322:
306:
51:
245:
363:
In the spring of 48 BC, Ptolemy XIII and
Pothinus attempted to depose Cleopatra due to her increasing status as queen. Her face appeared on minted coins, for example, while Ptolemy XIII's name was omitted on official documents. Ptolemy intended to become main ruler, with Pothinus acting as the power
406:
When Caesar arrived he was presented with the head of his deceased rival and former ally, but reportedly, instead of being pleased, Caesar reacted with disgust and ordered that Pompey's body be located and given a proper Roman funeral. Cleopatra VII proved more successful in winning Caesar's favor
414:
Still determined to depose
Cleopatra VII, Ptolemy XIII allied himself with Arsinoe IV. Jointly, they organized the factions of the army loyal to them against those loyal to Cleopatra VII and the relatively small part of his army that had accompanied Caesar to Egypt. The battle between the warring
528:
Numbering the
Ptolemies is a modern convention. Older sources may give a number one higher or lower. The most reliable way of determining which Ptolemy is being referred to in any given case is by epithet (e.g. "Philopator"). His name means "Ptolemy,
438:
river. Whether he was attempting to flee or was seeking negotiations remains uncertain from sources of the time. Cleopatra VII remained the unchallenged ruler of Egypt, although she named their younger brother
50:
434:
ensued and resulted in a victory for Caesar and
Cleopatra, forcing Ptolemy XIII to flee the city. He reportedly drowned on 13 January 47 BC while attempting to cross the
5627:
407:
and became his lover. Caesar arranged the execution of
Pothinus and the official return to the throne of Cleopatra VII, though she had never officially
1667:
352:(r. 51–30 BC), with the couple ruling as co-rulers. In October 50 BC, Ptolemy XIII was promoted to senior ruler along with her, although the eunuch
266:
1924:
731:
5731:
222:. Cleopatra's exit from Egypt caused a civil war to break out between the pharaohs. Ptolemy later ruled jointly with his other sister,
5642:
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543:
5741:
5617:
5612:
5736:
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601:
376:, but she soon organized her own army and a civil war began in Egypt. Soon their other sister started to claim the throne as
395:. Initially, Ptolemy XIII pretended to have accepted his request, but on 29 September 48 BC, he had the general murdered by
5632:
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591:
348:
in the spring of 51 BC at the age of 11. His father had stipulated that
Ptolemy XIII would be married to his older sister
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481:. Ptolemy and his fight with Caesar and Cleopatra for control of Egypt also feature in the HBO TV series
467:
420:
210:; c. 62 BC – 13 January 47 BC) was Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 47 BC, and one of the last members of the
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577:
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is broken the moment the general lays eyes on
Cleopatra. After Caesar's victory at the
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917:
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400:
388:
512:, Ptolemy is seen escaping in a boat which is attacked by crocodiles; he drowns.
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144:
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544:"Cassius Dio Cocceianus, Historiae Romanae, book 42, chapter 36, section 1"
403:
in hopes of winning favor with Caesar when the victorious general arrived.
329:
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1217:
1209:
691:
500:, in which he is presented as a weak young man and puppet ruler to the
494:
Ptolemy's civil war with
Cleopatra is recounted in the 2017 video game
423:), which suffered serious damage. Around this time, the burning of the
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223:
175:
99:
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56:
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77:
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2295:
2174:
2065:
1461:
341:
340:(r. 80–58 BC and 55–51 BC), Ptolemy XIII succeeded his father as
69:
2186:
372:
Ptolemy XIII and
Pothinus managed to force Cleopatra to flee to
5429:
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4819:
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4395:
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357:
314:
504:
who drove him to depose his sister. His brittle alliance with
5515:
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5284:
5262:
4920:
3829:
3817:
3730:
3647:
3498:
3432:
3094:
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2330:
2316:
201:
40:
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4522:
3723:
3053:
2873:
2855:
2740:
2522:
2517:
2351:
2143:
435:
3472:
63:, published c. 1736, based on a 1st-century BC medallion.
4693:
391:
came to Egypt seeking refuge from his pursuing rival
380:(r. 48–47 BC), further complicating the situation.
623:entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
5693:
415:factions occurred in mid-December 48 BC inside
430:Upon the arrival of Roman reinforcements, the
2159:
725:
273:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2166:
2152:
732:
718:
49:
293:Learn how and when to remove this message
5576:
589:
320:
304:
14:
5694:
4723:
4088:
3190:
2216:
739:
567:Plutarch, Life of Julius Caesar, 49:3.
446:
5575:
4692:
4057:
3159:
2185:
2147:
1664:Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos
713:
218:and the brother of and co-ruler with
5228:
2132:Hellenistic rulers were preceded by
271:adding citations to reliable sources
238:
234:
24:
25:
5753:
5732:Pharaohs of the Ptolemaic dynasty
614:
27:Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 47 BC
443:(r. 47–44 BC) her new co-ruler.
243:
173:prob. 13 January 47 BC (aged 14)
461:("Julius Caesar in Egypt") and
214:(305–30 BC). He was the son of
631:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
583:
570:
561:
536:
522:
411:her marriage to Ptolemy XIII.
328:, Ptolemy XIII's sister-wife (
13:
1:
5737:Monarchs who died as children
5186:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
2136:in most of their territories.
934:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
621:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
515:
194:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
42:Πτολεμαίος ΙΓ΄ Θεός Φιλοπάτωρ
35:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
5742:People of Caesar's civil war
2173:
576:Aulus Gellius. Attic Nights
367:
336:Son of the Egyptian Pharaoh
229:
7:
5119:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
929:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
475:in the 1963 motion picture
421:Siege of Alexandria (47 BC)
10:
5758:
4018:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
3402:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
3166:Second Intermediate Period
432:Battle of the Nile (47 BC)
202:
41:
5680:
5582:
5571:
5469:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
5213:
5159:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
5054:
5026:
5011:
4974:
4946:
4906:
4888:
4838:
4771:
4756:
4714:
4710:
4688:
4638:
4615:
4548:
4471:
4409:
4361:
4346:
4279:
4226:
4138:
4123:
4079:
4075:
4064:Third Intermediate Period
4053:
3976:
3935:
3843:
3775:
3623:
3391:
3376:
3312:
3286:
3238:
3223:
3181:
3177:
3155:
3110:
3070:
2945:
2930:
2864:
2806:
2749:
2690:
2675:
2565:
2494:
2479:
2380:
2264:
2249:
2207:
2203:
2192:First Intermediate Period
2181:
2130:
2036:
1867:
1774:
1716:
1629:
1550:
1357:
1279:
1231:
1208:
1050:
1007:
878:
834:Antigonus I Monophthalmus
824:
781:
748:
697:
673:
661:
656:
629:
203:Πτολεμαῖος Θεός Φιλοπάτωρ
181:
169:
161:
150:
140:
125:
115:
105:
88:
75:
68:
48:
39:
34:
5181:Cleopatra VII Philopator
3438:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
2196: (<3150–2040 BC)
1195:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
994:Cleopatra VII Philopator
497:Assassin's Creed Origins
383:At this point, defeated
5712:1st-century BC pharaohs
5154:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
5069:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
3363:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
1992:'s attempted rule with
1673:Mithridates V Euergetes
1085:Antiochus III the Great
898:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
839:Demetrius I Poliorcetes
763:Alexander III the Great
596:. Tempus. p. 102.
533:Beloved of his Father".
458:Giulio Cesare in Egitto
309:Ptolemy XIII's father,
61:Élisabeth Sophie Chéron
5717:Ancient child monarchs
5196:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
5175:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
5169:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
5124:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
5094:Arsinoe III Philopator
4008:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
3478:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
3418:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
3009:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
1776:Monarchs of Cappadocia
1678:Mithridates VI Eupator
1200:Philip II Philoromaeus
1185:Antiochus XII Dionysus
1175:Demetrius III Eucaerus
1170:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
1155:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
1095:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
1090:Seleucus IV Philopator
1075:Seleucus II Callinicus
974:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
849:Demetrius II Aetolicus
590:Southern, Pat (2000).
453:George Frideric Handel
333:
318:
120:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
5727:Husbands of Cleopatra
5144:Ptolemy X Alexander I
5109:Ptolemy VI Philometor
5089:Ptolemy IV Philopator
5084:Berenice II Euergetes
5079:Ptolemy III Euergetes
5041:Philip III Arrhidaeus
3550:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
3545:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
2899:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
1718:Monarchs of Commagene
1639:Mithridates I Ctistes
1180:Philip I Philadelphus
1160:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
1150:Antiochus VIII Grypus
1145:Seleucus V Philometor
1130:Antiochus VII Sidetes
1120:Antiochus VI Dionysus
1080:Seleucus III Ceraunus
979:Berenice IV Epiphanea
924:Ptolemy VI Philometor
908:Ptolemy IV Philopator
903:Ptolemy III Euergetes
768:Philip III Arrhidaeus
548:www.perseus.tufts.edu
425:Library of Alexandria
324:
308:
5577:Dynastic genealogies
5201:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
4497:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
4411:High Priests of Amun
3913:Merankhre Mentuhotep
3615:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
3610:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
3463:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
3170: (2040–1550 BC)
2889:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
1552:Monarchs of Bithynia
1135:Alexander II Zabinas
1115:Demetrius II Nicator
1032:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
999:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
964:Ptolemy XI Alexander
939:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
844:Antigonus II Gonatas
471:, and was played by
468:Caesar and Cleopatra
441:Ptolemy XIV of Egypt
267:improve this section
5099:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
5036:Alexander the Great
4068: (1550–664 BC)
3590:Mershepsesre Ini II
3585:Merkawre Sobekhotep
2979:Neferkare IV Khendu
2134:Hellenistic satraps
1165:Antiochus X Eusebes
1100:Antiochus V Eupator
1042:Cleopatra Selene II
969:Ptolemy XII Auletes
954:Ptolemy X Alexander
949:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
913:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
854:Antigonus III Doson
463:George Bernard Shaw
451:Ptolemy appears in
447:Cultural depictions
378:Arsinoe IV of Egypt
364:behind the throne.
110:Ptolemy XII Auletes
5722:Deaths by drowning
5436:Trebonianus Gallus
4023:Senakhtenre Ahmose
3641:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
3595:Sewahenre Senebmiu
3570:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
2999:Neferkare V Tereru
2969:Neferkare III Neby
2637:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
2038:Monarchs of Epirus
1871:Cimmerian Bosporus
1631:Monarchs of Pontus
1190:Cleopatra Selene I
1070:Antiochus II Theos
1060:Seleucus I Nicator
1027:Demetrius the Fair
1009:Monarchs of Cyrene
510:Battle of the Nile
473:Richard O'Sullivan
334:
319:
5689:
5688:
5676:
5675:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5483:Claudius Gothicus
5377:Severus Alexander
5344:Septimius Severus
5209:
5208:
5007:
5006:
4752:
4751:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4391:Osorkon the Elder
4342:
4341:
4119:
4118:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4013:Nubkheperre Intef
3893:Sekhemre Shedwast
3515:Sehetepkare Intef
3443:Semenkare Nebnuni
3372:
3371:
3219:
3218:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3142:
2926:
2925:
2904:Netjerkare Siptah
2826:Neferirkare Kakai
2671:
2670:
2475:
2474:
2245:
2244:
2141:
2140:
1621:Socrates Chrestus
1110:Alexander I Balas
1105:Demetrius I Soter
1065:Antiochus I Soter
811:Antipater Etesias
708:
707:
698:Succeeded by
636:Ptolemaic dynasty
603:978-0-7524-4336-2
578:book 7 chapter 17
502:Order of Ancients
346:Ptolemaic Kingdom
303:
302:
295:
235:Co-ruler of Egypt
212:Ptolemaic dynasty
191:
190:
134:
82:Ptolemaic Kingdom
16:(Redirected from
5749:
5683:List of pharaohs
5573:
5572:
5338:Pescennius Niger
5226:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5134:Ptolemy IX Soter
5104:Cleopatra I Syra
5024:
5023:
5020:
5019:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4721:
4720:
4712:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4690:
4689:
4441:Djedkhonsuefankh
4359:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4106:
4101:
4086:
4085:
4077:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4055:
4054:
3648:Qareh Khawoserre
3634:Yakbim Sekhaenre
3575:Mersekhemre Ined
3389:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3188:
3187:
3179:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3157:
3156:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2214:
2213:
2205:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2183:
2182:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2145:
2144:
1933:
1849:Ariobarzanes III
1223:Ptolemy Epigonos
1125:Diodotus Tryphon
918:Cleopatra I Syra
893:Ptolemy Keraunos
734:
727:
720:
711:
710:
676:Pharaoh of Egypt
662:Preceded by
652:
645:
627:
626:
608:
607:
587:
581:
574:
568:
565:
559:
558:
556:
554:
540:
534:
526:
401:Lucius Septimius
389:Pompey the Great
298:
291:
287:
284:
278:
247:
239:
205:
204:
133:
53:
44:
43:
32:
31:
21:
5757:
5756:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5746:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5685:
5672:
5578:
5555:
5455:Macrianus Minor
5384:Maximinus Thrax
5320:Marcus Aurelius
5219:
5218:
5217:
5205:
5064:Ptolemy I Soter
5050:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5003:
4970:
4942:
4902:
4884:
4864:Psammetichus IV
4834:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4748:
4726:
4717:
4706:
4703:(664 BC–313 AD)
4702:
4701:
4672:
4634:
4611:
4607:Menkheperre Ini
4544:
4467:
4405:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4338:
4275:
4222:
4203:Neferneferuaten
4129:
4128:
4127:
4115:
4114:
4104:
4099:
4098:Pharaohs
4091:
4082:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4037:
3972:
3931:
3858:Sobekhotep VIII
3839:
3771:
3619:
3580:Sewadjkare Hori
3382:
3381:
3380:
3368:
3308:
3282:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3215:
3193:
3184:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3139:
3106:
3066:
2974:Djedkare Shemai
2936:
2935:
2934:
2922:
2860:
2802:
2745:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2667:
2561:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2471:
2376:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2241:
2219:
2210:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2177:
2172:
2142:
2137:
2126:
2032:
2023:Mithridates III
1927:
1870:
1869:Monarchs of the
1863:
1844:Ariobarzanes II
1829:Ariarathes VIII
1770:
1756:Mithridates III
1712:
1654:Mithridates III
1625:
1546:
1353:
1281:Greco-Bactrians
1275:
1227:
1204:
1046:
1003:
888:Ptolemy I Soter
874:
820:
777:
744:
738:
704:
688:
681:
679:
671:
646:
640:
639:
632:
617:
612:
611:
604:
588:
584:
575:
571:
566:
562:
552:
550:
542:
541:
537:
527:
523:
518:
449:
370:
299:
288:
282:
279:
264:
248:
237:
232:
174:
136:
135:
131:
84:
64:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5755:
5745:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5687:
5686:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5551:Maximinus Daza
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5526:
5519:
5512:
5507:
5500:
5493:
5486:
5479:
5472:
5465:
5458:
5451:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5415:
5408:
5401:
5394:
5387:
5380:
5373:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5334:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5310:Antoninus Pius
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5234:
5232:
5223:
5220:(30 BC–313 AD)
5211:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5060:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5032:
5030:
5021:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4984:Artaxerxes III
4980:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4952:
4950:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4912:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4894:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4860:
4855:
4853:Petubastis III
4850:
4844:
4842:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4790:
4785:
4777:
4775:
4766:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4718:
4715:
4708:
4707:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4644:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4621:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4477:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4421:
4415:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4367:
4365:
4356:
4348:3 Intermediate
4344:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4285:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4232:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4144:
4142:
4133:
4130:(1550–1070 BC)
4121:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4073:
4072:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3988:
3982:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3941:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3863:Neferhotep III
3860:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3781:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3693:Sewadjkare III
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3662:Maaibre Sheshi
3658:
3655:'Ammu Ahotepre
3651:
3644:
3637:
3629:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3565:Merhotepre Ini
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3525:Sobekhotep III
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3397:
3395:
3386:
3383:(1802–1550 BC)
3378:2 Intermediate
3374:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3318:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3273:Mentuhotep III
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3233:
3230:(2040–1802 BC)
3225:Middle Kingdom
3221:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3175:
3174:
3162:Middle Kingdom
3153:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3125:Neferkare VIII
3122:
3116:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3097:
3092:
3090:Nebkaure Khety
3087:
3082:
3080:Meryibre Khety
3076:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3014:Neferkamin Anu
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2953:
2940:
2937:(2181–2040 BC)
2932:1 Intermediate
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2870:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2851:Djedkare Isesi
2848:
2846:Menkauhor Kaiu
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2719:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2685:
2682:(2686–2181 BC)
2673:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2489:
2486:(3150–2686 BC)
2481:Early Dynastic
2477:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2460:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2270:
2268:
2259:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2201:
2200:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2081:Neoptolemus II
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1976:Mithridates II
1973:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1942:Paerisades III
1939:
1934:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1839:Ariobarzanes I
1836:
1831:
1826:
1824:Ariarathes VII
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1799:Ariarathes III
1796:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1746:Mithridates II
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1649:Mithridates II
1646:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1512:Apollodotus II
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1140:Cleopatra Thea
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
884:
882:
876:
875:
873:
872:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
830:
828:
822:
821:
819:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
787:
785:
779:
778:
776:
775:
770:
765:
760:
754:
752:
746:
745:
737:
736:
729:
722:
714:
706:
705:
700:Cleopatra and
699:
696:
672:
663:
659:
658:
657:Regnal titles
654:
653:
633:
630:
625:
624:
616:
615:External links
613:
610:
609:
602:
582:
569:
560:
535:
520:
519:
517:
514:
455:'s 1724 opera
448:
445:
369:
366:
301:
300:
251:
249:
242:
236:
233:
231:
228:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
171:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
129:Royal titulary
127:
126:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
94:51–47 BC with
92:
86:
85:
76:
73:
72:
66:
65:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5754:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5702:60s BC births
5700:
5699:
5697:
5684:
5679:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5581:
5574:
5570:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5216:
5212:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5129:Cleopatra III
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5014:
5010:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4932:
4931:Nepherites II
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4837:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4759:
4755:
4745:
4742:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4722:
4719:
4713:
4709:
4700:
4696:
4691:
4687:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4462:Psusennes III
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4353:(1069–664 BC)
4349:
4345:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4319:Ramesses VIII
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4188:Amenhotep III
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4126:
4122:
4111:
4108:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4078:
4074:
4065:
4061:
4056:
4052:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4028:Seqenenre Tao
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4003:Sobekemsaf II
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3953:Wepwawetemsaf
3950:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3560:Merneferre Ay
3558:
3556:
3555:Wahibre Ibiau
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3540:Sobekhotep IV
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3379:
3375:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3347:Amenemhat III
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3278:Mentuhotep IV
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3268:Mentuhotep II
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3226:
3222:
3212:
3209:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3180:
3176:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3130:Wahkare Khety
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:Neferkare VII
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:Seth-Peribsen
2630:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:Hotepsekhemwy
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2366:
2365:Double Falcon
2363:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2256:(pre-3150 BC)
2252:
2251:Protodynastic
2248:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2202:
2193:
2189:
2188:Protodynastic
2184:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:Neoptolemus I
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1957:Mithridates I
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:Paerisades IV
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1910:Paerisades II
1908:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1899:Spartokos III
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1834:Ariarathes IX
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:Ariarathes VI
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1804:Ariarathes IV
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:Ariarathes II
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:Antiochus III
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1736:Mithridates I
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:Nicomedes III
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
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1557:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1543:
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1538:
1535:
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1525:
1523:
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1513:
1510:
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1500:
1498:
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1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1442:Demetrius III
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1397:Antimachus II
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1387:Apollodotus I
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1344:Eucratides II
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1309:Euthydemus II
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
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1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1037:Ptolemy Apion
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
944:Cleopatra III
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
919:
916:
914:
911:
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906:
904:
901:
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891:
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837:
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832:
831:
829:
827:
823:
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812:
809:
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804:
802:
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792:
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788:
786:
784:
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771:
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766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
755:
753:
751:
747:
742:
735:
730:
728:
723:
721:
716:
715:
712:
703:
695:
694:
693:
687:
686:
685:Cleopatra VII
678:
677:
670:
669:Cleopatra VII
666:
660:
655:
650:
643:
638:
637:
628:
622:
619:
618:
605:
599:
595:
594:
586:
579:
573:
564:
549:
545:
539:
532:
525:
521:
513:
511:
507:
506:Julius Caesar
503:
499:
498:
492:
490:
486:
485:
480:
479:
474:
470:
469:
464:
460:
459:
454:
444:
442:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
412:
410:
404:
402:
398:
394:
393:Julius Caesar
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
365:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
331:
327:
323:
316:
312:
307:
297:
294:
286:
283:December 2021
276:
272:
268:
262:
261:
257:
252:This section
250:
246:
241:
240:
227:
225:
221:
220:Cleopatra VII
217:
213:
209:
199:
195:
187:
184:
180:
177:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
153:
149:
146:
145:Cleopatra VII
143:
139:
130:
124:
121:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
96:Cleopatra VII
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
74:
71:
67:
62:
58:
52:
47:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5707:47 BC deaths
5528:
5521:
5514:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5481:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5453:
5441:
5434:
5417:
5410:
5403:
5396:
5389:
5382:
5375:
5368:
5336:
5329:
5315:Lucius Verus
5272:
5185:
5173:
5149:Berenice III
5139:Cleopatra IV
5114:Cleopatra II
5046:Alexander IV
4966:Nectanebo II
4935:
4916:Nepherites I
4875:Artaxerxes I
4862:
4792:
4780:
4763:(664–332 BC)
4743:
4699:Roman Period
4601:Shoshenq VII
4599:
4572:
4532:
4513:Shoshenq III
4495:
4460:
4423:
4401:Psusennes II
4314:Ramesses VII
4294:Ramesses III
4178:Amenhotep II
4173:Thutmose III
4109:
3998:Sobekemsaf I
3990:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3924:
3917:
3822:
3805:
3800:'Aper-'Anati
3798:
3791:
3784:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3708:Sekheperenre
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3530:Neferhotep I
3520:Seth Meribre
3497:
3483:Djedkheperew
3400:
3361:
3352:Amenemhat IV
3342:Senusret III
3332:Amenemhat II
3248:Mentuhotep I
3210:
3099:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
2964:Neferkare II
2915:
2908:
2841:Nyuserre Ini
2795:
2778:
2733:
2726:
2714:
2655:
2650:Neferkasokar
2648:
2641:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2554:
2547:
2455:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2398:Finger Snail
2396:
2389:
2369:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2236:
2096:Alexander II
1952:Paerisades V
1915:Spartokos IV
1879:Paerisades I
1854:Ariarathes X
1809:Ariarathes V
1784:Ariarathes I
1766:Antiochus IV
1751:Antiochus II
1683:Pharnaces II
1644:Ariobarzanes
1616:Nicomedes IV
1606:Nicomedes II
1532:Apollophanes
1517:Hippostratos
1432:Heliokles II
1392:Demetrius II
1372:Antimachus I
1334:Eucratides I
1329:Demetrius II
1314:Antimachus I
1299:Euthydemus I
984:Ptolemy XIII
983:
959:Berenice III
806:Antipater II
773:Alexander IV
690:
689:
684:
682:
680:51–ca. 47 BC
674:
648:
641:
634:
592:
585:
572:
563:
551:. Retrieved
547:
538:
524:
501:
495:
493:
482:
477:
466:
456:
450:
429:
413:
405:
382:
371:
362:
335:
330:Altes Museum
289:
280:
265:Please help
253:
207:
193:
192:
29:
18:Ptolemy XIII
5419:Gordian III
5364:Diadumenian
5164:Cleopatra V
5018:(332–30 BC)
5013:Hellenistic
4956:Nectanebo I
4848:Cambyses II
4830:Psamtik III
4788:Tefnakht II
4590:Takelot III
4585:Osorkon III
4580:Shoshenq VI
4534:Pedubast II
4518:Shoshenq IV
4491:Shoshenq II
4456:Pinedjem II
4446:Menkheperre
4381:Psusennes I
4334:Ramesses XI
4324:Ramesses IX
4309:Ramesses VI
4299:Ramesses IV
4246:Ramesses II
4208:Tutankhamun
4183:Thutmose IV
4163:Thutmose II
4153:Amenhotep I
4125:New Kingdom
4060:New Kingdom
3919:Senusret IV
3903:Dedumose II
3878:Nebiriau II
3873:Nebiryraw I
3868:Mentuhotepi
3673:Khakherewre
3600:Merkheperre
3510:Imyremeshaw
3493:Sedjefakare
3448:Sehetepibre
3423:Ameny Qemau
3357:Sobekneferu
3337:Senusret II
3322:Amenemhat I
3304:Iyibkhentre
3034:Neferirkare
3029:Neferkauhor
2836:Shepseskare
2677:Old Kingdom
2663:Khasekhemwy
2643:Neferkara I
2612:Weneg-Nebty
2457:Scorpion II
2117:Pyrrhus III
2101:Olympias II
2071:Alexander I
1928: [
1925:Spartokos V
1794:Ariamnes II
1741:Antiochus I
1703:Pythodorida
1659:Pharnaces I
1580:Zipoetes II
1575:Nicomedes I
1492:Artemidoros
1487:Menander II
1427:Antialcidas
1412:Agathokleia
1367:Demetrius I
1359:Indo-Greeks
1349:Heliocles I
1304:Demetrius I
1294:Diodotus II
1271:Eumenes III
1266:Attalus III
1241:Philetaerus
1210:Lysimachids
1022:Berenice II
989:Ptolemy XIV
871:(pretender)
801:Alexander V
783:Antipatrids
741:Hellenistic
702:Ptolemy XIV
665:Ptolemy XII
553:20 February
338:Ptolemy XII
311:Ptolemy XII
216:Ptolemy XII
155:Ptolemy XII
106:Predecessor
5696:Categories
5536:Diocletian
5490:Quintillus
5443:Aemilianus
5398:Gordian II
5370:Elagabalus
5191:Arsinoe IV
5074:Arsinoe II
4999:Darius III
4926:Psammuthes
4815:Psamtik II
4630:Bakenranef
4568:Pedubast I
4563:Takelot II
4558:Harsiese A
4540:Osorkon IV
4528:Shoshenq V
4508:Osorkon II
4481:Shoshenq I
4451:Smendes II
4431:Pinedjem I
4376:Amenemnisu
4329:Ramesses X
4304:Ramesses V
4256:Amenmesses
4236:Ramesses I
4198:Smenkhkare
4168:Hatshepsut
4158:Thutmose I
3908:Montuemsaf
3898:Dedumose I
3698:Nebdjefare
3688:Merdjefare
3458:Nedjemibre
3453:Sewadjkare
3327:Senusret I
3299:Qakare Ini
3120:Meryhathor
3024:Neferkaure
3019:Qakare Iby
3004:Neferkahor
2989:Neferkamin
2797:Thamphthis
2791:Shepseskaf
2705:Sekhemkhet
2556:Horus Bird
2433:Scorpion I
2107:Pyrrhus II
2086:Alcetas II
2051:Tharrhypas
2018:Gepaepyris
1990:Scribonius
1884:Satyros II
1814:Orophernes
1726:Ptolemaeus
1708:Polemon II
1601:Prusias II
1570:Zipoetes I
1542:Strato III
1467:Theophilos
1447:Philoxenus
1402:Menander I
1382:Agathocles
1324:Agathocles
1289:Diodotus I
1261:Attalus II
1256:Eumenes II
1218:Lysimachus
826:Antigonids
692:Arsinoe IV
516:References
427:occurred.
417:Alexandria
224:Arsinoe IV
208:Ptolemaĩos
176:Nile river
100:Arsinoe IV
5668:Ptolemaic
5476:Gallienus
5391:Gordian I
5354:Caracalla
5280:Vespasian
5274:Vitellius
5056:Ptolemaic
4898:Amyrtaeus
4880:Darius II
4825:Ahmose II
4805:Psamtik I
4744:uncertain
4732:Pharaohs
4668:Tanutamun
4503:Takelot I
4486:Osorkon I
4436:Masaharta
4386:Amenemope
4289:Setnakhte
4251:Merneptah
4193:Akhenaten
4110:uncertain
3992:Nebmaatre
3813:Sakir-Har
3766:Yaqub-Har
3678:Nebefawre
3428:Hotepibre
3294:Segerseni
3263:Intef III
3211:uncertain
3199:Pharaohs
2831:Neferefre
2657:Hudjefa I
2538:Semerkhet
2275:Hedju Hor
2237:uncertain
2225:Pharaohs
2091:Pyrrhus I
2056:Alcetas I
1962:Pharnaces
1937:Kamasarye
1920:Leukon II
1904:Hygiainon
1859:Archelaus
1698:Polemon I
1596:Prusias I
1537:Strato II
1527:Zoilos II
1522:Dionysios
1502:Archebius
1472:Peukolaos
1437:Polyxenos
1377:Pantaleon
1319:Pantaleon
1251:Attalus I
1246:Eumenes I
1052:Seleucids
880:Ptolemies
869:Philip VI
816:Sosthenes
796:Philip IV
791:Cassander
758:Philip II
593:Cleopatra
489:Caesarion
487:episode "
478:Cleopatra
409:abdicated
368:Civil war
360:for him.
356:acted as
350:Cleopatra
326:Cleopatra
254:does not
230:Biography
186:Ptolemaic
116:Successor
57:engraving
5628:21 to 23
5546:Galerius
5541:Maximian
5530:Numerian
5497:Aurelian
5449:Valerian
5412:Balbinus
5405:Pupienus
5359:Macrinus
5331:Pertinax
5325:Commodus
5290:Domitian
5253:Claudius
5248:Caligula
5243:Tiberius
5238:Augustus
4858:Darius I
4810:Necho II
4653:Shebitku
4625:Tefnakht
4218:Horemheb
4148:Ahmose I
3960:Pantjeny
3946:Senebkay
3926:Pepi III
3888:Bebiankh
3745:Shenshek
3703:Nebsenre
3535:Sihathor
3505:Khendjer
3468:Renseneb
3413:Nerikare
3258:Intef II
3135:Merykare
3040:Wadjkare
2984:Merenhor
2879:Userkare
2786:Menkaure
2780:Bikheris
2769:Djedefre
2735:Qahedjet
2619:Wadjenes
2605:Horus Sa
2598:Nubnefer
2585:Nynetjer
2549:Sneferka
2289:Ni-Neith
2175:Pharaohs
2122:Deidamia
2103:(regent)
2076:Aeacides
2013:Aspurgus
1906:(regent)
1889:Prytanis
1731:Sames II
1587:(regent)
1560:Boteiras
1507:Telephos
1497:Hermaeus
1452:Diomedes
1422:Strato I
1407:Zoilos I
1233:Attalids
920:(regent)
859:Philip V
651:c. 47 BC
644:c. 62 BC
465:'s play
419:itself (
397:Achillas
387:general
354:Pothinus
165:c. 62 BC
5523:Carinus
5504:Tacitus
5462:Quietus
5305:Hadrian
4989:Khabash
4820:Wahibre
4800:Necho I
4794:Nekauba
4782:Ammeris
4725:Dynasty
4663:Taharqa
4658:Shabaka
4595:Rudamun
4574:Iuput I
4419:Herihor
4371:Smendes
4271:Twosret
4261:Seti II
4105:female)
4090:Dynasty
3986:Rahotep
3883:Semenre
3853:Djehuti
3835:Khamudi
3824:Yanassi
3807:Salitis
3759:Yakareb
3752:Khamure
3683:Sehebre
3605:Merkare
3253:Intef I
3192:Dynasty
3101:Imhotep
3061:Iytjenu
3047:Khuiqer
2959:Menkare
2910:Neferka
2894:Pepi II
2816:Userkaf
2710:Sanakht
2533:Anedjib
2513:Hor-Aha
2446:Iry-Hor
2440:Shendjw
2412:Pen-Abu
2296:Hat-Hor
2218:Dynasty
2112:Ptolemy
2066:Arybbas
2046:Admetus
2028:Cotys I
2008:Polemon
2003:Polemon
1999:Dynamis
1994:Dynamis
1985:Dynamis
1981:Asander
1971:Dynamis
1967:Asander
1894:Eumelos
1693:Arsaces
1668:Laodice
1591:Ziaelas
1585:Etazeta
1462:Epander
1457:Amyntas
864:Perseus
750:Argeads
344:of the
342:pharaoh
275:removed
260:sources
182:Dynasty
157:Auletes
141:Consort
80:of the
70:Pharaoh
5663:Argead
5510:Probus
5430:Decius
5425:Philip
5300:Trajan
5028:Argead
4937:Muthis
4890:XXVIII
4870:Xerxes
4738:female
4716:Period
4425:Piankh
4396:Siamun
4266:Siptah
4241:Seti I
4081:Period
4033:Kamose
3967:Snaaib
3937:Abydos
3793:Semqen
3786:Sharek
3738:Sheneh
3718:'Apepi
3713:Bebnum
3668:Nehesy
3488:Sebkay
3408:Sonbef
3205:female
3183:Period
2994:Nikare
2884:Pepi I
2821:Sahure
2774:Khafre
2759:Snefru
2728:Sedjes
2700:Djoser
2626:Senedj
2504:Narmer
2463:Narmer
2345:Wazner
2310:Hsekiu
2282:Ny-Hor
2231:female
2209:Period
1688:Darius
1482:Nicias
1477:Thraso
1417:Lysias
743:rulers
647:
600:
358:regent
315:Louvre
151:Father
5516:Carus
5295:Nerva
5285:Titus
5263:Galba
5230:XXXIV
5215:Roman
4994:Arses
4921:Hakor
4840:XXVII
4550:XXIII
4140:XVIII
4100:(male
3830:Apepi
3818:Khyan
3731:Wazad
3499:Wegaf
3433:Iufni
3287:Nubia
3095:Setut
2917:Nefer
2764:Khufu
2722:Khaba
2716:Nebka
2580:Nebra
2508:Menes
2467:Menes
2419:Stork
2382:Upper
2338:Neheb
2331:Thesh
2317:Khayu
2266:Lower
2001:with
1983:with
1969:with
1932:]
1666:with
1339:Plato
1017:Magas
683:with
649:Died:
642:Born:
385:Roman
374:Syria
198:Greek
90:Reign
5349:Geta
5268:Otho
5258:Nero
4976:XXXI
4961:Teos
4908:XXIX
4773:XXVI
4758:Late
4735:male
4695:Late
4648:Piye
4617:XXIV
4523:Pami
4473:XXII
4062:and
3978:XVII
3724:Nuya
3393:XIII
3202:male
3164:and
3054:Khui
2951:VIII
2874:Teti
2856:Unas
2741:Huni
2543:Qa'a
2523:Djet
2518:Djer
2426:Bull
2405:Fish
2371:Wash
2352:Mekh
2228:male
667:and
598:ISBN
555:2023
484:Rome
436:Nile
399:and
258:any
256:cite
170:Died
162:Born
98:and
78:King
4948:XXX
4697:to
4640:XXV
4363:XXI
4228:XIX
3845:XVI
3625:XIV
3473:Hor
3314:XII
2947:VII
2692:III
2528:Den
2324:Tiu
2190:to
1565:Bas
531:God
491:".
269:by
59:by
55:An
5698::
5658:31
5653:30
5648:27
5643:26
5638:25
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5608:12
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2591:Ba
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2506:/
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206:,
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5598:4
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2949:/
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2167:e
2160:t
2153:v
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313:(
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290:(
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281:(
277:.
263:.
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