677:(National Assembly). To become a member of the Interim Batasang Pambansa, one must be a qualified citizen of the Republic and was elected by the popular district in which he will represent at the assembly. Though the appointment of the Prime Minister is exactly written on the Constitution, however, the Prime Minister is exempted from impeachment, thus paving way for whoever the Prime Minister will be, for an indefinite term. On the same hand, the Prime Minister and his deputy may leave office at their own will. However, the same as in other Parliaments , the Batasang Pambansa (National Assembly) may withdraw its confidence from the Prime Minister only by electing a successor by a majority vote of all its Members.
40:
633:
723:
who would be directly elected by the people and has complete control over the ministries as chief executive, the one that would determine the national and foreign policies of the country and who commands the armed forces. The
President retains the right to issue decrees with the force of law at any time pursuant to Amendment No. 6 to the said Constitution, ratified in 1976. The prime minister was still retained as the head of the Cabinet, but his power was relegated to supervising the ministries. He or she will be elected by the majority of all the members of the
919:
505:
420:
975:
808:
864:
731:
the activities of the ministries and to act on all matters delegated by the
President without indicating the sentence, "By the Authority of the President." And in 1984, the Prime Minister was mandated also to head a Cabinet Standing Committee created to assist the President in his functions, whenever he may prescribe and as chairman of the committee, he was made as its executive officer to carry out its decisions and actions.
1028:
54:
416:, president of the Congress of the Republic since September 15, 1898. He opposed Mabini's offensive plan to counter United States attacks during the war, so he proposed peace plans with the Americans to Aguinaldo, such that the Philippines would be a protectorate of the United States with full autonomy. This was opposed by Mabini, however, Paterno and his allies convinced Aguinaldo to dissolve the Mabini cabinet.
296:
722:
However, upon the amendments to the 1973 Constitution in 1981, which created a so-called modified parliamentary form of government, which has some sorts of semi-presidentialism, to be patterned after that in Peru, most of the executive powers held by the Prime
Minister were restored to the President,
730:
Under
Executive Order No. 708 issued on July 27, 1981, the powers of the prime minister were expanded, especially in relation to supervising such ministries. The prime minister was mandated to take charge and management of the day-to-day and details of administration of the government, to coordinate
718:
In
Section 16, it was also mentioned that all powers previously vested by the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines to the President of the Republic shall be transferred to the Prime Minister unless the National Assembly provides those. This includes the power of the Prime Minister to sign and create
408:
erupted on
February 4, 1899. The revolutionary government was forced to vacate Malolos and transfer the seat of administration from place to place. Mabini, who was pressured then from his political adversaries and failure to stop the increasing guerilla insurgency during the war, left the post and
399:
In the next few months, Mabini was pressured by political problems such as negotiating to end the hostilities between
Filipinos and American forces left in the Philippines after the war. After the failure to reach successful agreements with the U.S. army to secure a cease fire, the
1277:. The First Philippine Republic that was headed by President Emilio Aguinaldo was dissolved after Aguinaldo was captured by American forces on March 23, 1901 in Palanan, Isabela. The succeeding 1935 and 1943 constitutions did not provide for a prime minister.
727:, then the country's unicameral parliamentary legislature, upon nomination of the President. The prime minister is responsible, alongside the Cabinet, before the Batasang Pambansa for a program of government that has to be approved first by the President.
491:
on
November 15, 1935. The 1935 Constitution that describes the operation of the Commonwealth does not have the provision of reviving the office of the President of the Council of the Government or creating any related position. This was continued until the
589:, Virata held this position. It was conjectured that Marcos bestowed his Prime Ministerial post to Virata because of the latter's distance from mainstream politics. Other than being Marcos' finance minister, Virata was not a political threat.
680:
Apart being the head of government, the Prime
Minister also presides over his Cabinet. He has the power to appoint Cabinet members, often from the National Assembly. Likewise, he also has the prerogative to remove them at his discretion.
543:, thus re-creating the office after 1899. Marcos, who concurrently as president, continued to wield the powers vested in the President by the 1935 Constitution. The Amendment also created the unicameral legislature known as the
655:, who also happened to be the concurrent Minister of Foreign Affairs. The President of the Council is equivalent to present-day Prime Minister, having the management of the day-to-day operations of the government.
2379:
1295:
The 1986 Provisional
Constitution abolished the office of prime minister. The succeeding 1987 Constitution did not provide for a prime minister, with the president being the head of both state and government.
711:
Grant reprieves, commutations, and pardons; remit fines and forfeitures after final conviction; and grant amnesties with the permission of the National Assembly, except at the time of impeachment; and
2869:
1516:
2372:
468:, thus ending his term as the President of the Council. Aguinaldo, however, did not appoint a successor for Paterno as he was busy for fleeing the Republic. On June 21, 1900, Paterno, as
438:
which asks for peace settlement with the US government. This also states that the Filipinos are ready to drop the idea of independence and accept US sovereignty over the archipelago.
334:
as the first President of the Council of Government through a decree issued January 2, 1899. Mabini also became the finance minister of the Republic. The President of the Council was
2031:
434:
The next day, May 8, Aguinaldo appointed Paterno as the President of the Council of Government. One of his first moves during his term was to draft a copy of "Autonomy Plan" to the
2365:
3016:
539:, which fused legislative and executive powers in the office of President. One of its provisions at the time of ratification was that the President shall obtain the title of
3798:
2787:
2299:
464:
During the war, the seat of Aguinaldo changed from place to place northwards as the Americans grew aggressive. On November 13, 1899, Paterno was captured by US forces in
453:. He ordered to arrest Paterno and other members of the Cabinet, however, he was unsuccessful to send Paterno to jail. Due to his actions, Paterno was forced to write a
2448:
573:
Upon his inauguration for a third presidential term on June 30, 1981, Marcos formally relinquished his powers as Prime Minister. He appointed then-Finance Minister
3491:
2434:
609:
to succeed Virata under her revolutionary government. However, the premiership was later abolished in March 1986 with the release of Proclamation No. 3, or the "
1106:
662:
3656:
3071:
673:. Article IX, section 3 of the 1973 Constitution describes the primary qualification of an individual to become the Prime Minister: he must be a member of the
2797:
610:
2452:
3481:
3286:
2846:
1215:
2573:
577:
to succeed him to the post during the opening of the fourth regular session of the IBP on July 27, 1981. Virata, a grand-nephew of former President
2416:
2388:
2292:
3727:
3056:
570:(New Society Movement). By June 12, the IBP was inaugurated which also confirmed Marcos' position as the Prime Minister of the Philippines.
3793:
2792:
268:. A limited version of this office, officially known as the President of the Council of Government, existed temporarily in 1899 during the
1612:
3788:
3066:
2285:
1394:
719:
treaties and foreign agreements as well as appointment of ambassadors and consuls with the permission of the Commission on Appointments.
1379:
1083:
1046:
753:
666:
2901:
2826:
1890:
1885:
1880:
659:
645:
528:
307:
2179:
3426:
547:(Interim National Assembly or IBP), as well as a provision such that the President/Prime Minister will exercise legislative powers
3606:
3471:
3626:
1011:
953:
651:
on Title IX, with the role as the head of secretaries to the President of the Republic. The first President of the Council was
555:
378:
3596:
3321:
2946:
2743:
2645:
2566:
2411:
2212:
2202:
2172:
2145:
2118:
2088:
2071:
2021:
1976:
1949:
1915:
1094:
566:
under the 1973 Constitution. 150 out of 165 elected positions of the parliament were dominated by Marcos' ruling party, the
3631:
3101:
842:
3146:
3131:
2849:
2758:
2698:
2224:
155:
3431:
3306:
3076:
2768:
2733:
2601:
2080:
Brains of the Nation: Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de Los Reyes, and the Production of Modern Knowledge
708:
Appoint the heads of government bureaus and offices, and promote brigadier-generals and commodores of the Armed Forces;
261:
3531:
3411:
3396:
3191:
3096:
2162:
2135:
2108:
2061:
1966:
1939:
1220:
602:
493:
279:
457:
on June 2, 1899, stating a formal declaration of war against the United States. On June 5, Luna was assassinated in
381:
on June 12, 1898. The United States did not recognize Philippine sovereignty. This led to serious conflict when the
2559:
1766:
3541:
3196:
2713:
2615:
698:
648:
536:
513:
488:
265:
135:
2194:
The Encyclopedia of the Spanish–American and Philippine–American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History
3757:
3747:
3722:
3516:
3496:
3026:
2525:
1991:
532:
691:
Present the program and state of the government to the National Assembly at the start of each regular session;
479:
From 1899 to 1901, Philippines was headed by American military governors. When Aguinaldo was captured by Gen.
3687:
3601:
3476:
3401:
3271:
2971:
2931:
2894:
2670:
2635:
3742:
3636:
3576:
3376:
3366:
3346:
3326:
3261:
3121:
3051:
2981:
2966:
2739:
2704:
2641:
2406:
2246:
535:; the majority approved its continuation. In addition, drafted and ratified was the Sixth Amendment to the
245:
227:
160:
129:
119:
3091:
2357:
476:
and he finally swore allegiance to the United States together with other members of Aguinaldo government.
3702:
3561:
3551:
3511:
3351:
3316:
3181:
3006:
2961:
2841:
2831:
2749:
563:
427:
405:
3767:
3586:
3581:
3526:
3521:
3446:
3421:
3361:
3331:
3141:
3116:
3111:
3041:
3036:
3021:
2986:
2926:
2754:
2724:
2694:
1620:
3732:
3646:
3641:
3621:
3536:
3501:
3456:
3386:
3381:
3371:
3356:
3301:
3246:
3216:
3211:
3186:
3171:
3156:
3136:
3106:
3081:
3031:
2996:
2991:
2976:
2951:
2941:
2936:
2764:
2729:
2596:
1016:
958:
674:
544:
385:
269:
3762:
3752:
3717:
3692:
3682:
3672:
3616:
3611:
3566:
3506:
3466:
3461:
3441:
3416:
3296:
3281:
3276:
3256:
3236:
3201:
3176:
3161:
3046:
3011:
3001:
2887:
2857:
2836:
2821:
2689:
2487:
487:, the country was headed then by civil governors until the formal establishment of self-autonomous
377:
to contest the Philippine status as an independent nation and no longer a Spanish colony since the
346:
2032:"Appendix C. Aguinaldo's Proclamation of June 23, 1898, Establishing the Revolutionary Government"
3712:
3697:
3677:
3651:
3591:
3571:
3556:
3546:
3486:
3451:
3391:
3341:
3311:
3251:
3241:
3221:
3206:
3166:
3126:
2956:
2606:
993:
937:
744:
586:
567:
401:
257:
74:
396:, to lobby them to reconsider their plans and instead formally recognize Filipino independence.
3707:
3436:
3406:
3336:
3291:
3266:
3226:
3151:
3086:
3061:
2719:
2709:
2651:
2611:
1624:
1286:
The 1973 constitution restored the office of prime minister, but it remained vacant until 1978.
1274:
882:
826:
762:
632:
441:
Meanwhile, the takeover by Paterno of the revolutionary government and his actions towards the
358:
241:
39:
2660:
1558:
1531:
1501:
473:
2666:
2656:
2631:
1270:
620:
has no provisions for such a position, as the President is now both head of government and
393:
1682:
302:, first President of the Council of Government, considered as the Prime Minister's office.
8:
2228:
670:
531:, set on October 16, 1976. The voters were asked whether they wanted to lift the ongoing
442:
435:
2813:
2681:
2551:
1616:
702:
140:
2621:
2492:
2319:
2277:
2208:
2198:
2168:
2158:
2141:
2131:
2114:
2104:
2084:
2067:
2057:
2017:
1972:
1962:
1945:
1935:
1911:
1406:
1254:
1188:
1159:
814:
724:
688:
Appoint the Deputy Prime Minister that will have powers vested by the Prime Minister;
652:
617:
559:
480:
331:
299:
185:
2626:
2475:
2471:
2336:
1239:
1182:
1135:
963:
925:
852:
847:
578:
524:
509:
484:
461:, one of the alleged reasons for his murder was due to this conflict with Paterno.
423:
413:
374:
327:
319:
311:
190:
2346:
2330:
2192:
2152:
2125:
2098:
2078:
2051:
2011:
1956:
1925:
1905:
1200:
1141:
1034:
606:
469:
450:
275:
206:
59:
504:
2910:
2779:
2442:
1958:
Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: the Political Economy of Authoritarianism
1062:
918:
598:
339:
91:
85:
79:
65:
1983:
326:) and seven secretaries. The president of the revolutionary government led by
3782:
2808:
2588:
2456:
2324:
2003:
1194:
1153:
870:
621:
516:
350:
278:
served as the last prime minister of the Philippines and later served as the
249:
201:
392:. By January 30, Aguinaldo had again dispatched Agoncillo, this time to the
2387:
2341:
1176:
1147:
1120:
981:
574:
446:
1985:
The Laws of the First Philippine Republic (The Laws of Malolos), 1898-1899
419:
2392:
2262:
2236:
637:
458:
370:
253:
2053:
Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor
1407:"Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain; December 10, 1898"
644:
The office of the President of the Council of Government was created by
665:
provided clear powers and duties of the Prime Minister starting at the
582:
412:
One of the political adversaries who forced Mabini to leave office was
382:
3231:
2013:
Arc of Empire: America's Wars in Asia from the Philippines to Vietnam
1995:
1931:
974:
454:
807:
1999:
1123:(1981–1986) (born December 12, 1930) — 93 years, 283 days
863:
373:
to the United States. Two days later, Aguinaldo ordered his lawyer
335:
164:
2879:
1027:
53:
465:
389:
2482:
1273:, Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States through the
1104:
2520:
2460:
2438:
1613:"Progressive Leader of the Philippines, Cesar Virata WG 1953"
354:
472:, accepted amnesty granted by the military governor General
2515:
2510:
2100:
The Philippines: Colonialism, Collaboration, and Resistance
1410:
366:
362:
295:
2581:
1335:
1333:
901:
Office abolished (November 13, 1899 – January 17, 1973)
527:
issued Presidential Decrees 991 and 1033 calling for a
16:
Head of government of the Philippines from 1978 to 1986
2307:
1773:. April 7, 1981. Item 1 of Section 13 of Article VIII.
318:) which was composed of the President of the Council (
1907:
Pacific Century: The Emergence of Modern Pacific Asia
426:
succeeded Mabini in May 1899. His actions led to the
3799:
Lists of political office-holders in the Philippines
2150:
1891:
1973 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines
1886:
1935 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines
1881:
1899 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines
1587:
1330:
1128:
List of prime ministers by age at the start of term:
1771:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
1216:List of sovereign state leaders in the Philippines
714:Guarantee foreign and local loans of the Republic.
310:created the office of the Council of Government (
3780:
908:Office vacant (January 17, 1973 – June 12, 1978)
562:, was held since the abolition of the bicameral
388:was formally established on January 23, 1899 at
640:highlighting the birthplace of Prime Ministers.
2127:The Philippines: A Singular and A Plural Place
499:
2895:
2567:
2373:
2293:
1927:Politics in Southeast Asia: Democracy or Less
1583:
1581:
684:He also has the following powers and duties:
409:surrendered to United States on May 7, 1899.
2010:Hunt, Michael H.; Levine, Steven I. (2012),
1493:
1491:
1478:
1476:
1169:List of prime ministers by tenure of office:
1068:
906:
899:
428:declaration of war against the United States
264:, the prime minister served as the head the
1568:
1566:
694:Control all ministries provided by the law;
2902:
2888:
2574:
2560:
2380:
2366:
2300:
2286:
2009:
1578:
1437:
1425:
1375:
1084:List of vice presidents of the Philippines
1077:
754:United Nationalist Democratic Organization
734:
597:Upon her accession in late February 1986,
2177:
2123:
1990:Digitally archived and reproduced at the
1903:
1669:
1599:
1521:
1488:
1473:
1449:
1390:
1179:(1981–1986) — 4 years, 240 days
1070:Position abolished (since March 25, 1986)
581:, previously represented the country to
1988:, Manila: National Historical Commission
1563:
1357:
1345:
1185:(1978–1981) — 3 years, 18 days
631:
585:'s Council of Governors. Until the 1986
503:
418:
294:
290:
2096:
2076:
1981:
1741:
1554:
1527:
1497:
1461:
1443:
1431:
1363:
1351:
1320:
1318:
1316:
778:
3781:
2190:
2036:The Development of Philippine Politics
1954:
1657:
1572:
1542:
1482:
1455:
616:The subsequent and currently-enforced
44:Seal of the prime minister (1981–1986)
2883:
2555:
2361:
2281:
2181:Electoral Politics in the Philippines
1095:List of presidents of the Philippines
1088:
2827:Dutch East Indies (Governor-General)
2582:Leaders of Southeast Asian countries
2389:Head offices of state and government
2049:
1923:
1857:1935 Constitution of the Philippines
1845:1973 Constitution of the Philippines
1833:1973 Constitution of the Philippines
1821:1973 Constitution of the Philippines
1809:1973 Constitution of the Philippines
1797:1973 Constitution of the Philippines
1785:1973 Constitution of the Philippines
1755:1973 Constitution of the Philippines
1731:1973 Constitution of the Philippines
1719:1973 Constitution of the Philippines
1707:1973 Constitution of the Philippines
1645:
1467:
1341:1899 Constitution of the Philippines
1326:1973 Constitution of the Philippines
1313:
1275:Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898
627:
308:1899 Constitution of the Philippines
240:was the official designation of the
3794:Lists of prime ministers by country
2909:
1399:
361:with Spain giving up all rights to
262:martial law and the fourth republic
217:November 13, 1899 (first abolition)
13:
3789:Prime ministers of the Philippines
2309:Prime ministers of the Philippines
2029:
1904:Borthwick, Mark (April 20, 2018),
1683:"Philippines: Historical Overview"
1512:
365:and surrendering the Philippines,
345:On December 10, 1898, the ongoing
324:Presidente del Consejo de Gobierno
14:
3810:
1221:Vice President of the Philippines
280:vice president of the Philippines
238:prime minister of the Philippines
219:March 25, 1986 (second abolition)
24:Prime Minister of the Philippines
3482:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2154:Europa World Year Book 2, Book 2
2103:, International Publishers Co.,
2016:, Univ of North Carolina Press,
1026:
973:
917:
862:
806:
449:, the commanding officer of the
175:January 2, 1899 (first creation)
52:
38:
2030:Kalaw, Maximo Manguiat (1927),
1869:
1849:
1837:
1825:
1813:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1767:"The Amended 1973 Constitution"
1759:
1747:
1735:
1723:
1711:
1699:
1675:
1663:
1651:
1639:
1605:
1593:
1548:
1536:
1506:
1289:
1280:
1263:
699:Armed Forces of the Philippines
649:Constitution of the Philippines
266:Armed Forces of the Philippines
177:June 12, 1978 (second creation)
2157:, Taylor & Francis Group,
2124:Steinberg, David Joel (2000),
1992:University of Michigan Library
1961:, Greenwood Publishing Group,
1384:
1369:
1248:
1233:
1162:— 34 years, 163 days
1150:— 50 years, 200 days
1138:— 60 years, 274 days
771:
103:Head of government (abolished)
1:
2271:President of the Philippines
2151:Taylor & Francis (2004),
1302:
1156:— 41 years, 69 days
1144:— 57 years, 99 days
1115:Living former prime minister:
1109:
1005:(4 years, 212 days)
2256:President of the Philippines
2247:President of the Philippines
2097:Pomeroy, William J. (1992),
1307:
1259:Punong Ministro ng Pilipinas
1244:Primer Ministro de Filipinas
949:(3 years, 18 days)
592:
246:president of the Philippines
228:President of the Philippines
161:President of the Philippines
31:Punong Ministro ng Pilipinas
7:
3072:Congo (Democratic Republic)
2191:Tucker, Spencer C. (2009),
2083:, Ateneo University Press,
1209:
1099:
825:
797:
794:
788:
500:Second creation (1978–1986)
379:declaration of independence
10:
3815:
2842:Myanmar (State Counsellor)
2832:Indonesia (Prime Minister)
2261:Head of government of the
2235:Head of government of the
2077:Mojares, Resil B. (2006),
1982:Guevara, Sulpicio (1972),
1955:Celoza, Albert F. (1997),
1864:
1621:University of Pennsylvania
1092:
1081:
285:
3665:
2917:
2866:
2806:
2778:
2680:
2587:
2503:
2427:
2417:Non-Government recognized
2399:
2315:
2259:
2253:
2243:
2233:
2221:
2178:Teehankee, Julio (2006),
1855:Article VII, Section 10.
1729:Article XIII, Section 2.
1588:Taylor & Francis 2004
1017:Regular Batasang Pambansa
1015:
1010:
997:
992:
990:
979:
972:
969:
962:
959:Interim Batasang Pambansa
957:
952:
851:
846:
841:
785:
775:
675:Interim Batasang Pambansa
545:Interim Batasang Pambansa
529:constitutional referendum
270:First Philippine Republic
230:(1899–1978; 1986–present)
223:
213:
197:
181:
171:
147:
125:
115:
107:
99:
73:
49:
37:
28:
23:
3607:Turks and Caicos Islands
3057:Central African Republic
1910:, Taylor & Francis,
1843:Article IX, Section 16.
1831:Article IX, Section 15.
1819:Article IX, Section 14.
1807:Article IX, Section 11.
1795:Article IX, Section 10.
1717:Article VII, Section 2.
1324:Article IX, Section 12.
1226:
330:, appointed his advisor
2858:South Vietnam (leaders)
2642:Philippines (President)
2504:Historic (Royal titles)
1783:Article IX, Section 5.
1753:Article IX, Section 9.
1705:Article IX, Section 3.
1258:
1078:List of vice presidents
745:Kilusang Bagong Lipunan
735:List of prime ministers
587:People Power Revolution
568:Kilusang Bagong Lipunan
551:martial law is lifted.
406:Philippine–American War
258:People Power Revolution
3017:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2607:East Timor (President)
2050:Keat, Gin Ooi (2004),
1924:Case, William (2002),
1434:, p. Appendix G-1
1376:Hunt & Levine 2012
1339:Title IX, Article 73.
1243:
1197:(1899) — 131 days
1191:(1899) — 184 days
641:
554:On April 7, 1978, the
533:martial law since 1972
520:
431:
323:
315:
303:
242:head of the government
3492:São Tomé and Principe
3472:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2652:Singapore (President)
2612:Indonesia (President)
2412:Government recognized
2038:, Oriental commercial
1203:(1986) — 28 days
635:
507:
483:on March 23, 1901 at
474:Arthur MacArthur, Jr.
422:
298:
291:First creation (1899)
3627:United Arab Emirates
1875:Government documents
1271:Spanish-American War
611:Freedom Constitution
447:General Antonio Luna
394:United States Senate
256:from 1978 until the
95:(formal, diplomatic)
3597:Trinidad and Tobago
2947:Antigua and Barbuda
2682:Heads of government
2667:Vietnam (President)
2632:Myanmar (President)
2337:Ferdinand E. Marcos
2229:Spanish East Indies
671:Ferdinand E. Marcos
523:In 1976, President
443:Schurman Commission
436:Schurman Commission
386:Philippine Republic
316:Consejo de Gobierno
282:from 1986 to 1992.
2850:(Governor-General)
2657:Thailand (Monarch)
2627:Malaysia (Monarch)
2602:Cambodia (Monarch)
2435:Gobernador General
2347:Salvador H. Laurel
2342:Cesar E. A. Virata
1617:The Wharton School
1089:List of presidents
703:commander-in-chief
642:
521:
432:
304:
209:(second abolition)
152:Office established
141:advice and consent
68:of the Philippines
3776:
3775:
3132:Equatorial Guinea
2877:
2876:
2549:
2548:
2449:Military Governor
2355:
2354:
2320:Apolinario Mabini
2276:
2275:
2244:Succeeded by
2213:978-1-85109-951-1
2204:978-1-85109-951-1
2173:978-1-85743-255-8
2146:978-0-8133-3755-5
2119:978-0-7178-0692-8
2090:978-971-550-496-6
2072:978-1-57607-770-2
2023:978-0-8078-3528-9
1977:978-0-275-94137-6
1950:978-0-7007-1636-4
1917:978-0-429-97452-6
1189:Apolinario Mabini
1160:Apolinario Mabini
1075:
1074:
1051:February 25, 1986
1002:February 25, 1986
891:November 13, 1899
815:Apolinario Mabini
725:Batasang Pambansa
653:Apolinario Mabini
628:Powers and duties
618:1987 Constitution
605:and running mate
560:Batasang Pambansa
537:1973 Constitution
481:Frederick Funston
332:Apolinario Mabini
300:Apolinario Mabini
234:
233:
204:(first abolition)
193:(second creation)
186:Apolinario Mabini
136:Batasang Pambansa
3806:
3728:Nagorno-Karabakh
3432:Papua New Guinea
3067:Congo (Republic)
2904:
2897:
2890:
2881:
2880:
2853:(Prime Minister)
2622:Laos (President)
2597:Brunei (Monarch)
2576:
2569:
2562:
2553:
2552:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2359:
2358:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2254:Preceded by
2225:Governor-General
2222:Preceded by
2219:
2218:
2207:
2187:
2186:
2167:
2140:
2113:
2093:
2066:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2026:
1989:
1971:
1944:
1920:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1687:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1623:. Archived from
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1576:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1525:
1519:
1510:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1480:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1403:
1397:
1388:
1382:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1328:
1322:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1267:
1261:
1252:
1246:
1237:
1183:Ferdinand Marcos
1136:Ferdinand Marcos
1059:
1041:
1030:
1006:
988:
977:
964:Ferdinand Marcos
950:
932:
926:Ferdinand Marcos
921:
895:
877:
866:
853:Emilio Aguinaldo
848:Malolos Congress
839:
821:
810:
783:
773:
768:
767:
760:
751:
742:
579:Emilio Aguinaldo
525:Ferdinand Marcos
510:Ferdinand Marcos
485:Palanan, Isabela
424:Pedro A. Paterno
414:Pedro A. Paterno
375:Felipe Agoncillo
338:equivalent to a
328:Emilio Aguinaldo
260:in 1986. During
191:Ferdinand Marcos
188:(first creation)
56:
42:
33:
21:
20:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3661:
3532:Solomon Islands
3412:North Macedonia
3097:Northern Cyprus
2919:
2918:Prime ministers
2913:
2911:Prime ministers
2908:
2878:
2873:
2862:
2822:Burma (Monarch)
2811:
2802:
2780:Supreme leaders
2774:
2676:
2583:
2580:
2550:
2545:
2499:
2423:
2395:
2386:
2356:
2351:
2331:Jorge B. Vargas
2311:
2306:
2266:
2257:
2249:
2240:
2231:
2217:
2205:
2184:
2165:
2138:
2130:, Basic Books,
2111:
2091:
2064:
2041:
2039:
2024:
1969:
1942:
1918:
1897:Published works
1872:
1867:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1818:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1778:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1586:
1579:
1571:
1564:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1526:
1522:
1511:
1507:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1389:
1385:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1331:
1323:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1268:
1264:
1253:
1249:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1212:
1201:Salvador Laurel
1142:Salvador Laurel
1112:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1039:
1038:
1035:Salvador Laurel
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
986:
985:
948:
947:
945:
943:
930:
929:
894:(189 days)
893:
892:
890:
888:
875:
874:
838:(125 days)
837:
836:
834:
832:
831:January 2, 1899
819:
818:
781:
780:
766:
765:
758:
756:
749:
747:
740:
737:
630:
607:Salvador Laurel
595:
508:Prime Minister
502:
470:prisoner of war
451:Philippine Army
430:the next month.
293:
288:
276:Salvador Laurel
218:
207:Salvador Laurel
205:
189:
176:
159:
138:
134:
132:
94:
90:
88:
84:
82:
69:
63:
60:Salvador Laurel
57:
45:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3812:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3657:Western Sahara
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3632:United Kingdom
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3102:Czech Republic
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2907:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2884:
2875:
2874:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2844:
2839:
2837:Laos (Monarch)
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2809:heads of state
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2762:
2752:
2747:
2737:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2707:
2702:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2664:
2654:
2649:
2639:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2589:Heads of state
2585:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2556:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2488:of Maguindanao
2480:
2479:
2478:
2467:Prime Minister
2464:
2453:Civil Governor
2446:
2443:United Kingdom
2431:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2362:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2242:
2232:
2223:
2216:
2215:
2203:
2188:
2175:
2163:
2148:
2136:
2121:
2109:
2094:
2089:
2074:
2062:
2047:
2027:
2022:
2007:
1979:
1967:
1952:
1940:
1921:
1916:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1848:
1836:
1824:
1812:
1800:
1788:
1776:
1758:
1746:
1734:
1722:
1710:
1698:
1674:
1670:Steinberg 2000
1662:
1650:
1638:
1627:on May 2, 2011
1604:
1600:Teehankee 2006
1592:
1590:, p. 3408
1577:
1562:
1547:
1535:
1520:
1505:
1487:
1472:
1460:
1448:
1436:
1424:
1398:
1391:Borthwick 2018
1383:
1368:
1356:
1344:
1329:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1269:Following the
1262:
1247:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1093:Main article:
1090:
1087:
1082:Main article:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:Corazon Aquino
1060:
1058:(28 days)
1055:March 25, 1986
1049:
1044:
1042:
1031:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1007:
996:
991:
989:
978:
971:
967:
966:
961:
956:
951:
940:
935:
933:
922:
915:
911:
910:
904:
903:
897:
896:
885:
880:
878:
867:
860:
856:
855:
850:
845:
840:
829:
824:
822:
811:
804:
800:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
777:
774:
757:
748:
739:
738:
736:
733:
716:
715:
712:
709:
706:
695:
692:
689:
667:administration
629:
626:
603:Vice President
601:appointed her
599:Corazon Aquino
594:
591:
556:first election
541:Prime Minister
501:
498:
494:Third Republic
340:prime minister
292:
289:
287:
284:
232:
231:
225:
221:
220:
215:
211:
210:
199:
195:
194:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
149:
145:
144:
139:with members'
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
92:His Excellency
86:The Honourable
80:Prime Minister
77:
71:
70:
66:prime minister
51:
50:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3811:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:Defunct title
3664:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3542:South Ossetia
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3197:Guinea-Bissau
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3147:Faroe Islands
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
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2916:
2912:
2905:
2900:
2898:
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2711:
2708:
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2685:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2655:
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2647:
2643:
2640:
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2633:
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2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
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2592:
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2577:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2541:
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2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2457:United States
2454:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2371:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2325:Pedro Paterno
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2252:
2248:
2239:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2164:1-85743-255-X
2160:
2156:
2155:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2137:0-8133-3755-0
2133:
2129:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2110:0-7178-0692-8
2106:
2102:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2063:1-57607-770-5
2059:
2055:
2054:
2048:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2004:United States
2001:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1968:0-275-94137-X
1964:
1960:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1941:0-7007-1636-X
1937:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:, p. 263
1743:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1684:
1678:
1672:, p. 153
1671:
1666:
1659:
1654:
1648:, p. 217
1647:
1642:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1602:, p. 160
1601:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1545:, p. 346
1544:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1485:, p. 466
1484:
1479:
1477:
1470:, p. 804
1469:
1464:
1458:, p. 352
1457:
1452:
1446:, p. 236
1445:
1440:
1433:
1428:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1327:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1292:
1283:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1195:Pedro Paterno
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1154:Pedro Paterno
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1096:
1085:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1009:
998:July 28, 1981
995:
984:
983:
976:
968:
965:
960:
955:
946:June 30, 1981
942:June 12, 1978
941:
939:
936:
934:
928:
927:
923:
920:
916:
913:
912:
909:
905:
902:
898:
886:
884:
881:
879:
873:
872:
871:Pedro Paterno
868:
865:
861:
858:
857:
854:
849:
844:
830:
828:
823:
817:
816:
812:
809:
805:
802:
801:
791:
770:
769:
764:
755:
746:
732:
728:
726:
720:
713:
710:
707:
704:
700:
696:
693:
690:
687:
686:
685:
682:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
661:
656:
654:
650:
647:
639:
634:
625:
623:
622:head of state
619:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
518:
517:Imelda Marcos
515:
511:
506:
497:
495:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
429:
425:
421:
417:
415:
410:
407:
403:
397:
395:
391:
387:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:United States
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
301:
297:
283:
281:
277:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
250:head of state
247:
244:(whereas the
243:
239:
229:
226:
222:
216:
212:
208:
203:
202:Pedro Paterno
200:
196:
192:
187:
184:
180:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
153:
150:
146:
142:
137:
131:
130:The President
128:
124:
121:
120:The President
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
93:
87:
81:
78:
76:
72:
67:
62:
61:
55:
48:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3758:Turkmenistan
3748:South Africa
3737:
3517:Sint Maarten
3497:Saudi Arabia
3077:Cook Islands
3027:Burkina Faso
2868:
2852:
2466:
2329:
2308:
2270:
2260:
2234:
2197:, ABC-CLIO,
2193:
2180:
2153:
2126:
2099:
2079:
2056:, ABC-CLIO,
2052:
2040:, retrieved
2035:
2012:
1984:
1957:
1926:
1906:
1896:
1895:
1874:
1873:
1870:Bibliography
1856:
1851:
1844:
1839:
1832:
1827:
1820:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1796:
1791:
1784:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1754:
1749:
1742:Pomeroy 1992
1737:
1730:
1725:
1718:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1689:. Retrieved
1677:
1665:
1660:, p. 75
1653:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1625:the original
1607:
1595:
1575:, p. 60
1555:Mojares 2006
1550:
1538:
1528:Mojares 2006
1523:
1508:
1498:Mojares 2006
1463:
1451:
1444:Guevara 1972
1439:
1432:Guevara 1972
1427:
1415:. Retrieved
1401:
1386:
1371:
1366:, p. 82
1364:Guevara 1972
1359:
1354:, p. 81
1352:Guevara 1972
1347:
1340:
1325:
1291:
1282:
1265:
1250:
1235:
1177:Cesar Virata
1148:Cesar Virata
1121:Cesar Virata
1069:
1033:
982:Cesar Virata
980:
924:
907:
900:
869:
813:
795:Legislature
729:
721:
717:
683:
679:
663:Constitution
657:
643:
615:
596:
575:Cesar Virata
572:
553:
548:
540:
522:
489:Commonwealth
478:
463:
440:
433:
411:
398:
344:
305:
274:
237:
235:
198:Final holder
182:First holder
151:
58:
30:
18:
3738:Philippines
3477:Saint Lucia
3402:New Zealand
3397:Netherlands
3272:South Korea
3267:North Korea
2932:Afghanistan
2847:Philippines
2740:Philippines
2393:Philippines
2263:Philippines
2237:Philippines
2006:since 2005.
1658:Celoza 1997
1573:Celoza 1997
1543:Tucker 2009
1515:, pp.
1483:Tucker 2009
1456:Tucker 2009
1040:(1928–2004)
987:(born 1930)
931:(1917–1989)
887:May 8, 1899
883:Independent
876:(1857–1911)
835:May 7, 1899
827:Independent
820:(1864–1903)
763:Independent
638:Philippines
636:Map of the
459:Nueva Ecija
445:infuriated
371:Puerto Rico
254:Philippines
143:(1978-1986)
3783:Categories
3743:Seychelles
3637:Uzbekistan
3577:Tajikistan
3377:Mozambique
3367:Montenegro
3347:Mauritania
3327:Madagascar
3322:Luxembourg
3287:Kyrgyzstan
3262:Kazakhstan
3122:East Timor
3052:Cape Verde
2982:Bangladesh
2967:Azerbaijan
2920:by country
2814:government
2705:East Timor
2267:1978–1986
1557:, p.
1530:, p.
1513:Kalaw 1927
1500:, p.
1393:, p.
1378:, p.
1303:References
1110:Statistics
798:President
782:(Lifespan)
583:World Bank
514:First Lady
402:first shot
224:Succession
83:(informal)
3703:Indonesia
3562:Swaziland
3552:Sri Lanka
3512:Singapore
3427:Palestine
3352:Mauritius
3317:Lithuania
3182:Greenland
2962:Australia
2750:Singapore
2710:Indonesia
2539:Lakambini
2472:Aguinaldo
2407:President
2042:April 15,
1996:Ann Arbor
1932:Routledge
1646:Case 2002
1631:April 14,
1468:Keat 2004
1417:April 14,
1308:Citations
792:Election
776:Portrait
701:as their
697:Head the
593:Abolition
455:manifesto
383:insurgent
359:concluded
252:) of the
214:Abolished
172:Formation
148:Precursor
126:Appointer
116:Nominator
108:Member of
3768:Zimbabwe
3723:Maldives
3587:Thailand
3582:Tanzania
3527:Slovenia
3522:Slovakia
3447:Portugal
3422:Pakistan
3362:Mongolia
3332:Malaysia
3142:Ethiopia
3117:Dominica
3112:Djibouti
3042:Cameroon
3037:Cambodia
3022:Bulgaria
2987:Barbados
2927:Abkhazia
2807:Defunct
2755:Thailand
2725:Malaysia
2695:Cambodia
2542:Binibini
2526:Senapati
2000:Michigan
1255:Filipino
1210:See also
1100:Timeline
564:Congress
558:for the
519:in 1979.
349:between
336:de facto
248:was the
156:pre-1899
89:(formal)
3733:Nigeria
3688:Comoros
3647:Vietnam
3642:Vanuatu
3622:Ukraine
3602:Tunisia
3537:Somalia
3502:Senegal
3457:Romania
3387:Namibia
3382:Myanmar
3372:Morocco
3357:Moldova
3307:Lesotho
3302:Lebanon
3247:Jamaica
3232:Ireland
3217:Iceland
3212:Hungary
3187:Grenada
3172:Georgia
3157:Finland
3137:Estonia
3107:Denmark
3092:Curaçao
3082:Croatia
3032:Burundi
3007:Bermuda
2997:Belgium
2992:Belarus
2977:Bahrain
2972:Bahamas
2952:Armenia
2942:Algeria
2937:Albania
2798:Vietnam
2793:Myanmar
2765:Vietnam
2730:Myanmar
2493:of Sulu
2428:Defunct
2400:Current
2391:of the
2227:of the
1691:June 5,
1517:199–200
1240:Spanish
466:Benguet
404:of the
390:Malolos
320:Spanish
312:Spanish
286:History
111:Cabinet
3763:Zambia
3753:Turkey
3718:Malawi
3693:Gambia
3683:Brazil
3673:Angola
3617:Uganda
3612:Tuvalu
3567:Sweden
3507:Serbia
3467:Rwanda
3462:Russia
3442:Poland
3417:Norway
3297:Latvia
3282:Kuwait
3277:Kosovo
3257:Jordan
3237:Israel
3202:Guyana
3192:Guinea
3177:Greece
3162:France
3047:Canada
3012:Bhutan
3002:Belize
2690:Brunei
2536:Dayang
2516:Rajahs
2483:Sultan
2476:Marcos
2211:
2201:
2171:
2161:
2144:
2134:
2117:
2107:
2087:
2070:
2060:
2020:
1975:
1965:
1948:
1938:
1914:
1413:. 2009
786:Party
761:
759:
752:
750:
743:
741:
133:(1899)
100:Status
3713:Kenya
3698:Ghana
3678:Benin
3652:Yemen
3592:Tonga
3572:Syria
3557:Sudan
3547:Spain
3487:Samoa
3452:Qatar
3392:Nepal
3342:Malta
3312:Libya
3252:Japan
3242:Italy
3222:India
3207:Haiti
3167:Gabon
3127:Egypt
2957:Aruba
2870:ASEAN
2530:Huang
2521:Lakan
2511:Datus
2461:Japan
2439:Spain
2241:1899
2185:(PDF)
1865:Notes
1686:(PDF)
1227:Notes
1047:UNIDO
789:Term
549:until
355:Spain
75:Style
64:Last
3708:Iran
3437:Peru
3407:Niue
3337:Mali
3292:Laos
3227:Iraq
3152:Fiji
3087:Cuba
3062:Chad
2812:and
2788:Laos
2769:list
2759:list
2744:list
2734:list
2720:Laos
2714:list
2699:list
2671:list
2661:list
2646:list
2636:list
2616:list
2459:and
2441:and
2209:ISBN
2199:ISBN
2169:ISBN
2159:ISBN
2142:ISBN
2132:ISBN
2115:ISBN
2105:ISBN
2085:ISBN
2068:ISBN
2058:ISBN
2044:2011
2018:ISBN
1973:ISBN
1963:ISBN
1946:ISBN
1936:ISBN
1912:ISBN
1693:2012
1633:2011
1419:2011
1411:Yale
1012:1984
954:1978
843:1898
779:Name
660:1973
658:The
646:1899
512:and
369:and
367:Guam
363:Cuba
357:was
353:and
306:The
236:The
165:1978
2533:Apo
1395:198
994:KBL
938:KBL
772:No.
669:of
613:".
347:war
3785::
2474:/
2451:/
2034:,
2002:,
1998:,
1994:,
1934:,
1930:,
1769:.
1619:,
1615:.
1580:^
1565:^
1559:31
1532:26
1502:25
1490:^
1475:^
1409:.
1380:47
1332:^
1315:^
1257::
1242::
1023:5
970:4
914:3
859:2
803:1
624:.
496:.
342:.
322::
314::
272:.
2903:e
2896:t
2889:v
2771:)
2767:(
2761:)
2757:(
2746:)
2742:(
2736:)
2732:(
2716:)
2712:(
2701:)
2697:(
2673:)
2669:(
2663:)
2659:(
2648:)
2644:(
2638:)
2634:(
2618:)
2614:(
2575:e
2568:t
2561:v
2463:)
2455:(
2445:)
2437:(
2381:e
2374:t
2367:v
2301:e
2294:t
2287:v
1695:.
1635:.
1421:.
1053:–
1000:–
944:–
889:–
833:–
705:;
167:)
163:(
158:)
154:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
