92:. Like most other proto-languages, Proto-Malayic was not attested in any prior written work. The most extensive study on the proto-language was done by
948:. Pacific Linguistics 550. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 15–36.
968:. Pacific Linguistics, Series C, no. 119. Canberra: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, the Australian National University.
1005:
430:
Proto-Malayic lexemes are mostly disyllabic, though some have one, three, or four syllables. Lexemes have the following syllable structure:
777:
is still preserved in most of Borneo, but in
Sumatra or the Malay peninsula, it most often mutates into another vowel, including
460:
938:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
1039:
531:
1044:
89:
70:
314:
745:
162:
93:
966:
Proto-Malayic: The
Reconstruction of its Phonology and Parts of its Lexicon and Morphology
8:
276:
992:
741:
189:
65:
859:
798:
211:
204:
194:
139:
107:
Taalkundige gegevens ter bepaling van het stamland der
Maleisch-Polynesische volkeren
37:
969:
706:
295:
184:
797:. The outcomes vary by dialect. Uri Tadmor claimed that this change was caused by
714:
702:
199:
115:
495:
145:
However, Adelaar rejected Kern's proposal, and instead placing the
Urheimat in
135:
85:
1033:
755:
641:
348:
149:, as the languages there have undergone little Sanskrit or Arabic influence.
710:
651:
157:
Proto-Malayic had a total of 19 consonants and 4 vowels. Palatals (except
361:
343:
20:
996:
974:
860:"The Malayic speaking Orang Laut: Dialects and directions for research"
443:
394:
353:
255:
1013:
Journal of the
Southeast Asian Linguistics Society Special Publication
939:"Final /a/ mutation: a borrowed areal feature in Western Austronesia"
411:
378:
114:(homeland) of the Proto-Malayic speakers was proposed to be at the
111:
882:
693:
in final closed syllables was preserved in Proto-Malayic (e.g.
146:
88:
of the
Malayic languages, which are nowadays widespread in the
717:(specifically the Palembang Lama variety). It was merged with
125:
119:
142:, although the Malayic Dayak languages were not included.
19:"Proto-Malayic" redirects here. For the ethnic group, see
812:
134:
by D. J. Prentice in 1978, believed that the core of the
983:
Nothofer, Bernd (1995). "The
History of Jakarta Malay".
894:
829:
827:
169:
sequences are allowed in Proto-Malayic. Adelaar listed
516:(pronounced almost the same, an orthographic change),
839:
824:
918:
906:
668:
caused insertion of homorganic nasals before stops (
161:) and voiced plosives cannot end a word, while only
1003:
888:
1031:
459:The following are the phonological changes from
636:(with the first consonant is non-nasal) became
16:Reconstructed ancestor of the Malayic languages
864:Wacana: Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia
434:* C V C
1004:McDowell, Jonathan; Anderbeck, Karl (2020).
851:
946:Issues in Austronesian historical phonology
333:
105:
973:
857:
982:
900:
454:
963:
924:
912:
845:
833:
818:
654:nasal) was changed to homorganic, e.g.
449:
1032:
936:
132:Kerinci sound-changes and phonotactics
1006:"The Malay Lects of Southern Sumatra"
684:
173:as a dental consonant, not alveolar.
104:According to H. Kern's work in 1917,
644:(affixes escaped this sound change).
13:
14:
1056:
1025:
425:
701:"inside"), but only retained in
442:: C = consonant, V = vowel, N =
956:
964:Adelaar, K. Alexander (1992).
930:
1:
889:McDowell & Anderbeck 2020
805:
650:(with the first consonant is
138:was on the both sides of the
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152:
124:"south", being derived from
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99:
10:
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118:, based on the Malay word
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532:Final-obstruent devoicing
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177:Proto-Malayic Consonants
56:
43:
33:
28:
944:. In Lynch, John (ed.).
858:Anderbeck, Karl (2012).
558:, except in the case of
732:Remaining instances of
461:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
90:Maritime Southeast Asia
71:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
494:is still preserved in
436:
126:
120:
106:
34:Reconstruction of
789:, or even as high as
455:Towards proto-Malayic
432:
335:Proto-Malayic Vowels
937:Tadmor, Uri (2003).
754:is only retained in
450:Phonological changes
94:K. Alexander Adelaar
985:Oceanic Linguistics
821:, pp. 206–207.
336:
178:
84:is a reconstructed
685:Post proto-Malayic
463:to Proto-Malayic.
334:
176:
66:Proto-Austronesian
1040:Malayic languages
903:, pp. 88–89.
891:, pp. 14–15.
758:, and changed to
736:were merged with
408:
407:
332:
331:
140:Strait of Malacca
79:
78:
38:Malayic languages
1052:
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721:elsewhere (>
707:Indonesian slang
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1045:Proto-languages
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715:Palembang Malay
705:(including the
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116:Malay Peninsula
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82:Proto-Malayic
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69:
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63:
58:Reconstructed
55:
52:
51:
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42:
39:
36:
32:
29:Proto-Malayic
27:
22:
1016:
1012:
991:(1): 87–97.
988:
984:
965:
957:Bibliography
945:
932:
925:Adelaar 1992
920:
913:Adelaar 1992
908:
896:
884:
872:. Retrieved
870:(2): 265–312
867:
863:
853:
846:Adelaar 1992
841:
834:Adelaar 1992
819:Adelaar 1992
814:
774:
767:
763:
759:
751:
737:
733:
724:
722:
718:
711:Bangka Malay
696:
694:
690:
675:
673:
669:
665:
659:
655:
652:heterorganic
647:
637:
633:
627:
623:
617:
613:
609:
605:
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589:
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581:
577:
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535:
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521:
517:
513:
509:
503:
499:
491:
490:. Note that
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
458:
439:
433:
429:
410:There are 2
409:
393:
377:
360:
170:
166:
158:
156:
144:
131:
103:
81:
80:
47:
975:1885/145782
762:elsewhere (
746:Minangkabau
506:"to swim").
315:Approximant
21:Proto-Malay
1034:Categories
806:References
801:influence.
412:diphthongs
216:Voiceless
163:homorganic
130:"strait".
742:Banjarese
277:Fricative
153:Phonology
96:in 1992.
60:ancestors
50:#Urheimat
799:Javanese
680:"four").
190:Alveolar
112:Urheimat
100:Urheimat
997:3623113
660:*dəndəm
656:*DəmDəm
592:"land".
580:, e.g.
572:before
500:məloŋoy
349:Central
340:Height
236:Voiced
212:Plosive
205:Glottal
195:Palatal
121:selatan
48:See on
995:
874:26 May
773:Final
768:*lawan
764:*laban
760:*-awa-
752:*-aba-
703:Betawi
670:*həpat
590:*tanah
586:*tanəh
582:*tanəq
542:, and
504:*laŋuy
296:Liquid
185:Labial
147:Borneo
110:, the
44:Region
1009:(PDF)
993:JSTOR
942:(PDF)
766:>
672:>
626:>
616:>
608:>
598:>
588:>
584:>
576:>
562:>
524:>
512:>
502:<
496:Duano
486:>
478:>
444:nasal
362:Close
344:Front
256:Nasal
200:Velar
127:selat
1019:(5).
876:2019
793:and
756:Iban
744:and
734:*-ə-
723:*dal
719:*-a-
713:and
695:*dal
691:*-ə-
648:C¹C²
634:C¹C²
578:*-a-
570:*-ə-
526:*-d-
522:*-j-
518:*-D-
492:*-uy
484:*-əw
476:*-uy
472:*-iw
468:*-əy
440:Note
421:*-aw
418:*-ay
395:Open
354:Back
970:hdl
795:/u/
791:/ɨ/
787:/e/
783:/o/
779:/ə/
740:in
738:-a-
709:),
678:pat
666:*ə-
658:to
640:in
600:*∅-
596:*w-
574:*-h
564:*-r
560:*-D
556:*-k
552:*-t
548:*-p
546:to
544:*-g
540:*-d
536:*-b
534:of
488:*-u
480:*-i
402:*a
386:*ə
379:Mid
372:*u
367:*i
324:*y
319:*w
307:*r
302:*l
290:*h
283:*s
269:*ŋ
266:*ɲ
263:*n
260:*m
248:*ɡ
245:*j
242:*d
239:*b
231:*ʔ
228:*k
225:*c
222:*t
219:*p
167:*ŋs
1036::
1017:13
1015:.
1011:.
989:34
987:.
868:14
866:.
862:.
826:^
785:,
781:,
775:*a
770:).
729:).
674:*ə
638:C²
628:*r
624:*R
618:*∅
614:*h
612:,
610:*h
606:*q
554:,
550:,
538:,
520:,
514:*j
510:*z
482:;
474:,
470:,
414::
171:*t
159:*y
999:.
978:.
972::
878:.
727:m
725:a
699:m
697:ə
676:m
662:.
630:.
620:.
602:.
566:.
528:.
498:(
23:.
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