511:
1205:
1304:
1358:
944:
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597:
1396:. American studies and media scholar William Hoynes points to Lamar with his progressive rap music for being in a tradition of African-American artists and activists that have "worked both inside and outside of the mainstream to advance a counterculture that opposes the racist stereotypes being propagated in White-owned media and culture". Lamar's Los Angeles-based independent label
551:" otherwise elusive educational resources while mitigating differences between the various groups inside and outside the culture: "It is in those halls where philanthropists, benefactors, and supporters of the arts, will not only appreciate this history but also witness first-hand the innovative work being done to enhance humanity through the world's most dominant
1647:
Writing in 2019, hip hop journalist and advocate Manny Faces explains that "outsiders" see hip hop culture reductively as rap music and only "through a limited filter – music on the radio, social media and memes, gossip, and news media – which more often than not amplifies the more outrageous aspects
435:
Progressive hip hop has been noted for often overlapping with counterpart forms such as gangsta and status rap, as "rappers may display characteristics of more than one category on a particular album or during the course of their career", according to the CERCL Writing
Collective. Within progressive
1353:
was widely acclaimed and publicly redeemed West, much of the rapper's musical work through the rest of the decade would prove inferior to fans and become progressively overshadowed by stories surrounding his celebrity family life, provocative public statements, mental health issues, and nonmusical
845:
The Fugees' individualistic style attracted a variety of audiences outside of the trio's hardcore fanbase while affiliating them with alternative hip hop, a designation they hated for suggesting only a fringe appeal to their music. "If we were truly 'alternative,' brothers in the 'hood wouldn't be
822:
I was so stupid, fighting for a block that I didn't even own, getting shot at and being near a lot of my friends when they got killed. I got lucky, because God felt like that wasn't my true role. I'm not gonna rap about that, like a lot of other rappers do in the name of 'keeping it real.' If you
632:: "Don't push me, 'cause I'm close to the edge / I'm tryin' not to lose my head / It's like a jungle sometimes, it makes me wonder how I keep from going under." In the late 1980s and early 1990s, political hip hop emerged with an intellectual paradigm of Afrocentricity that shaped the element of
1227:
achieved further success with progressive rap records that explored contradictions in identity. Particularly in West's case, it often gave "expression to positive rage against systems that oppress communities" in a way that Parker compares to
Arrested Development. On his debut album
1238:
sensibilities into an otherwise "conscious or progressive hip-hop" which "melded intelligence and awareness with a stylish sense of cool that appealed to a broad range of fans", according to
Darling, who also notes the contemporaneous success of the West-produced Common album
415:. In Pinn's words, it "seeks to address these concerns without intracommunal aggression and in terms of political and cultural education, providing an interpretation of American society and a constructive agenda (e.g. self respect, knowledge, pride, and unity) for the
1501:, and deconstructed forms of rapping. "In the 21st century, it's entirely arguable that white is black, black is white, and things are obviously a bit difficult to understand", Dowling contended in regards to modern hip hop. "It's up to a wild, diverse,
1266:
As industry sales declined past the mid 2000s, and other rap stars resorted to pop collaborations for mainstream appeal, West remained a highly profitable yet experimental artist impacting both pop and hip hop markets with progressive records like the
659:, who credits them with "setting the standards for thematic genius in the idiom". De La Soul in particular "taught rappers back in 1989 that you could make interesting and successful music without relying on venomous stares and snarling poses", as
1275:" (2007). His commercial success during this period encouraged more rappers to gravitate toward the center of mainstream and alternative hip-hop forms, "when this visionary megalomaniac was remaking the rap mainstream in his own image", as
1354:
ventures. Faces cites West's "highly publicized controversies" as an example of factors contributing to the outside perception that hip hop is "any more than an expressive extension of a juvenile, disorderly, misogynistic lifestyle".
546:
and history, particularly its positive impact on society. In arguing for institutional support from libraries, museums, and academia, hip hop journalist and non-profit advocate Manny Faces says that such venues can offer young
1284:
s Chris
Deville details. Toward the end of the 2000s, while suffering losses in his personal life, West began to alienate the pop-culture audience with notorious on-air incidents and a polarizing departure in the downbeat and
410:
qualities in favor of actively constructive and educational responses to issues afflicting society, particularly black people, resulting in narratives that promote their history, culture, political involvement, and
431:
systems of injustice by transforming the perspective of their victims" while demonstrating "the clear prophetic voice reflecting the rage caused by the dehumanizing injustices that
African Americans experience".
1332:" in particular lent the album the "prog-rap" epithet, although Deville argues that the music as a whole "borrows more from prog's pageantry and bombast than its maze-like compositional structure". According to
1052:
They're not watering themselves down with the mainstream. They're strengthening their influence from within, and it's making people believe in what they're saying and what they're doing and look their way.
694:
While highly successful with critics, the progressive rap music of this period failed to capture a sizable audience within hip hop's traditionalist base of artists and fans, who gravitated more toward
571:
that acts as a response to societal oppression. Like gangsta rap in particular, progressive and conscious rappers communicate ideas of protest against socioeconomic conditions through the use of
1035:". Common said that he, Mos Def, and The Roots were among a movement of jazz-influenced progressive artists trying to compete commercially with more austerely-produced mainstream rappers like
1602:. Writing in 2010, Hill explains that this "hip-hop/rap" spectrum is often used as a theoretical framework to "evaluate hip-hop artists" and "enables fans, artists, and critics to mimic the
501:
abstraction. What these artists have in common is moving beyond hip-hop's obsession with materialism and turf wars, and making good on its initial promise of experimentalism and adventure.
2115:
171:
ideas and musically with stylistic experimentation. Developing through the works of innovative US hip hop acts during the 1980s and 1990s, it has also been known at various points as
1477:
landscape than you hear on the radio." While arguing that
American hip hop was in a creative and commercial decline, Marcus Dowling wrote contemporaneously that the English rapper
888:. "By redefining the creative center of hip-hop", Coker explained, "the trio is stepping out as the freshest and possibly most important progressive hip-hop act since De La Soul".
1079:
continued to release minor commercial breakthroughs during the first half of the decade. Among the most eclectic prog-rap successes from the early 2000s, in Lewis's opinion, were
343:
professor and author Emery
Petchaur, artists in the genre frequently analyze "structural, systematic, and reproduced" sources of oppression and inequality in the world, while
775:, featuring like-minded progressive rap musicians who emphasized the "organic" elements of hip hop. In 1996, Fugees gained mainstream recognition with their second album
1346:(2011), a top-selling collaboration with his former major-label recruiter Jay-Z that West produced in a "funkier and less ornate variant" of its predecessor's prog-rap.
1648:
of the art form", specifically with "lyrically raucous songs and hypermasculine videos, news coverage of violence and criminality, and highly publicized controversies".
935:
magazine said at the time that the album not only reveals Hill to be "the most exciting voice of a young, progressive hip-hop nation, it raises the standards for it."
2381:
1960:
624:
are cited by both Pinn and Parker as formative examples of progressive rap. Parker specifically highlights "The
Message" for how it communicates anger about chaotic
617:
1023:, he performed teasing and playfully boastful raps around themes of life, the music industry, cultural quirks, and relationships, with the latter explored through "
452:
because of the commercial dominance of gangsta rap and the precarious position rap music in general holds in the popular imagination of the West, which often
1144:
soul vocals. The production's inventive vocal and rhythmic manipulation, unorthodox in-song stylistic changes, and oddly bawdy humor received comparisons to
1901:
1324:
production that utilized samples, rhythm tracks, keyboards, guitars, orchestral arrangements, and a host of additional vocalists. His use of samples from
2590:
317:
While progressive hip-hop culture functions as the voice of resistance for
America's black youth, it also provides a blueprint for the possibilities of
2701:
2281:
1473:
and traditional UK hip hop to create genuinely progressive rap that rivals the US for creativity, urgency, and importance, and portrays a much broader
1771:
Flores-Gonzalez, Nilda; Rodriguez, Matthew; Rodriguez-Muniz, Michael (2013). "From Hip-Hop to
Humanization". In Cammarota, Julio; Noguera, Pedro;
390:
In the context of other rap forms, progressive hip hop is identified as a thematic subset alongside "status rap", which expresses concerns about
2647:
2244:
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attitudes, and luxury fantasies, while remaining distinct from "critically acclaimed but commercially cold acts" such as Arrested Development,
1191:
2729:
712:, received widespread acclaim and sold well outside of the rap market. But the group's success was soon overshadowed by the sudden rise of
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in the early 1990s. "De La Soul went from the front of the hip-hop pack to the back of an appealing and colorful dead-end street", as
456:
the music with vulgar associations of culturally-marginalized youth rebellion. Noting its presence on the outside of the mainstream,
2983:
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was Common's attempt to "expand hip hop" and his "mind to different styles of music, to different approaches", as he explained to
786:
723:
As hardcore and gangsta rap forms progressively dominated commercial hip hop in the 1990s, groups such as A Tribe Called Quest,
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613:
4709:
445:
4429:
2391:
1125:
2871:"'I Don't Want My Ends to Just Meet; I Want My Ends Overlappin': Personal Aspiration and the Rejection of Progressive Rap"
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1295:(2008), although that album too proved commercially successful and influential on the stylistic direction of hip hop.
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in particular helped establish the careers of future solo progressive rappers such as Black Star members Mos Def and
340:
285:. The music of such acts, especially in the 21st century, has impacted the mainstream sensibilities of hip hop while
3660:
2958:
1112:'s musically wide-ranging and sung love songs. Avoiding tributes to crime or violence, Big Boi touched on themes of
958:
In the early 2000s, some progressive-rap acts achieved mainstream success with records that "ruminated on hip-hop's
1201:– the kind of album that changes the game completely, that renders its competitors suddenly obsolete and old-hat."
986:
984:
sales certification. Both acts were frequent collaborators with Common and appeared on his commercially successful
383:. Petchaur, drawing from her experiences teaching high school, adds that the music frequently makes connections to
5045:
4762:
4595:
4395:
3795:
2088:"Lots of non-hip-hop fans groove to their complex beat, but they'll tell you their roots are firmly in the 'hood"
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925:
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that can variously shape the intellectual sensibilities of young students who are "deeply invested in hip hop".
2829:
1819:
1623:
The Center for Engaged Research and Collaborative Learning (CERCL) is a rotating group of graduate students at
3784:
2458:
2155:
1263:(2007), as "a triumvirate of uber-successful records that cemented his role as a progressive rap progenitor".
1043:, who had outsold them significantly up to that point. Interviewed for the same piece, Jungle Brothers rapper
827:
and have flashbacks, you don't always want to talk about that stuff. I just want to live, be happy and chill.
3545:
3534:
1445:
915:, although as a female rapper she struggled to attract interest from record labels. Meanwhile, Fugees member
2914:
2291:
868:, Coker said the trio occupy a unique space that avoids contemporary rap's pointless braggadocio, overused "
575:, an aesthetic concept that involves styles of dress contrary to prevailing fashions. This includes donning
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79:
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1997:
1320:, which set the rapper's egocentric meditations on his fame against an instrumentally varied and layered
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223:
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journalist Cary Darling writes that this form of hip hop has been "alternately labeled 'progressive,' '
4844:
2936:
1015:
for an article published "Common Moves Toward a Progressive Hip-Hop". Inspired as well by the radical
4570:
3181:
3120:
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The CERCL Writing Collective also confirms "conscious rap" as being synonymous with progressive rap.
1047:
expressed support for the younger artists and believed they were close to accomplishing their goal.
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4441:
2002:
777:
458:
412:
423:". He adds that works of the genre also utilize "a more overt dialogue with and interpretation of
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direction" and that were produced "in an avant-garde vein purposely intended to evolve the ", as
336:
2870:
1251:
writer Shahzaib Hussain recognizes West's opening trilogy of education-themed albums, including
427:". In a corollary analysis, fellow scholar Evelyn L. Parker says that progressive rap "seeks to
321:
and has been utilized as a politicizing tool to inform youth about significant social problems.
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writes. These groups were part of an acclaimed collective of progressive-rap acts known as the
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231:
2218:
Gill, Jon Ivan (2019). "Multi/race/less/ness as underground hip-hop identity in process".
1635:(2014), a collection of essays examining the intersection of hip hop culture and religion.
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from more problematic dimensions that are instead relegated under the term "rap", such as
1336:, the album "rescued faltering music from his staggering celebrity" and articulated his "
8:
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Progressive rap music is defined by its critical themes around societal concerns such as
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126:
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Hip-Hop Culture in College Students' Lives: Elements, Embodiment, and Higher Edutainment
1400:
became known for producing album-oriented progressive rap, being home to fellow rappers
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1929:(2014). "Keepin' It Real". In Sparkes, Andrew; Roberts, Brian; O'Neill, Maggie (eds.).
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continued to offer a marketable alternative. A Tribe Called Quest's early-1990s albums
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Underground Rap as Religion: A Theopoetic Examination of a Process Aesthetic Religion
2198:
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1695:
Black in School: Afrocentric Reform, Urban Youth & the Promise of Hip-hop Culture
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describes it as a form of hip hop that examines dehumanizing social conditions and
203:
195:
1176:", the double album was a pivotal release in both rap and pop music, according to
527:
406:
and contradictions as progressive rap. However, it typically avoids gangsta rap's
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4684:
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4549:
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Breaking Bread, Breaking Beats: Churches and Hip-Hop: A Basic Guide to Key Issues
2706:
2702:"Beyond Grime: Why You Need to be Paying Attention to Britain's Other Rap Scenes"
2386:
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885:
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548:
395:
356:
348:
344:
327:
294:
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2591:"George Clinton talks about working with Kendrick Lamar and other young artists"
1303:
477:", while essentializing them collectively as a return to the creative spirit of
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4414:
4385:
4340:
4295:
4280:
4270:
4220:
4215:
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1861:
Trouble Don't Last Always: Emancipatory Hope Among African American Adolescents
1553:
1377:
1137:
1020:
931:
814:
664:
515:
494:
286:
282:
219:
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2417:. Michigan State University, Department of Teacher Education. pp. 140–41.
1457:
journalist Mike Vinti reported on a development of progressive rap within the
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2433:
2428:
Parker, Evelyn L. (2012). "Sanctified Rage". In Moore, Mary Elizabeth (ed.).
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1548:
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34:
2053:
And It Don't Stop: The Best American Hip-Hop Journalism of the Last 25 Years
1961:"Libraries, Museums, and Universities Must Welcome Hip-Hop Into Their Halls"
1420:, has hosted a community of progressive-rap acts, including veteran artists
1208:
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813:
influences, while performing tough-minded raps about socially conscious and
801:, and live instrumentation (bass, keyboard, drums, and guitar) that drew on
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subculture of the years that followed. The underground scene in New York's
864:
fans loving it. ... That's mass appeal." Reporting on their impact for the
743:(1993) were especially influential in their fusion of abstract lyrics with
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580:
576:
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519:
3520:
2017:
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culture to distinguish the culture's aspects of artistic authenticity and
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1611:
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1161:
943:
916:
908:
824:
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713:
567:, individuals operating within progressive rap circles follow a distinct
407:
399:
364:
227:
191:
131:
3239:
2532:"Kanye West 'My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy' 10th Anniversary Review"
1754:
1752:
1750:
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and Sub Luna City, who are working deliberately outside the confines of
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49:
2415:
Reel Dialogues: Using Film to Discuss Race and Whiteness with Teachers
1582:"Hip hop" is traditionally used by academics and intellectuals within
1098:
In 2003, Outkast released the experimental and eccentric double album
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scene. According to Vinti, it is being "driven by fresh minds like
1401:
1165:
1011:
919:
had embarked on a solo career, duetting with Common on his single "
656:
380:
355:"producing limited life options and despair". Meanwhile, academics
105:
2459:"Renegade Man: The Legacy of Kanye West's '808s & Heartbreak'"
4960:
4920:
3755:
3720:
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3595:
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3024:
2676:"8 Record Labels & Their Hollywood Movie Studio Counterparts"
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In 2010, West returned from an elaborate recording process with
1185:
s Andy Gill, who predicted its standing "alongside the likes of
1152:, along with more traditional 1970s R&B reference points in
230:, prog-rap artists typically disavow intracultural violence and
4173:
3715:
3433:
3234:
2116:"Q&A: Local artists pay tribute to Native Tongues rap acts"
1627:
who have written in collaboration with their founding director
1595:
1164:. Hailed by critics as the best album of 2003 and aided by the
1133:
994:
869:
837:
802:
767:" and went on to join The Roots in a developing collective and
756:
436:
traditions of hip hop, clinical psychologist and documentarian
360:
270:
1031:
s advocacy for respecting women and denunciation of the word "
4990:
4827:
3700:
3690:
3500:
3293:
3271:
2730:"M.I.A. and the Challenge of Marketable Diasporic Trap Music"
1036:
2617:
Croteau, David; Hoynes, William; Childress, Clayton (2021).
226:. Unlike the genre's more commercially-dominant counterpart
1902:"Pinn and CERCL Writing Collective collaborate on new book"
998:
847:
833:
486:
254:
234:
in favor of constructive and educational responses such as
44:
2993:
2619:
Media/Society: Technology, Industries, Content, and Users
1040:
923:" (1997) and releasing her hugely successful debut album
2759:
2135:
2023:
1887:
1758:
1931:
Advances in Biographical Methods: Creative Applications
2616:
2430:
Children, Youth, and Spirituality in a Troubling World
1777:
Beyond Resistance! Youth Activism and Community Change
1481:
remained a progressive-rap innovator for conceiving a
2959:"The Double Standard of the 'Conscious Rap' Argument"
2648:"A Rational Conversation: The Sound Of TDE's Success"
1340:
far more subtly and satirically" than his next album
938:
899:
were helping inspire and shape what would become the
698:
stylings in the genre. De La Soul's 1989 debut album
538:
within progressive hip hop often deliberate over the
1606:
postures of earlier European traditions by creating
448:. However, she notes that these have largely eluded
2029:
1298:
797:, the trio incorporated soulful melodies, harmonic
2786:(2010). "Critical Pedagogy Comes at Halftime". In
2499:
1671:
591:
379:of social issues and politicize young people into
167:that aims to progress the genre thematically with
1108:'s virtuosic progressive rap and another half of
5163:
974:" (1999), while Mos Def's acclaimed debut album
704:, with its mix of collected sounds ranging from
253:approaches and wide-ranging influences, such as
2156:"Arrested Development: Biography & History"
1132:, and social fashion, with raps set to austere
2818:Hey Ya!: The Unauthorized Biography of Outkast
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
1814:. In Forbes, Bruce; Mahan, Jeffrey H. (eds.).
4763:
3009:
2875:Journal of Language, Identity & Education
2051:(2004). "Diatribe". In Cepeda, Raquel (ed.).
1192:It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back
891:By the late 1990s, progressive rap acts like
747:based in jazz, inspiring subsequent works by
300:
190:social issues, political responsibility, and
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2279:
1368:During the 2010s, a progressive hip-hop and
793:they believed had been lost among the Black
2282:"Common Moves Toward a Progressive Hip-Hop"
2188:
2175:
339:and political responsibility. According to
4770:
4756:
3016:
3002:
2484:
2055:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 155.
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
651:emerged with works that "defined the term
2915:"Is Rap Music Becoming More Progressive?"
2557:
2516:
1724:
1689:
639:At the turn of the 1990s, groups such as
359:and Julio Cammarota observe critiques of
194:concerns, particularly in the context of
2792:Born to Use Mics: Reading Nas's Illmatic
2344:
2342:
2280:O'Connor, Christopher (March 29, 2000).
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1900:Shilcutt, Katharine (January 12, 2018).
1899:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1356:
1302:
1203:
942:
595:
509:
2913:Wallace, Frankie (September 14, 2019).
2812:
2727:
2529:
2457:Hussain, Shahzaib (November 23, 2008).
2456:
2141:
2114:Johnson, Kevin C. (December 23, 2011).
2113:
1995:
1980:
1816:Religion and Popular Culture in America
1720:
1718:
1219:Later in the decade, Common and fellow
846:getting with our music", Fugees member
249:Productions in the genre often take on
5164:
2645:
2588:
2427:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
1925:
1858:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1376:centering on musicians such as rapper
614:Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five
265:. Examples have included the works of
4777:
4751:
4710:LGBT representations in hip hop music
2997:
2728:Dowling, Marcus (November 22, 2013).
2699:
2673:
2412:
2348:
2339:
2312:
2242:
2082:
2069:
1947:
1847:
1779:. Taylor & Francis. p. 177.
1643:
1641:
1416:, another independent label based in
966:chronicles. In 2000, The Roots won a
2869:Newman, Michael (December 5, 2007).
2782:
2589:Larsen, Peter (September 13, 2016).
2530:Deville, Chris (November 20, 2020).
2379:
2217:
2153:
2047:
2035:
1933:. Taylor & Francis. p. 48.
1806:
1715:
1677:
1234:(2004), the rapper-producer infused
2264:
2243:Wiltz, Teresa (December 31, 2004).
1793:
1432:, alongside younger musicians like
13:
2839:
1638:
939:2000s: Competing in the mainstream
14:
5213:
5094:Recording studio as an instrument
5033:Official Progressive Albums Chart
2977:
2760:CERCL Writing Collective (2014).
2674:Green, Dylan (January 14, 2020).
1614:distinctions within the culture."
1351:My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
1317:My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
993:Drawing on influences from jazz,
789:". Seeking to restore a sense of
5144:
5143:
4728:
4727:
2700:Vinti, Mike (January 29, 2016).
1906:Rice University News & Media
1299:2010s–present: Varied directions
5046:Progressive rock (radio format)
2937:"A History of the Hip Hop Skit"
2753:
2721:
2693:
2667:
2639:
2610:
2582:
2551:
2478:
2450:
2421:
2406:
2373:
2306:
2236:
2211:
2191:Rock and Roll: A Social History
2147:
2107:
2041:
1996:Darling, Cary (July 24, 2005).
1919:
1893:
1651:
1617:
926:The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill
727:, and the eclectic Afrocentric
592:1980s–1990s: Early developments
485:It can include everything from
214:, identity, and religion, with
2957:Wilhite, Matt (May 10, 2017).
2646:Ducker, Eric (July 23, 2014).
2380:Gill, Andy (October 3, 2003).
1959:Faces, Manny (March 6, 2019).
1820:University of California Press
1764:
1683:
1633:Breaking Bread, Breaking Beats
1576:
1493:in a musical style that melds
763:success with his 1994 single "
583:of African cultural heritage.
565:fashion in other hip hop forms
518:(left) alongside US President
497:, from hard-edged politics to
1:
2864:– via hartford-hwp.com.
2568:The Barnes & Noble Review
2490:"The Education of Kanye West"
2024:CERCL Writing Collective 2014
1888:CERCL Writing Collective 2014
1759:CERCL Writing Collective 2014
1664:
5099:Timeline of progressive rock
5079:Contemporary classical music
4881:Progression-based EDM genres
4715:Feminist activism in hip hop
2942:Red Bull Music Academy Daily
2935:Weiss, Jeff (July 7, 2015).
2790:; Daulatzai, Sohail (eds.).
2766:Augsburg Fortress Publishers
1529:Hip hop and social injustice
781:and its supporting singles "
505:
7:
4705:Partner violence in hip hop
3023:
2906:Taylor & Francis Online
1812:"Rap Music and Its Message"
1512:
1372:scene emerged along the US
1101:Speakerboxxx/The Love Below
10:
5218:
2313:Anon. (October 24, 1998).
2189:Friedlander, Paul (2018).
1859:Parker, Evelyn L. (2003).
1328:records on songs such as "
1071:Groups such as The Roots,
586:
579:clothing to represent the
558:
542:and public recognition of
440:identifies subgenres like
304:
301:Themes and characteristics
218:around ideologies such as
66:1980s–1990s, United States
5139:
5054:
5025:
4999:
4913:
4880:
4785:
4723:
4635:
4594:
4569:
4394:
4329:
4169:Bosnian and Herzegovinian
4142:
4030:
3908:
3897:
3863:
3794:
3783:
3659:
3634:
3544:
3533:
3452:
3405:
3201:
3190:
3182:Bristol underground scene
3149:
3076:
3033:
2887:10.1080/15348450701341295
2851:"The Politics of Hip Hop"
2413:Flynn, Joseph E. (2007).
1998:"Stylish hip-hop thrives"
1725:Petchauer, Emery (2012).
1509:brown woman to lead us."
1104:, comprising one half of
402:, which examines similar
163:) is a broad subgenre of
123:
118:
99:
70:
62:
28:
23:
16:Subgenre of hip hop music
5197:Progressive music genres
2222:. Taylor & Francis.
2003:Fort Worth Star-Telegram
1569:
1007:Like Water for Chocolate
987:Like Water for Chocolate
459:Fort Worth Star-Telegram
202:. Common themes include
4951:Intelligent dance music
2121:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
1588:political consciousness
1198:The Marshall Mathers LP
860:fans loving it and the
489:-like improvisation to
337:structural inequalities
246:, humor, and activism.
169:socially transformative
5055:Miscellaneous articles
2561:(September 19, 2011).
1699:Teachers College Press
1503:hyper-intellectualized
1398:Top Dawg Entertainment
1365:
1311:
1216:
1187:3 Feet High and Rising
1089:(2000) and The Roots'
1055:
955:
856:in 1996. "You got the
829:
701:3 Feet High and Rising
628:, particularly in the
610:
607:3 Feet High and Rising
531:
503:
385:critical consciousness
323:
186:Progressive rap music
4914:Related genres/scenes
4786:By style and subgenre
3883:Alternative reggaeton
3162:Universal Zulu Nation
2350:Lewis, Miles Marshall
1360:
1338:personality disorders
1306:
1292:808s & Heartbreak
1289:-processed sounds of
1207:
1146:Parliament-Funkadelic
1050:
946:
862:Red Hot Chili Peppers
820:
765:I Used to Love H.E.R.
599:
513:
483:
375:that are intended to
315:
293:pervasive in Western
196:African-American life
4648:Contemporary R&B
4457:Minneapolis/St. Paul
2855:Along the Color Line
2504:on November 14, 2013
2195:Taylor & Francis
2154:Huey, Steve (n.d.).
1822:. pp. 262–263.
1731:Taylor & Francis
1150:Mothers of Invention
964:Miles Marshall Lewis
729:Arrested Development
645:A Tribe Called Quest
636:in progressive rap.
479:hip hop's golden era
232:economic materialism
5000:Associated theories
3252:Chopped and screwed
3157:Five-Percent Nation
2920:Columbus Free Press
2788:Dyson, Michael Eric
2488:(August 26, 2007).
2250:The Washington Post
1691:Ginwright, Shawn A.
1475:Black British music
1231:The College Dropout
977:Black on Both Sides
921:Retrospect for Life
901:underground hip hop
667:that also included
653:progressive hip-hop
620:" and the music of
514:Progressive rapper
377:raise consciousness
188:critically examines
181:alternative hip hop
161:progressive hip hop
147:underground hip hop
127:Alternative hip hop
71:Typical instruments
4986:Rock in Opposition
4946:Experimental metal
2495:The New York Times
2352:(August 9, 2007).
2086:(March 31, 1996).
2084:Coker, Cheo Hodari
2026:, pp. 46, 48.
1733:. pp. 90–91.
1499:contemporary dance
1386:the Gaslamp Killer
1366:
1312:
1310:performing in 2011
1217:
1118:organized religion
980:(1999) received a
956:
759:. Common achieved
740:Midnight Marauders
734:The Low End Theory
611:
534:Intellectuals and
532:
450:mainstream culture
404:existential crises
341:Lincoln University
137:golden age hip hop
5159:
5158:
5084:Psychedelic music
4941:Experimental rock
4779:Progressive music
4745:
4744:
4631:
4630:
3893:
3892:
3779:
3778:
3529:
3528:
3109:Feminist activism
2984:"Progressive rap"
2784:Hill, Marc Lamont
2623:SAGE Publications
2559:Christgau, Robert
2144:, pp. 51–52.
2093:Los Angeles Times
1564:Whiteness studies
1539:Political hip hop
1524:Conscious hip hop
1491:gender inequality
1414:Mello Music Group
1254:Late Registration
853:Los Angeles Times
787:Killing Me Softly
710:psychedelic music
661:Cheo Hodari Coker
442:political hip hop
425:Black religiosity
353:cycles of poverty
311:progressive music
224:Black religiosity
154:
153:
142:progressive music
111:political hip hop
29:Stylistic origins
5209:
5147:
5146:
4976:Post-progressive
4936:Experimental pop
4931:Canterbury scene
4772:
4765:
4758:
4749:
4748:
4736:
4731:
4730:
4598:
4573:
4435:Washington, D.C.
4398:
4333:
4146:
4034:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3866:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3731:Na mele paleoleo
3663:
3638:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3456:
3409:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3027:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2995:
2994:
2990:(article search)
2973:
2971:
2969:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2847:Marable, Manning
2835:
2809:
2779:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2563:"Brag Like That"
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2527:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2503:
2498:. Archived from
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2390:. Archived from
2382:"Album: Outkast"
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2294:on July 15, 2021
2290:. Archived from
2277:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2186:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2080:
2067:
2066:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1993:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1956:
1945:
1944:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1856:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1804:
1791:
1790:
1773:Ginwright, Shawn
1768:
1762:
1756:
1745:
1744:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1658:
1655:
1649:
1645:
1636:
1621:
1615:
1600:Marc Lamont Hill
1594:, violence, and
1580:
1544:Progressive soul
1370:electronic music
1343:Watch the Throne
1334:Robert Christgau
1326:progressive rock
1283:
1184:
1174:The Way You Move
1124:infringement of
1067:
1030:
970:for their song "
841:
769:online community
655:", according to
476:
331:
204:social injustice
100:Derivative forms
63:Cultural origins
21:
20:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5206:
5202:Progressive rap
5162:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5135:
5050:
5021:
4995:
4909:
4876:
4781:
4776:
4746:
4741:
4734:
4719:
4685:Music sequencer
4627:
4596:
4590:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4530:Outside the US:
4527:
4523:Native American
4396:
4390:
4331:
4325:
4144:
4138:
4032:
4026:
3910:
3900:Regional scenes
3899:
3889:
3864:
3859:
3796:
3785:
3775:
3661:
3655:
3636:
3630:
3601:Psychedelic rap
3546:
3535:
3525:
3454:
3448:
3407:
3401:
3362:Progressive rap
3203:
3192:
3186:
3145:
3072:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3029:
3025:
3022:
2980:
2967:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2945:
2934:
2925:
2923:
2912:
2899:
2897:
2868:
2859:
2857:
2845:
2842:
2840:Further reading
2832:
2806:
2776:
2756:
2751:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2625:. p. 274.
2615:
2611:
2601:
2599:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2528:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2486:Caramanica, Jon
2483:
2479:
2469:
2467:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2436:. p. 205.
2426:
2422:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2394:on June 7, 2009
2387:The Independent
2378:
2374:
2364:
2362:
2359:Dallas Observer
2347:
2340:
2326:
2324:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2278:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2197:. p. 290.
2187:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2152:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2081:
2070:
2063:
2046:
2042:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2006:
1994:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1958:
1957:
1948:
1941:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1898:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1857:
1848:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1805:
1794:
1787:
1769:
1765:
1757:
1748:
1741:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1701:. p. 132.
1688:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1639:
1629:Anthony B. Pinn
1625:Rice University
1622:
1618:
1598:, according to
1581:
1577:
1572:
1515:
1434:Open Mike Eagle
1394:Shabazz Palaces
1380:, producer-DJs
1301:
1281:
1221:Chicago hip hop
1182:
1179:The Independent
1158:Curtis Mayfield
1126:civil liberties
1077:Dilated Peoples
1069:
1064:Jungle Brothers
1060:Afrika Baby Bam
1057:
1045:Afrika Baby Bam
1028:
960:post-millennial
941:
886:Digable Planets
843:
831:
669:Jungle Brothers
600:Cover print of
594:
589:
561:
549:people of color
544:hip hop culture
508:
474:
413:intrinsic value
357:Shawn Ginwright
349:Rice University
345:Anthony B. Pinn
333:
328:Shawn Ginwright
325:
313:
303:
295:popular culture
157:Progressive rap
24:Progressive rap
17:
12:
11:
5:
5215:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5192:Hip hop genres
5189:
5187:2010s in music
5184:
5182:2000s in music
5179:
5177:1990s in music
5174:
5172:1980s in music
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5096:
5091:
5089:Romantic music
5086:
5081:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5064:
5058:
5056:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4895:
4890:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4775:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4752:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4602:
4600:
4597:South American
4592:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4577:
4575:
4567:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4513:Asian American
4510:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4405:United States:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4397:North American
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4335:
4332:Middle Eastern
4327:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
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4028:
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4019:
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3999:
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3989:
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3977:
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3903:
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3869:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3816:Florida breaks
3813:
3811:Baltimore club
3802:
3800:
3789:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3761:Urban Pasifika
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3741:Romany hip hop
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3696:Hip hop galsen
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3667:
3665:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3642:
3640:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3591:New jack swing
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3539:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3474:Brooklyn drill
3466:
3460:
3458:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3419:
3413:
3411:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
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3379:
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3372:
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3359:
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3335:
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3325:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3308:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3209:
3207:
3196:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3021:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2988:Google Scholar
2979:
2978:External links
2976:
2975:
2974:
2954:
2932:
2910:
2881:(2): 131–145.
2866:
2849:(March 2002).
2841:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2830:
2814:Nickson, Chris
2810:
2805:978-0465002115
2804:
2780:
2775:978-0800699260
2774:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2720:
2692:
2666:
2638:
2631:
2609:
2581:
2550:
2515:
2477:
2449:
2443:978-0827205789
2442:
2420:
2405:
2372:
2338:
2305:
2263:
2235:
2228:
2210:
2203:
2174:
2146:
2134:
2106:
2068:
2061:
2040:
2038:, p. 111.
2028:
2016:
1979:
1946:
1939:
1927:Haaken, Janice
1918:
1892:
1880:
1873:
1846:
1828:
1792:
1785:
1763:
1746:
1739:
1714:
1707:
1682:
1680:, p. 102.
1669:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1650:
1637:
1616:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1554:Radicalization
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1514:
1511:
1392:, and rap duo
1378:Kendrick Lamar
1300:
1297:
1049:
1021:the Last Poets
940:
937:
819:
665:Native Tongues
616:'s 1982 song "
604:'s 1989 album
593:
590:
588:
585:
560:
557:
516:Kendrick Lamar
507:
504:
314:
302:
299:
283:Kendrick Lamar
220:Afrocentricity
152:
151:
150:
149:
144:
139:
134:
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121:
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15:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
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5067:Concept album
5065:
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5034:
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4693:
4691:
4688:
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4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4663:Record player
4661:
4659:
4656:
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4458:
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4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4425:New York City
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4399:
4393:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4371:Saudi Arabian
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
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4334:
4328:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
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4189:
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4151:
4149:
4147:
4141:
4135:
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4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
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4087:
4085:
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4080:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4029:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4002:South African
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3985:Port Harcourt
3983:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3896:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3862:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3782:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3766:Vigilante rap
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3736:Nuyorican rap
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3633:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3536:Fusion genres
3532:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3289:Freestyle rap
3287:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3247:Chipmunk soul
3245:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3057:
3055:
3050:
3048:
3043:
3041:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3019:
3014:
3012:
3007:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2981:
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2960:
2955:
2944:
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2938:
2933:
2922:
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2880:
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2844:
2843:
2833:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2797:
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2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2724:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2696:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2642:
2634:
2632:9781071819319
2628:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2585:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2453:
2445:
2439:
2435:
2434:Chalice Press
2431:
2424:
2416:
2409:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2376:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2351:
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2334:
2322:
2321:
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2309:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2245:"Ladies Last"
2239:
2231:
2229:9781351391320
2225:
2221:
2214:
2206:
2204:9780429963254
2200:
2196:
2192:
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2179:
2163:
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2150:
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2122:
2117:
2110:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2064:
2062:9781466810464
2058:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2037:
2032:
2025:
2020:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1942:
1940:9781317915508
1936:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1911:September 10,
1907:
1903:
1896:
1890:, p. 46.
1889:
1884:
1876:
1874:9780829821031
1870:
1866:
1865:Pilgrim Press
1862:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1842:
1831:
1829:9780520932579
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1808:Pinn, Anthony
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1788:
1786:9781135927806
1782:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1761:, p. 50.
1760:
1755:
1753:
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746:
745:music samples
742:
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726:
721:
719:
718:Chris Nickson
715:
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677:Queen Latifah
674:
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553:youth culture
550:
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541:
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529:
528:Janelle Monáe
525:
522:(center) and
521:
517:
512:
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499:avant-gardist
496:
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438:Janice Haaken
433:
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421:Black America
418:
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408:documentarian
405:
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392:social status
388:
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165:hip hop music
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27:
22:
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5148:
5038:
4732:
4680:Hip hop skit
4675:Drum machine
4636:Other topics
4529:
4430:Philadelphia
4404:
3873:Funk carioca
3823:Ghetto house
3681:Boomba music
3571:Hip hop soul
3484:Sample drill
3479:Jersey drill
3361:
3306:Instrumental
2966:. Retrieved
2962:
2946:. Retrieved
2940:
2924:. Retrieved
2918:
2904:– via
2898:. Retrieved
2878:
2874:
2858:. Retrieved
2854:
2817:
2791:
2761:
2754:Bibliography
2739:. Retrieved
2733:
2723:
2711:. Retrieved
2705:
2695:
2683:. Retrieved
2679:
2669:
2657:. Retrieved
2651:
2641:
2618:
2612:
2600:. Retrieved
2594:
2584:
2572:. Retrieved
2566:
2553:
2541:. Retrieved
2535:
2506:. Retrieved
2501:the original
2493:
2480:
2468:. Retrieved
2464:Highsnobiety
2462:
2452:
2429:
2423:
2414:
2408:
2396:. Retrieved
2392:the original
2385:
2375:
2363:. Retrieved
2357:
2333:Google Books
2331:– via
2325:. Retrieved
2323:. p. 99
2318:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
2292:the original
2285:
2254:. Retrieved
2248:
2238:
2219:
2213:
2190:
2165:. Retrieved
2159:
2149:
2142:Nickson 2004
2137:
2125:. Retrieved
2119:
2109:
2097:. Retrieved
2091:
2052:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2007:. Retrieved
2001:
1970:. Retrieved
1964:
1930:
1921:
1909:. Retrieved
1895:
1883:
1860:
1841:Google Books
1839:– via
1833:. Retrieved
1815:
1776:
1766:
1726:
1694:
1685:
1673:
1653:
1632:
1631:, including
1619:
1578:
1559:Soulquarians
1452:
1450:
1442:Apollo Brown
1382:Flying Lotus
1367:
1350:
1348:
1341:
1315:
1313:
1290:
1276:
1265:
1258:
1252:
1248:Highsnobiety
1246:
1240:
1229:
1218:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1177:
1142:multitracked
1136:beats, funk
1130:prostitution
1099:
1097:
1090:
1084:
1070:
1056:
1051:
1010:
1006:
992:
985:
975:
968:Grammy Award
957:
930:
924:
905:West Village
890:
878:misogynistic
865:
851:
844:
830:
821:
776:
738:
732:
725:Beastie Boys
722:
699:
693:
685:Busta Rhymes
652:
649:Brand Nubian
638:
622:Public Enemy
612:
605:
581:valorization
573:anti-fashion
562:
540:preservation
533:
520:Barack Obama
484:
457:
434:
389:
334:
324:
316:
248:
185:
160:
156:
155:
119:Other topics
18:
5012:Eclecticism
4700:Video vixen
4695:Synthesizer
4668:Turntablism
4653:Disc jockey
4586:New Zealand
4366:Palestinian
4261:Montenegrin
4052:Bangladeshi
4047:Azerbaijani
3786:Derivatives
3771:Zenji flava
3746:Songo-salsa
3676:Bongo flava
3556:Country rap
3444:Memphis rap
3427:Mafioso rap
3422:Gangsta rap
3397:Underground
3392:Turntablism
3316:Chicano rap
3218:Hipster hop
3213:Alternative
2796:Basic Books
1410:Schoolboy Q
1271:-sampling "
1257:(2005) and
1162:Marvin Gaye
1017:spoken-word
950:(left) and
917:Lauryn Hill
909:Talib Kweli
761:underground
737:(1991) and
714:gangsta rap
681:Black Sheep
618:The Message
577:Afrocentric
468:underground
464:alternative
454:stereotypes
400:gangsta rap
365:colonialism
291:stereotypes
251:avant-garde
228:gangsta rap
192:existential
177:underground
132:gangsta rap
40:avant-garde
5166:Categories
5041:(magazine)
4971:Proto-prog
4855:Avant-prog
4803:Electronic
4581:Australian
4560:Salvadoran
4496:West Coast
4442:Midwestern
4420:New Jersey
4410:East Coast
4256:Macedonian
4231:Portuguese
4124:Sri Lankan
4114:Philippine
4079:Indonesian
4022:Zimbabwean
3997:Senegalese
3835:Glitch hop
3828:Ghettotech
3797:Electronic
3686:Cumbia rap
3646:Trap metal
3581:Industrial
3496:Latin trap
3455:Trap music
3439:Horrorcore
3382:Snap music
3366:Religious
3333:Mumble rap
3328:Miami bass
3284:East Coast
3177:Golden age
3172:New school
3167:Old-school
3131:Production
3084:Battle rap
3067:Beatboxing
2831:0312337353
2596:PopMatters
2049:Tate, Greg
1665:References
1483:globalized
1459:UK hip-hop
1422:Kool Keith
1390:Thundercat
1388:, bassist
1374:West Coast
1322:maximalist
1308:Kanye West
1260:Graduation
1225:Kanye West
1209:André 3000
1110:André 3000
1092:Phrenology
1073:Jurassic 5
972:You Got Me
897:Juggaknots
893:Black Star
795:underclass
791:musicality
773:Okayplayer
720:recounts.
673:Monie Love
641:De La Soul
626:urban life
602:De La Soul
569:dress code
373:patriarchy
369:capitalism
305:See also:
287:countering
279:Kanye West
267:De La Soul
216:discourses
208:inequality
5062:Art music
5017:Formalism
5007:Auteurism
4981:Post-punk
4956:Krautrock
4903:Psytrance
4833:Metalcore
4793:Bluegrass
4643:Auto-Tune
4623:Colombian
4606:Brazilian
4545:Dominican
4501:Northwest
4462:Wisconsin
4415:Baltimore
4321:Ukrainian
4301:Slovenian
4266:Norwegian
4241:Icelandic
4236:Hungarian
4191:Bulgarian
4129:Taiwanese
4119:Singapore
4109:Pakistani
4099:Mongolian
4094:Malaysian
4007:Tanzanian
3965:Mauritian
3878:Reggaeton
3850:Freestyle
3806:Breakbeat
3671:Afroswing
3637:Rap metal
3616:Rap opera
3576:Hip house
3464:Afro trap
3417:Dirty rap
3370:Christian
3355:Conscious
3350:Political
3277:Crunkcore
3262:Cloud rap
3193:Subgenres
3121:Festivals
2895:144046990
2822:Macmillan
2653:NPR Music
2537:Stereogum
2398:April 16,
2320:Billboard
2315:"Succeed"
2036:Hill 2010
1972:August 1,
1678:Hill 2010
1519:Album era
1451:In 2016,
1426:Pete Rock
1287:Auto-Tune
1278:Stereogum
1269:Daft Punk
1236:pop music
1154:Sly Stone
1122:post-9/11
1086:Stankonia
1025:The Light
913:Jean Grae
882:P.M. Dawn
858:Mobb Deep
850:told the
783:Fu-Gee-La
778:The Score
771:known as
753:The Roots
634:discourse
524:prog-soul
506:Patronage
472:conscious
429:transform
173:conscious
5150:Category
4966:New wave
4926:Art rock
4865:New prog
4860:Neo-prog
4735:Category
4658:DJ mixer
4611:Brasília
4572:Oceanian
4535:Canadian
4474:Southern
4376:Tunisian
4361:Lebanese
4346:Egyptian
4276:Romanian
4196:Croatian
4184:Scottish
4159:Austrian
4154:Albanian
4145:European
4104:Nepalese
4084:Japanese
4042:Armenian
4012:Togolese
3992:Nigerien
3980:Nigerian
3975:Namibian
3970:Moroccan
3960:Malawian
3945:Ghanaian
3935:Botswana
3930:Beninese
3920:Algerian
3845:Illbient
3751:Scam rap
3726:Motswako
3711:Igbo rap
3662:Regional
3651:Nu metal
3626:Trip hop
3621:Rap rock
3606:Punk rap
3586:Jazz rap
3489:UK drill
3408:Hardcore
3387:Southern
3343:Chap hop
3338:Nerdcore
3240:Road rap
3225:Boom bap
3104:Feminism
3099:Activism
3060:Emceeing
3053:Graffiti
3039:Breaking
2968:July 18,
2948:July 15,
2926:July 26,
2900:July 17,
2860:July 16,
2816:(2004).
2741:July 15,
2735:HipHopDX
2713:March 1,
2685:July 16,
2659:July 16,
2602:July 20,
2574:July 31,
2543:March 1,
2508:July 20,
2470:July 16,
2365:July 14,
2354:"Common"
2327:July 25,
2298:July 15,
2287:MTV News
2256:July 25,
2167:March 1,
2161:AllMusic
2127:July 16,
2099:July 27,
2009:July 15,
1966:LinkedIn
1835:March 1,
1810:(2005).
1775:(eds.).
1693:(2004).
1534:Jazz rap
1513:See also
1485:gaze of
1446:L'Orange
1402:Jay Rock
1273:Stronger
1245:(2005).
1166:pop-soul
1095:(2002).
1012:MTV News
990:(2000).
929:(1998).
799:refrains
696:hardcore
657:Greg Kot
563:As with
446:homo hop
396:mobility
381:activism
244:heritage
106:Homo hop
87:keyboard
4961:New pop
4921:Art pop
4813:Hip hop
4798:Country
4690:Sampler
4618:Chilean
4555:Mexican
4550:Haitian
4484:Memphis
4479:Atlanta
4452:Detroit
4447:Chicago
4381:Turkish
4356:Israeli
4351:Iranian
4311:Swedish
4306:Spanish
4291:Serbian
4286:Russian
4251:Italian
4211:Finnish
4174:British
4164:Belgian
4062:Chinese
4057:Burmese
4017:Zambian
3950:Ivorian
3940:Gambian
3925:Angolan
3911:African
3756:Stronda
3721:Low bap
3706:Hiplife
3596:Pop rap
3566:Emo rap
3561:Electro
3547:General
3521:UK trap
3299:Jerkin'
3257:Chopper
3235:British
3204:General
3150:History
3136:Theater
3094:Fashion
3077:Culture
3026:Hip hop
2963:DJBooth
2680:DJBooth
1604:elitist
1584:hip hop
1507:new-age
1438:Oddisee
1406:Ab-Soul
1364:in 2014
1223:artist
1215:in 2003
1213:Outkast
1172:" and "
1170:Hey Ya!
1138:grooves
1106:Big Boi
1081:Outkast
995:R&B
954:in 1999
952:Mos Def
874:samples
836:of the
825:Vietnam
817:ideas.
807:doo-wop
785:" and "
689:Mos Def
630:refrain
587:History
559:Fashion
536:patrons
526:singer
307:Hip hop
289:racist
275:Outkast
80:sampler
35:Hip hop
4898:Trance
4888:Breaks
4506:Alaska
4386:Yemeni
4341:Arabic
4296:Slovak
4281:Romany
4271:Polish
4221:German
4216:French
4179:Celtic
4089:Korean
4067:Indian
3955:Kenyan
3716:Kwaito
3434:G-funk
3375:Jewish
3267:Comedy
3230:Bounce
3141:Genres
2893:
2828:
2802:
2772:
2629:
2440:
2226:
2201:
2059:
1937:
1871:
1826:
1783:
1737:
1705:
1596:sexism
1487:class-
1479:M.I.A.
1444:, and
1428:, and
1418:Tucson
1408:, and
1362:M.I.A.
1349:While
1168:hits "
1160:, and
1140:, and
1134:techno
1116:life,
1075:, and
1066:(2000)
1019:group
1001:, and
948:Common
884:, and
870:P-Funk
840:(1996)
838:Fugees
809:, and
803:reggae
757:Fugees
755:, and
749:Common
687:, and
647:, and
530:, 2016
470:' or '
417:uplift
398:, and
371:, and
361:racism
330:(2004)
281:, and
271:Fugees
261:, and
240:uplift
212:status
179:, and
93:guitar
76:Vocals
5129:2010s
5124:2000s
5119:1990s
5114:1980s
5109:1970s
5104:1960s
5026:Media
4991:Zeuhl
4893:House
4828:Djent
4823:Metal
4540:Cuban
4518:Latin
4489:Miami
4467:Omaha
4316:Swiss
4246:Irish
4226:Greek
4206:Dutch
4201:Czech
4033:Asian
3865:Other
3855:Wonky
3840:Grime
3701:Hipco
3691:Genge
3611:Ragga
3516:Tread
3506:Plugg
3501:Phonk
3469:Drill
3311:Latin
3294:Hyphy
3272:Crunk
3126:Music
3089:Dance
3046:DJing
2891:S2CID
1570:Notes
1471:grime
1463:Gaika
1330:Power
1282:'
1183:'
1037:Jay-Z
1033:bitch
1029:'
866:Times
811:Latin
495:noise
493:-ish
90:drums
5072:List
5039:Prog
4872:Soul
4850:Rock
4845:Punk
4818:Jazz
4808:Folk
4134:Thai
4072:Desi
3511:Rage
3323:Lofi
3116:LGBT
2970:2021
2950:2021
2928:2021
2902:2021
2862:2021
2826:ISBN
2800:ISBN
2770:ISBN
2743:2021
2715:2021
2707:Vice
2687:2021
2661:2021
2627:ISBN
2604:2021
2576:2021
2545:2021
2510:2021
2472:2021
2438:ISBN
2400:2012
2367:2021
2329:2021
2300:2021
2258:2021
2224:ISBN
2199:ISBN
2169:2021
2129:2021
2101:2021
2057:ISBN
2011:2021
1974:2021
1935:ISBN
1913:2021
1869:ISBN
1837:2021
1824:ISBN
1781:ISBN
1735:ISBN
1703:ISBN
1608:high
1505:and
1495:trap
1489:and
1454:Vice
1430:O.C.
1384:and
1195:and
1148:and
1039:and
999:funk
982:Gold
895:and
848:Pras
834:Pras
706:soul
491:rock
487:jazz
466:,' '
444:and
394:and
309:and
263:soul
259:rock
255:jazz
222:and
198:and
159:(or
84:bass
55:soul
50:rock
45:jazz
4840:Pop
2986:at
2883:doi
1612:low
1211:of
1083:'s
1062:of
1041:DMX
932:XXL
708:to
555:."
419:of
347:of
5168::
2961:.
2939:.
2917:.
2889:.
2877:.
2873:.
2853:.
2824:.
2820:.
2798:.
2794:.
2768:.
2764:.
2732:.
2704:.
2678:.
2650:.
2621:.
2593:.
2565:.
2534:.
2518:^
2492:.
2461:.
2432:.
2384:.
2356:.
2341:^
2317:.
2284:.
2266:^
2247:.
2193:.
2177:^
2158:.
2118:.
2090:.
2071:^
2000:.
1982:^
1963:.
1949:^
1904:.
1867:.
1863:.
1849:^
1818:.
1795:^
1749:^
1729:.
1717:^
1697:.
1640:^
1497:,
1465:,
1448:.
1440:,
1436:,
1424:,
1412:.
1404:,
1242:Be
1189:,
1156:,
1128:,
1120:,
1058:—
1005:,
997:,
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