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lords, and declared a peasants' republic. While he had a reputation as a ruffian and provocateur among members of the
Maronite clergy and European consuls, Shahin became a popular figure among Christian commoners, many of whom considered him the guardian of their interests, a view which Shahin
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699:', 'dialect', or 'colloquial'. However, with the emergence of social media, attitudes toward Levantine have improved. The amount of written Levantine has significantly increased, especially online, where Levantine is written using
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Map showing power balance in
Lebanon, 1983: Green – controlled by Syria, purple – controlled by Christian groups, yellow – controlled by Israel, blue – controlled by the United Nations (from
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vernacular Arabic variety to MSA, with about 50% of common words. Nevertheless, Levantine and MSA are not mutually intelligible. Levantine speakers therefore often call their language
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in a struggle over political influence in
Maronite affairs. Shahin subsequently relinquished his republic and worked in the judiciary of his home village,
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Portrait of
Fakhreddine while he was in Tuscany, stating "Faccardino grand emir dei Drusi" translated as "Fakhreddine: great emir of the Druze" (from
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in any state or territory. Although it is the majority language in Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria, it is predominantly used as a spoken
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The earliest evidence of human civilization in
Lebanon dates back to 5000 BC. From 3200 to 539 BC, what was to become Lebanon was part of
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331:. Lebanon has a population of more than five million people and covers an area of 10,452 square kilometres (4,036 sq mi).
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Following his victory in
Keserwan, Shahin and his fighters launched intermittent raids against villages in nearby regions, such as
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has defined
Lebanon's economic crisis as one of the world's worst since the 19th century. Despite the country's small size,
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Flag as drawn and approved by the members of the
Lebanese parliament during the declaration of independence in 1943 (from
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in daily communication, whereas most written and official documents and media in these countries use the official
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Anti-Syrian protesters heading to
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lies a short distance away from the country's coastline. Lebanon is located at the crossroads of the
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refused to cancel a play's performance after being informed that her mother had died?
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The Grand Serail also known as the
Government Palace is the headquarters of the
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The following are images from various Lebanon-related articles on Knowledge.
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in 1859, during which he drove out the area's Maronite nobility, the feudal
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A selection of Lebanese dishes from Cafe Nouf Restaurant in London (from
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Csontváry Kosztka, Tivadar - Pilgrimage to the Cedars of Lebanon (from
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and fomented political instability, widespread resource shortages, and
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provinces). With over 54 million speakers, Levantine is, alongside
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This portal was significantly updated and expanded in October 2019.
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The funeral of the assassinated Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (from
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is similar to that shared by most vernacular varieties of Arabic.
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varies greatly along social, ethnic, and geographical lines.
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in the Shuf Mountains lived in complete harmony. (from
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Aftermath of the 4 August 2020 Beirut explosion (from
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caliphates. The 11th century saw the beginning of the
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through formal education that does not function as a
346:. In 64 BC, the region of Lebanon became part of the
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542:, one of the best articles Knowledge has to offer.
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752:1940 Mandatory Palestine v Lebanon football match
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2401:that separated West and East Beirut, 1982 (from
2246:Sidewalk Cafes are a trademark of the BCD (from
2161:is a main street in the central district (from
74:Knowledge portal for content related to Lebanon
3183:sister projects provide more on this subject:
1772:
481:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
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723:is overwhelmingly Arabic, with a significant
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402:, created in the 19th century as a home for
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1853:. He led a peasants' revolt in the area of
335:is the country's capital and largest city.
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1917:1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze
503:Refresh with new selections below (purge)
2722:A map of Mount Lebanon c. AD 1180 (from
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667:. In Israel and Turkey, Levantine is a
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457:and globally, powered primarily by the
350:, which soon became a major center for
342:, a maritime empire that stretched the
64:update the maintenance information here
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2042:Lebanon women's national football team
2032:Lebanon in the Eurovision Song Contest
461:. Lebanon is a founding member of the
290:
1084:Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon
1057:Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon
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166:
2817:An array of Lebanese cuisine. (from
1922:1982 kidnapping of Iranian diplomats
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848:coincided with the beginning of the
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437:, have precipitated the collapse of
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3004:Buildings and structures in Lebanon
2027:Lebanon at the 2010 Winter Olympics
2022:Lebanon at the 1952 Winter Olympics
475:Organization of Islamic Cooperation
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1962:Democratic Left Movement (Lebanon)
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58:when editing, especially if using
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2568:Dark Green – controlled by Syria;
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1942:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1849:muleteer and peasant leader from
919:people are robbing Lebanese banks
433:and recent disasters such as the
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2863:Portrait of Elie Hobeika (from
2676:Range in eastern Lebanon (from
421:. It has been classified as an
3103:Organisations based in Lebanon
2917:Lebanon Parliament 2018 (from
2641:Palm trees at the seafront in
2295:Map of the Shebaa farms (from
2052:McMahon–Hussein Correspondence
2037:Lebanon national football team
2012:Kisrawan campaigns (1292–1305)
1977:Faeq al-Mir arrest controversy
1:
2970:Select to view subcategories
2953:
1876:, particularly the battle of
787:Russian occupations of Beirut
443:high unemployment and poverty
44:by an editor, and are needed.
2576:Light Green – controlled by
1967:Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II
1880:between local Maronites and
1874:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war
922:to get their own money back?
690:
636:comprehensible all over the
600:
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7:
2672:at the eastern edge of the
2604:Gibran Khalil Gibran Garden
1062:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
400:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
282:
10:
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3371:
3224:Free textbooks and manuals
2200:(IAF), 20 July 2006 (from
1837:, given name also spelled
939:while quarrying for stone?
855:... that Lebanese actress
782:Royal necropolis of Byblos
382:, which later fell to the
311:to the north and east, by
60:automated editing software
29:Portal maintenance status:
3380:Discover Knowledge using
2541:Druzes and the Christians
2426:prime minister of Lebanon
2067:National Museum of Beirut
1822:Portrait of Tanyus Shahin
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1314:
1305:
1250:
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1101:
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1002:
952:
884:code-switching in Lebanon
741:List of Featured Articles
469:, and is a member of the
427:Lebanese liquidity crisis
423:upper-middle-income state
378:and the establishment of
315:to the south, and by the
3364:Dictionary and thesaurus
3284:Collection of quotations
2482:, 20 October 2019 (from
1052:Emirate of Mount Lebanon
928:royal necropolis of Ayaa
913:, is a typical greeting?
453:is renowned both in the
390:, and eventually to the
2608:Beirut Central District
2570:Purple – controlled by
2480:Mohammad Al-Amin Mosque
887:is so common that "hi,
713:Levantine pronunciation
419:Human Development Index
354:under the aegis of the
3634:Middle Eastern portals
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3048:Environment of Lebanon
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1265:International rankings
1106:Anti-Lebanon Mountains
937:shaft and chamber tomb
894:
850:2019 Lebanese protests
836:
653:Modern Standard Arabic
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479:
417:, ranked 112th on the
394:. Under Ottoman ruler
299:, is a country in the
194:
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3467:
3456:Current events portal
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3333:
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3293:
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3233:
3213:
3204:Free media repository
3193:
3070:Government of Lebanon
2993:Lebanon-related lists
2964:
2272:playing guitar (from
2223:Beirut in 1950 (from
1906:List of Good Articles
1815:
1229:Speaker of Parliament
876:2020 Beirut explosion
835:
777:Roman temple of Bziza
772:Law school of Berytus
645:officially recognized
555:
435:2020 Beirut explosion
431:nationwide corruption
193:
3304:Free-content library
3181:Wikimedia Foundation
3173:Associated Wikimedia
3059:Geography of Lebanon
3037:Education in Lebanon
2606:and surroundings in
2578:Palestinian militias
2539:: Historically; the
1717:United Arab Emirates
1501:Religions in Lebanon
471:Non-Aligned Movement
307:. It is bordered by
288:local pronunciation:
3644:WikiProject Lebanon
3600:WikiProject Portals
3402:List of all portals
3324:Free learning tools
3244:Free knowledge base
3125:Politics of Lebanon
2920:Politics of Lebanon
2431:Politics of Lebanon
2374:(April 1913) (from
2323:Beiteddine Festival
1845:; 1815–1895) was a
675:Palestinian dialect
518:Featured article -
404:Maronite Christians
344:Mediterranean Basin
329:Arabian hinterlands
325:Mediterranean Basin
297:Republic of Lebanon
263:-ə-non, -nən
62:. Learn how to
3649:Portals by country
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3510:Mathematics portal
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3136:Society of Lebanon
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3015:Culture of Lebanon
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2943:History of Lebanon
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2866:History of Lebanon
2843:Culture of Lebanon
2820:Culture of Lebanon
2797:Culture of Lebanon
2774:History of Lebanon
2748:History of Lebanon
2725:History of Lebanon
2702:History of Lebanon
2679:Culture of Lebanon
2648:Culture of Lebanon
2621:Culture of Lebanon
2583:History of Lebanon
2546:History of Lebanon
2508:History of Lebanon
2485:History of Lebanon
2454:History of Lebanon
2404:History of Lebanon
2377:Culture of Lebanon
2351:History of Lebanon
2328:Culture of Lebanon
2298:History of Lebanon
2275:Culture of Lebanon
2249:Culture of Lebanon
2226:History of Lebanon
2203:History of Lebanon
2164:Culture of Lebanon
2138:History of Lebanon
1817:
1278:Telecommunications
864:... that Lebanese
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630:prestige varieties
601:el-lahje š-šāmiyye
557:
439:Lebanon's currency
415:developing country
406:under the Ottoman
295:), officially the
292:[lɪbˈneːn]
195:
168:The Lebanon Portal
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3611:
3564:Technology portal
3344:Free travel guide
3264:Free-content news
3147:Images of Lebanon
3081:Health in Lebanon
2971:
2894:'s capital (from
2319:Beiteddine Palace
2198:Israeli Air Force
2114:
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1927:Elias Abu Shabaki
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1214:Political parties
1187:Foreign relations
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895:Ça va ?
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709:Hebrew characters
669:minority language
655:(MSA), a form of
643:Levantine is not
628:, one of the two
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489:, among others. (
459:Lebanese diaspora
317:Mediterranean Sea
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48:Additional notes:
42:have been checked
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3474:Geography portal
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3438:Biography portal
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2017:Lebanese cuisine
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1079:Cedar Revolution
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907:Levantine Arabic
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812:(auto-generated)
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792:Salih ibn Mirdas
762:Byzantine Empire
742:
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1937:Arab Christians
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767:Fakhr al-Din II
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665:native language
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606:Arabic variety
596:اللهجة الشامية
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2007:Mehdi Khalil
1997:Jeita Grotto
1987:Chekri Ganem
1972:Eshmunazar I
1952:Lydia Canaan
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1681:Saudi Arabia
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1527:Christianity
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1341:Demographics
1319:Architecture
1260:Central Bank
1192:Human rights
1177:Constitution
1141:Shebaa farms
1131:Governorates
1111:Beqaa Valley
1037:Crusader era
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396:Abdulmejid I
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3624:All portals
3320:Wikiversity
2087:Yusuf Sayfa
2062:Mulhim Ma'n
2002:Mia Khalifa
1535:Arab states
1493:Middle East
1255:Agriculture
866:LGBT rights
721:Its lexicon
717:Its grammar
691:al-ʿāmmiyya
487:Group of 77
467:Arab League
465:and of the
111:Mathematics
3618:Categories
3360:Wiktionary
3340:Wikivoyage
3300:Wikisource
2955:Categories
2399:Green Line
2159:Rue Maarad
2082:Soony Saad
1932:Al Ahed FC
1862:promoted.
1798:This is a
1705:Somaliland
1633:Mauritania
1381:Television
1272:(currency)
1182:Corruption
1042:Mamluk era
757:Bodashtart
649:vernacular
638:Arab world
538:This is a
485:, and the
455:Arab world
447:World Bank
360:caliphates
303:region of
183:A view of
141:Technology
126:Philosophy
86:Activities
33:(May 2019)
3280:Wikiquote
3220:Wikibooks
1992:Hezbollah
1878:Beit Mery
1669:Palestine
1457:Geography
1356:Languages
1346:Education
1288:Transport
1219:President
1126:Districts
1094:Geography
1074:Civil War
1027:Roman era
1017:Phoenicia
916:... that
881:... that
868:activist
604:), is an
581::
340:Phoenicia
305:West Asia
277:romanized
187:, Lebanon
96:Geography
56:take care
3260:Wikinews
3240:Wikidata
2937:Image 31
2914:Image 30
2883:Image 29
2860:Image 28
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2668:City of
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2572:Maronite
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1855:Keserwan
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1197:Abortion
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1032:Arab era
996:articles
687:
661:acquired
657:literary
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587:
410:period.
408:Tanzimat
392:Ottomans
386:and the
384:Ayyubids
376:Crusades
364:Rashidun
327:and the
272:لُبْنَان
131:Religion
39:subpages
3629:Lebanon
3382:portals
3373:Sources
3200:Commons
2982:Lebanon
2892:Lebanon
2574:groups;
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2196:by the
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2181:Image 3
2155:Image 2
2129:Image 1
1982:Falafel
1890:Rayfoun
1839:Taniyus
1693:Somalia
1645:Morocco
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1469:Country
1405:Outline
1329:Cuisine
1307:Culture
1283:Tourism
1243:Economy
1116:Borders
1012:Ancient
1004:History
992:Lebanon
903:English
725:Aramaic
684:العامية
679:closest
677:is the
579:autonym
388:Mamluks
372:Abbasid
368:Umayyad
279::
199:Lebanon
136:Society
106:History
91:Culture
54:Please
2888:Beirut
2771:(from
2645:(from
2618:(from
2616:Beirut
2580:(from
2476:Beirut
2428:(from
2325:(from
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2194:bombed
2135:(from
1866:Byblos
1859:Khazen
1843:Tanius
1763:Cyprus
1609:Kuwait
1597:Jordan
1426:Portal
1376:Sports
1324:Cinema
1270:Pound
1121:Cities
994:
954:Topics
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911:French
701:Arabic
618:Mersin
610:Levant
477:, the
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445:. The
425:. The
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321:Cyprus
313:Israel
301:Levant
283:Lubnān
268:Arabic
185:Byblos
164:
121:People
116:Nature
101:Health
2670:Zahlé
2190:Sidon
1882:Druze
1741:Yemen
1621:Libya
1573:Egypt
1515:Islam
1412:Index
1386:Women
1361:Music
933:Sidon
890:كيفك؟
844:Farah
707:, or
705:Latin
697:slang
622:Hatay
614:Adana
575:Shami
309:Syria
248:
2531:and
2397:The
1870:Matn
1868:and
1657:Oman
1585:Iraq
1481:Asia
1351:Flag
1334:wine
1202:LGBT
947:edit
909:and
673:The
620:and
590:šāmi
584:شامي
370:and
161:edit
2535:in
1892:. (
1841:or
931:in
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632:of
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