118:
526:
857:
997:
31:
1011:
983:
512:
extended the use of the term "real", though not the actual currency or value, to the Middle East and the slightly
Arabicized form of the word "real", the "riyal" is the currency of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the current (but soon to be former currency in favor of the
812:
827:
In 1837, a decimal system was adopted, with copper coins (bronze from 1882) of 3, 5, 10 and 20 réis, silver coins for 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000 réis and gold 1$ 000, 2$ 000, 2$ 500, 5$ 000 and 10$ 000. In 1875, the last 3
1127:"A Manual of Gold and Silver Coins of All Nations Struck within the Past Century: Showing Their History, and Legal Basis and Their Actual Weight, Fineness, and Value, Chiefly from Original and Recent Assays"
1109:"A View of the Coins at this Time Current Throughout Europe: Exhibiting the Figures of Near 300 on 25 Copper Plates, Together with Their Value, ... Intended for the Use of Travellers, ... By Thomas Snelling"
879:
Portugal's first paper money was introduced in 1797 by the government. Denominations issued until 1807 included 1$ 200, 2$ 400, 5$ 000, 6$ 400, 10$ 000, 12$ 000 and 20$ 000
804:
of 13.145 g fine gold was raised in value from 6$ 400 to 7$ 500 in 1826, 8$ 000 in 1837, and 8$ 085 in 1854 (when the gold standard of 1.62585 g fine gold per
117:
865:
135:'s (1521–1557) reigns were discovered during an excavation near the Malacca River mouth by W. Edgerton, Resident Councilor of Malacca, in 1900.
1402:
1397:
1392:
1301:
1279:
1245:
525:
1140:
1387:
1043:
491:
1311:
1289:
544:
Before the middle of the 19th century, many different denominations were minted, often with values in terms of the
1407:
1257:
17:
689:), though they are stamped with their old values of 400, 1$ 000, 2$ 000, 10$ 000 and 20$ 000 réis, respectively.
1267:
1382:
1024:
607:
coins (excluding colonial issues) were minted in the 1580s. After this time, the smallest coins were worth
1328:
1334:
1085:
419:
was initially valued at par with the
Portuguese real, but from 1740 it was valued lower by a factor of
291:
of the 18th century, Portuguese gold coins gained currency worldwide, and especially with its ally the
94:
840:
433:
from 1$ 600 to 1$ 760. After the
Napoleonic Wars the Brazilian unit was devalued further, with the
719:
or 91.7% fine gold, and which was valued at 12$ 800. The most familiar coin of this series is the
39:
1108:
760:
1164:
Beck, Sanderson (2004). "East Africa, Portuguese, and Arabs". Middle East & Africa to 1875.
930:
also issued notes, with bearer cheques issued by a number of other banks between 1833 and 1887.
890:
From the 1820s, several private banks issued paper money. The most extensive issues were by the
565:
132:
700:), and 50 réis, though stamped with their old values of 400, 200, 80 and 40 réis, respectively.
661:), stamped 4,000 réis but actually valued 20% higher or 4,800 réis (4$ 800). This coin weighed
484:
144:
1126:
856:
589:
557:
820:
597:
171:
573:
463:
416:
234:
128:
8:
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632:
537:
288:
149:
83:
57:
1002:
222:
121:
1364:
1307:
1285:
1263:
1241:
935:
786:
445:
339:
89:
78:
1165:
1056:
711:
series of 1722–1835, gold coins were issued instead in binary fractions of the gold
1306:. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (6th ed.). Krause Publications.
1284:. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (7th ed.). Krause Publications.
30:
1235:
1016:
797:
509:
477:
470:
303:
1144:
759:
starting 1717, Portuguese gold coins widely circulated there at the rate of 27
752:
502:
292:
276:
or $ sign functioning as a decimal point for monetary amounts, so that 60,500
1337:
Photos and descriptions of the coins of
Portugal from the Kingdom to the euro.
1376:
836:
756:
514:
344:
353:
equal to 1.62585 g fine gold. This standard was maintained until 1891.
988:
884:
456:
449:
299:, which were valued at 1$ 600 and which contained 3.286 g fine gold.
326:
from 1$ 600 to 2$ 000. It also changed the main unit of account from the
843:
or £1 coin was widely accepted in circulation with a value of 4$ 500.
703:
Copper coins were issued in denominations of 3, 5, 10, 20 and 40 réis.
349:
266:, a term that has been in use since at least the 1760s. In figures, a
254:
87:
at the rate of 1 real = 840 dinheiros and was itself replaced by the
883:. Some of these notes were revalidated for continued use during the
832:
coins were issued, with cupronickel 50 and 100 réis issued in 1900.
272:
1353:
74:
70:
1254:
372:
as the
Portuguese currency unit (not to be confused with the gold
773:
707:
While silver and copper denominations were left unchanged by the
657:
1237:
Standard
Catalog of World Paper Money General Issues (1368-1960)
343:
issued its first banknotes in 1847. In 1854, Portugal adopted a
318:. The monetary reform of 1837 recognized the lower value of the
295:. Its most familiar gold coins were issued in multiples of gold
233:) had become the unit of account in Portugal. From the reign of
716:
624:. These were minted until around 1750, after which the three
397:
102:
1188:
1186:
811:
306:
of the early 19th century spawned the issue of the paper
147:
around 1380. It was a silver coin and had a value of 120
124:
508:
Portuguese influence in the
Persian Gulf, especially in
692:
Silver coins were issued in denominations of 480 réis (
655:(literally "gold coin", and commonly Anglicised as the
643:
series of 1722–1835. A description of the coins of the
1183:
674:(explained below) and contained 9.86 g fine gold.
334:(1$ 000) with decimal subdivisions used in its coins.
1210:
1198:
978:
440:
Coins and banknotes were also issued denominated in
1171:
736:
worth 6$ 400. Other denominations include the half-
628:coin became the smallest circulating denomination.
568:'s reign and this remained the value of the silver
1166:http://www.san.beck.org/1-13-Africa1500-1800.html
963:introduced notes for 200, 500, 1$ 000 and 2$ 500
947:notes were issued from 1883, followed by 50$ 000
1374:
221:) were issued. By the beginning of the reign of
97:of 1910) at a rate of 1 escudo = 1000 réis. The
906:. This bank issued notes for 1$ 200 and 2$ 400
715:(or ounce), which contained 28.68 g of 22-
310:which eventually depreciated versus the silver
400:, almost exactly the converted value of 1,000
1255:Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991).
685:), 1$ 200, 2$ 400, 12$ 000, and 24$ 000 (the
651:The most familiar coin of this series is the
437:rising to 2$ 500 in 1834 and 4$ 000 in 1846.
388:. This term survived the introduction of the
81:from around 1430 until 1911. It replaced the
1298:
1276:
548:which increased over time. For example, the
27:Currency of Portugal from c. 1430 until 1911
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
635:of the 18th century belonged to either the
1120:
1118:
939:introduced notes for 10$ 000 and 20$ 000
767:(4$ 800) and 9 shillings (£0.45) for the
248:Due to the historically low value of the
1141:"MILREIS English Definition and Meaning"
1124:
1106:
1063:
810:
792:Following the depreciation of the paper
677:Valued proportionately are coins of 480
524:
241:, coinciding with the switch to minting
237:(1495–1521), the name was simplified to
116:
29:
894:, whose notes were denominated in both
252:, large sums were usually expressed in
14:
1375:
1262:(18th ed.). Krause Publications.
1115:
444:for use in the different parts of the
1302:Standard Catalog of World Paper Money
1280:Standard Catalog of World Paper Money
1233:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1177:
384:, written 1.000$ 000) was known as a
56:
800:of the early 19th century, the gold
322:by increasing the value of the gold
280:would be written as 60$ 500 or 60.5
429:, increasing the value of the gold
24:
1403:1911 disestablishments in Portugal
1037:
25:
1419:
1322:
1057:"Real Cruzado - João I, Portugal"
1046:Tesouros Numismáticos Portugueses
560:. It was fixed at a value of 400
552:was introduced at a value of 324
1398:1430s establishments in Portugal
1009:
995:
981:
955:introduced notes for 50 and 100
855:
789:of the 18th and 19th centuries.
270:was written as 1$ 000, with the
1258:Standard Catalog of World Coins
1226:
1331:Catalogue of Portuguese Coins.
1234:Cuhaj, George S., ed. (2010).
1158:
1133:
1100:
1049:
576:, when it was revalued to 480
105:at a rate of 1 euro = 200.482
13:
1:
1030:
631:Gold coins issued during the
396:and is now used to mean five
1393:Economic history of Portugal
1143:. Lexico.com. Archived from
1025:Economic history of Portugal
846:
412:is approximately €4.98798).
101:was further replaced by the
7:
1125:Eckfeldt, Jacob R. (1842).
974:
910:, 1, 4, 10, 20, 50 and 100
787:English literary references
639:series of 1688–1732 or the
376:worth 1$ 600). One million
61:, meaning "royal", plural:
10:
1424:
1388:Modern obsolete currencies
869:Imperial Treasury, 2$ 400
839:era from 1854 to 1891 the
821:King Manuel II of Portugal
536:minted in 1730 during the
112:
40:King Sebastião of Portugal
1361:
1351:
1343:
1107:Snelling, Thomas (1766).
928:Banco Industrial do Porto
920:Banco Commercial do Porto
916:Banco Commercial de Braga
497:. Brazil has revived the
54:Portuguese pronunciation:
785:were often mentioned in
744:of 1$ 600, and the half-
520:
1240:(13 ed.). Krause.
967:, followed by 100$ 000
885:War of the Two Brothers
501:as the denomination of
1408:Currencies of Portugal
951:in 1886. In 1891, the
841:British gold sovereign
824:
580:. Meanwhile, the gold
541:
492:São Tomé and Príncipe
136:
43:
1335:The Coins of Portugal
1299:Pick, Albert (1990).
1277:Pick, Albert (1994).
1168:Retrieved 2022-07-28.
1147:on September 28, 2021
814:
796:during and after the
584:rose in value to 750
528:
120:
95:Republican revolution
33:
1383:Currencies of Europe
1304:: Specialized Issues
503:its present currency
93:(as a result of the
1347:Portuguese dinheiro
783:Brazilian Gold Rush
633:Brazilian Gold Rush
600:before its demise.
572:until the reign of
538:Brazilian Gold Rush
289:Brazilian Gold Rush
245:coins from copper.
229:(equivalent to 840
170:). In the reign of
131:'s (1495–1521) and
1195:, pp. 982–83.
1003:Numismatics portal
924:Banco de Guimaraes
835:During Portugal's
825:
808:was implemented).
542:
485:Portuguese Guinea
417:old Brazilian real
143:was introduced by
137:
122:Portuguese Malacca
69:) was the unit of
44:
1371:
1370:
1365:Portuguese escudo
1362:Succeeded by
1247:978-1-4402-1293-2
1086:"Portuguese real"
961:Banco de Portugal
936:Banco de Portugal
446:Portuguese Empire
380:(or one thousand
364:at the rate of 1
340:Banco de Portugal
174:(1385–1433), the
79:Portuguese Empire
16:(Redirected from
1415:
1344:Preceded by
1341:
1340:
1329:Portuguese Coins
1317:
1295:
1282:: General Issues
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873:, 1798–99 issue.
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763:(£1.35) for the
732:
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902:, worth 4$ 800
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877:
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798:Napoleonic Wars
771:(1$ 600). Gold
740:of 3$ 200, the
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510:Portuguese Oman
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304:Napoleonic Wars
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58:[ʁiˈal]
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1219:, p. 985.
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293:United Kingdom
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1149:. Retrieved
1145:the original
1135:
1102:
1090:. Retrieved
1051:
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989:Money portal
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1260:: 1801–1991
1088:. CoinsHome
755:was on the
748:of 0$ 800.
603:The last 1
554:real branco
532:or 12$ 800
517:) of Iran.
478:Mozambican
471:Cape Verde
262:) of 1,000
227:real branco
219:real branco
195:(initially
176:real branco
172:King João I
42:(1557–1578)
38:gold coin,
1377:Categories
1359:1433–1911
1354:Portuguese
1269:0873411501
1217:Cuhaj 2010
1205:Cuhaj 2010
1193:Cuhaj 2010
1178:Cuhaj 2010
1151:2022-08-24
1031:References
959:, and the
464:Brazilian
287:Since the
201:real preto
199:) and the
139:The first
1356:currency
943:. 5$ 000
847:Banknotes
761:shillings
347:with the
231:dinheiros
150:dinheiros
127:coins of
109:in 2002.
975:See also
774:moidores
709:joannese
647:series:
641:joannese
457:Azorean
450:Angolan
382:mil-réis
368:= 1,000
268:mil-réis
260:mil-réis
84:dinheiro
77:and the
75:Portugal
71:currency
1092:8 April
823:, 1909.
806:milréis
794:milréis
781:of the
765:moidore
751:As the
728:⁄
694:cruzado
683:cruzado
666:⁄
658:moidore
645:moidore
637:moidore
616:⁄
582:cruzado
570:cruzado
564:during
550:cruzado
448:. See:
424:⁄
402:escudos
394:escudos
350:milréis
332:milréis
330:to the
320:milréis
312:cruzado
308:milréis
297:escudos
282:milréis
255:milréis
212:⁄
187:⁄
162:⁄
113:History
107:escudos
1310:
1288:
1266:
1244:
914:. The
912:moedas
900:moedas
769:escudo
746:escudo
742:escudo
698:tostão
687:dobrão
435:escudo
431:escudo
390:escudo
374:escudo
366:escudo
358:escudo
324:escudo
316:escudo
273:cifrão
205:soldos
193:libras
155:soldos
99:escudo
90:escudo
34:A 500
717:karat
681:(the
521:Coins
515:toman
410:conto
398:euros
258:(or
217:of a
203:of 7
168:libra
67:reais
36:reais
1308:ISBN
1286:ISBN
1264:ISBN
1242:ISBN
1094:2020
969:real
965:réis
957:réis
949:réis
945:réis
941:réis
926:and
908:réis
904:réis
898:and
896:réis
881:réis
871:réis
830:real
817:réis
815:200
802:peça
779:joes
777:and
738:peça
734:onça
721:peça
713:onça
679:réis
672:onça
626:real
622:réis
605:real
594:réis
586:réis
578:réis
562:réis
546:real
534:réis
530:Onça
499:real
494:real
490:and
487:real
480:real
473:real
466:real
459:real
452:real
442:réis
415:The
406:réis
378:réis
370:réis
362:real
337:The
328:real
302:The
278:réis
264:réis
250:real
243:real
239:real
153:(10
141:real
103:euro
65:or
63:réis
49:real
46:The
723:or
408:(1
178:of
157:or
125:tin
73:of
1379::
1185:^
1117:^
1065:^
922:,
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476:,
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426:11
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210:1
207:(
189:2
185:1
182:+
180:3
164:2
160:1
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20:)
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