3801: 3798: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3781:Arab countries 3758:Friday prayers 3695:Rashid Khalidi 3683:rubber bullets 3679:Israeli troops 3675:First Intifada 3658:In June 1969, 3601: 3600:Israeli period 3598: 3574: 3571: 3558:Main article: 3555: 3552: 3540:Charles Warren 3515: 3514:Ottoman period 3512: 3499: 3496: 3448:Al-Aqsa Mosque 3436: 3433: 3337:In 637, Arabs 3327:The Southwest 3320: 3317: 3275: 3272: 3255: 3252: 3196: 3193: 3124: 3121: 3116:Benjamin Mazar 3070:Pontius Pilate 3066:Stepped Street 3007: 3004: 3000:Holy of Holies 2976:Aristobulus II 2927:Main article: 2924: 2921: 2810:Main article: 2807: 2804: 2783: 2780: 2775:Main article: 2772: 2769: 2760: 2757: 2714: 2711: 2635: 2587: 2531: 2528: 2512:bēt ha-miqdāsh 2504:Bayt al-Maqdis 2468:Ka'ab al-Ahbar 2454: 2453:In early Islam 2451: 2443:Al-Aqsa Mosque 2387:Main article: 2331: 2328: 2318: 2278:Templum Domini 2210:Herod's Temple 2187: 2184: 2176:Jewish liturgy 2159: 2156: 2123: 2120: 2088:land of Moriah 2057: 2054: 2047: 2034:Book of Isaiah 2029: 2026: 1943:a proclamation 1882: 1873:ancient Israel 1783: 1780: 1772:Holy of Holies 1729: 1726: 1711: 1708: 1673: 1670: 1665:Muslim Quarter 1619: 1616: 1608:United Nations 1603: 1600: 1585: 1582: 1541: 1538: 1487:Umayyad Mosque 1485:in Cairo, the 1385:Guy Le Strange 1306:Extract of an 1299: 1298:Al-Aqsa Mosque 1296: 1292:Book of Samuel 1277:Book of Psalms 1273:Book of Isaiah 1240: 1237: 1233:Gabriel Barkay 1206:Persian period 1153: 1150: 1129: 1126: 1102:East Jerusalem 1021:Holy of Holies 765: 764: 762: 761: 754: 747: 739: 736: 735: 732: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 685: 681: 680: 679: 676: 675: 672: 671: 669:US recognition 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 640: 639: 634: 629: 618: 612: 611: 610: 607: 606: 603: 601:Crusader kings 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 575: 574: 573: 572: 560: 559: 558: 555: 554: 551: 550: 545: 540: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 504: 503: 501:Al-Aqsa Mosque 498: 484: 479: 474: 468: 462: 461: 460: 457: 456: 453: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 406: 405: 400: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 373: 372: 368: 364: 363: 362: 359: 358: 353: 352: 349: 348: 337:Modern period 334: 333: 330: 324: 323: 320: 314: 313: 310: 304: 303: 300: 294: 293: 290: 284: 283: 280: 274: 273: 270: 264: 263: 260: 254: 253: 250: 242: 239: 238: 237: 236: 224: 223: 222: 219: 218: 210: 209: 203: 202: 190: 189: 184: 178: 177: 173: 172: 167: 159: 158: 149: 143: 142: 135: 134: 128: 127: 126: 125: 124: 121: 120: 116: 115: 83: 77: 76: 73: 67: 66: 62: 61: 54: 46: 45: 34:Masjid al-Aqsa 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17955: 17944: 17941: 17939: 17936: 17934: 17931: 17929: 17926: 17924: 17921: 17919: 17916: 17914: 17911: 17909: 17906: 17904: 17901: 17899: 17896: 17895: 17893: 17874: 17871: 17869: 17866: 17864: 17861: 17859: 17856: 17854: 17851: 17849: 17846: 17844: 17841: 17840: 17838: 17834: 17828: 17825: 17823: 17820: 17818: 17815: 17813: 17810: 17808: 17805: 17804: 17802: 17800: 17796: 17791: 17788: 17786: 17783: 17781: 17778: 17776: 17774: 17770: 17767: 17765: 17759: 17745: 17742: 17740: 17737: 17735: 17732: 17731: 17718: 17715: 17713: 17710: 17708: 17705: 17703: 17700: 17699: 17697: 17695: 17689: 17686: 17683: 17678: 17674: 17671: 17669: 17665: 17662: 17659: 17654: 17650: 17647: 17645: 17641: 17637: 17633: 17626: 17621: 17619: 17614: 17612: 17607: 17606: 17603: 17591: 17581: 17579: 17569: 17567: 17562: 17557: 17555: 17545: 17543: 17533: 17531: 17527: 17526: 17523: 17509: 17508: 17504: 17503: 17501: 17499: 17495: 17489: 17486: 17484: 17481: 17479: 17476: 17474: 17471: 17469: 17466: 17464: 17463:Ari Synagogue 17461: 17459: 17456: 17455: 17453: 17451: 17445: 17439: 17436: 17434: 17431: 17429: 17426: 17424: 17423:Southern Wall 17421: 17420: 17418: 17414: 17411: 17408: 17404: 17400: 17395: 17391: 17381: 17378: 17376: 17373: 17371: 17368: 17366: 17363: 17360: 17358: 17355: 17354: 17352: 17350:Other mosques 17348: 17342: 17339: 17337: 17334: 17332: 17331:Dome of Yusuf 17329: 17327: 17324: 17322: 17319: 17317: 17314: 17312: 17309: 17307: 17304: 17302: 17299: 17297: 17294: 17293: 17291: 17288: 17283: 17279: 17276: 17273: 17269: 17268:Sunni Islamic 17264: 17260: 17252: 17249: 17247: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17229: 17226: 17223: 17222: 17217: 17210: 17206: 17201: 17197: 17193: 17189: 17185: 17181: 17176: 17175: 17167: 17158: 17149: 17140: 17131: 17124: 17116: 17111: 17090: 17087: 17086: 17084: 17082: 17078: 17075: 17073: 17069: 17059: 17058:Christ Church 17056: 17055: 17053: 17051: 17047: 17044: 17042: 17038: 17035: 17033: 17029: 17019: 17016: 17015: 17013: 17010: 17005: 17001: 16995: 16992: 16991: 16989: 16987: 16983: 16977: 16974: 16972: 16969: 16967: 16964: 16963: 16961: 16958: 16953: 16949: 16946: 16944: 16938: 16928: 16925: 16924: 16922: 16919: 16914: 16910: 16907: 16905: 16899: 16891: 16887: 16885: 16881: 16875: 16872: 16871: 16869: 16867: 16863: 16857: 16854: 16853: 16851: 16848: 16843: 16839: 16829: 16828: 16824: 16822: 16821: 16817: 16815: 16814: 16810: 16808: 16805: 16804: 16802: 16800: 16796: 16790: 16787: 16785: 16782: 16780: 16777: 16776: 16767: 16764: 16760: 16757: 16755: 16752: 16751: 16749: 16747: 16744: 16743: 16741: 16738: 16733: 16729: 16723: 16720: 16719: 16717: 16714: 16709: 16705: 16702: 16700: 16696: 16690: 16689: 16684: 16682: 16681: 16677: 16673: 16670: 16668: 16665: 16664: 16663: 16660: 16659: 16657: 16654: 16649: 16646: 16644: 16640: 16633: 16630: 16626: 16623: 16622: 16619: 16615: 16611: 16607: 16600: 16595: 16593: 16588: 16586: 16581: 16580: 16577: 16565: 16557: 16556: 16553: 16547: 16544: 16542: 16541:Well of Souls 16539: 16537: 16534: 16532: 16529: 16527: 16524: 16522: 16519: 16518: 16516: 16512: 16505: 16501: 16497: 16493: 16492:2017 shooting 16489: 16485: 16481: 16477: 16473: 16470: 16468: 16465: 16463: 16460: 16458: 16455: 16454: 16452: 16448: 16442: 16439: 16437: 16434: 16432: 16429: 16428: 16426: 16424: 16420: 16409: 16405: 16403: 16402:Warren's Gate 16400: 16398: 16395: 16393: 16390: 16388: 16385: 16383: 16380: 16379: 16377: 16375: 16371: 16365: 16362: 16360: 16357: 16355: 16352: 16350: 16347: 16345: 16342: 16340: 16337: 16335: 16332: 16330: 16329:Birket Israel 16327: 16325: 16322: 16320: 16317: 16315: 16312: 16311: 16309: 16305: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16293:Southern Wall 16291: 16289: 16286: 16285: 16283: 16279: 16276: 16272: 16262: 16259: 16257: 16254: 16252: 16249: 16247: 16244: 16242: 16239: 16238: 16236: 16232: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16214: 16211: 16209: 16206: 16204: 16201: 16199: 16196: 16194: 16191: 16190: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16177: 16175: 16171: 16165: 16162: 16160: 16159:Western Stone 16157: 16155: 16154:Wilson's Arch 16152: 16150: 16149:Western Stone 16147: 16145: 16144:Placing notes 16142: 16140: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16121: 16119: 16117: 16113: 16107: 16104: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16091: 16090: 16087: 16085: 16082: 16080: 16079:Temple denial 16077: 16073: 16072:Warren's Gate 16070: 16068: 16065: 16063: 16060: 16058: 16055: 16053: 16050: 16048: 16045: 16043: 16040: 16038: 16035: 16034: 16033: 16032:Second Temple 16030: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16017: 16016: 16013: 16012: 16010: 16008: 16004: 16001: 15997: 15987: 15986:Al-Aqsa Flood 15984: 15982: 15979: 15977: 15974: 15972: 15971: 15967: 15965: 15962: 15961: 15959: 15955: 15947: 15944: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15934: 15933: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15924: 15922: 15919: 15918: 15916: 15912: 15904: 15901: 15899: 15896: 15894: 15891: 15889: 15886: 15885: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15872: 15870: 15866: 15860: 15857: 15855: 15852: 15850: 15847: 15846: 15844: 15840: 15834: 15831: 15829: 15828:Dome of Yusuf 15826: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15791: 15790: 15788: 15784: 15778: 15775: 15773: 15770: 15769: 15767: 15763: 15760: 15758: 15754: 15750: 15746: 15739: 15734: 15732: 15727: 15725: 15720: 15719: 15716: 15710: 15707: 15705: 15702: 15699: 15696: 15694: 15691: 15690: 15671: 15667: 15663: 15652: 15648: 15644: 15633: 15629: 15624: 15613: 15609: 15604: 15601: 15597: 15593: 15588: 15585: 15581: 15577: 15573: 15569: 15566: 15562: 15558: 15553: 15542: 15538: 15534: 15530: 15526: 15521: 15518: 15514: 15509: 15506: 15502: 15498: 15494: 15490: 15486: 15482: 15478: 15472: 15468: 15467: 15461: 15458: 15454: 15450: 15446: 15441: 15436: 15430: 15426: 15422: 15416: 15411: 15405: 15401: 15400: 15393: 15392: 15387: 15383: 15379: 15375: 15371: 15367: 15363: 15359: 15355: 15351: 15347: 15342: 15341: 15327: 15323: 15317: 15303: 15299: 15295: 15291: 15284: 15270: 15266: 15260: 15253: 15248: 15244: 15237: 15230: 15226: 15222: 15216: 15201: 15197: 15191: 15189: 15187: 15171: 15167: 15164:Shaham, Udi. 15160: 15145: 15141: 15134: 15119:on 2017-07-17 15118: 15114: 15110: 15107:Ariel, Omri. 15103: 15088: 15084: 15080: 15073: 15065: 15061: 15055: 15048: 15044: 15039: 15032: 15031: 15026: 15021: 15006: 15002: 14996: 14989: 14988: 14983: 14977: 14962: 14958: 14954: 14947: 14939: 14935: 14929: 14921: 14917: 14910: 14902: 14898: 14892: 14885: 14884: 14879: 14873: 14857: 14853: 14849: 14843: 14827: 14823: 14817: 14809: 14805: 14799: 14791: 14787: 14781: 14767: 14763: 14756: 14742: 14738: 14731: 14717: 14716: 14711: 14704: 14690: 14689: 14684: 14677: 14675: 14660: 14656: 14649: 14642: 14630: 14629: 14624: 14617: 14602: 14598: 14591: 14583: 14579: 14573: 14565: 14561: 14555: 14541: 14537: 14530: 14522: 14518: 14514: 14510: 14506: 14502: 14498: 14491: 14477:on 2022-07-16 14473: 14466: 14459: 14445: 14441: 14434: 14420: 14416: 14410: 14396: 14392: 14385: 14383: 14381: 14366:on 2014-07-26 14365: 14361: 14354: 14339: 14338: 14333: 14327: 14312: 14311: 14306: 14300: 14292: 14288: 14282: 14268: 14264: 14257: 14250: 14244: 14236: 14232: 14226: 14218: 14214: 14208: 14200: 14194: 14190: 14189: 14181: 14173: 14167: 14163: 14162: 14157: 14153: 14147: 14139: 14133: 14129: 14128: 14120: 14112: 14108: 14104: 14098: 14096: 14087: 14081: 14077: 14076: 14068: 14061: 14055: 14041:on 2002-07-19 14040: 14036: 14030: 14016:on 2002-07-19 14015: 14011: 14009: 14001: 13987:on 2002-07-19 13986: 13982: 13976: 13962:on 2002-07-19 13961: 13957: 13951: 13937:on 2002-07-19 13936: 13932: 13926: 13919: 13906: 13905: 13900: 13894: 13887: 13871: 13867: 13866: 13861: 13854: 13840:on 2001-12-14 13839: 13835: 13829: 13815:on 2002-07-18 13814: 13810: 13804: 13796: 13792: 13788: 13784: 13780: 13776: 13772: 13768: 13764: 13757: 13749: 13743: 13739: 13738: 13730: 13722: 13716: 13712: 13711: 13703: 13695: 13689: 13685: 13684: 13676: 13668: 13662: 13658: 13654: 13647: 13639: 13633: 13629: 13628: 13620: 13618: 13609: 13605: 13601: 13597: 13593: 13589: 13585: 13578: 13564: 13560: 13554: 13540: 13536: 13530: 13522: 13516: 13512: 13511: 13503: 13501: 13499: 13497: 13482: 13478: 13472: 13465: 13462: 13458: 13455: 13450: 13442: 13438: 13431: 13429: 13414:on 2010-06-02 13413: 13409: 13403: 13395: 13391: 13387: 13381: 13374: 13373: 13369: 13366: 13360: 13358: 13343: 13339: 13336:Cohen, Yoel. 13332: 13324: 13320: 13313: 13306: 13302: 13298: 13294: 13291: 13287: 13281: 13274: 13270: 13267: 13263: 13259: 13255: 13251: 13247: 13246:Shlomo Aviner 13243: 13239: 13235: 13231: 13227: 13223: 13219: 13213: 13207:of Jerusalem. 13206: 13202: 13198: 13194: 13191: 13187: 13183: 13179: 13175: 13171: 13165: 13157: 13151: 13147: 13142: 13141: 13132: 13130: 13128: 13126: 13117: 13113: 13106: 13104: 13102: 13100: 13091: 13084: 13082: 13080: 13078: 13070: 13066: 13062: 13061: 13054: 13047: 13043: 13038: 13031: 13027: 13023: 13018: 13011: 13006: 12992: 12988: 12982: 12974: 12973: 12965: 12957: 12956:aljazeera.com 12953: 12947: 12940: 12939: 12935: 12929: 12913: 12909: 12903: 12887: 12883: 12877: 12861: 12857: 12853: 12847: 12840: 12836: 12832: 12829: 12823: 12816: 12812: 12806: 12799: 12793: 12786: 12785: 12779: 12772: 12767: 12751: 12747: 12741: 12726: 12722: 12716: 12700: 12696: 12690: 12682: 12678: 12672: 12664: 12660: 12653: 12638: 12634: 12628: 12620: 12616: 12610: 12608: 12599: 12595: 12589: 12581: 12575: 12571: 12570: 12562: 12551: 12544: 12536: 12530: 12526: 12519: 12511: 12505: 12501: 12494: 12483: 12476: 12461: 12457: 12451: 12442: 12426: 12422: 12420: 12415: 12409: 12393: 12389: 12382: 12366: 12362: 12358: 12352: 12345: 12344: 12339: 12333: 12331: 12323: 12322: 12318: 12314: 12311: 12305: 12298: 12292: 12276: 12272: 12271: 12266: 12260: 12253: 12249: 12245: 12240: 12236: 12231: 12227: 12226: 12221: 12216: 12200: 12196: 12192: 12186: 12179: 12176: 12172: 12169: 12164: 12156: 12152: 12149: 12144: 12136: 12130: 12126: 12125: 12117: 12110: 12107:Urî Huppert, 12104: 12096: 12090: 12086: 12085: 12077: 12075: 12073: 12071: 12063: 12059: 12054: 12052: 12050: 12048: 12046: 12044: 12042: 12040: 12031: 12025: 12021: 12020: 12012: 12004: 11998: 11994: 11990: 11986: 11979: 11970: 11956: 11952: 11948: 11944: 11937: 11930: 11926: 11923: 11918: 11916: 11914: 11905: 11899: 11895: 11891: 11884: 11877: 11875: 11873: 11871: 11869: 11867: 11865: 11857: 11851: 11844: 11840: 11835: 11819: 11815: 11808: 11801: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11788:Oleg Grabar, 11785: 11778: 11773: 11765: 11758: 11750: 11744: 11740: 11739: 11731: 11723: 11717: 11713: 11708: 11707: 11698: 11696: 11694: 11685: 11681: 11677: 11670: 11662: 11655: 11653: 11644: 11638: 11634: 11627: 11619: 11615: 11611: 11607: 11603: 11599: 11592: 11590: 11581: 11574: 11566: 11559: 11551: 11545: 11541: 11540: 11532: 11524: 11520: 11516: 11509: 11507: 11505: 11503: 11501: 11492: 11485: 11477: 11471: 11467: 11466: 11458: 11451: 11447: 11442: 11434: 11428: 11424: 11423: 11418: 11412: 11404: 11398: 11394: 11393: 11385: 11377: 11376: 11370: 11365: 11359: 11345: 11341: 11337: 11336:Demsky, Aaron 11331: 11322: 11313: 11305: 11301: 11297: 11291: 11287: 11286: 11278: 11270: 11266: 11262: 11258: 11254: 11250: 11246: 11242: 11238: 11231: 11224: 11219: 11211: 11207: 11203: 11197: 11193: 11192: 11184: 11182: 11174: 11169: 11163:, p. 69. 11162: 11157: 11149: 11145: 11141: 11137: 11133: 11129: 11125: 11118: 11110: 11106: 11102: 11098: 11094: 11090: 11086: 11079: 11072: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11053: 11047: 11043: 11039: 11038: 11030: 11023: 11018: 11014: 11010: 11003: 10996: 10991: 10987: 10983: 10977: 10973: 10972: 10964: 10956: 10950: 10946: 10939: 10932: 10928: 10924: 10918: 10910: 10906: 10902: 10898: 10894: 10890: 10886: 10879: 10871: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10853: 10849: 10845: 10838: 10829: 10820: 10813: 10808: 10804: 10800: 10794: 10790: 10789: 10781: 10773: 10769: 10765: 10761: 10757: 10753: 10749: 10742: 10740: 10732: 10726: 10724: 10722: 10706: 10705: 10700: 10693: 10677: 10673: 10669: 10663: 10654: 10645: 10636: 10627: 10620: 10615: 10607: 10601: 10597: 10596: 10591: 10585: 10577: 10571: 10567: 10563: 10558: 10557: 10548: 10533: 10529: 10525: 10518: 10503: 10499: 10495: 10489: 10481: 10477: 10471: 10464: 10451: 10447: 10443: 10439: 10433: 10429: 10428: 10420: 10404: 10400: 10396: 10392: 10388: 10384: 10377: 10369: 10365: 10364: 10357: 10341: 10337: 10333: 10326: 10319: 10314: 10307: 10303: 10297: 10290: 10285: 10281: 10277: 10273: 10269: 10265: 10261: 10254: 10252: 10244: 10231: 10227: 10221: 10217: 10216: 10208: 10206: 10198: 10193: 10190:"Miʿrād̲j̲". 10186: 10184: 10182: 10165: 10161: 10157: 10153: 10149: 10145: 10141: 10137: 10130: 10123: 10120: 10119: 10113: 10105: 10099: 10095: 10091: 10084: 10075: 10067: 10061: 10057: 10053: 10046: 10038: 10032: 10028: 10027: 10019: 10011: 10005: 10001: 10000: 9995: 9989: 9987: 9978: 9972: 9968: 9967: 9959: 9952: 9948: 9942: 9935: 9929: 9922: 9916: 9909: 9904: 9900: 9896: 9892: 9888: 9885: 9881: 9876: 9867: 9863: 9859: 9858: 9856: 9850: 9843: 9839: 9835: 9832: 9826: 9819: 9815: 9811: 9805: 9803: 9795: 9791: 9787: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9767: 9763: 9759: 9755: 9751: 9747: 9743: 9739: 9733: 9719: 9715: 9709: 9702: 9698: 9695: 9689: 9681: 9675: 9671: 9670: 9662: 9654: 9648: 9644: 9643: 9635: 9628: 9622: 9614: 9608: 9604: 9603: 9595: 9588: 9587: 9580: 9574: 9569: 9562: 9558: 9554: 9550: 9546: 9542: 9538: 9532: 9524: 9518: 9514: 9513: 9505: 9497: 9491: 9487: 9486: 9478: 9469: 9462: 9460: 9453: 9451: 9442: 9436: 9432: 9431: 9423: 9415: 9409: 9405: 9404: 9396: 9389: 9388: 9381: 9379: 9371: 9366: 9359: 9358:Matthew 23:28 9354: 9346: 9340: 9336: 9335: 9327: 9320: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9301: 9295: 9291: 9290: 9282: 9274: 9268: 9264: 9263: 9255: 9247: 9246: 9239: 9232: 9229: 9225: 9220: 9213: 9207: 9205: 9198: 9193: 9185: 9181: 9177: 9171: 9167: 9166: 9158: 9156: 9148: 9144: 9140: 9136: 9131: 9130:Genesis Rabba 9126: 9117: 9110: 9109: 9103: 9101: 9094: 9089: 9082: 9077: 9069: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9036: 9029: 9024: 9009: 9008: 9003: 8997: 8990: 8989: 8983: 8974: 8967: 8962: 8955: 8950: 8942: 8939: 8933: 8925: 8922: 8918: 8914: 8909: 8902: 8901: 8900:Mishneh Torah 8896: 8891: 8884: 8878: 8870: 8866: 8862: 8856: 8854: 8846: 8843: 8838: 8836: 8828: 8823: 8815: 8811: 8805: 8797: 8791: 8787: 8786: 8778: 8770: 8766: 8762: 8756: 8752: 8751: 8743: 8735: 8729: 8713: 8709: 8705: 8698: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8668: 8652: 8648: 8647: 8642: 8636: 8620: 8616: 8612: 8605: 8586: 8582: 8575: 8569: 8553: 8549: 8545: 8539: 8532: 8527: 8523: 8522:Meskell, Lynn 8517: 8501: 8497: 8496:aljazeera.com 8493: 8487: 8485: 8469: 8468: 8460: 8454: 8446: 8442: 8435: 8420: 8414: 8399: 8393: 8379: 8375: 8368: 8360: 8354: 8350: 8349: 8341: 8333: 8327: 8320: 8315: 8308: 8303: 8296: 8291: 8283: 8275: 8267: 8261: 8253: 8249: 8245: 8241: 8237: 8233: 8229: 8225: 8219: 8211: 8205: 8201: 8197: 8196: 8191: 8187: 8181: 8174: 8169: 8165: 8161: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8143: 8139: 8135: 8128: 8121: 8116: 8110: 8106: 8102: 8095: 8088: 8080: 8076: 8072: 8065: 8061: 8055: 8048: 8044: 8038: 8034: 8030: 8023: 8016: 8012: 8006: 7999: 7994: 7988: 7984: 7983: 7978: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7966: 7958: 7952: 7944: 7940: 7936: 7932: 7928: 7924: 7920: 7916: 7912: 7905: 7897: 7893: 7889: 7885: 7881: 7877: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7858: 7851: 7846: 7845: 7840: 7834: 7827: 7816: 7810: 7806: 7805: 7797: 7786: 7780: 7776: 7775: 7769: 7766: 7762: 7758: 7755: 7751: 7748: 7744: 7741: 7736: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7716: 7712: 7708: 7703: 7699: 7696: 7693: 7690: 7679: 7675: 7671: 7666: 7663: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7618: 7616: 7611: 7607: 7599: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7552: 7548: 7541: 7534: 7529: 7528: 7523: 7517: 7510: 7508: 7502: 7498: 7491: 7484: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7465: 7463: 7456: 7455: 7450: 7444: 7442: 7433: 7429: 7422: 7417: 7416: 7411: 7407: 7401: 7394: 7389: 7388: 7383: 7377: 7375: 7358: 7354: 7348: 7332: 7328: 7322: 7315: 7311: 7306: 7304: 7296: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7266:Palmer, E. H. 7261: 7259: 7257: 7249: 7247: 7243: 7237: 7236: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7214: 7209: 7201: 7195: 7191: 7190: 7185: 7178: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7164: 7161: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7124:Archaeologies 7121: 7114: 7100: 7096: 7089: 7075: 7071: 7064: 7057: 7052: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7023: 7018: 7011: 7006: 6999: 6994: 6992: 6990: 6982: 6976: 6969: 6963: 6956: 6951: 6944: 6939: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6894: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6855: 6853: 6851: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6820: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6800: 6796: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6772: 6767: 6752: 6746: 6739: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6705: 6700: 6693: 6686: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6667: 6663: 6662: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6641: 6637: 6631: 6616: 6612: 6605: 6590: 6586: 6579: 6571: 6567: 6561: 6546: 6542: 6535: 6528: 6524: 6521: 6517: 6511: 6505: 6501: 6500: 6493: 6488: 6481: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6438: 6431: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6379: 6372: 6368: 6362: 6360: 6343: 6339: 6333: 6329: 6328: 6320: 6313: 6303: 6297: 6293: 6292: 6284: 6282: 6273: 6266: 6263: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6242: 6238: 6237: 6230: 6227: 6223: 6220: 6216: 6213: 6209: 6203: 6199: 6198: 6190: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6176: 6173: 6169: 6166: 6162: 6152: 6148: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6124: 6121: 6116: 6110: 6106: 6105: 6099: 6096: 6095: 6094: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6075: 6071: 6063: 6061: 6053: 6043: 6037: 6033: 6032: 6024: 6022: 6020: 6011: 6008: 6002: 5994: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5978: 5971: 5970: 5969:Mishneh Torah 5965: 5960: 5950: 5936: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5907: 5900: 5896: 5890: 5886: 5885: 5880: 5874: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5832: 5825: 5820: 5813: 5801: 5797: 5791: 5784: 5772: 5768: 5762: 5755: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5703: 5696: 5691: 5689: 5680: 5674: 5670: 5669: 5661: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5639: 5635: 5634: 5626: 5611: 5610:Lonely Planet 5607: 5601: 5594: 5588: 5581: 5571: 5565: 5561: 5560: 5552: 5550: 5542: 5538: 5537: 5532: 5526: 5524: 5516: 5506: 5500: 5496: 5495: 5487: 5480: 5476: 5475: 5470: 5464: 5456: 5449: 5446: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5425: 5421: 5420: 5413: 5410: 5406: 5403: 5399: 5396: 5392: 5386: 5382: 5381: 5373: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5359: 5356: 5352: 5349: 5346: 5336: 5332: 5327: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5301: 5295: 5291: 5290: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5280: 5279: 5271: 5263: 5259: 5253: 5249: 5232: 5228: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5166: 5161: 5155: 5141: 5140: 5136: 5133: 5132: 5128: 5127: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5105: 5101: 5098: 5097: 5092: 5088: 5087: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5075: 5071: 5070:stun grenades 5067: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5055: 5051: 5050: 5046: 5043: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5029: 5028:Yated Ne'eman 5024: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5008: 5007: 5001: 4998: 4995: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4984: 4980: 4978:February 2007 4977: 4976: 4972: 4967: 4963: 4960: 4959: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4943: 4940: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4906: 4901: 4899:February 2004 4898: 4897: 4894:Recent events 4891: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4856: 4852: 4851:Moshe Ya'alon 4848: 4844: 4840: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4810: 4806: 4801: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4781:southern wall 4774: 4773:Southern Wall 4770: 4766: 4763: 4759: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4743:Temple Denial 4738: 4728: 4723: 4713: 4711: 4707: 4706: 4695: 4693: 4679: 4678: 4677: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4664: 4663: 4657: 4654: 4651: 4648: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4634: 4630: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4605: 4602: 4601: 4595: 4592: 4591: 4590: 4589: 4585: 4582: 4578: 4577: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4565: 4563: 4557: 4555: 4551: 4550:Warren's Gate 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4516: 4513: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4496: 4491: 4478: 4473: 4470: 4467: 4463: 4460: 4456: 4453: 4449: 4445: 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Retrieved 5334: 5322: 5318: 5304: 5303: 5288: 5276: 5275: 5270: 5261: 5252: 5231: 5138: 5125: 5102: 5080: 5065: 5062:October 2009 5047: 5026: 5020:Mercaz HaRav 5016:rosh yeshiva 5004: 4999: 4989:Mugrabi Gate 4981: 4961: 4941: 4938:October 2006 4921: 4911:Western Wall 4902: 4876: 4872:Mugrabi Gate 4860: 4855:opus sectile 4833:opus sectile 4813: 4802: 4778: 4754: 4725: 4703: 4701: 4688: 4675: 4661: 4632: 4621: 4574: 4568: 4566: 4562:Huldah Gates 4561: 4558: 4537: 4533: 4519: 4515:Sealed gates 4514: 4465: 4458: 4451: 4443: 4433: 4421: 4410: 4406: 4400: 4396: 4390: 4364: 4360: 4358: 4352: 4341: 4329: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4308: 4285: 4269: 4267: 4253: 4242: 4237: 4210:rosh yeshiva 4206:Yuval Sherlo 4190:Yosef Elboim 4170: 4158: 4155: 4148: 4132: 4096: 4089: 4081: 4060: 4046: 4023:Arab-Israeli 4011:Western Wall 4008: 3967: 3943:Islamic Waqf 3940: 3913: 3890: 3879: 3866: 3859: 3854: 3849:Aharon Barak 3845:Shlomo Goren 3833: 3824: 3803: 3795: 3777:Palestinians 3766: 3761: 3754:Yasar Arafat 3733:Ariel Sharon 3730: 3718:King Hussein 3699: 3691: 3672: 3657: 3637:Shlomo Goren 3630: 3611: 3595: 3591: 3582:King Hussein 3563: 3533: 3517: 3501: 3484: 3457: 3404: 3387: 3373:Abd al-Malik 3370: 3336: 3328: 3297: 3288:In 610, the 3287: 3257: 3244: 3229: 3214: 3206: 3173: 3160: 3154: 3148: 3144: 3137:Roman colony 3127:The city of 3126: 3074: 3034: 3019: 2969: 2962: 2943: 2937:began under 2932: 2906: 2878:Eastern Wall 2867: 2822:First Temple 2815: 2812:First Temple 2796:Thutmose III 2785: 2762: 2752: 2734: 2724: 2708: 2690: 2688: 2660: 2638: 2629: 2621: 2599: 2580: 2551: 2543: 2533: 2516:Mujir al-Din 2511: 2507: 2503: 2485: 2478: 2475: 2456: 2424: 2402: 2355:Qibli Mosque 2325: 2321:John 4:21–24 2314: 2294: 2282: 2262:Augustinians 2242: 2230:New Covenant 2195: 2186:Christianity 2161: 2158:Third Temple 2137: 2070:Mount Moriah 2069: 2066:2 Chronicles 2059: 2050:Isaiah 2:2–3 2039: 2031: 2012:, an annual 2002:Roman Empire 1971: 1912: 1905: 1889: 1878: 1865:First Temple 1862: 1810:Hebrew Bible 1807: 1768: 1737: 1719: 1705: 1701: 1693: 1675: 1657:Western Wall 1629: 1605: 1593: 1587: 1553: 1543: 1530:Jund al-Aqsa 1511: 1494: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1415:Qibli Mosque 1406: 1405: 1378:Orientalists 1374:Mujir al-Din 1347: 1339: 1327: 1315: 1313: 1265:Hebrew Bible 1262: 1244:2 Chronicles 1242: 1222: 1198: 1189: 1182:eastern hill 1170:Hebrew Bible 1157: 1155: 1152:Temple Mount 1146:Irina Bokova 1131: 1091: 1085:, including 1083:Palestinians 1072: 1043: 1029: 1004:Roman Empire 976:First Temple 973: 962: 951:eleven gates 939:early Muslim 899:Western Wall 892: 884:Christianity 863: 860: 856: 810: 809:, or simply 806: 798: 779:הַר הַבַּיִת 771:Temple Mount 770: 768: 699:Municipality 682:Other topics 664:Islamization 632:Christianity 538:Biblical Zoo 508:Western Wall 487:Temple Mount 486: 288:Early Muslim 164:Parent range 144:Temple Mount 33: 24:Temple Mount 18: 17668:Holy cities 17632:Holy places 17272:Grand Mufti 16732:Franciscans 16496:2021 crisis 16488:2017 crisis 16423:Excavations 16397:Lions' Gate 16387:Golden Gate 16307:Antiquities 15936:Inspector's 15676:29 November 15656:29 November 15637:29 November 15617:29 November 15546:29 November 15064:Arutz Sheva 14938:Haaretz.com 14852:Haaretz.com 14826:Arutz Sheva 14659:Arutz Sheva 14634:February 7, 14606:February 7, 14601:Arutz Sheva 14582:Arutz Sheva 14310:timesonline 14235:Haaretz.com 13264:). Source: 13222:Shlomo Amar 13065:Orach Chaim 13060:Kaf hachaim 13028:561:1; cf. 13026:Orach Chaim 12972:The Mishnah 11604:(1): 3–22. 10710:8 September 10682:17 November 10409:17 November 10346:17 November 10170:17 November 9901:during the 9842:IslamOnline 9796:, p. 2168.) 9758:Babylonians 9224:Todd Gitlin 9081:Stefon 2020 9028:Jonker 1990 8966:Pruitt 2014 8936:Sam Sokol, 7874:: 149–164. 7707:Social Text 6615:Arutz Sheva 6005:Sam Sokol, 5812:structures. 5094:conditions. 5091:Danny Danon 4831:, Herodian 4538:double gate 4534:triple gate 4530:Hulda Gates 4222:Meir Kahane 4218:Petah Tikva 4216:yeshiva of 4186:Kiryat Arba 4151:Uzi Narkiss 4124:Haredi Jews 4075:ΘΕΙΝΘΑΝΑΤΟΝ 4049:purity laws 4031:Jewish Home 3955:Levi Eshkol 3951:Six-Day War 3840:Moshe Dayan 3836:Six-Day War 3737:Likud Party 3664:Yoel Lerner 3614:Six-Day War 3548:Double Gate 3454:and Godfrey 3264:Zachi Dvira 3181:Roman rites 2980:Hyrcanus II 2886:Golden Gate 2833:, Koch and 2831:Finkelstein 2713:First qibla 2704:al-Ju'ranah 2462:in 638 CE, 2403:Among both 2243:During the 2028:In prophecy 1972:During the 1828:united the 1216:(3:1), and 1190:Har haBayīt 1188:. The term 1158:Har haBayīt 1128:Terminology 1114:Six-Day War 787:Har haBayīt 659:Judaization 591:Grand Mufti 586:Chief Rabbi 106: / 81:Coordinates 42:Har haBayit 17892:Categories 17807:Patriarchs 17780:Matriarchs 17237:Jaffa Road 17232:Highway 60 17221:Al-Mawazin 17032:Protestant 17009:Archbishop 16685:See also: 16653:Status Quo 16631:since 1981 16476:1990 riots 16467:1969 arson 16382:Al-Mawazin 16354:Royal Stoa 16246:Mercy seat 16084:Tisha B'Av 16052:Molten Sea 16025:Tabernacle 15926:Al-Mawazin 15903:Khatuniyya 15898:Uthmaniyya 15893:Tankiziyya 15888:Ashrafiyya 15485:1148595286 15326:Al Arabiya 15307:2022-04-16 15274:2022-04-22 15206:2022-04-29 15093:2017-07-02 15047:Al Jazeera 15011:2024-03-10 14862:11 October 14808:smh.com.au 14771:2022-07-01 14746:2022-07-01 14721:2007-09-07 14694:2007-07-11 14664:2007-09-07 14545:2024-03-10 14481:2022-07-01 14449:2022-07-01 14424:2022-07-01 14400:2022-07-01 14370:2016-02-06 14272:2024-03-10 14045:2018-04-05 14020:2018-04-05 13991:2018-04-05 13966:2018-04-05 13941:2018-04-05 13873:(Abstract) 13844:2018-04-05 13819:2018-04-05 13773:: 17–105. 13594:: III–73. 13568:2023-04-24 13544:2023-04-24 13486:2023-04-24 13418:2010-07-27 13347:2024-03-10 12996:2024-03-10 12918:5 November 12912:Al Jazeera 12892:5 November 12866:17 January 12643:2024-03-10 12466:2023-01-03 12248:60 Minutes 12060:, p. 12058:Gonen 2003 11960:2024-03-10 11349:2022-05-22 11304:1294393934 11161:Gonen 2003 11134:(3): 193. 11073:, 1.7.141. 10564:. p. 10538:2022-02-02 10508:2022-02-02 10456:2 February 9723:2024-03-09 9052:(3): 198. 8895:Maimonides 8687:12 October 8657:19 October 8625:19 October 8594:19 October 8558:27 October 8506:21 October 8425:2013-10-14 8404:2013-10-14 8383:2024-03-09 8295:Gonen 2003 7820:2022-07-25 7684:2022-05-29 7104:2022-06-30 7079:2022-06-30 7022:Eliav 2008 6955:Eliav 2008 6943:Eliav 2008 6929:2022-06-30 6824:Eliav 2008 6771:Eliav 2008 6757:2022-07-17 6620:4 November 6594:4 November 6307:2022-05-31 6265:Al Jazeera 6156:2022-05-29 6079:2023-07-23 6047:2022-06-15 5964:Maimonides 5940:2022-05-22 5806:2024-05-27 5777:2024-05-27 5695:Gonen 2003 5575:2022-05-21 5510:2022-05-21 5448:Al Jazeera 5340:2022-05-29 5218:References 5134:April 2023 5121:April 2022 5035:and Rabbi 4924:The word " 4918:March 2005 4741:See also: 4444:bronze sea 4435:bronze sea 4405:(known as 4334:baptistery 4184:(Rabbi of 4166:red heifer 4099:Maimonides 4091:Maimonides 3927:See also: 3787:Status quo 3395:al-Walid I 3383:قبة الصخرة 3354:Sophronius 3292:drove the 3278:See also: 3236:Tisha b'Av 3167:, to whom 3161:Capitolina 3143:in 70 CE. 3049:Royal Stoa 2970:In 67 BCE 2950:Hasmoneans 2691:al-Fadhail 2614:Al-Bukhari 2555:and Mi'raj 2393:See also: 2381:See also: 2309:Samaritans 2204:). In the 2190:See also: 2010:Tisha B'Av 2008:in 70 CE. 1963:Zerubbabel 1941:following 1897:Yom Kippur 1854:Tabernacle 1834:Israelites 1786:See also: 1782:The Temple 1732:See also: 1714:See also: 1522:al-Aqsa TV 1431:al-Mughata 1399:, and the 1362:Al-Maqdisi 1279:, and the 1269:Mount Zion 1172:or in the 1164:(4:1) and 1112:since the 1092:Since the 1006:in 70 CE. 996:Zerubbabel 961:porticos ( 959:Mamluk-era 913:and early 903:King Herod 513:Synagogues 404:Common Era 282:325–638 CE 272:130–325 CE 91:31°46′41″N 17694:Jerusalem 17692:Temple in 17677:Jerusalem 17644:Holy Land 17403:Ashkenazi 17399:Sephardic 17121:Christian 16957:Patriarch 16918:Patriarch 16847:Patriarch 16713:Patriarch 16610:Jerusalem 16450:Conflicts 16241:Shekhinah 16129:Dung Gate 16042:Sanctuary 15976:Murabitat 15884:Madrasas 15842:Fountains 15628:"Solomon" 15541:1010-9919 15386:164027682 15370:0006-0895 15302:0362-4331 15200:ReliefWeb 14513:1565-043X 13886:scholars. 13787:0732-2992 13600:0333-5844 12756:9 October 12730:8 October 12705:8 October 12281:April 12, 12205:April 12, 11993:Routledge 11989:Jerusalem 11955:0261-3077 11706:Jerusalem 11618:166015732 11580:Jerusalem 11491:Jerusalem 11269:213854356 11261:0334-4355 11210:840438627 11175:, p. 265. 11148:0944-5706 11109:0022-2097 10990:893162043 10901:0021-2059 10870:1203-1542 10807:368020822 10764:0035-0907 10619:2:142-151 10470:cite book 10446:539086931 10399:1061-1924 10276:0571-1371 10270:: 33–62. 10160:159680405 10094:Routledge 9790:Yusuf Ali 9184:698161941 9068:2077-1444 9046:Religions 8865:torah.org 8788:. Brill. 8473:7 October 8309:, p. 103. 8252:144286697 8224:Day, John 8168:190588084 8160:2356-4644 7943:162230613 7935:0075-8914 7888:0732-2992 7735:234613673 7727:0164-2472 7649:1302-177X 7587:163050043 7571:0035-869X 7503:: 60–68. 7467:and also 7290:0031-0328 7154:157370997 7146:1555-8622 7040:peribolos 6916:0360-9049 6877:0035-0907 6779:copyright 6725:1302-177X 6680:960842983 6550:April 16, 6475:143739581 6467:1084-9513 6417:2159-0370 6409:2159-0389 6255:USA Today 5854:0035-0907 5749:224797947 5733:0006-0895 5671:. Brill. 5615:April 17, 5438:USA Today 5244:Citations 5099:July 2017 5077:July 2010 5044:July 2007 4953:synagogue 4945:Uri Ariel 4930:Jordanian 4849:presents 4829:YHD coins 4459:Great Sea 4417:Bethlehem 4355:behind it 4300:Crusaders 4264:Courtyard 4245:David Lau 3917:Murabitat 3773:Jerusalem 3622:West Bank 3550:chamber. 3391:as-Sakhra 2972:a quarrel 2835:Lipschits 2792:cartouche 2727:migration 2700:al-Azraqi 2696:Al-Waqidi 2618:Al-Tabari 2602:its names 2561:from the 2253:conquered 2245:Byzantine 1880:Jebusite. 1816:owned by 1676:In 1980, 1652:trapezium 1610:, by its 1590:Esplanade 1556:(Arabic: 1472:romanized 1452:romanized 1156:The term 935:Byzantine 876:holy site 872:Jerusalem 864:esplanade 719:Transport 714:City Line 341:Jordanian 332:1917–1948 322:1517–1917 312:1187–1517 302:1099–1187 278:Byzantine 207:Jerusalem 187:Limestone 151:Jerusalem 119:Geography 94:35°14′9″E 71:Elevation 17785:Benjamin 17762:Tombs of 17744:Tiberias 17682:Holiness 17448:Orthodox 17205:Damascus 17146:Armenian 17130:Muristan 17072:Lutheran 16943:Orthodox 16941:Oriental 16904:Orthodox 16699:Catholic 16612:and its 16606:Old City 16564:Category 16514:See also 16089:Replicas 15957:See also 15921:Minarets 15451:, 1999. 15087:Archived 15005:BBC News 14957:Ynetnews 14832:July 11, 14790:BBC News 14521:27131715 14158:(2009). 14109:(1995). 13911:March 4, 13904:Ynetnews 13879:March 4, 13795:27811114 13767:Muqarnas 13608:43588798 13457:Archived 13368:Archived 13293:Archived 13269:Archived 13262:Tel Aviv 13205:Old City 13193:Archived 12831:Archived 12460:BBC News 12425:Archived 12398:29 March 12392:Archived 12365:Archived 12361:BBC News 12313:Archived 12171:Archived 12151:Archived 11925:Archived 11854:Barber, 11824:20 April 11796:Archived 11682:(eds.). 11598:Tel Aviv 11521:(eds.). 11419:(2010). 11338:(1986). 11241:Tel Aviv 11065:Josephus 10909:44474016 10772:44092217 10592:(2004). 10532:Archived 10502:Archived 10450:Archived 10340:Archived 10336:Ynetnews 10236:14 March 10230:Archived 9996:(2004). 9887:Archived 9834:Archived 9770:Nehemiah 9697:Archived 9013:July 14, 9002:"Moriah" 8769:48940385 8712:Archived 8651:Archived 8619:Archived 8615:Ynetnews 8585:Archived 8552:Archived 8524:(2018). 8500:Archived 8321:, p. 43. 8226:(2012). 8192:(2009). 8062:(2000). 7979:(2008). 7868:Muqarnas 7841:(1890). 7757:Archived 7678:Archived 7657:26300531 7579:25208864 7524:(1890). 7505:Quoting 7472:(1811). 7451:(1849). 7424:Also at 7412:(1836). 7384:(1890). 7357:BBC News 7331:Archived 7312:, 1883, 7074:Ynetnews 6924:23509245 6885:44092217 6733:26300531 6523:Archived 6425:45238302 6371:34:13–14 6348:14 March 6342:Archived 6222:Archived 6170:, 1883, 6134:BBC News 5862:44092415 5652:48940385 5533:(2012). 5471:(2012). 5405:Archived 5353:, 1883, 5319:BBC News 5236:located. 5205:As-Sirāt 5172:See also 5146:Panorama 4996:May 2007 4837:tesserae 4716:Minarets 4424:cisterns 4375:Ayyubids 4371:ciborium 4259:Features 4226:ablution 4182:Dov Lior 4128:Passover 3997:Sign in 3813:and the 3762:Jumu'ah, 3724:, under 3687:tear gas 3429:Ottomans 3344:Rashidun 3339:besieged 3307:Rashidun 3303:Persians 3215:Emperor 3159:, while 3045:Josephus 2992:Sabbaths 2986:general 2901:Ritmeyer 2890:Hezekiah 2874:Ritmeyer 2636:— 2588:— 2575:prophets 2540:Muhammad 2417:Muhammad 2319:— 2258:Crusades 2218:Josephus 2086:). The " 2048:— 2014:fast day 1986:Hanukkah 1978:Diaspora 1883:— 1822:Jebusite 1800:depicts 1423:al-Qibli 1354:Muhammad 1349:Surah 17 1218:Manasseh 1166:Jeremiah 1094:Crusades 1066:Muhammad 931:Herodian 925:and the 911:Rashidun 868:Old City 654:Quds Day 482:Old City 298:Crusader 292:638–1099 252:1000 BCE 234:Timeline 199:a series 197:Part of 17848:Ezekiel 17636:Judaism 17498:Defunct 17416:General 17394:Judaism 17282:Al-Aqsa 17242:Jericho 17157:Quarter 17148:Quarter 17139:Quarter 17123:Quarter 16902:Eastern 16799:Defunct 15880:Library 15757:Al-Aqsa 15749:Al-Aqsa 15612:HISTORY 15378:3210410 15337:Sources 15175:19 July 15149:19 July 15123:19 July 15083:Reuters 14987:Haaretz 14966:May 17, 14688:Haaretz 13918:Temple. 13394:Haaretz 13146:113–133 12886:Haaretz 12773:, 1967. 12681:Haaretz 12621:. JCPA. 12598:Haaretz 12431:5 March 12239:Haram's 12158:Geneva. 12062:149–155 11890:Hakirah 11858:, p. 7. 11712:186–192 10302:Judaism 10284:4629098 9969:. 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