512:
547:, preceded the literary movement known as the "Nuyorican Movement". Ultimately, the Nuyorican Movement significantly influenced Puerto Rican literature, spurring themes such as cultural identity and discrimination. The goal of the Nuyorican Movement is to maintain the cultural identity of the Puerto Rican people in a foreign land. This circle of intellectuals, writers, poets and playwrights express their experiences as Nuyoricans living in the United States, including those whose works eventually found mainstream audiences and scholarly attention:
319:
335:
305:
394:
by the indigenous inhabitants were prohibited and punishable by prison or banishment. Even though the first library in Puerto Rico was established in 1642, in the
Convent of San Francisco, access to its books was limited to those who belonged to the religious order. The only people who had access to the libraries and who could afford books were either appointed Spanish government officials or wealthy land owners. The poor had to resort to oral story-telling in what are traditionally known in Puerto Rico as
1483:
1469:
242:
728:
928:
401:
40:
600:
291:
502:
in 1898, many members of the Puerto Rican literary class welcomed them, believing that eventually Puerto Rico would be granted independence. Instead, the island was declared a territory of the United States. Many writers and poets expressed their opposition by writing about patriotic themes through
469:
of the time. Journalists were the first writers to express their political views in the newspapers of the day and later in books. Through their books and novels, they illuminated social injustices, which included slavery and poverty. Many of these writers were considered to be dangerous liberals by
393:
The development of Puerto Rican literature was hampered by the
Spanish colonial government, which ruled over Puerto Rico since the early 1500s. The Spanish feared that, through literature, Puerto Rico would develop its own social and cultural identity and eventually seek independence. Written works
1158:
have written books and documented the contributions that Puerto Rican women have made to society. Arrigoitia was the first person in the
University of Puerto Rico to earn a master's degree in the field of history. Her publications, which cover Puerto Rico's early-20th-century politicians, include:
494:
The period between 1868 and 1898 was crucial to the development of Puerto Rican institutions and the birth of a national arts and culture: there was a pro-independence rebellion, colonial reform, the formation of national political parties, the abolition of slavery (in 1873), and a brief period of
449:
In 1851, the
Spanish appointed governor of Puerto Rico, Juan de la Pezuela Cevallo, founded the Royal Academy of Belles Letters. This institution contributed greatly to the intellectual and literary progress of the island. The school licensed primary school teachers, formulated school methods, and
800:
In 1928, Soto Vélez, along with
Alfredo Margenat (father of Hugo Margenat), Pedro Carrasquillo, Graciany Miranda Archilla, Fernando González Alberti, Luis Hernández Aquino, Samuel Lugo, Juan Calderón Escobar, and Antonio Cruz Nieves founded the group "El Atalaya de los Dioses," which launched the
377:
It was not until the late 19th century, with the arrival of the first printing press and the founding of the Royal
Academy of Belles Letters, that Puerto Rican literature began to flourish. The first writers to express their political views in regard to Spanish colonial rule of the island were
378:
journalists. After the United States invaded Puerto Rico during the
Spanish–American War and the island was ceded to the United States as a condition of the Treaty of Paris of 1898, writers and poets began to express their opposition of the new colonial rule by writing about patriotic themes.
832:
who was to be considered by many as one of the greatest poets to be born in Puerto Rico and who later lived in New York. The inspiration spurred by her love of Puerto Rico is reflected in her poem "Río Grande de Loíza". Other important lyric poets of the early twentieth century include
450:
held literary contests. However, only those with government positions and the wealthy benefited from the formation of the institution. The first Puerto Rican writers came from some of the island's wealthiest families, and they were critical of the injustices of the
Spanish Crown.
1182:, a study of the tobacco-growing regions in the eastern and western highlands of Puerto Rico, is the first book to tell how Puerto Ricans challenged United States officials and fought successfully for legislation that benefited the island. Her book has been praised by scholars.
1586:"A Puerto Rican Literature | In Search of a National Identity: Nineteenth and Early-Twentieth-Century Puerto Rico | Articles and Essays | Puerto Rico at the Dawn of the Modern Age: Nineteenth- and Early-Twentieth-Century Perspectives | Digital Collections | Library of Congress"
1208:, Enrique Laguerre, and Francisco Matos Paoli. These Puerto Rican writers wrote in Spanish and reflected a literary Latin American tradition, and offered a variety of universal and social themes. Major writers who got their start in the 1950s include José Luis González,
1186:
provides an excellent introduction to Puerto Rico's crucial tobacco industry, with fascinating material on farmer organizations and agricultural research." —Herbert S. Klein, Gouverneur Morris
Professor Emeritus of History Columbia University
486:
where they continued to write about patriotic themes while in exile. The literature of these writers helped fuel the desire of some to revolt against the
Spanish government in Puerto Rico, resulting in the failed attempt known as the
1195:
After a nationalist tradition of Puerto Rican writers from the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, authors are catalogued by decade into "generations." Some highly representative writers from the early and mid-20th century were:
1286:
in 1999. Identity politics and the complexities of Puerto Rico's relationship with the U.S. — topics that had dominated the work of previous writers — gave way to the exploration of new genres and themes, such as
523:
During the early part of the 20th century, many Puerto Ricans moved to the eastern coast and mid-western parts of the United States in search of a better way of life. Most settled in cities such as New York and
801:
literary movement known as "Atalayismo." The "El Grupo Atalaya" movement sought to connect the poetic/literary world with political action and most of its members, including Soto Vélez became involved with the
2045:
Almodovar, Coral N. Negron (8 July 2015). "Reclamo de la libertad desde las letras: Giannina Braschi disfruta del rumbo que ha tomado su obra United States of Banana (desde el libro, al teatro y al comic)".
3733:
633:
as a spring board to reflect on Caribbean identity. After this first novel, Hostos abandoned fiction in favor of the essay which he saw as offering greater possibilities for inspiring social change.
3861:
349:
3856:
3836:
1294:, horror, fantasy, and noir, as seen in the short stories, novels, and comics by Pedro Cabiya, the experimentation by Bruno Soreno, and the short stories by José Liboy and Luis Negrón (whose
678:
A trend in Puerto Rican fiction to narrate urban stories and novels about migration and displacement is jettisoned by Puerto Rican authors who themselves migrate to New York City, including
1997:"Bilingual Big Bang: Giannina Braschi's Trilogy Levels the Spanish-English Playing Field," Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi. Aldama, Frederick Luis (ed)
3786:
3723:
3633:
3826:
540:
and had difficulty speaking English. He wrote about his experiences, as well as the experiences of other immigrants, becoming among the first Puerto Ricans to do so in English.
1585:
3851:
3846:
3831:
2606:
Gordis, Yanis. "Island and Continental Puerto Rican Literature: Cross-Cultural and Intertextual Considerations". Special Section: Multicultural Literature, Part IV. In
3816:
3806:
3728:
3801:
3485:
3447:
2430:
3791:
3781:
3776:
3766:
3683:
3643:
2147:
3668:
2262:
2063:"13 Theatre Works That Responded to 9/11: Plays and songs inspired by the tragedies of the terrorist attacks, their aftermath, and the rebuilding of America"
1908:
385:, Puerto Rican literature continued to evolve and many Puerto Ricans have distinguished themselves as authors, poets, novelists, playwrights, and essayists.
2686:
van Haesendonck, Kristian. "Enchantment or Fright? Identity and Postmodern Writing in Contemporary Puerto Rico." In Theo D'Haen and Pieter Vemeulen, eds.,
3771:
3841:
2634:. (Vol. 1: Romanticismo, Vol. 2 Modernismo y Post Modernismo, Vol. 3 Contemporánea, Vol.4 Contemporánea). San Juan, P.R.: Tríptico Editores, 1992-1993.
2473:
411:
The island's first writers were commissioned by the Spanish Crown to document the chronological history of the island. Among these writers were Father
2022:"Leaping Off the Page: Giannina Braschi's Intermedialities," Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi. Aldama, Frederick Luis
2273:
2245:
1763:
495:
autonomy. These events coincide with the promotion of a national culture expressed through literary language, music, architecture, and other arts.
272:
1696:
Riofrio, John (2020-03-01). "Falling for debt: Giannina Braschi, the Latinx avant-garde, and financial terrorism in the United States of Banana".
2249:
1036:, which features Hamlet, Zarathustra and Hamlet on a mission to liberate Puerto Rico, was staged at the Shapiro Theater in New York City (2015).
2377:
3608:
2615:
2171:
3892:
3452:
1333:, Alfredo Villanueva Collado write and publish their works in Spanish on the mainland USA. Puerto Rican authors who write in English include
1142:. His press coverage has ranged from New York City politics, cultural reviews and personality profiles, to the Somos Uno Conference and the
1134:
is a journalist, radio host, and TV commentator in New York City. He has been editor-at-large of City & State NY and editor-in-chief of
744:, whose "Aguinaldo Puertorriqueño," published in 1843, gave her the recognition of being one of the island's great poets. Alejandrina's son
3500:
2756:
1282:
Breakthrough voices of a new Puerto Rican literature began to emerge at the turn of the new century with the publication of Pedro Cabiya's
1125:
1093:
228:
2263:
Veteran Journalists David Gonzalez and Gilbert Bailón Named to the 2013 National Association of Hispanic Journalists Hall of Fame (NAHJ)
1790:. San Juan: Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Puerto Rico y el Caribe y la Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1987. OCLC 19267286
165:
2088:
953:), which dramatizes the hardships of a Puerto Rican family who move from the island to New York City. His prose contributions include
3561:
2837:
2769:
3887:
3290:
445:
from Mexico, in 1806. That same year Juan Rodríguez Calderón (a Spaniard) wrote and published the first book in the island, titled
2419:
2195:
177:
980:
197:
2697:
2601:
1299:
160:
3307:
3265:
3154:
3100:
874:
265:
3275:
3255:
2885:
2867:
2688:
1566:
1100:, about the evolution of US-Puerto Rico relations since 1898, was the best-selling book in Puerto Rico in 2015 and 2016.
2454:
2302:
3601:
2905:
2880:
2847:
2817:
2660:
1849:
1653:
1092:
about the New York/Puerto Rican diaspora, which were recognized with repeated "Best Editorial Writing" awards from the
828:" and published "Arras de Cristal" (1937), which describes the everyday struggles of the Puerto Rican. However, it was
1928:
Cardullo, Robert J. (2018-07-03). "The portable Antigone: Luis Rafael Sánchez's drama The Passion of Antígona Pérez".
416:
3376:
3122:
2978:
2895:
2890:
2681:
2646:
2625:
2587:
2573:
2542:
2534:
2518:
2221:
2029:
2004:
1680:
1639:
1501:
155:
125:
741:
310:
3882:
3457:
2900:
2842:
2749:
2725:
2287:
1905:
1128:
inducted Gonzalez into its Hall of Fame, in recognition of his lifetime of committed and compassionate journalism.
1103:
906:
became the first Hispanic poet to be published by a mainstream publishing house (Random House) with the collection
3405:
3295:
3144:
2857:
2852:
1516:
1012:
whose dramatic dialogues celebrate Puerto Rican artistic expression and acknowledge the works of her compatriots
813:(2011) addresses the history of Puerto Rico decolonization efforts and declares the independence of Puerto Rico.
258:
23:
2709:
470:
the colonial government and were banished from the island. An example of this treatment was poet and journalist
130:
3738:
3530:
3490:
3437:
3300:
3139:
3000:
2956:
2822:
1496:
802:
223:
79:
1971:
1881:
3673:
3594:
3386:
3059:
3032:
2832:
511:
434:
culture, particularly their religious ceremonies and language. He also documented the early exploits of the
3356:
3317:
3127:
2827:
2582:(Bucknell Studies in Latin American Literature and Theory). Bucknell University Press (November 19, 2015).
2062:
1511:
1248:
1165:
Eduardo Giorgetti Y Su Mundo: La Aparente Paradoja De Un Millonario Genio Empresarial Y Su Noble Humanismo;
2592:
Caulfield, Carlota. "US Latina Caribbean Women Poets." In Carlota Caulfield and Darién Davis, Jr., eds.,
3475:
3427:
3250:
2742:
1322:
1113:
218:
105:
1048:
3442:
3366:
3343:
1314:
1213:
1040:
1017:
899:
842:
821:
749:
737:
731:
1044:
622:
471:
340:
3617:
3242:
2988:
2729:
1506:
745:
462:), Puerto Rico's first newspaper. The newspaper was biased in favor of the ideals of the government.
324:
150:
2175:
1672:"Novelization in Decolonialization," Other Globes: Past and Peripheral Imaginations of Globalization
630:
69:
3625:
3432:
3209:
3132:
3069:
2983:
2919:
1609:
1438:
edited by Raquel Salas Rivera, Ricardo Maldonado, Carina del Valle Schorske (Anomalous Press, 2019)
902:'s verses deal with nationality, folklore and regionalism, but also touch upon universal lyricism.
636:
499:
296:
74:
3064:
3037:
903:
420:
366:
is the body of literature produced by writers of Puerto Rican descent. It evolved from the art of
3417:
3371:
3280:
3260:
3230:
2993:
1804:
1390:
Breaking Ground/Abriendo Caminos: Anthology of Puerto Rican Women Writers in New York, 1980-2012,
1224:
1143:
1033:
853:
810:
698:
561:
381:
With the Puerto Rican diaspora of the early and mid-20th century, and the subsequent rise of the
84:
3796:
2674:
Writing Off the Hyphen: New Critical Perspectives on the Literature of the Puerto Rican Diaspora
1675:. Palgrave Studies in Globalization, Culture and Society. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 177–194.
1526:
1338:
1071:
616:
516:
59:
3658:
3554:
3467:
3391:
3381:
3331:
3005:
2931:
2875:
2812:
2777:
2362:
1330:
1306:
1197:
781:
412:
405:
64:
31:
2511:
Los otros cuerpos: Antología de temática gay, lésbica y queer desde Puerto Rico y su diáspora.
1414:
Los otros cuerpos: Antología de temática gay, lésbica y queer desde Puerto Rico y su diáspora,
1236:
1201:
986:
838:
785:
769:
679:
3811:
3718:
3713:
3688:
3678:
3535:
3495:
3312:
3047:
2557:
777:
648:
145:
110:
2317:
1669:
Hitchcock, Peter (2020). Ferdinand, Simon; Villaescusa-Illán, Irene; Peeren, Esther (eds.).
1272:
961:(1915–2007), a prominent voice of Puerto Rican theater, developed a dramatic style known as
660:
604:
334:
187:
3570:
3525:
3520:
3505:
3422:
3348:
3110:
1531:
1085:
1005:
192:
182:
140:
115:
2122:
1256:
438:. These works were sent to the National Archives in Sevilla, Spain, where they were kept.
8:
3754:
3743:
3703:
3698:
3653:
3648:
3638:
3510:
3361:
3201:
3193:
3162:
1739:
1291:
1268:
1180:
Puerto Ricans in the Empire: The History of Tobacco Cultivation in Puerto Rico, 1898-1940
1155:
1135:
1089:
998:
865:
668:
354:
318:
213:
2392:
1350:
1205:
1021:
1013:
958:
857:
834:
3708:
3693:
3575:
3285:
3270:
3175:
3054:
3042:
2802:
2667:
El rostro y la máscara: Antología alterna de cuentistas puertorriqueños contemporáneos.
2239:
1953:
1721:
1521:
1474:
1240:
1124:
which deal with the history, culture, politics and people of Puerto Rico. In 2013, the
1059:
879:
711:
584:
533:
475:
382:
246:
3074:
1228:
765:
621:, a collection of verses whose main themes were the poor Puerto Rican country farmer.
2693:
2677:
2656:
2642:
2621:
2597:
2583:
2569:
2538:
2514:
2227:
2217:
2025:
2000:
1957:
1945:
1857:
1725:
1713:
1676:
1635:
1488:
1209:
942:
887:
849:
2939:
2347:
3663:
3480:
3185:
2961:
2332:
1937:
1705:
1264:
1009:
869:
806:
687:
611:
574:
529:
172:
100:
1941:
1232:
761:
753:
3010:
2459:
1912:
1670:
1657:
1570:
1310:
1029:
829:
773:
703:
458:
In 1806, the Spanish Colonial Government established "La Gaceta de Puerto Rico" (
367:
304:
3167:
2944:
2474:"Breaking Ground: Anthology of Puerto Rican Women Writers in New York 1980-2012"
2396:
WBAI Radio; February 7, 2014; "What's in store for the Puerto Rican Day Parade?"
1552:
Chronology of Hispanic American History: From Pre-Columbian Times to the Present
1416:
edited by David Caleb Acevedo, Moisés Agosto, and Luis Negrón, which focuses on
1342:
1326:
1220:
431:
3025:
3015:
2971:
2797:
2719:
1709:
1346:
1260:
1131:
1117:
1067:
757:
640:
548:
537:
488:
442:
2710:
University of Notre Dame Library, The Hispanic Caribbean Literature Collection
2653:
Diasporic Journeys: Interviews with Puerto Rican Writers in the United States.
1825:
1800:
1563:
1318:
3876:
2639:
Los nuevos caníbales: Antología de la más reciente poesía del Caribe hispano
1949:
1861:
1717:
1169:
Puerto Rico Por Encima de Todo: Vida y Obra de Antonio R. Barcelo, 1868-1938;
1139:
1082:
A variety of journalists and columnists further enrich Puerto Rican letters.
1052:
789:
483:
374:
were originally prohibited and repressed by the Spanish colonial government.
54:
3586:
2231:
1650:
792:
were independence advocates who wrote poems with patriotic inspired themes.
675:
the cultural survival of the Puerto Rican identity after the U.S. invasion.
3180:
3020:
2949:
2637:
Pausides, Alex, Pedro Antonio Valdez, and Carlos Roberto Gómez Beras, eds.
2561:
1276:
1025:
861:
692:
579:
566:
435:
430:
The first native-born Puerto Rican governor, Ponce de León II, wrote about
2307:
February 2, 2014; "Schneiderman set to oust Puerto Rican Day Parade board"
740:
published her first poem "La Ninfa de Puerto Rico" in 1832. Her niece was
2807:
2765:
1334:
1252:
1120:. Over a 25-year career, Gonzalez has written hundreds of stories in the
556:
528:. There they faced ethnic and racial discrimination and other hardships.
466:
424:
400:
371:
2277:; Feb. 3, 2016; “Gerson Borrero reveals Cuomo’s new Secretary of State’’
727:
2734:
2714:
2616:
Cuerpos errantes: literatura latina y latinoamericana en Estados Unidos
2531:
Puerto Rican Poetry: A Selection from Aboriginal to Contemporary Times.
2455:"Lambda Awards honor best lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender books"
1634:. Río Piedras, P.R.: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1990.
1442:
Puerto Rican Poetry: A Selection from Aboriginal to Contemporary Times,
1244:
950:
892:
825:
1062:, who won a Pulitzer Prize and Grammy Awards for the Broadway musical
748:
is considered by many to be Puerto Rico's greatest Romantic-era poet.
348:
2610:
91 (Winter 1988). One of five articles about Puerto Rican literature.
1764:"Hispanic Heritage Month at SED Honoring Hispanic Exemplary Teachers"
1368:
edited by Yarimar Bonilla and Marisol LeBrón (Haymarket Books, 2019)
1305:
Emerging voices on the island include Rafael Acevedo, Moisés Agosto,
2196:
Rosalina Marrero Rodríguez,"Lo que se está leyendo en Puerto Rico,"
963:
652:
441:
Puerto Rican literary history changed with the arrival of the first
2966:
860:
emigrate to Puerto Rico and settle in Juan Juan in 1946. Jiménez's
599:
506:
2792:
1651:
Guide to the Clemente Soto Vélez and Amanda Vélez Papers 1924-1996
1190:
39:
2123:"Lin-Manuel Miranda | Biography, Musicals, Hamilton, & Facts"
1402:
Literatura y narrativa puertorriqueña: La escritura entre siglos,
994:
525:
2724:
a journal of literature, language, and culture is online in the
2566:
Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On The Writings of Giannina Braschi
1366:
Aftershocks of Disaster: Puerto Rico Before and After the Storm,
2211:
1288:
1047:. Also notable in this category is playwright and screenwriter
968:
465:
The first written works in Puerto Rico were influenced by the
2500:. San Juan: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 2004.
2214:
Puerto Rico : the four-storeyed country and other essays
1051:, the first Puerto Rican screenwriter to be nominated for an
972:
423:, who was commissioned to write a general description of the
419:, who wrote poems about religious and historical themes, and
120:
2420:
The History of Tobacco Cultivation in Puerto Rico, 1898-1940
1398:
edited by Joy L. De Jesús (William Morrow and Company, 1997)
931:
You may view and listen to Act 1 - Part 1 of René Marqués' "
2509:
Acevedo, David Caleb, Moisés Agosto, and Luis Negrón, eds.
1417:
1386:
edited by Maria Teresa Babin and Stan Steiner (Knopf, 1974)
1219:
Authors whose careers began in the 1960s and 1970s include
479:
290:
1361:
Anthologies that focus on Puerto Rican writers include:
979:
He helped to establish various theater festivals and the
868:
poems influenced major Puerto Rican-born writers such as
2089:"Jose Rivera's Che Guevara play: 'School of the Americas
474:, who wrote against the Spanish Crown. Some went to the
1058:
Stateside playwrights of Puerto Rican ancestry include
983:(Luis A. Ferré Performing Arts Center) in Puerto Rico.
2148:"Quiara Alegría Hudes Rewrites the American Landscape"
1066:. Miranda, whose parents are Puerto Rican, co-created
498:
When the United States invaded Puerto Rico during the
2382:, March 23, 2017; "30 Years of Somos: Has it worked?"
2292:; June 30, 2001; “NYC; Words, Served Hot, Not Minced”
1632:
Kaligrafiando: conversaciones con Clemente Soto Vélez
667:
about the mountainous coffee regions in Puerto Rico.
415:, who wrote about the history of Puerto Rico, Father
1464:
1424:
Nuestro New York: An Anthology of Puerto Rican Plays
1173:
Introduccion a la Historia de la Moda en Puerto Rico
610:
Prominent 19th century Puerto Rican authors include
2672:Torres-Padilla, Jose L. and Carmen Haydee Rivera.
2620:Rosario, Argentina: Beatriz Viterbo Editora, 2002.
2445:. San Juan, Puerto Rico: Isla Negra Editores, 2009.
1384:
Borinquen: An Anthology of Puerto Rican Literature,
1380:
edited by Roberto Santiago (Ballantine Books, 1995)
941:Among the major figures in Puerto Rican theater is
2580:From Amazons to Zombies: Monsters in Latin America
2431:Tostones and Matzoh, a Puerto Rican-Jewish journey
1408:Literatura puertorriqueña del siglo XX: Antología,
1110:describes the rigid structures of island society.
2669:San Juan, Puerto Rico. Isla Negra Editores, 1995.
2498:Literatura puertorriqueña del siglo XX: Antología
1564:Casa Blanca reveals centuries of San Juan history
1456:edited by Mayra Santos-Febres (Akashic Noir, 2016
370:. Written works by the indigenous inhabitants of
3874:
3448:Puerto Ricans in the United States Space Program
1321:, Maribel Ortiz, Max Resto, and José E. Santos.
1313:, Ricardo A. Domínguez, Ana María Fuster Lavín,
507:Twentieth-century migration to the United States
2145:
1259:. Major writers of the 1980s and 1990s include
1191:Modern and contemporary Puerto Rican literature
756:," which was used by the revolutionists in the
2024:. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
1999:. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
1630:Costa, Marithelma and Alvin Joaquín Figueroa.
1317:, Juan López Bauzá, Alberto Martínez Márquez,
3616:
3602:
2750:
2367:May 6, 2012; "New York's Craziest Councilman"
1788:Evaristo Ribera Chevremont: Voz De Vanguardia
993:(The Passion According to Antigona Perez), a
651:published a historical work that illuminated
266:
2322:April 22, 2012; "Hispanic vote not uno-fied"
2244:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2019:
1610:"Puerto Rican Literature, Art & Culture"
1378:Boricuas: Influential Puerto Rican Writings,
1138:, the largest Spanish-language newspaper in
1126:National Association of Hispanic Journalists
1094:National Association of Hispanic Journalists
2410:; by Carlos Ochpteco; March 27, 2010; p. 30
1448:Puerto Rican Writers at Home in the U.S.A.,
536:, was discriminated against because he was
3609:
3595:
2757:
2743:
2676:. Seattle: U. of Washington Press, 2008.
2248:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1768:Spanish Education Development (SED) Center
1039:Emerging Puerto Rican playwrights include
273:
259:
16:From oral story telling to its present-day
2715:Evaristo Ribera Chevremont; Bio and Poems
2044:
1994:
1740:"'Elemental Creature' - Poem of the week"
1668:
1450:edited by Faythe Turner (Open Hand, 1991)
1426:, edited by John V. Antush (SIgnet, 1994)
2764:
2692:. New York and Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2006.
2689:Cultural Identity and Postmodern Writing
2641:. San Juan: Isla Negra Editores, 2003.
2568:. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2020.
2513:San Juan: Editorial Tiempo Nuevo, 2007.
2212:González, José Luis, 1926-1996. (1993).
2146:Pollack-Pelzner, Daniel (5 April 2018).
2060:
1927:
726:
598:
510:
399:
1695:
955:El Puertorriqueño Dócil y Otros Ensayos
594:
3875:
2352:January 23, 2011; "Idol and the Bronx"
2337:; "Bochinche & Buzz News Articles"
2174:. Manhattan Times News. Archived from
2061:Feinberg, Ruthie (11 September 2017).
1854:Foreign Affairs: America and the World
1554:, p.48. New York: Gale Research, 1995.
1337:, Ivelisse Rodriguez, Lilliam Rivera,
1088:published more than 300 editorials in
3590:
3453:Puerto Rican scientists and inventors
2738:
2117:
2115:
2086:
1300:Lambda Literary Award for Gay Fiction
1161:Jose De Diego el legislador, San Juan
1043:, founder of Casa Cruz de la Luna in
816:
645:The Historical Library of Puerto Rico
3893:Latin American literature by country
2594:A Companion to US Latino Literatures
1906:"Adiós al padre del teatro boricua."
1580:
1578:
1108:País de cuatro pisos y otros ensayos
981:Centro de Bellas Artes Luis A. Ferré
856:(Nobel Laureate, 1956) and his wife
714:, author of "Loca la de la locura."
1612:. La Salita Cafe. 24 September 2014
198:Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña
13:
2848:Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center
2632:Antología de Poesía Puertorriqueña
2551:
2400:
2112:
1644:
14:
3904:
2703:
2535:University of Massachusetts Press
1575:
1502:Cultural diversity in Puerto Rico
3734:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2726:Digital Library of the Caribbean
1481:
1467:
1074:, whose mother is Puerto Rican.
926:
388:
347:
333:
317:
303:
289:
240:
38:
3888:Cultural history of Puerto Rico
2838:1950s Nationalist Party revolts
2523:
2503:
2490:
2466:
2448:
2435:
2424:
2413:
2386:
2371:
2356:
2341:
2326:
2311:
2296:
2281:
2267:
2256:
2205:
2189:
2164:
2139:
2080:
2054:
2038:
2013:
1988:
1964:
1921:
1898:
1874:
1842:
1818:
1807:from the original on 2021-12-13
1793:
1780:
1756:
1517:History of women in Puerto Rico
1410:edited by Mercedes López Baralt
722:
453:
417:Francisco Ayerra de Santa María
2655:New York: CENTRO Press, 2023.
2596:. Woodbridge: Tamesis, 2007.
1826:"The Oxcart | work by Marqués"
1732:
1689:
1662:
1624:
1602:
1557:
1544:
1497:American literature in Spanish
1356:
1077:
913:
803:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
795:
742:Alejandrina Benítez de Gautier
684:Omaha Bigelow and Blood Fugues
1:
2406:"Los Tres Hombres de Delma";
2020:Lugo-Beltran, Dorian (2020).
1942:10.1080/08831157.2018.1492860
1537:
1149:
1098:War Against All Puerto Ricans
657:The Indo-Antillano Vocabulary
532:, known as the father of the
3862:United States Virgin Islands
2478:phati'tude Literary Magazine
2216:. Princeton: M. Wiener Pub.
2087:Vigil, Delfin (2008-01-20).
1512:List of Puerto Rican writers
7:
3202:Puerto Rican crested anole
1995:Stanchich, Maritza (2020).
1803:. Youtube.com. 2008-04-05.
1460:
1323:Lawrence La Fountain-Stokes
1184:Puerto Ricans in the Empire
991:Pasión según Antígona Pérez
945:(1919-1979 ) author of The
519:building on East 3rd street
10:
3909:
1710:10.1057/s41276-019-00239-2
1436:Puerto Rico en Mi Corazón,
1432:edited by Angel Luis Colón
1041:Aravind Enrique Adyanthaya
900:Evaristo Ribera Chevremont
843:Evaristo Ribera Chevremont
627:La peregrinación de Bayoán
545:A Puerto Rican in New York
3837:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
3752:
3624:
3618:North American literature
3548:
3466:
3413:
3404:
3339:
3330:
3238:
3229:
3153:
3118:
3109:
3096:
3089:
2989:El Yunque National Forest
2927:
2918:
2866:
2785:
2776:
2730:University of Puerto Rico
2441:Morales Boscio, Cynthia.
1850:"The Docile Puerto Rican"
1507:Latin American literature
1374:edited by Elena M. Aponte
925:
920:
717:
3857:Turks and Caicos Islands
3486:Buildings and structures
2665:Rosado, José Ángel, ed.
2443:La incertidumbre del ser
1786:Marxuach, Carmen Irene.
1444:edited by Robert Márquez
1396:Growing Up Puerto Rican,
671:, described in his work
643:with the publication of
639:ushered in a new age of
637:Alejandro Tapia y Rivera
3883:Puerto Rican literature
2994:Toro Negro State Forest
2651:Rivera, Carmen Haydée.
2630:Moreira, Rubén A., ed.
2496:López Baralt, Mercedes
2127:Encyclopedia Britannica
1904:Pérez-Rivera, Tatiana.
1830:Encyclopedia Britannica
1249:Edgardo Rodríguez Juliá
1212:, Pedro Juan Soto, and
1154:Historians such as Dr.
1144:Puerto Rican Day Parade
1116:is a journalist at the
1106:(1926-1996) whose work
1096:. Denis's history book
1045:San Germán, Puerto Rico
1034:United States of Banana
1004:Among the Puerto Rican
811:United States of Banana
699:United States of Banana
623:Eugenio María de Hostos
589:When I Was Puerto Rican
562:Down These Mean Streets
472:Francisco Gonzalo Marín
460:The Puerto Rico Gazette
364:Puerto Rican literature
3787:British Virgin Islands
2558:Aldama, Frederick Luis
2172:"Manhattan Times News"
1656:June 20, 2010, at the
1404:edited by Mario Cancel
1392:edited by Myrna Nieves
1331:Benito Pastoriza Iyodo
1307:Yolanda Arroyo Pizarro
1198:Juan Antonio Corretjer
824:wrote under the name "
782:Juan Antonio Corretjer
734:
631:Bartolomé de las Casas
607:
520:
413:Diego de Torres Vargas
408:
406:Diego de Torres Vargas
247:Puerto Rico portal
32:Culture of Puerto Rico
3724:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3362:Operation "Bootstrap"
3313:Shadow representation
3308:Resident Commissioner
3266:Independence movement
3210:Unexpected snake eel
2823:Migration to New York
2818:Immigration to Hawaii
2529:Márquez, Robert, ed.
1972:"Luis Rafael Sánchez"
1315:Zoé Jiménez Corretjer
1214:Emilio Díaz Valcárcel
997:based on the life of
904:Victor Hernández Cruz
884:El Libro de la Muerte
822:Mercedes Negrón Muñoz
778:Francisco Matos Paoli
752:wrote the lyrics to "
750:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
738:María Bibiana Benítez
732:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
730:
649:Cayetano Coll y Toste
602:
514:
447:Ocios de la Juventud.
421:Juan Ponce de León II
403:
3276:Legislative Assembly
3194:Puerto Rican amazon
2578:Brahan, Persephone.
2202:Retrieved 2015-5-13.
1532:Media in Puerto Rico
1527:Nuyorican Poets Café
1430:¡Pa'que Tu Lo Sepas!
1339:Quiara Alegría Hudes
1086:Nelson Antonio Denis
1072:Quiara Alegría Hudes
1006:experimental theater
746:José Gautier Benítez
595:Foundational fiction
571:The Masses are Asses
517:Nuyorican Poets Café
500:Spanish–American War
229:World Heritage Sites
3739:Trinidad and Tobago
3634:Antigua and Barbuda
3163:Elfin woods warbler
2380:City & State NY
1590:Library of Congress
1550:Kanellos, Nicolás.
1372:Boricua en la Luna,
1292:speculative fiction
1284:Historias tremendas
1269:Mayra Santos-Febres
1237:Luis Rafael Sánchez
1202:Luis Lloréns Torres
1178:Teresita A. Levy's
1156:Delma S. Arrigoitia
1136:El Diario/La Prensa
1090:El Diario La Prensa
999:Olga Viscal Garriga
987:Luis Rafael Sánchez
839:Luis Lloréns Torres
809:'s postmodern work
786:Clemente Soto Vélez
770:Luis Lloréns Torres
680:Edgardo Vega Yunqué
669:Antonio S. Pedreira
629:(1863), which used
553:El Bronx Remembered
396:Coplas and Decimas.
3674:Dominican Republic
3377:Telecommunications
3301:Statehood movement
3176:Mona ground iguana
3055:Puerto Rico Trench
3026:Isleta de San Juan
2813:Jones–Shafroth Act
2803:Intentona de Yauco
2613:Loustau, Laura R.
1911:2016-03-03 at the
1882:"Francisco Arriví"
1569:2009-06-14 at the
1522:Nuyorican Movement
1475:Puerto Rico portal
1273:Luz María Umpierre
1241:Manuel Ramos Otero
1225:Angelamaría Dávila
1104:José Luis González
1060:Lin-Manual Miranda
880:Manuel Ramos Otero
854:Juan Ramón Jiménez
817:Universal lyricism
735:
712:Manuel Ramos Otero
661:Manuel Zeno Gandía
608:
605:Manuel Zeno Gandía
585:Esmeralda Santiago
543:One of his works,
534:Nuyorican Movement
521:
476:Dominican Republic
409:
383:Nuyorican Movement
311:Benítez de Gautier
3870:
3869:
3759:other territories
3584:
3583:
3544:
3543:
3400:
3399:
3326:
3325:
3291:Political parties
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3186:Opalescent grunt
3085:
3084:
3065:Grande de Arecibo
2914:
2913:
2698:978-90-420-2118-1
2602:978-1-85566-139-4
2335:City and State NY
1930:Romance Quarterly
1918:February 9, 2007.
1489:Literature portal
1257:Luis López Nieves
1032:. Braschi's work
939:
938:
850:Spanish Civil War
368:oral storytelling
283:
282:
3900:
3827:Saint Barthélemy
3626:Sovereign states
3611:
3604:
3597:
3588:
3587:
3564:
3557:
3411:
3410:
3352:
3337:
3336:
3296:Political status
3246:
3236:
3235:
3213:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3171:
3116:
3115:
3094:
3093:
2925:
2924:
2853:Military history
2783:
2782:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2736:
2735:
2545:
2527:
2521:
2507:
2501:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2470:
2464:
2452:
2446:
2439:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2417:
2411:
2404:
2398:
2390:
2384:
2378:Gerson Borrero,
2375:
2369:
2363:Gerson Borrero;
2360:
2354:
2348:Gerson Borrero;
2345:
2339:
2333:Gerson Borrero;
2330:
2324:
2318:Gerson Borrero;
2315:
2309:
2303:Gerson Borrero;
2300:
2294:
2288:Clyde Haberman,
2285:
2279:
2275:City & State
2271:
2265:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2243:
2235:
2209:
2203:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2119:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2017:
2011:
2010:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1976:Oxford Reference
1968:
1962:
1961:
1925:
1919:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1886:Oxford Reference
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1797:
1791:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1666:
1660:
1648:
1642:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1582:
1573:
1561:
1555:
1548:
1491:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1351:Ernesto Quiñonez
1265:Giannina Braschi
1022:Luis Pales Matos
1014:Luis Palés Matos
1010:Giannina Braschi
959:Francisco Arriví
930:
929:
918:
917:
875:Empire of Dreams
870:Giannina Braschi
858:Zenobia Camprubí
835:Luis Palés Matos
807:Giannina Braschi
688:Giannina Braschi
612:Manuel A. Alonso
575:Giannina Braschi
351:
337:
321:
307:
293:
275:
268:
261:
245:
244:
243:
173:Miss Puerto Rico
42:
19:
18:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3760:
3758:
3748:
3620:
3615:
3585:
3580:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3540:
3531:Public holidays
3462:
3396:
3350:
3322:
3244:
3217:
3211:
3203:
3195:
3187:
3169:
3149:
3105:
3081:
3070:Grande de Loiza
3006:Caja de Muertos
2910:
2862:
2858:Women's history
2772:
2763:
2706:
2554:
2552:Further reading
2549:
2548:
2528:
2524:
2508:
2504:
2495:
2491:
2482:
2480:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2463:, June 2, 2014.
2460:Washington Post
2453:
2449:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2414:
2405:
2401:
2394:Jordan Journal;
2391:
2387:
2376:
2372:
2361:
2357:
2346:
2342:
2331:
2327:
2316:
2312:
2301:
2297:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2257:
2237:
2236:
2224:
2210:
2206:
2194:
2190:
2181:
2179:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2156:
2154:
2144:
2140:
2131:
2129:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2101:
2099:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2059:
2055:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2018:
2014:
2007:
1993:
1989:
1980:
1978:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1926:
1922:
1913:Wayback Machine
1903:
1899:
1890:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1866:
1864:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1834:
1832:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1785:
1781:
1772:
1770:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1748:
1746:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1667:
1663:
1658:Wayback Machine
1649:
1645:
1629:
1625:
1615:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1594:
1592:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1571:Wayback Machine
1562:
1558:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1359:
1311:Janette Becerra
1296:Mundo Cruel won
1229:Lourdes Vázquez
1193:
1152:
1080:
1030:Julia de Burgos
927:
916:
830:Julia de Burgos
819:
798:
774:Nemesio Canales
766:Virgilio Dávila
725:
720:
704:Pedro Juan Soto
597:
591:), and others.
509:
456:
391:
361:
360:
359:
358:
357:
352:
344:
343:
338:
329:
328:
327:
325:Gautier Benítez
322:
314:
313:
308:
300:
299:
294:
279:
241:
239:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3906:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3847:Sint Eustatius
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3792:Cayman Islands
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3763:
3761:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3614:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3591:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3566:
3565:
3558:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3501:Colloquialisms
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3165:
3159:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3057:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3033:Municipalities
3030:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3016:Isla de Cabras
3013:
3008:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2940:Bahía de Ponce
2934:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2798:Grito de Lares
2795:
2789:
2787:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2762:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2717:
2712:
2705:
2704:External links
2702:
2701:
2700:
2684:
2670:
2663:
2661:979-8396590083
2649:
2635:
2628:
2611:
2604:
2590:
2576:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2522:
2502:
2489:
2465:
2447:
2434:
2423:
2412:
2399:
2385:
2370:
2365:New York Post;
2355:
2350:New York Post;
2340:
2325:
2320:New York Post;
2310:
2305:New York Post,
2295:
2290:New York Times
2280:
2266:
2255:
2222:
2204:
2188:
2163:
2152:The New Yorker
2138:
2111:
2079:
2053:
2037:
2030:
2012:
2005:
1987:
1963:
1936:(3): 154–161.
1920:
1897:
1873:
1856:. 2009-01-28.
1841:
1817:
1792:
1779:
1755:
1731:
1698:Latino Studies
1688:
1681:
1661:
1643:
1623:
1601:
1574:
1556:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1478:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1454:San Juan Noir,
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1358:
1355:
1347:Richie Narvaez
1261:Ana Lydia Vega
1192:
1189:
1151:
1148:
1132:Gerson Borrero
1122:New York Times
1118:New York Times
1114:David Gonzalez
1079:
1076:
1068:In the Heights
1018:Nilita Vientos
989:(1936-) wrote
967:and authored "
937:
936:
923:
922:
921:External audio
915:
912:
818:
815:
797:
794:
758:Grito de Lares
724:
721:
719:
716:
641:historiography
596:
593:
549:Nicholasa Mohr
508:
505:
489:Grito de Lares
455:
452:
443:printing press
390:
387:
353:
346:
345:
339:
332:
331:
330:
323:
316:
315:
309:
302:
301:
297:Tapia y Rivera
295:
288:
287:
286:
285:
284:
281:
280:
278:
277:
270:
263:
255:
252:
251:
250:
249:
234:
233:
232:
231:
226:
221:
216:
208:
207:
203:
202:
201:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
169:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
95:
94:
90:
89:
88:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3905:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3756:
3751:
3745:
3744:United States
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3612:
3607:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3357:Manufacturing
3355:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3319:
3318:Supreme Court
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3243:Commonwealth
3241:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3168:Golden coquí
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3101:Endemic flora
3099:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2760:
2755:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2682:9780295988139
2679:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2648:
2647:1-932271-06-6
2644:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2626:950-845-118-1
2623:
2619:
2617:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2588:9781611487060
2585:
2581:
2577:
2575:
2574:9780822946182
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2544:
2543:1-55849-561-4
2540:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2519:0-9773612-8-4
2516:
2512:
2506:
2499:
2493:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2427:
2421:
2416:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2259:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2223:1-55876-072-5
2219:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2200:March 2, 2016
2199:
2198:El Nuevo Dia,
2192:
2178:on 2011-10-07
2177:
2173:
2167:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2109:
2106:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2083:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2049:
2041:
2033:
2031:9780822946182
2027:
2023:
2016:
2008:
2006:9780822946182
2002:
1998:
1991:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1806:
1802:
1801:"Youtube.com"
1796:
1789:
1783:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1684:
1682:9783030149796
1678:
1674:
1673:
1665:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1647:
1641:
1640:0-8477-3238-X
1637:
1633:
1627:
1611:
1605:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1553:
1547:
1543:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1479:
1476:
1465:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:Rosario Ferré
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1140:New York City
1137:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1053:Academy Award
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
982:
978:
975:" (1958) and
974:
970:
966:
965:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
934:
924:
919:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
895:
894:
889:
886:, 1985), and
885:
881:
877:
876:
871:
867:
866:philosophical
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
844:
840:
836:
831:
827:
823:
814:
812:
808:
804:
793:
791:
790:Hugo Margenat
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:José de Diego
759:
755:
754:La Borinqueña
751:
747:
743:
739:
733:
729:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
700:
695:
694:
689:
685:
681:
676:
674:
670:
666:
663:(1894) wrote
662:
659:is valuable.
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
618:
613:
606:
601:
592:
590:
586:
582:
581:
576:
572:
568:
564:
563:
558:
554:
550:
546:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
518:
513:
504:
501:
496:
492:
490:
485:
484:New York City
481:
477:
473:
468:
463:
461:
451:
448:
444:
439:
437:
436:conquistadors
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
407:
402:
398:
397:
389:Early history
386:
384:
379:
375:
373:
369:
365:
356:
350:
342:
336:
326:
320:
312:
306:
298:
292:
276:
271:
269:
264:
262:
257:
256:
254:
253:
248:
238:
237:
236:
235:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
211:
210:
209:
205:
204:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
143:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
98:
97:
96:
92:
91:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
56:
55:Puerto Ricans
53:
52:
51:
50:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
3852:Sint Maarten
3832:Saint Martin
3821:
3755:Dependencies
3515:
3476:Architecture
3428:Demographics
3251:Constitution
3245:(government)
3181:Monito gecko
3021:Isla de Mona
2950:San Juan Bay
2945:Mayagüez Bay
2833:World War II
2793:Pre-Columbus
2720:
2687:
2673:
2666:
2652:
2638:
2631:
2614:
2608:ADE Bulletin
2607:
2593:
2579:
2565:
2562:Ilan Stavans
2530:
2525:
2510:
2505:
2497:
2492:
2481:. Retrieved
2477:
2468:
2458:
2450:
2442:
2437:
2426:
2415:
2407:
2402:
2393:
2388:
2379:
2373:
2364:
2358:
2349:
2343:
2334:
2328:
2319:
2313:
2304:
2298:
2289:
2283:
2274:
2269:
2258:
2213:
2207:
2197:
2191:
2180:. Retrieved
2176:the original
2166:
2155:. Retrieved
2151:
2141:
2130:. Retrieved
2126:
2108:
2100:. Retrieved
2098:
2094:
2090:
2082:
2072:11 September
2070:. Retrieved
2066:
2056:
2048:El Nuevo Dia
2047:
2040:
2021:
2015:
1996:
1990:
1979:. Retrieved
1975:
1966:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1916:El Nuevo Día
1915:
1900:
1889:. Retrieved
1885:
1876:
1865:. Retrieved
1853:
1844:
1833:. Retrieved
1829:
1820:
1809:. Retrieved
1795:
1787:
1782:
1771:. Retrieved
1767:
1758:
1747:. Retrieved
1743:
1734:
1704:(1): 66–81.
1701:
1697:
1691:
1671:
1664:
1646:
1631:
1626:
1616:25 September
1614:. Retrieved
1604:
1593:. Retrieved
1589:
1559:
1551:
1546:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1360:
1343:Jaquira Díaz
1327:Ángel Lozada
1304:
1295:
1283:
1281:
1277:Eduardo Lalo
1221:Jack Agüeros
1218:
1210:René Marqués
1194:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1084:
1081:
1063:
1057:
1038:
1026:Pedro Pietri
1003:
990:
985:
976:
962:
954:
946:
943:René Marqués
940:
933:"La Carreta"
932:
907:
898:
891:
888:René Marqués
883:
873:
847:
820:
799:
736:
723:Early poetry
707:
706:, author of
697:
693:Yo-Yo Boing!
691:
690:, author of
683:
682:, author of
677:
672:
664:
656:
655:culture in
644:
635:
626:
615:
614:, author of
609:
588:
580:Yo-Yo Boing!
578:
570:
567:Pedro Pietri
560:
552:
544:
542:
522:
503:their work.
497:
493:
464:
459:
457:
454:19th century
446:
440:
429:
410:
395:
392:
380:
376:
363:
362:
219:Coat of arms
135:
106:Architecture
3822:Puerto Rico
3729:Saint Lucia
3679:El Salvador
3443:LGBT rights
3367:Real estate
3344:Agriculture
3256:Debt crisis
2984:Dry forests
2868:Immigration
2843:Vietnam War
2828:World War I
2808:Foraker Act
2766:Puerto Rico
1357:Anthologies
1335:Erika Lopez
1319:Luis Negrón
1253:Myrna Casas
1206:Palés Matos
1078:Journalists
1049:José Rivera
1008:writers is
977:Vejigantes.
914:Playwrights
910:, in 1969.
796:Nationalism
673:Insularismo
557:Piri Thomas
530:Jesús Colón
467:Romanticism
425:West Indies
372:Puerto Rico
131:Handicrafts
70:Immigration
3877:Categories
3817:Montserrat
3812:Martinique
3807:Guadeloupe
3659:Costa Rica
3516:Literature
3351:(currency)
3123:Amphibians
2962:Crash Boat
2786:Chronology
2483:2020-04-22
2182:2012-12-24
2157:2020-10-12
2132:2020-10-12
2102:2020-08-29
1981:2020-08-29
1891:2020-08-29
1867:2020-08-29
1835:2020-08-29
1811:2012-12-24
1773:2020-08-29
1749:2020-08-29
1595:2020-08-29
1538:References
1245:Olga Nolla
1150:Historians
951:La Carreta
893:La Carreta
848:After the
826:Clara Lair
166:Television
156:Newspapers
151:News media
136:Literature
3802:Greenland
3714:Nicaragua
3689:Guatemala
3433:Education
3387:Transport
3204:(reptile)
3075:Portugués
2920:Geography
2728:from the
2721:Sargasso'
2533:Amherst:
2408:El Vocero
2240:cite book
1958:166200694
1950:0883-1157
1862:0015-7120
1726:212759434
1718:1476-3443
1302:, 2014).
896:, 1950).
878:, 1988),
665:La Charca
617:El Gíbaro
491:in 1868.
341:de Hostos
178:Monuments
126:Festivals
75:Languages
3767:Anguilla
3699:Honduras
3669:Dominica
3644:Barbados
3571:Category
3458:Religion
3418:Abortion
3281:Military
3261:Governor
3231:Politics
3196:(parrot)
3145:Reptiles
3048:San Juan
3038:Mayagüez
3011:Desecheo
2972:Flamenco
2967:El Tuque
2886:Corsican
2770:articles
2537:, 2007.
2232:27147530
2067:Playbill
1909:Archived
1805:Archived
1654:Archived
1567:Archived
1461:See also
1064:Hamilton
852:, poets
760:. Poets
355:Pedreira
188:Painting
85:Religion
80:Holidays
24:a series
22:Part of
3797:Curaçao
3782:Bonaire
3777:Bermuda
3704:Jamaica
3684:Grenada
3639:Bahamas
3555:Outline
3506:Cuisine
3491:Casinos
3468:Culture
3406:Society
3392:Welfare
3382:Tourism
3349:Dollar
3332:Economy
3155:Endemic
3140:Mammals
3133:Vieques
3090:Ecology
3001:Islands
2979:Forests
2957:Beaches
2932:Barrios
2881:Chinese
2876:African
2778:History
995:tragedy
862:lyrical
526:Chicago
404:Father
206:Symbols
116:Cuisine
65:History
47:Society
3719:Panama
3709:Mexico
3654:Canada
3649:Belize
3576:Portal
3536:Sports
3496:Cinema
3438:Health
3286:Police
3212:(fish)
3188:(fish)
3170:(frog)
3060:Rivers
2906:Jewish
2896:German
2891:French
2768:
2696:
2680:
2659:
2645:
2624:
2600:
2586:
2572:
2541:
2517:
2230:
2220:
2097:SFGate
2028:
2003:
1956:
1948:
1860:
1724:
1716:
1679:
1638:
1420:themes
1349:, and
1289:Latinx
1275:, and
1255:, and
1028:, and
969:Bolero
964:Areyto
947:Oxcart
841:, and
718:Poetry
710:; and
653:Taínos
625:wrote
619:(1849)
224:Anthem
193:Sports
146:Cinema
111:Cinema
93:Topics
60:Jíbaro
26:on the
3772:Aruba
3694:Haiti
3562:Index
3526:Music
3521:Media
3423:Crime
3128:Birds
3111:Fauna
3043:Ponce
2936:Bays
2901:Irish
1954:S2CID
1722:S2CID
1070:with
973:plena
908:Snaps
708:Spiks
538:Black
432:Taíno
183:Music
161:Radio
141:Media
121:Dance
3842:Saba
3664:Cuba
3511:Flag
2694:ISBN
2678:ISBN
2657:ISBN
2643:ISBN
2622:ISBN
2598:ISBN
2584:ISBN
2570:ISBN
2560:and
2539:ISBN
2515:ISBN
2250:link
2246:link
2228:OCLC
2218:ISBN
2074:2017
2026:ISBN
2001:ISBN
1946:ISSN
1858:ISSN
1714:ISSN
1677:ISBN
1636:ISBN
1618:2014
1418:LGBT
1171:and
788:and
696:and
603:Dr.
515:The
480:Cuba
214:Flag
3757:and
3481:Art
3372:Tax
3271:Law
1938:doi
1744:TLS
1706:doi
1167:,
583:),
573:),
565:),
555:),
482:or
101:Art
3879::
2564:.
2476:.
2457:.
2242:}}
2238:{{
2226:.
2150:.
2125:.
2114:^
2095:.
2065:.
1974:.
1952:.
1944:.
1934:65
1932:.
1884:.
1852:.
1828:.
1766:.
1742:.
1720:.
1712:.
1702:18
1700:.
1588:.
1577:^
1353:.
1345:,
1341:,
1329:,
1325:,
1309:,
1298:a
1279:.
1271:,
1267:,
1263:,
1251:,
1247:,
1243:,
1239:,
1235:,
1231:,
1227:,
1223:,
1216:.
1204:,
1200:,
1175:.
1163:,
1146:.
1055:.
1024:,
1020:,
1016:,
1001:.
971:y
957:.
935:".
864:,
845:.
837:,
805:.
784:,
780:,
776:,
772:,
768:,
764:,
702:;
686:;
647:.
478:,
427:.
3610:e
3603:t
3596:v
2758:e
2751:t
2744:v
2618:.
2486:.
2252:)
2234:.
2185:.
2160:.
2135:.
2105:.
2091:"
2076:.
2050:.
2034:.
2009:.
1984:.
1960:.
1940::
1894:.
1870:.
1838:.
1814:.
1776:.
1752:.
1728:.
1708::
1685:.
1620:.
1598:.
949:(
890:(
882:(
872:(
587:(
577:(
569:(
559:(
551:(
274:e
267:t
260:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
