792:, began in 1942 and was put in place to transform Puerto Rico into an industrial colony. Government owned factories were built to shift development to industrial factory work and, eventually, education of the factory work force. One of the effects of the growth of Puerto Rican industry changed the outlook on familial social structure. The United States ideal of small, patriarchal families also impacted the contemporary Puerto Rican family structure in policy. In an attempt to demolish poverty in shantytowns, the Puerto Rico Housing Authority established public housing by example of United States policy. The public housing further disenfranchised the large multi-generation family by dividing nuclear families into public, single-family dwellings. Links to extended family are still an important aspect to the culture of Puerto Rican family structure, however, they have been significantly weakened.
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459:(straw hut) and the hamaca (hammock), the musical instrument known as the maracas, and the method of making cassava bread. Many Taino words persist in the Puerto Rican vocabulary of today. Names of plants, trees and fruits includes: maní, leren, ají, yuca, mamey, pajuil, pitajaya, cupey, tabonuco and ceiba. Names of fish, animals and birds include:
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The relationship between the United States and Puerto Rico makes national identity complicated. Puerto Ricans maintain United States citizenship while aligning with a uniquely Puerto Rican heritage. Although the island's culture is not heterogeneous, Puerto Rico establishes several binary oppositions
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Before the United States captured Puerto Rico from Spain in 1898, the colony was agriculture based. Most worked on sugar cane, tobacco, or coffee plantations. Through the beginning of the 20th century, Puerto Ricans remained agricultural. Operation
Bootstrap, an operation of the United States and the
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At their arrival the
Spaniards expected the Taíno Indians to acknowledge the sovereignty of the king of Spain by payment of gold tribute, to work and supply provisions of food and to observe Christian ways. The Taínos rebelled, most notably in 1511, when several caciques (Indian leaders) conspired to
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The most profound
European influence is that of Spain, the island's colonizer. There are also Italian and Sicilian influences, among others. Spanish influence is the most notable of all cultural influences in Puerto Rican culture. Spanish heritage has left an indelible mark on the island, and signs
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A number of Latin
American countries have also exerted influence on Puerto Rico's cultural identity. In the filmmaking community, co-productions between Puerto Rico and other Latin American countries have created an exchange of ideas and influenced their film conventions. For instance, the Latin
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The shared
African heritage of many Caribbean nations is reflected in cultural pursuits like dance, as well as in local culinary styles. Most regional influences are Latino and Afro-Caribbean. The neighboring islands that have been the most influenced by Puerto Rico's dance and music are
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The culture of
European countries has also influenced the development of the performing arts on the island, especially in music. Many of the island's musical genres have their origins in the Spanish culture, which is responsible for such genres of music as
477:. Other words were passed not only into Spanish, but also into English, such as huracan (hurricane) and hamaca (hammock). Also, many Taíno superstitions and legends were adopted and adapted by the Spanish and still influence the Puerto Rican imagination.
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oust the
Spaniards. They were joined in this uprising by their traditional enemies, the Caribs. Their weapons, however, were no match against Spanish horses and firearms and the revolt was soon ended brutally by the Spanish forces of Governor
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With the introduction of slavery to the colony, the island experienced an influx of
Africans who brought with them the cultural influences of their own tribes. These influences are evident in the fields of dance and music, such as la
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Culturally, Puerto Rican sentiment for the U.S. tends to vary between emulation and opposition, a result of the complicated socio-political relationship between the two. Since establishment as an
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to the United States: American identity versus Puerto Rican identity, English language versus
Spanish language, Protestant versus Catholic, and British heritage versus Hispanic heritage.
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The Taínos, far more than the Caribs, contributed to the everyday life and language that evolved during the
Spanish occupation. Taíno place names are still used for such towns as
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A subgroup of the Arawakan aboriginals, a group of Native Americans in northeastern South America, inhabited the Greater Antilles, but Puerto Rico was inhabited predominantly by
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venue. The sport was passed in families, from generation to generation. There are 71 official venues and hundreds of thousands of people attend events each year. In
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in 1898, traditional economics, social structure, nationalism, and culture in Puerto Rico has been affected by Puerto Rico's relationship with the U.S.
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and Dominican immigration has been producing many new cultural influences. Significant cultural exchange has been evident between Puerto Rico and the
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is the result of a number of internal and indigenous influences, both past and present. Modern cultural manifestations showcase the island's rish
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asked for a reprieve stating the industry brings in $ 9 million each year and people employed in the industry would be left destitute.
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As a result, Taíno culture, language, and traditions were generally decimated, and were claimed to have "vanished" 20 years after
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of this cultural exchange can be found everywhere, from the Colonial architecture and official language to the island's
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Dunay, Jorge. "Nation on the Move: The Construction of Cultural Identities in Puerto Rico and the Diaspora" in
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a cockfight can be seen. In December 2019, cockfighting again became illegal in Puerto Rico, but Governor
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1326:"Overlooked No More: Julia de Burgos, a Poet Who Helped Shape Puerto Rico's Identity (Published 2018)"
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746:"El desastre es la colonia" (the disaster is the colony), words seen on light meter six months after
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painted by Hipolito Marte Martinez, "In Puerto Rico, Melchior is always represented with dark skin"
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Rooster fighting is a sport that has been part of the Puerto Rican culture for centuries. In 1845,
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arrived. Since the early 26st century, efforts have been made to revive and rebuild Taíno culture.
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It is believed that Taíno settlements ranged from single families to groups of 3,000 people.
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with its origins in Puerto Rico, the Spanish language version of Jamaican Reggae. Eventually
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Safa, Helen. "The Transformation of Puerto Rico: The Impact of Modernization Ideology" in
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Safa, Helen. "The Transformation of Puerto Rico: The Impact of Modernization Ideology" in
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Many Taíno implements and techniques were copied directly by the Europeans, including the
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güiro, bohío, batey, caney, hamaca, nasa, petate, coy, barbacoa, batea, cabuya, casabe
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mucaro, guaraguao, iguana, cobo, carey, jicotea, guabina, manati, buruquena and juey
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is gaining greater renown outside the island for its traditional and fusion foods.
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with Cuban artists, and also helped Dominican artists with the development of
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sense of humor and fantastical elements are evident in Puerto Rican films.
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299:'La escuelo del Maestro Cordero' by Puerto Rican artist Francisco Oller.
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356: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1368:. Aldama, Frederick Luis; O'Dwyer, Tess. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Pittsburgh.
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The Atlantic. Cari Romm. 17 September 2015. Accessed 4 September 2021.
1230:"Culture or Cruelty? Puerto Rico Says No to Federal Cockfighting Ban"
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1170:"La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico"
1062:"Taino Tribal Census Registration: A Record of Hope and Survival"
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Poets, philosophers, lovers: on the writings of Giannina Braschi
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and help create an identitu that is uniquely Puerto Rican -
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could lack a church, but no barrio of Puerto Rico lacked a
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Puerto Rico in the American Century: A History Since 1898
318:(Native American), Spanish, African, and North American.
1109:"History; St Florent & The North East Corsica Guide"
1018:""Puerto Rico: Culture", Puerto Rico Convention Center"
1250:. The University of North Carolina Press, 2007, p. 14.
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US and Puerto Rico flags on a building in Puerto Rico
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have helped Puerto Rico gain international acclaim.
1417:Cuentos folklóricos de las montañas de Puerto Rico
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2158:Puerto Ricans in the United States Space Program
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790:Puerto Rico Economic Development Administration
768:, sugar mill complex in Puerto Rico painted by
1138:"unesco heritage site in puerto rico Archives"
2634:Culture of insular areas of the United States
2312:
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1419:]. Ithaca, NY: Rutgers University Press.
1048:Puerto Rico: A Political and Cultural History
863:– poets, novelists, and playwrights, such as
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976:List of Puerto Rican slang words and phrases
728:Puerto Rican style Patois mixed with Spanish
465:. As well as other objects and instruments:
2605:Semi-autonomous territories are in italics.
2328:Culture of Latin America and the Caribbean
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1413:Folk Stories from the Hills of Puerto Rico
1261:The Journal of Latin American Anthropology
1088:What Your DNA Says About Medieval History.
535:and its bay from other invaders. Parts of
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981:African influence in Puerto Rican culture
961:History of performing arts in Puerto Rico
372:Learn how and when to remove this message
2629:Caribbean culture by dependent territory
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401:Statue in Old San Juan, photographed by
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1272:Cook, James. "Operation Bootstrap" in
1228:Mazzei, Patricia (December 18, 2019).
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903:poetry, and inspired many songwriters.
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2163:Puerto Rican scientists and inventors
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1246:Ayala, Cesar J. and Bernabe, Rafael.
1068:from the original on 25 November 2014
1064:. La Salita Cafe. 14 September 2014.
685:has shared creating great passionate
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1162:
354:adding citations to reliable sources
325:
946:Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico
698:Puerto Rican artists helped create
491:Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico
208:Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña
24:
1558:Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center
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971:Spanish immigration to Puerto Rico
487:Spanish immigration to Puerto Rico
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1439:Institute of Puerto Rican Culture
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956:German immigration to Puerto Rico
951:French immigration to Puerto Rico
941:Cultural diversity in Puerto Rico
503:German immigration to Puerto Rico
495:French immigration to Puerto Rico
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2420:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1046:Morales Carrión, Arturo (1983).
966:Irish immigration to Puerto Rico
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499:Irish immigration to Puerto Rico
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1548:1950s Nationalist Party revolts
1390:from the original on 2021-10-09
1355:
1344:from the original on 2020-10-11
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1210:from the original on 2021-10-09
1180:from the original on 2020-10-06
1148:from the original on 2021-10-09
1119:from the original on 2021-10-09
664:The Caribbean and Latin America
341:needs additional citations for
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1174:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
1050:. New York: Norton & Co.
714:, especially the islands of
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1912:Puerto Rican crested anole
1302:. Vol. 19, Number 1, p. 48.
1289:. Vol. 19, Number 1, p. 46.
1276:. Vol. 150, Issue 4, p. 50.
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817:Architecture of Puerto Rico
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545:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
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1315:. Vol. 27, Issue 1, p. 10.
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1287:Transforming Anthropology
1263:. Vol. 6, Issue 2, p. 76.
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2196:Buildings and structures
907:Puerto Rican comic books
778:unincorporated territory
518:in San Juan, Puerto Rico
1704:Toro Negro State Forest
1411:Ocasio, Rafael (2021).
861:Puerto Rican literature
633:, and most recently in
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2624:Culture of Puerto Rico
1425:10.36019/9781978823020
1362:Stavans, Ilan (2020).
1198:Development, PodBean.
999:Latin American culture
887:—Composed in Spanish,
855:Cuisine of Puerto Rico
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42:Culture of Puerto Rico
2410:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2072:Operation "Bootstrap"
2023:Shadow representation
2018:Resident Commissioner
1976:Independence movement
1920:Unexpected snake eel
1533:Migration to New York
1528:Immigration to Hawaii
912:Sports in Puerto Rico
849:Cinema of Puerto Rico
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1986:Legislative Assembly
1904:Puerto Rican amazon
1313:American Ethnologist
879:Music of Puerto Rico
643:Puerto Rican Spanish
610:Wanda Vázquez Garced
429:Christopher Columbus
350:improve this article
239:World Heritage Sites
18:Puerto Rican culture
2432:Trinidad and Tobago
2344:Antigua and Barbuda
1873:Elfin woods warbler
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885:Puerto Rican poetry
766:Hacienda La Fortuna
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2087:Telecommunications
2011:Statehood movement
1886:Mona ground iguana
1765:Puerto Rico Trench
1736:Isleta de San Juan
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1513:Intentona de Yauco
1330:The New York Times
1234:The New York Times
1142:Puerto Rico By GPS
1094:2021-08-30 at the
1024:on January 2, 2007
932:Puerto Rico portal
873:Lin-Manual Miranda
843:Art in Puerto Rico
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2028:Supreme Court
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1878:Golden coquí
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1811:Endemic flora
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782:United States
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602:'s video for
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581:
580:Manuel Alonso
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362:November 2014
355:
351:
345:
344:
339:This section
337:
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297:
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102:
101:
96:
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88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
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73:
71:
68:
66:
65:Puerto Ricans
63:
62:
61:
60:
56:
55:
51:
47:
46:
43:
40:
39:
35:
31:
30:
27:
19:
2604:
2598:Dependencies
2555:
2426:Sint Maarten
2425:
2403:
2402:
2371:
2349:
2186:Architecture
2177:
2138:Demographics
1961:Constitution
1955:(government)
1891:Monito gecko
1731:Isla de Mona
1660:San Juan Bay
1655:Mayagüez Bay
1543:World War II
1503:Pre-Columbus
1416:
1412:
1392:. Retrieved
1364:
1357:
1346:. Retrieved
1329:
1320:
1312:
1307:
1299:
1294:
1286:
1281:
1273:
1268:
1260:
1255:
1247:
1242:
1233:
1223:
1212:. Retrieved
1203:
1193:
1182:. Retrieved
1173:
1150:. Retrieved
1141:
1132:
1121:. Retrieved
1112:
1103:
1087:
1082:
1070:. Retrieved
1056:
1047:
1026:. Retrieved
1022:the original
1012:
992:
991:
808:
794:
786:
775:
765:
732:
697:
667:
658:storytelling
647:
628:
622:
619:
600:Daddy Yankee
596:cockfighting
577:
570:
564:
558:
552:
549:
541:La Fortaleza
537:Old San Juan
533:Old San Juan
521:
506:
452:
433:
426:
418:
413:
407:
385:
368:
359:
348:Please help
343:verification
340:
304:
302:
229:Coat of arms
116:Architecture
41:
26:
2469:El Salvador
2415:Saint Lucia
2404:Puerto Rico
2153:LGBT rights
2077:Real estate
2054:Agriculture
1966:Debt crisis
1694:Dry forests
1578:Immigration
1553:Vietnam War
1538:World War I
1518:Foraker Act
1476:Puerto Rico
1072:28 November
700:Salsa music
605:Barrio Fino
307:Puerto Rico
305:culture of
141:Handicrafts
80:Immigration
2618:Categories
2464:Costa Rica
2226:Literature
2061:(currency)
1833:Amphibians
1672:Crash Boat
1496:Chronology
1394:2020-10-06
1384:1143649021
1348:2020-10-06
1214:2021-10-09
1184:2020-10-06
1152:2020-10-06
1123:2021-10-09
1028:January 4,
1005:References
829:Jose Firpi
726:, such as
652:, such as
525:literature
507:ooga boiga
414:yucayeque.
322:Influences
176:Television
166:Newspapers
161:News media
146:Literature
2587:Venezuela
2525:Argentina
2484:Nicaragua
2474:Guatemala
2336:Caribbean
2143:Education
2097:Transport
1914:(reptile)
1785:Portugués
1630:Geography
1338:0362-4331
893:Nuyorican
889:Spanglish
716:St. Croix
706:. Recent
692:reggaeton
637:reggaeton
585:El Gíbaro
188:Monuments
136:Festivals
85:Languages
2577:Suriname
2567:Paraguay
2545:Colombia
2479:Honduras
2378:Dominica
2361:Barbados
2281:Category
2168:Religion
2128:Abortion
1991:Military
1971:Governor
1941:Politics
1906:(parrot)
1855:Reptiles
1758:San Juan
1748:Mayagüez
1721:Desecheo
1682:Flamenco
1677:El Tuque
1596:Corsican
1480:articles
1388:Archived
1342:Archived
1208:Archived
1178:Archived
1146:Archived
1117:Archived
1092:Archived
1066:Archived
993:General:
918:See also
897:American
800:Pursuits
772:in 1885.
704:Merengue
654:Santeria
543:are now
516:dominoes
440:Mayagüez
198:Painting
95:Religion
90:Holidays
34:a series
32:Part of
2582:Uruguay
2550:Ecuador
2530:Bolivia
2398:Jamaica
2388:Grenada
2372:Curaçao
2356:Bahamas
2265:Outline
2216:Cuisine
2201:Casinos
2178:Culture
2116:Society
2102:Welfare
2092:Tourism
2059:Dollar
2042:Economy
1865:Endemic
1850:Mammals
1843:Vieques
1800:Ecology
1711:Islands
1689:Forests
1667:Beaches
1642:Barrios
1591:Chinese
1586:African
1488:History
823:era to
780:of the
724:Culebra
720:Vieques
708:Haitian
679:Jamaica
448:Humacao
312:history
216:Symbols
126:Cuisine
75:History
57:Society
2562:Guyana
2535:Brazil
2507:Mexico
2489:Panama
2459:Belize
2286:Portal
2246:Sports
2206:Cinema
2148:Health
1996:Police
1922:(fish)
1898:(fish)
1880:(frog)
1770:Rivers
1616:Jewish
1606:German
1601:French
1478:
1382:
1372:
1336:
1274:Forbes
899:, and
871:, and
722:, and
683:Panama
677:, and
673:, the
616:Africa
591:barrio
569:, and
554:decima
501:, and
481:Europe
446:, and
444:Caguas
436:Utuado
410:Tainos
234:Anthem
203:Sports
156:Cinema
121:Cinema
103:Topics
70:Jíbaro
36:on the
2540:Chile
2393:Haiti
2350:Aruba
2272:Index
2236:Music
2231:Media
2133:Crime
1838:Birds
1821:Fauna
1753:Ponce
1646:Bays
1611:Irish
1415:[
630:plena
627:, la
624:bomba
572:mambo
566:danza
474:canoa
456:bohio
393:Taíno
316:Taíno
193:Music
171:Radio
151:Media
131:Dance
2572:Peru
2366:Cuba
2221:Flag
1380:OCLC
1370:ISBN
1334:ISSN
1074:2014
1030:2007
901:slam
835:and
671:Cuba
560:seis
539:and
527:and
471:and
386:Tano
303:The
224:Flag
2191:Art
2082:Tax
1981:Law
1421:doi
827:by
352:by
111:Art
2620::
1386:.
1378:.
1340:.
1328:.
1232:.
1206:.
1202:.
1176:.
1172:.
1161:^
1144:.
1140:.
1115:.
1111:.
1038:^
895:,
867:,
831:,
730:.
718:,
681:.
575:.
563:,
557:,
547:.
497:,
493:,
489:,
442:,
438:,
424:.
2320:e
2313:t
2306:v
1468:e
1461:t
1454:v
1427:.
1423::
1397:.
1351:.
1236:.
1217:.
1187:.
1155:.
1126:.
1076:.
1032:.
839:.
375:)
369:(
364:)
360:(
346:.
284:e
277:t
270:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
