40:
586:" of the 18th and 19th centuries. Britain considered following the continental example. A parliamentary select committee was set up in 1821 to inquire into decimalisation, but ended up recommending retaining the £sd system. However, pressure groups were formed inside Britain advocating the adoption of decimalisation of the currency, and Parliament returned to the matter in the 1850s. Various decimalisation schemes were considered – the Pound-and-Mil scheme, the Farthing scheme, the Half-penny scheme, the Alb scheme, etc. – but all were determined to have deficiencies, and transition would be too difficult and expensive. The £sd system would be maintained in Britain until 1971.
1123:
815:
2605:
60:
899:
3899:
575:
1261:
1737:
843:
2107:, although the guinea coin had not been struck since 1799. A guinea was 21 shillings (£1.05 in decimal currency). Professionals such as lawyers and physicians, art dealers, and some others stated their fees in guineas rather than pounds, while, for example, salaries were stated in pounds per annum. Historically, at some auctions, the purchaser would bid and pay in guineas but the seller would receive the same number of pounds; the commission was the same number of shillings.
3707:
955:
927:
68:
3923:
1701:
1179:
3635:
1235:
3911:
302:
1313:
1151:
1067:
2619:
1207:
1039:
2137:
983:
1287:
1011:
871:
1095:
518:
3295:
2111:, the main auctioneer of racehorses in the United Kingdom and Ireland, continues this tradition of conducting auctions in guineas at its UK sales (in Ireland, auctions are conducted in euros). The vendor's commission is 5%. The word "guineas" is still found in the names of some British horse races, even though their prize funds are now fixed in pounds – such as the
298:. Later Roman Emperors undertook multiple coinage reforms, redefining weights and coins' relative values and introducing new coins and new accounting systems for them. Since most reforms were not even completed before the next one began, the late Roman Empire had a veritable mess of multiple overlapping systems of weights and currencies.
589:
As countries of the
British Empire became independent, some abandoned the £sd system quickly, while others retained it almost as long as the UK itself. The United States of America was among the first to drop the £sd system and adopt a decimal currency in 1792, 10 years after independence from the
503:
Although the £sd system remained intact in ledger accounting, the variety of new coins of various multiples and qualities led to common expression of quantities in terms of number of coins (guineas, crowns, farthings, etc.) But they would all have to be converted into formal £sd units in accounts.
1688:
United
Kingdom pre-decimal banknotes are no longer legal tender, but are exchangeable for their face value (regardless of the possible greater worth if sold or auctioned) if they are taken directly (or posted) to the Bank of England. The last £sd coins to cease being legal tender in the UK after
172:(worth 21 shillings) was used. When dealing with items in dozens, multiplication and division are straightforward; for example, if a dozen eggs cost four shillings, then each egg was priced at fourpence. Basic addition, however, could be more difficult than using a decimal system.
2593:(one dart in each of the top three spaces) was sometimes called "half-a-crown" as late as the 1990s, though this did start to confuse the younger players. 26 is also referred to as "Breakfast", since 2/6 or half a crown was the standard cost for breakfast pre-decimalisation.
202:
of the 18th and 19th centuries. The United
Kingdom remained one of the few countries retaining it into the 20th century, resulting in the system becoming particularly associated with Britain. For much of the 20th century, £sd remained the monetary system of most of the
147:
Under this system, there were 12 pence in a shilling and 20 shillings, or 240 pence, in a pound. Although the standard ledger accounting system recorded only pounds, shillings and pence, actual minted coins could represent one, several or fractions of these units. The
1675:
a decade prior to decimalisation. In 1971, a new penny would have been worth 9.6 farthings (making a farthing slightly more than 0.1 new pence). Similarly, the old halfpenny and the half-crown were not converted in the UK either, having been withdrawn previously.
3317:
1689:
Decimal Day were the sixpence (withdrawn 1980), the shilling (withdrawn 1991) and the florin (withdrawn 1993). Commemorative crowns minted post decimalisation (worth either 25p or £5) are still legal tender, but are rarely, if ever, spent.
1684:
In the UK, larger denomination notes (£5, £10, £20, £50, £100, £200, £500, and £1,000) printed from the 18th century to 1943 were called "white notes" because they were printed on lightweight white paper (on one side only) in black ink.
1754:£2/3/6 (two pounds, three shillings and sixpence), spoken, unless there was cause to be punctilious, "two pound(s), three and six". Whether "pound" or "pounds" was used depended upon the speaker, varying with class, region and context.
2095:
A convention frequently used in retail pricing was to list prices over one pound all in shillings, rather than in pounds and shillings; for example, £4-18-0 would be written as 98/– (£4.90 in decimal currency). This is still seen in
316:
cut through the mess by creating a new uniform system. He defined the "libra" as a new measure of weight equivalent to around 408 grams (substantially larger than the old Roman pound of 328.9g), and ordered 240 silver units known as
2508:
UK: First printed in 1914 by the
Treasury during World War I to conserve silver. These early Treasury notes (especially the 1st and 2nd Series from 1914 to 1917) were nicknamed "Bradburys", from the prominent stylised signature of
476:
During the early Middle Ages, only the denarius was issued as an actual coin; the libra and solidus were merely units of account. But over time, the silver resources were gradually exhausted and the coins became repeatedly
2309:
UK: When the new threepence coin replaced the fourpence coin in circulation in 1845, it took over its nickname. The coin was silver or silver alloy from 1845 to 1937 and a 12-sided bronze coin from 1937 to 1971.
2271:
UK: Originally made from copper and made a ringing noise when dropped. The game of "penny pitching" (bouncing pennies against a wall to see how far they would rebound on to the pavement) was called "mag flying".
594:
for length and weight. Australia, on the other hand, only changed to using a decimal currency on 14 February 1966, 65 years after independence. New
Zealand followed suit on 10 July 1967. Still others, notably
2567:
books is a parody of the £sd system, with 29 knuts to a sickle and 17 sickles to a galleon. It serves as the currency of the
Wizarding World, while pounds are still used by Muggles, the non-magical people.
724:
A new base unit (often called the "dollar") was created equal to ten shillings (half a pound), and subdivided into 100 fractional units, with one fractional unit (usually called the "cent") equal to
481:
by mediaeval monarchs, prompting the minting of larger coins from the 13th century. It also led to specification of currencies by mint of origin in contracts and accounting (e.g. a
773:
in 1970, as the pound was fixed at US$ 2.40 i.e. US$ 1 = 100d., this made the new
Bermudian dollar equal to exactly 100 old pence, with the new cent equal to one old penny.
1882:
2/6 (two shillings and six pence, usually said as "two and six" or a "half-crown"; the value could also be spoken as "half a crown", but the coin was always a half-crown)
2985:
3137:
The
Attorney and Agents new Table of Costs in the Courts of Kings Bench and Common Pleas, Fifth edition enlarged: to which is added a table of all the stamp duties
3079:
3341:
1708:
Computers and calculators sold pre-decimalisation – mostly in the 1960s – occasionally came with special support for the £sd system in the form of a
3172:
372:
Church (which used the
Carolingian coinage system). But it was not the sole system in Britain – the £sd system would have to compete for a while with the
3273:
3583:
2948:
2899:
1582:
The following coins were not in common circulation in the UK at the time of decimalisation, though the ten shilling note and the pound note were.
2869:
1692:
The last £sd banknote to cease to be legal tender anywhere was the Isle of Man ten shilling note, which ceased to be legal tender there in 2013.
643:
with a system of 1 franc = 10 decimes = 100 centimes. Decimalisation was carried by French armies to neighboring
European countries during the
2846:
3435:
3141:
2727:
2583:
17:
3010:
1704:
1401 Console and, below, the Auxiliary Console. The grey knob nearest the centre of the Auxiliary Console mentions "PENCE" and "SHILL".
63:
Old till in Ireland, with "shortcut" keys in various £sd denominations (lower numbers) and their "new pence" equivalent (upper numbers)
780:, which created a new base unit equal to 100 old pence (not equal to the U.S. dollar), with a fractional unit equal to one old penny,
3997:
2922:
3397:
3205:
395:
Charlemagne's new monetary system prevailed across much of Western Europe including France (where the units were known as the
3576:
3523:
3073:
2782:
2574:
was sometimes called "pounds, shillings and pence" during the 1960s, because of the abbreviation LSD. The English rock group
2338:
1372:
689:
The pound remained the base unit (in Malta, using the Maltese name "lira"), but was subdivided into new fractional units of
4007:
3910:
2055:
157:
2979:
1995:
Historically an amount paid for settlement of legal disputes, but currently still the wager on the winner of a horse race.
3112:
2541:
UK: "Thick 'un" because it was thicker than a shilling. Australia: Fiddly-did was derived from word association (fiddly
2514:
39:
3303:
3063:
3482:
2201:
635:
worth one-twentieth of a pound. In Europe, decimalisation of currency (as well as other weights and measures) began in
94:
3337:
3466:
3429:
3237:
3164:
2721:
2694:
2664:
There is uncertainty about the value of the original Carolingian pound. Estimates as high as 489.6 grams can be seen.
2510:
2220:
2173:
1750:
There were several ways to represent amounts of money in writing and speech, with no formal convention; for example:
561:
492:
To facilitate larger transactions, gold coins began to be minted in western Europe around the same time. The French "
543:
457:'a pound weight'. On the Iberian peninsula, the Kingdom of Aragon adopted the Carolingian monetary system (Catalan:
329:
containing 22.5 grains of silver. To help accounting, Charlemagne also decreed that the pound was divisible into 20
3569:
2495:
1415:
149:
627:, in which the pound was replaced with a new major currency called either the "dollar" or the "rand". The British
3543:
179:, their definitions and the ratios between them were introduced and imposed across Western Europe by the Emperor
3323:
2180:
636:
3600:
3515:
Albion Dreaming: A popular history of LSD in Britain (Revised Edition with a new foreword by Dr. Sue Blackmore)
3043:
2158:
528:
160:("HAYp'ny", /ˈheɪpni/) in circulation. The perceived advantage of such a system was its use in some aspects of
156:
until 31 December 1960, when they ceased to be legal tender in the UK, and until 31 July 1969 there was also a
784:, which adopted a new base unit equal to seven shillings, with a fractional unit equal to 0.84 old pence, and
3824:
1717:
1624:
639:
with the law of 1795 ("Loi du 18 germinal an III", 7 April 1795), replacing the £sd accounting system of the
591:
2765:
3265:
2415:
1876:
1536:
612:
198:
The £sd system was the standard across much of the European continent for over a thousand years, until the
2956:
2187:
469:), but those of Portugal and Castile (and subsequently Spain) retained the currency system inherited from
2895:
2632:
338:
269:
1716:
is one such machine; on Sterling models with £sd support, it had a switch for selecting between IBM and
788:, which created a new base unit equal to four shillings, with a fractional unit equal to 0.48 old pence.
2097:
858:
2873:
2447:
2277:
2169:
1552:
1449:
632:
628:
1765:, which is also one name for the sign itself; the '–' is used in place of '0', meaning "zero pence".
2459:
An equivalent coin was not issued in the 1971 decimal currency range since there was no need for a
2379:
2257:
1640:
497:
384:
regions. Although £sd ultimately prevailed in Britain, the "mark of account" system lingered on in
168:
and hence fractions of a pound such as tenths, eighths, sixths and even sevenths and ninths if the
3972:
3034:
3018:
2952:
2388:
2346:
2330:", from the mediaeval four-penny silver coin of the same name. "Joey" was from the first name of
2253:
2147:
2059:
1658:
1520:
1491:
539:
3363:
2842:
2154:
3857:
3655:
3419:
1709:
3645:
3135:
2711:
1346:
The following table shows the conversion of common denominations of coins of the £sd systems.
615:. This was a change from the system used in the earlier wave of decimalisations in Australia,
3799:
3513:
3459:
Slang: The Authoritative Topic-By-Topic Dictionary of American Lingoes from All Walks of Life
2804:
2298:
2104:
2016:
169:
153:
3675:
4002:
3712:
2926:
2478:
2120:
2116:
2112:
1985:
1757:
1/– (one shilling), colloquially "a bob"; the slash sign derives from the older style of a
1608:
998:
847:
758:
582:
The £sd system continued in much of Western Europe for nearly a thousand years, until the "
241:
204:
44:
8:
3389:
1234:
987:
830:
596:
496:", introduced in 1360, was the first coin anywhere to represent exactly £1 and the gold "
48:
3623:
2799:
3882:
3650:
2529:
Both coins and notes: quid, nicker. Coins: "sov", "thick 'un". Notes: bar, sheet, note.
959:
819:
448:
357:
161:
3194:
2194:
3832:
3809:
3794:
3789:
3737:
3613:
3519:
3462:
3425:
3069:
3039:
2778:
2717:
2690:
2575:
2302:
970:
903:
322:
52:
3898:
2930:
1740:
Notice board displaying the entry prices for the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, London,
1015:
578:
Conversion of some British pre-decimalisation currencies, and the decimal equivalent
3784:
3747:
2949:"solidus: definition of solidus in Oxford dictionary (British & World English)"
2774:
2025:
1952:
1920:
1888:
1828:
1799:
1155:
1127:
914:
659:
647:. By the mid-19th century, most of continental Europe had decimalised, leaving the
389:
365:
640:
535:
3916:
3877:
3628:
3592:
2586:
called the first field trial with LSD as a chemical weapon "Moneybags" as a pun.
2579:
2362:
1211:
1166:
1138:
1071:
931:
644:
377:
279:
208:
59:
2296:: trey (also spelt tray), or a trey bit, from the French "trois" meaning three.
55:
illustrates the conversion between pence and shillings and shillings and pounds.
3948:
3887:
3872:
3852:
3742:
3727:
3700:
3608:
2522:
2103:
Sometimes, prices of luxury goods and furniture were expressed by merchants in
2022:£14/8/2 (fourteen pounds, eight shillings and twopence – pronounced "tuppence"
1762:
1328:
1317:
1265:
1260:
1222:
1183:
1082:
1043:
942:
886:
718:
685:
In places where £sd was used, there were several approaches to decimalisation:
671:
655:
648:
608:
600:
583:
369:
361:
360:
and also infiltrated countries on its periphery. In the late 8th century, King
257:
232:
220:
199:
184:
120:
115:
104:
98:
3230:
3104:
574:
3991:
3842:
3690:
3618:
2610:
2335:
1992:
1736:
1194:
1099:
1054:
875:
227:
3490:
356:
The new coinage and accounting system was imposed uniformly across the vast
3867:
3837:
3814:
3722:
3706:
3680:
2644:
2624:
2563:
2536:
2327:
1672:
1291:
1110:
1026:
842:
814:
735:
624:
275:
253:
212:
176:
699:
of a pound. The new fractional unit (called the "new penny" in the UK and
3772:
3665:
3640:
2638:
2331:
2108:
2051:– in columns of figures. Commonly read "fourteen pound(s) eight and two")
1700:
1239:
954:
926:
766:
743:
679:
675:
654:
All countries and territories that formerly used the £sd system have now
616:
604:
313:
180:
485:, of the Paris mint, contained more actual silver than the very debased
249:
3938:
3892:
3777:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3732:
3695:
2647: – Representation of the time of day using decimally related units
2161: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1178:
785:
478:
470:
295:
71:
707:) was worth 2.4 old pence. Malta also created a fractional unit worth
364:
imported the system into Britain to facilitate transactions (notably "
301:
67:
3933:
3928:
3670:
3660:
2716:. London, New York and Bombay: Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 234.
2293:
898:
739:
385:
3634:
2136:
1885:
4/3 ("four and threepence", the latter word pronounced "thruppence"
546:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
93:
once common throughout Europe. The abbreviation originates from the
3922:
3904:
3804:
3717:
3561:
1721:
1713:
1122:
757:
A new base unit called the "dollar" was created at parity with the
620:
306:
291:
126:
110:
90:
3105:"DiCamillo British Money Guide including Amazing Historical Facts"
2015:(one pound, nineteen shillings and elevenpence three farthings: a
651:
as the only major country to continue to maintain the £sd system.
175:
Although the names originated from popular coins in the classical
3956:
3847:
3685:
2934:
2062:(quarter of a penny) were represented by the appropriate symbol (
1312:
1150:
1066:
781:
770:
747:
734:
of a shilling or 1.2 old pence. This was the approach adopted in
700:
667:
381:
216:
165:
1998:£1/10/– (one pound, ten shillings; one pound ten, "thirty bob")
1758:
1206:
1038:
762:
373:
237:
2040:
1970:
1938:
1906:
1843:
1720:
data layouts of £sd on its auxiliary console (see image). The
658:
their currency, with most decimalisations occurring after the
3518:. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. p. 52.
3338:"How Quids, Bobs, Florins, Tanners and Joeys Got Their Names"
2590:
2405:
2402:
UK: "Thin 'un" because it was thinner than a sovereign coin.
1286:
1010:
982:
870:
777:
704:
663:
493:
245:
132:
2800:"Money and Coinage in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe"
2578:
released a 1966 single titled "£.s.d." that highlighted the
1958:
1926:
1894:
776:
Some countries have adopted alternative approaches, such as
3862:
3322:. Chronicle Stationery and Book Store. 1945. Archived from
2369:, meaning "small", because it was smaller than a shilling.
1932:
1865:
3d (three pence), with reference to the above, this became
1837:
1817:
1808:
1725:
1094:
751:
1964:
3005:
3003:
2941:
2571:
2034:
1900:
1731:
31:
721:", worth slightly less than a farthing (0.24 old pence).
603:
only when the UK did. The UK abandoned the old penny on
500:", first minted in 1489, was the first English £1 coin.
278:
originally used a decimal currency system based on the "
2428:
UK: Perhaps an early attempt at decimalisation, being
2404:
Australia: "deener" is likely to have derived from the
1784:
d (a penny halfpenny, three halfpence). As spoken, the
294:
was the common circulation coin, but accounting was in
3000:
1872:
6d (six pence) known as a "tanner" or half a shilling.
590:
British Empire, but retains many other aspects of the
3162:
2685:
Sutherland, Carol Humphrey Vivian (6 December 1973).
2043:
1973:
1941:
1909:
1846:
1814:
2600:
2037:
2031:
1967:
1961:
1935:
1929:
1903:
1897:
1840:
1811:
2561:The currency of knuts, sickles and galleons in the
2028:
1955:
1923:
1891:
1834:
1831:
1805:
1802:
1796:was always silent; they were pronounced "hayp'ny"
1679:
2713:The history of England ... to the Norman conquest
2450:or half crown (value: two shillings and sixpence)
2260:(value: quarter penny and half a penny)
1599:
1363:
3989:
2981:The concise Oxford dictionary of current English
2870:"Exchanging withdrawn Bank of England banknotes"
219:being the last to abandon it in the form of the
74:, which teaches children the value of a shilling
2840:
2535:"Quid" may have originated in the Latin phrase
1671:penny, was never converted, as it ceased to be
230:were used elsewhere; e.g., the division of the
2481:or five-shilling piece (value: five shillings)
3577:
1869:, commonly referred to as a "threepenny bit".
3511:
3065:The Routledge Dictionary of Historical Slang
2635: – British current and historic coinage
2092:for three farthings) after the whole pence.
3505:
3260:
3258:
3133:
2867:
2584:Chemical Defence Experimental Establishment
452:
392:influence through much of the Middle Ages.
89:", is the popular name for the pre-decimal
3584:
3570:
3195:"Tattersalls February Sale 2019 Catalogue"
3163:Christine Evans-Pughe (12 December 2011).
2748:
2684:
678:were among the last to be decimalised, on
3061:
2221:Learn how and when to remove this message
562:Learn how and when to remove this message
3255:
2920:
2763:
1735:
1699:
666:decimalised its currency in 1972, while
573:
300:
187:adopted the Frankish silver standard of
66:
58:
38:
3456:
3031:
2709:
2641: – Currency of Ireland before 2002
226:Historically, similar systems based on
14:
3990:
2977:
2422:Two bob, two-shilling bit, two-bob bit
1949:, "throopence" with -oo- as in "foot"
1732:Writing conventions and pronunciations
312:Around the 780s, the Frankish emperor
195:into Britain in the late 8th century.
3565:
3243:from the original on 15 December 2018
3175:from the original on 3 September 2018
3099:
3097:
3057:
3055:
2861:
2556:
380:" accounting system, introduced into
3591:
3438:from the original on 15 January 2023
3144:from the original on 15 January 2023
3115:from the original on 15 January 2023
3082:from the original on 15 January 2023
3062:Partridge, Eric (2 September 2003).
2988:from the original on 15 January 2023
2896:"Withdrawal of Manx Plastic £1 note"
2849:from the original on 15 January 2019
2767:Money and Coinage in the Middle Ages
2730:from the original on 15 January 2023
2159:adding citations to reliable sources
2130:
2098:shilling categories of Scottish beer
511:
3344:from the original on 6 January 2023
3319:Southern Rhodesia, Past and Present
3276:from the original on 24 August 2017
3270:The Australian Coin Collecting Blog
3204:. Tattersalls Limited. p. 14.
3165:"Faraday – a man of contradictions"
2515:Permanent Secretary to the Treasury
2361:UK: "Tanner" was derived from the
2341:who championed its reintroduction.
2126:
769:in the 19th and 20th centuries. In
24:
3512:Andy Roberts (30 September 2008).
3094:
3052:
765:in 1858 and in many places in the
215:, until the 1960s and 1970s, with
25:
4019:
3536:
3400:from the original on 27 July 2020
3202:Conditions of Sale, Paragraph 3.2
2933:on 17 September 2021 – via
2797:
2315:Fourpenny bit (value: four pence)
1854:– hence the occasional spellings
670:decimalised in 1973. The British
507:
3998:Currencies of the United Kingdom
3921:
3909:
3897:
3705:
3633:
2902:from the original on 2 July 2018
2617:
2603:
2135:
2024:
1951:
1919:
1887:
1827:
1798:
1311:
1285:
1259:
1233:
1205:
1177:
1149:
1121:
1093:
1065:
1037:
1009:
981:
953:
925:
897:
869:
841:
813:
516:
3475:
3450:
3412:
3382:
3356:
3330:
3310:
3296:"Hear the Tickey Bottle Tinkle"
3288:
3231:"Guide to Sales (2018 Edition)"
3223:
3211:from the original on 2 May 2019
3187:
3156:
3127:
3032:Schwarz, C. M. (1993). "half".
3025:
2978:Fowler, Francis George (1917).
2971:
2921:@ianpolpo (17 September 2021).
2914:
2888:
2146:needs additional citations for
1728:language also had £sd support.
1680:Pre-decimal coins and banknotes
451:adaptation of the Latin phrase
3364:"£1 1st Series Treasury Issue"
2834:
2819:
2791:
2757:
2742:
2703:
2689:. B. T. Batsford. p. 10.
2678:
2658:
2287:
2266:"Mag" (slang for "chattering")
13:
1:
3544:"Pounds, Shillings and Pence"
3489:. 28 May 2008. Archived from
3461:. Pocket Books. p. 134.
2671:
2377:derived from the French coin
1879:, colloquially "two-bob bit")
1741:
1339:This table is not exhaustive.
607:, 15 February 1971, when one
256:and 20 reales to 1 duro or 5
207:, the major exceptions being
2764:Naismith, Rory, ed. (2018).
2749:Walkingame, Francis (1874).
2283:Thrupney bit or threpney bit
1695:
118:, these were referred to as
95:Latin currency denominations
7:
4008:Economic history of Ireland
3302:. June 1954. Archived from
2633:Coins of the pound sterling
2596:
2532:Australia: quid, fiddly-did
2232:
1875:2/– (two shillings, or one
542:the claims made and adding
339:Carolingian monetary system
270:Carolingian monetary system
87:pounds, shillings and pence
18:Pounds, shillings and pence
10:
4024:
3169:Engineering and Technology
2898:. Isle of Man Government.
2572:Lysergic acid diethylamide
2502:Ten bob (note), half a bar
859:British West African pound
419:), the Holy Roman Empire (
321:to be struck from the new
267:
263:
29:
3965:
3947:
3823:
3599:
3446:– via Google Books.
3421:Harry Potter Collectibles
3011:"Definition of halfpenny"
2828:Oxford English Dictionary
2687:English Coinage, 600-1900
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
1984:5/– (five shillings, one
1337:
754:and many other countries.
3394:The Harry Potter Lexicon
2841:Bank of England (2019).
2710:Hodgkin, Thomas (1906).
2651:
2019:, one farthing under £2)
717:of a pound, called the "
611:became divided into 100
30:Not to be confused with
3825:Obsolete and historical
3266:"Slang Terms for Money"
3236:. Tattersalls Limited.
3035:The Chambers Dictionary
2953:Oxford University Press
2408:"dinar" or "denarius".
2399:Australia: bob, deener
2355:Tanner, tester, testoon
1988:, "five bob", a dollar)
1712:currency datatype. The
3457:Dickson, Paul (1998).
1981:, or "four-and-three")
1747:
1705:
579:
453:
309:
242:pre-decimal currencies
164:, as it afforded many
152:was subdivided into 4
81:(occasionally written
75:
64:
56:
27:Pre-decimal currencies
3548:The Royal Mint Museum
2843:"Withdrawn banknotes"
2805:University of Toronto
2751:The Tutor's Assistant
2100:, such as 90/– beer.
1739:
1703:
577:
325:of pure silver, each
304:
70:
62:
42:
3396:. 24 February 2018.
3326:on 19 December 2022.
3306:on 19 December 2022.
3134:John Palmer (1823).
2414:Two-shilling piece,
2339:Member of Parliament
2326:UK: Also known as "
2280:(value: three pence)
2155:improve this article
2121:Newmarket Racecourse
999:Western Samoan pound
848:Sierra Leonean leone
798:New unit / old unit
759:United States dollar
637:Revolutionary France
489:of the Tours mint).
443:). The English name
205:British Commonwealth
140:being the plural of
3966:Generic placeholder
3015:Oxford Dictionaries
2923:"PL/I supported it"
2589:The score of 26 at
2017:psychological price
988:Western Samoan tala
831:South African pound
761:. This was done in
388:trade and areas of
223:on 1 January 1973.
2557:In popular culture
2505:Australia: ten bob
2425:Australia: two bob
2349:(value: six pence)
2263:ˈfɑːðɪŋ, /ˈheɪpni/
2082:for halfpenny, or
1768:11d. (elevenpence)
1748:
1706:
960:New Zealand dollar
820:South African rand
703:and the "cent" in
631:was replaced by a
580:
527:possibly contains
431:) and in England (
358:Carolingian Empire
310:
76:
65:
57:
3983:
3982:
3525:978-981-4328-97-5
3487:The Pretty Things
3390:"Wizard Currency"
3075:978-1-135-79542-9
2929:). Archived from
2868:Bank of England.
2784:978-90-04-38309-8
2576:the Pretty Things
2554:
2553:
2511:Sir John Bradbury
2496:Ten-shilling note
2396:Bob or "thin 'un"
2303:Southern Rhodesia
2231:
2230:
2223:
2205:
1655:
1654:
1580:
1579:
1344:
1343:
1340:
971:New Zealand pound
904:Australian dollar
572:
571:
564:
529:original research
337:. Thus began the
323:Carolingian pound
162:mental arithmetic
16:(Redirected from
4015:
3975:
3925:
3913:
3901:
3780:
3709:
3637:
3593:Currency symbols
3586:
3579:
3572:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3530:
3529:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3424:. 7 March 2000.
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3262:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3242:
3235:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3210:
3199:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3021:on 21 July 2012.
3017:. Archived from
3007:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2955:. Archived from
2945:
2939:
2938:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2876:on 15 April 2017
2872:. Archived from
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2775:Brill Publishers
2772:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2682:
2665:
2662:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2613:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2473:New Pence coin.
2472:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2163:
2139:
2131:
2127:Colloquial terms
2091:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2006:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1746:
1743:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1601:
1585:
1584:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1365:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1316:
1315:
1290:
1289:
1264:
1263:
1238:
1237:
1210:
1209:
1182:
1181:
1156:Bermudian dollar
1154:
1153:
1128:Rhodesian dollar
1126:
1125:
1098:
1097:
1070:
1069:
1042:
1041:
1014:
1013:
986:
985:
958:
957:
930:
929:
915:Australian pound
902:
901:
874:
873:
846:
845:
818:
817:
801:New unit in £sd
792:
791:
733:
732:
728:
716:
715:
711:
698:
697:
693:
680:15 February 1971
660:Second World War
633:5 new pence coin
567:
560:
556:
553:
547:
544:inline citations
520:
519:
512:
456:
49:Guildhall Museum
21:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4012:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3961:
3943:
3819:
3778:
3595:
3590:
3552:
3550:
3542:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3526:
3510:
3506:
3496:
3494:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3455:
3451:
3441:
3439:
3432:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3403:
3401:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3373:
3371:
3368:Bank of England
3362:
3361:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3279:
3277:
3264:
3263:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3178:
3176:
3161:
3157:
3147:
3145:
3140:. p. 461.
3132:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3103:
3102:
3095:
3085:
3083:
3076:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3038:. p. 755.
3030:
3026:
3009:
3008:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2984:. p. 829.
2976:
2972:
2962:
2960:
2959:on 10 June 2014
2947:
2946:
2942:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2839:
2835:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2796:
2792:
2785:
2770:
2762:
2758:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2724:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2580:double entendre
2559:
2548:
2544:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2358:Australia: zack
2286:Joey (also see
2227:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2164:
2162:
2152:
2140:
2129:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2027:
2023:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1954:
1950:
1922:
1918:
1917:, "threppence"
1890:
1886:
1830:
1826:
1825:and "haypence"
1801:
1797:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1744:
1734:
1698:
1682:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1602:
1595:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1366:
1359:
1310:
1284:
1258:
1232:
1212:Malawian kwacha
1204:
1176:
1167:Bermudian pound
1148:
1139:Rhodesian pound
1120:
1092:
1072:Jamaican dollar
1064:
1036:
1008:
980:
952:
932:Bahamian dollar
924:
896:
868:
840:
812:
738:(as the Rand),
730:
726:
725:
713:
709:
708:
695:
691:
690:
645:Napoleonic wars
592:customary units
584:decimalisations
568:
557:
551:
548:
533:
521:
517:
510:
487:denier tournois
272:
266:
248:, which had 20
200:decimalisations
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4021:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3953:
3951:
3949:Cryptocurrency
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3919:
3914:
3907:
3902:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3589:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3538:
3537:External links
3535:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3504:
3493:on 28 May 2008
3474:
3467:
3449:
3430:
3411:
3381:
3355:
3329:
3309:
3287:
3254:
3222:
3186:
3155:
3126:
3093:
3074:
3051:
3044:
3024:
2999:
2970:
2940:
2913:
2887:
2860:
2833:
2818:
2790:
2783:
2777:. p. 81.
2756:
2741:
2722:
2702:
2695:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2629:
2628:
2614:
2598:
2595:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2475:
2474:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2444:
2443:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2343:
2342:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2291:
2284:
2281:
2278:Threepenny bit
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:Slang (other)
2243:
2240:
2237:
2229:
2228:
2143:
2141:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2072:for farthing,
2053:
2052:
2020:
1999:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1883:
1880:
1873:
1870:
1863:
1769:
1766:
1755:
1733:
1730:
1697:
1694:
1681:
1678:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1625:Half sovereign
1621:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1497:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1471:
1455:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1433:
1421:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1399:
1387:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1356:
1353:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1329:Nigerian pound
1326:
1323:
1320:
1318:Nigerian naira
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:Maltese pound
1300:
1297:
1294:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1223:Malawian pound
1220:
1217:
1214:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1184:Gambian dalasi
1173:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1083:Jamaican pound
1080:
1077:
1074:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1044:Zambian kwacha
1033:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1016:Tongan paʻanga
1005:
1004:
1001:
996:
993:
990:
977:
976:
973:
968:
965:
962:
949:
948:
945:
943:Bahamian pound
940:
937:
934:
921:
920:
917:
912:
909:
906:
893:
892:
889:
887:Ghanaian pound
884:
881:
878:
865:
864:
861:
856:
853:
850:
837:
836:
833:
828:
825:
822:
809:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
790:
789:
774:
755:
722:
672:pound sterling
649:United Kingdom
609:pound sterling
570:
569:
524:
522:
515:
509:
508:Decimalisation
506:
483:denier parisis
370:Roman Catholic
362:Offa of Mercia
274:The classical
268:Main article:
265:
262:
233:livre tournois
221:Nigerian pound
189:librae, solidi
185:Offa of Mercia
116:United Kingdom
85:), spoken as "
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4020:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3986:
3976:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3776:
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3545:
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3540:
3527:
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3517:
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3508:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3483:"Discography"
3478:
3470:
3468:0-671-54920-0
3464:
3460:
3453:
3437:
3433:
3431:9781585980734
3427:
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3143:
3139:
3138:
3130:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3098:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:. Routledge.
3067:
3066:
3058:
3056:
3047:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3028:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3006:
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2864:
2848:
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2837:
2829:
2822:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2798:Munro, John.
2794:
2786:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2768:
2760:
2753:. p. 96.
2752:
2745:
2729:
2725:
2723:9780722222454
2719:
2715:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2696:0-7134-0731-X
2692:
2688:
2681:
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2661:
2657:
2646:
2643:
2640:
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2634:
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2626:
2615:
2612:
2611:Europe portal
2601:
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2200:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172: –
2171:
2167:
2166:Find sources:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2144:This section
2142:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:2,000 Guineas
2114:
2113:1,000 Guineas
2110:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2093:
2061:
2057:
2048:
2021:
2018:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1946:
1914:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1864:
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1857:
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1226:
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1221:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1195:Gambian pound
1193:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1100:Fijian dollar
1096:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1055:Zambian pound
1053:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
989:
984:
979:
978:
974:
972:
969:
966:
963:
961:
956:
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950:
946:
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941:
938:
935:
933:
928:
923:
922:
918:
916:
913:
910:
907:
905:
900:
895:
894:
890:
888:
885:
882:
879:
877:
876:Ghanaian cedi
872:
867:
866:
862:
860:
857:
854:
851:
849:
844:
839:
838:
834:
832:
829:
826:
823:
821:
816:
811:
810:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
793:
787:
783:
779:
775:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
723:
720:
706:
702:
688:
687:
686:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
642:
641:Ancien régime
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
593:
587:
585:
576:
566:
563:
555:
545:
541:
537:
531:
530:
525:This section
523:
514:
513:
505:
501:
499:
495:
490:
488:
484:
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474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
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430:
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422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
366:Peter's pence
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
308:
303:
299:
297:
293:
290:. The silver
289:
285:
281:
277:
271:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
234:
229:
228:Roman coinage
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
173:
171:
167:
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145:
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107:
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100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
73:
69:
61:
54:
50:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3985:
3551:. Retrieved
3547:
3514:
3507:
3495:. Retrieved
3491:the original
3486:
3477:
3458:
3452:
3440:. Retrieved
3420:
3414:
3402:. Retrieved
3393:
3384:
3372:. Retrieved
3367:
3358:
3346:. Retrieved
3332:
3324:the original
3318:
3312:
3304:the original
3300:The Rotarian
3299:
3290:
3278:. Retrieved
3269:
3245:. Retrieved
3225:
3213:. Retrieved
3201:
3189:
3177:. Retrieved
3168:
3158:
3146:. Retrieved
3136:
3129:
3117:. Retrieved
3108:
3084:. Retrieved
3064:
3033:
3027:
3019:the original
3014:
2990:. Retrieved
2980:
2973:
2961:. Retrieved
2957:the original
2943:
2931:the original
2916:
2904:. Retrieved
2890:
2878:. Retrieved
2874:the original
2863:
2851:. Retrieved
2836:
2827:
2821:
2811:20 September
2809:. Retrieved
2803:
2793:
2766:
2759:
2750:
2744:
2732:. Retrieved
2712:
2705:
2686:
2680:
2660:
2645:Decimal time
2625:Money portal
2588:
2570:
2564:Harry Potter
2562:
2560:
2540:
2537:quid pro quo
2448:Half a crown
2403:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2347:Sixpenny bit
2299:South Africa
2297:
2258:ha'penny bit
2217:
2208:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2165:
2153:Please help
2148:verification
2145:
2102:
2094:
2054:
1866:
1859:
1855:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1749:
1707:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1673:legal tender
1656:
1588:Common name
1581:
1444:c ≈ 0.8333c
1432:p ≈ 0.4167p
1410:c ≈ 0.4167c
1398:p ≈ 0.2083p
1345:
1292:Maltese lira
1250:Irish pound
1163:8/4 = 100d.
1111:Fijian pound
1027:Tongan pound
883:8/4 = 100d.
736:South Africa
684:
653:
625:South Africa
588:
581:
558:
549:
526:
502:
491:
486:
482:
475:
466:
462:
458:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
394:
368:") with the
355:
350:
346:
342:
334:
330:
326:
318:
311:
305:Carolingian
287:
283:
282:" whereby 1
276:Roman Empire
273:
231:
225:
197:
192:
188:
177:Roman Empire
174:
146:
141:
137:
131:
125:
119:
109:
103:
97:
86:
82:
78:
77:
36:
4003:Numismatics
3601:Circulating
3553:16 February
3179:3 September
3148:3 September
2639:Irish pound
2352:ˈsɪksp(ə)ns
2332:Joseph Hume
2305:: tickey.
2242:Slang (UK)
2239:Pronounced
2109:Tattersalls
2056:Halfpennies
1745: 1946
1710:fixed-point
1276:Pound stg.
1240:Irish pound
767:West Indies
744:New Zealand
676:Irish pound
656:decimalised
617:New Zealand
605:Decimal Day
601:decimalised
552:August 2019
454:libra pondo
333:each of 12
314:Charlemagne
181:Charlemagne
3992:Categories
3497:8 December
3442:21 October
3374:15 January
3119:9 December
3086:21 October
3045:0550102558
2992:21 October
2853:15 January
2734:13 October
2672:References
2318:ˈfɔːp(ə)ni
2181:newspapers
1867:thruppence
1603:(e.g. NZ)
1596:(e.g. UK)
1553:Half crown
1450:Threepence
1367:(e.g. NZ)
1360:(e.g. UK)
1266:Pound stg.
786:The Gambia
536:improve it
471:al-Andalus
407:), Italy (
240:and other
91:currencies
3348:6 January
3280:24 August
3109:DiCamillo
2826:"pound".
2294:Australia
2288:Fourpence
2060:farthings
1794:halfpence
1790:halfpenny
1763:"solidus"
1696:Computing
1641:Sovereign
1373:Halfpenny
804:Old unit
795:New unit
740:Australia
613:new pence
540:verifying
498:sovereign
425:schilling
390:Hanseatic
386:North Sea
296:sestercii
250:maravedís
158:halfpenny
154:farthings
127:shillings
114:. In the
53:Rochester
3436:Archived
3398:Archived
3342:Archived
3274:Archived
3238:Archived
3206:Archived
3173:Archived
3142:Archived
3113:Archived
3080:Archived
2986:Archived
2900:Archived
2880:16 April
2847:Archived
2728:Archived
2597:See also
2389:Shilling
2254:Farthing
2211:May 2019
1993:A Guinea
1860:ha'pence
1856:ha'penny
1724:and the
1722:ICT 1301
1714:IBM 1401
1659:farthing
1521:Shilling
1492:Sixpence
629:shilling
621:Rhodesia
449:Germanic
437:shilling
327:denarius
307:denarius
292:denarius
284:denarius
244:such as
72:Toy coin
3404:7 March
2963:10 June
2935:Twitter
2549:quid).
2468:⁄
2437:⁄
2375:testoon
2336:Radical
2195:scholar
2105:guineas
2087:⁄
2077:⁄
2067:⁄
2010:⁄
1991:£1/1/-
1779:⁄
1666:⁄
1600:New $ c
1591:Amount
1568:⁄
1507:⁄
1481:⁄
1465:⁄
1439:⁄
1427:⁄
1405:⁄
1393:⁄
1381:⁄
1364:New $ c
1355:Amount
1160:0.4167
880:0.4167
782:Bahamas
771:Bermuda
748:Jamaica
729:⁄
712:⁄
701:Ireland
694:⁄
668:Nigeria
597:Ireland
534:Please
479:debased
429:pfennig
382:Danelaw
349:. = 240
335:denarii
319:denarii
264:Origins
258:pesetas
217:Nigeria
193:denarii
183:. King
166:factors
111:denarii
47:in the
45:sampler
3522:
3465:
3428:
3370:. 2024
3072:
3042:
2906:2 July
2781:
2720:
2693:
2582:. The
2486:Dollar
2416:florin
2393:ˈʃɪlɪŋ
2380:teston
2371:Tester
2363:Romany
2334:, the
2248:Notes
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2168:
2001:£1/19/
1877:florin
1759:long s
1594:New £p
1537:Florin
1358:New £p
763:Canada
467:diners
459:lliura
417:denaro
405:denier
374:Viking
345:. = 20
331:solidi
238:France
209:Canada
170:guinea
130:, and
121:pounds
108:, and
105:solidi
99:librae
3247:1 May
3241:(PDF)
3234:(PDF)
3215:1 May
3209:(PDF)
3198:(PDF)
2927:Tweet
2771:(PDF)
2652:Notes
2591:darts
2523:Pound
2479:Crown
2406:Latin
2365:word
2328:groat
2236:Coin
2202:JSTOR
2188:books
2170:"£sd"
1986:crown
1661:, at
1629:10/–
1609:Crown
1416:Penny
1352:Coin
1333:1973
1325:10/–
1305:1972
1299:£M 1
1279:1971
1253:1971
1227:1971
1219:10/–
1199:1971
1171:1970
1143:1970
1135:10/–
1115:1969
1107:10/–
1087:1969
1079:10/–
1059:1968
1051:10/–
1031:1967
1023:10/–
1003:1967
995:10/–
975:1967
967:10/–
947:1966
936:0.35
919:1966
911:10/–
891:1965
863:1964
855:10/–
835:1961
827:10/–
807:Year
778:Ghana
705:Malta
664:Malta
494:franc
447:is a
445:pound
441:penny
433:pound
421:pfund
413:soldo
397:livre
286:= 10
252:to 1
246:Spain
213:India
150:penny
142:penny
138:pence
133:pence
3555:2021
3520:ISBN
3499:2023
3463:ISBN
3444:2020
3426:ISBN
3406:2020
3376:2024
3350:2023
3282:2017
3249:2019
3217:2019
3181:2018
3150:2018
3121:2019
3088:2020
3070:ISBN
3040:ISBN
2994:2020
2965:2014
2908:2018
2882:2017
2855:2024
2813:2024
2779:ISBN
2736:2016
2718:ISBN
2691:ISBN
2545:fid
2373:and
2367:tano
2321:Joey
2301:and
2256:and
2174:news
2115:and
2058:and
1858:and
1792:and
1761:for
1726:PL/I
1657:The
1651:$ 2
1635:$ 1
1632:50p
1619:50c
1616:25p
1613:5/–
1576:25c
1557:2/6
1547:20c
1544:10p
1541:2/–
1531:10c
1525:1/–
1496:6d.
1454:3d.
1420:1d.
1322:0.5
1216:0.5
1191:4/–
1188:0.2
1132:0.5
1104:0.5
1076:0.5
1048:0.5
1020:0.5
992:0.5
964:0.5
939:7/–
908:0.5
852:0.5
824:0.5
752:Fiji
714:1000
674:and
623:and
465:and
439:and
427:and
415:and
409:lira
403:and
401:sous
378:mark
353:.).
254:real
211:and
191:and
3888:Pts
3868:ℒ𝓈
3843:₢$
3838:Դր.
2442:).
2157:by
2119:at
1788:in
1718:BSI
1648:£1
1645:£1
1528:5p
1515:5c
1386:d.
1273:£1
1247:£1
719:mil
696:100
538:by
463:sou
236:in
144:).
83:Lsd
79:£sd
51:of
32:LSD
3994::
3939:𐆘
3934:𐆗
3929:𐆙
3917:𐆚
3893:ℛℳ
3768:Rs
3748:රු
3743:रू
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