553:
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623:(ICRC), then spread to a stock of rubber tires in the port's duty-free zone. Following black smoke rising above the city's skyline, panic broke out due to the fear of another explosion, and motivated people to flee the city, with the addition of the Lebanese governor Marwan Abboud asking the people of Beirut to reduce traffic to roads leading to the port, for the firefighters to act quick with putting off the fires. The fire was brought under control, by fire personnel on the ground and by
435:
367:, occurred at the port, killing at least 218 people, injuring more than 7,000 and rendering 300,000 others homeless. Large sections of the port and its infrastructure were destroyed, including most of Beirut's grain reserves, and billions of dollars in damages were inflicted across the city. The Port of Beirut was forced to close, due to the large-scale damage caused by the explosions, with cargo being redirected to smaller ports, such as
31:
611:, or sell it to a Lebanese explosives company. However, no action was taken to remove the stockpile, as all six letters were ignored. Following the explosions which came from the Port of Beirut, the Government of Lebanon placed 16 Port Officials under house arrest, due to questions on the management of the port.
560:
On 4 August 2020, a series of explosions occurred in the port. At least 204 people were killed (with an additional 3 missing) plus 6,500 were injured; the explosion initially killed several port workers, with the resulting shockwave affecting half of the city, killing several residents in their homes
517:
After the war, the seaport and surrounding area were reconstructed and again became a major seaport. The port is operated and managed by the
Gestion et Exploitation du Port de Beyrouth (GEPB), ("Port Authority of Beirut"). In 1990, the Port of Beirut came under direct ownership of the Government of
446:
rule, the Port was granted to a French
Company, the Compagnie du Port, des Quais et des Entrepôts de Beyrouth (Company of the Port, Quays and Warehouses of Beirut). The Ottoman administration granted further concessions and autonomy to the company, in managing the Port of Beirut, as it became an
561:
and people in buildings and streets. The explosions destroyed large parts of the port, including its warehouses and grain elevator; however, satellite imagery taken after the explosion shows the container port largely intact. As of 14 August, the container port was operating.
607:, but was abandoned by its owners and crew in Beirut. In six letters over the next three years, port customs officials warned Lebanese authorities about the dangers of the storage of the chemical at the port and asked for authorisation to re-export it, turn it over to the
455:. This provided the Port with access to French funding and trade. The Port of Beirut would be continue to be operated by the same French Company, which renamed the Gestion et Exploitation du Port de Beyrouth in 1960.
414:
estimated that tax evasion at the port amounted to more than $ 1.5 billion annually. The port also earns this nickname for its abandonment of cargo and crew. In the aftermath of massive
619:
On 10 September 2020, a large fire erupted in the port area covering the skies of Beirut with toxic gas. The incident occurred in a cooking oil warehouse and food parcels belonging to the
386:, which are at risk of collapse after the 2020 port explosion. On 31 July and 4 August 2022, exactly 2 years after the explosion, the northern parts of the existing grain silos fell down.
581:
that had been stored for the preceding six years at a depot at the port, specifically Hangar 12. The ammonium nitrate had arrived at the port in
September 2013, on board a Russian-owned,
526:
Since
December, 2004, container terminal operations are subcontracted to the private Beirut Container Terminal Consortium (BCTC). The terminal quay was expanded to 1100 m and has 16
819:
534:, and extensive on-shore container handling equipment. In addition to exports and imports, the terminal handles significant container transshipments. Traffic has grown from 945,143
948:
701:
1256:
768:
426:
wrote that the Port, like other aspects of
Lebanese society, suffered from "pervasive culture of negligence, petty corruption and blame-shifting."
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1582:
96:
577:
The initial explosion may have occurred in a fireworks warehouse, while a subsequent larger blast came from 2,750 tons of highly explosive
1435:
682:
1380:
463:
936:
793:
841:
620:
1168:
1151:
1082:"Gestion et Exploitation du Port de Beyrouth (GEPB), Lebanon – Company Information, Key People, Latest News and Contact Details"
1597:
246:
1592:
1577:
1081:
1065:
472:
reported that "not a warehouse or piece of equipment was intact" when the port officially reopened on 15 December 1976. The
1187:
915:
871:
1355:
448:
484:. In 1991, Lebanese Forces that had controlled a pier at the Beirut port were ousted by Lebanese Army forces under
738:
568:. Damage estimates are in the billions of dollars, some estimates reaching $ 15 billion. The cruise ship
1513:
496:
1416:
1295:
1587:
552:
476:, a Christian militia, took control of the port in mid-1986; the militia withdrew in 1989 amid a push from
89:
466:. In 1976, all shipping at the port stopped for nine months due to militia clashes. A 1977 article in the
1486:
556:
Warehouse damaged by the 4 August 2020 explosion, with container terminal gantry cranes in the background
535:
507:
468:
395:
271:
410:
schemes and the undervaluation of imports. In the early 2010s, Public Works and
Transportation Minister
1567:
1460:
1548:
1229:
375:. Prior to the disaster, about 60 percent of Lebanon's imports came through the port, according to an
965:
518:
Lebanon, following the expiration of the company's charter, and continues to be operated by GEPB.
679:
415:
1055:
608:
547:
493:
423:
360:
166:
447:
important harbour in
Lebanon. In 1920, Lebanon came under French Administration, under the
422:, Faysal Itani, a political analyst and deputy director of the Center for Global Policy at
264:
8:
1572:
570:
419:
564:
Up to 300,000 people may have been rendered homeless, according to Beirut City
Governor
315:
1036:
1028:
624:
459:
1540:
1398:
1328:
1138:
721:
1303:
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600:
151:
1020:
578:
368:
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345:
204:
1552:
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1191:
1057:
Border
Disputes: A Global Encyclopedia [3 volumes]: A Global Encyclopedia
686:
473:
452:
333:
1184:
655:
1024:
443:
1269:
492:
to consolidate power in the Beirut area, and coincided with the ouster of the
1561:
1307:
1257:"Satellite imagery shows scale of destruction after explosion at Beirut port"
702:
Cabinet declares state of emergency, port officials placed under house arrest
636:
565:
477:
382:
On 14 April 2022, the
Lebanese government ordered the demolition of Beirut’s
376:
372:
353:
111:
98:
1381:"Großbrand in Beirut gelöscht: Der Präsident spricht von einem Sabotageakt"
794:"Years after civil war's end, half of Beirut damaged in catastrophic blast"
531:
527:
485:
349:
1356:"Beirut port officials placed under house arrest following deadly blasts"
1296:"As Death Toll Rises in Beirut Blast, a Search for Answers and Survivors"
1121:
Johnny Rizq, "Beirut Port: Lebanese Resourcefulness Is Put to the Test,"
489:
481:
411:
399:
1461:"Huge blaze at Beirut port alarms residents a month after massive blast"
1512:
Ghazi Balkiz, Tamara Qiblawi and Eliza Mackintosh (10 September 2020).
1032:
604:
589:
586:
434:
235:
1112:(ed. Steven Heydemann: University of California Press, 2000), p. 294.
1108:
Elizabeth Picard, "The Political Economy of Civil War in Lebanon" in
593:
279:
161:
128:
1417:"New Fire Erupts in Beirut Port, Just Weeks After Devastating Blast"
1204:
1127:
Middle East: The Strategic Hub: A Bibliographic Survey of Literature
1008:
820:"Explosion at Port of Beirut damages grain silos, terminal: reports"
30:
1013:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
769:"Lebanon to place Beirut port officials under house arrest: Live"
582:
407:
403:
341:
306:
291:
249:
72:
67:
937:
Beirut blast: Tracing the explosives that tore the capital apart
511:
174:
82:
842:"Vessels diverted following devastating Beirut port explosion"
1487:"Huge Fire Breaks Out at Beirut Port a Month After Explosion"
739:"After blast, Lebanon has less than a month's grain reserves"
504:
500:
255:
1169:
The port of Beirut: vital, historic centre of a complex city
722:
Lebanon's main port destroyed completely in Beirut explosion
352:. It is one of the largest and busiest ports on the Eastern
1545:
1233:
383:
320:
889:
462:, and various parts of the port were under the control of
1129:, Headquarters, Department of the Army (1978 ed.), p. 98.
872:"What We Know and Don't Know About the Beirut Explosions"
949:
Customs brushes off claims of tax evasion at Beirut Port
916:"New Beirut port silo collapse brings back blast trauma"
438:
The Port of Beirut can be seen in this 2005 aerial view.
1283:
Hundreds of thousands left homeless by Beirut explosion
1110:
War, Institutions, and Social Change in the Middle East
488:; the seizure was part of broader efforts by President
398:" due to longstanding reports of corruption, including
348:
on Beirut's northern Mediterranean coast, west of the
1399:"Beirut fire: Large fire erupts in Beirut port area"
766:
156:Gestion et Exploitation du Port de Beyrouth (GEPB)
1329:"Beirut officials under house arrest after blast"
574:sank in the port after receiving massive damage.
1559:
1436:"Huge fire at Beirut port brought under control"
1152:Army in Lebanon Seizes Militias' Smuggling Ports
697:
695:
1514:"Beirut port ablaze, weeks after massive blast"
767:Regencia, Ted; Alsaafin, Linah; Najjar, Farah.
1205:"Beirut Container Terminal Consortium Website"
1053:
1009:"The Mandate System of the League of Nations"
716:
714:
692:
1139:Christian Militia Withdraws from Beirut Port
1125:, v. 21, n.25 (24 June 1977), 4–5, cited in
890:"Lebanon to demolish blast-hit Beirut silos"
869:
53:
1353:
680:The Economy (Major Sectors of the Economy)
711:
314:
1254:
1104:
1102:
931:
929:
927:
925:
394:The port has been nicknamed the "Cave of
966:Lebanon's Mushroom Cloud of Incompetence
865:
863:
762:
760:
621:International Committee of the Red Cross
614:
551:
541:
458:Much of the port was damaged during the
433:
648:
1560:
1230:"Beirut Container Terminal Consortium"
1141:, Associated Press (23 February 1989).
1099:
922:
822:. S&P Global Platts. 4 August 2020
42:Click on the map for a fullscreen view
1583:Ports and harbours of the Arab League
1006:
860:
757:
521:
187:1.002 km (0.387 sq mi)
16:Port in Lebanon and quarter of Beirut
1546:Beirut Container Terminal Consortium
480:forces under the command of General
321:Beirut Container Terminal Consortium
337:
54:
13:
1433:
1354:D'Agata, Charlie (5 August 2020).
1007:Myers, Denys P. (1 January 1921).
195:1.2 km (0.46 sq mi)
14:
1609:
1534:
449:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
1255:Gostanian, Ali (5 August 2020).
1054:Brunet-Jailly, Emmanuel (2015).
29:
1541:Port of Beirut official website
1505:
1479:
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1409:
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1387:(in German). 11 September 2020.
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1074:
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1000:
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958:
942:
908:
882:
538:in 2008, to 1,229,081 in 2019.
870:Austin Ramzy (5 August 2020).
834:
812:
786:
731:
689:, Lebanese Embassy of the U.S.
673:
363:, caused by improperly stored
200:
1:
1598:Mediterranean container ports
1285:, Al Jazeera (5 August 2020).
939:, Al Jazeera (5 August 2020).
918:. Al Jazeera. 23 August 2022.
642:
389:
1593:Transport in the Arab League
1578:Ports and harbors of Lebanon
627:helicopters dropping water.
7:
1123:Middle East Economic Digest
630:
508:Progressive Socialist Party
503:port and the predominately
469:Middle East Economic Digest
396:Ali Baba and the 40 Thieves
344:on the eastern part of the
10:
1614:
1272:, accessed August 14, 2020
1025:10.1177/000271622109600116
545:
429:
406:duties at the port due to
656:"UNLOCODE (LB) – LEBANON"
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1551:14 November 2021 at the
1190:14 December 2007 at the
685:8 September 2013 at the
418:in 2020, in an apparent
599:. The vessel came from
987:www.portdebeyrouth.com
557:
464:various armed militias
439:
340:) is the main port in
35:Port of Beirut in 2003
615:Fire in the port area
555:
548:2020 Beirut explosion
542:2020 Beirut explosion
437:
424:Georgetown University
167:Government of Lebanon
112:33.90278°N 35.52500°E
1423:. 10 September 2020.
1405:. 10 September 2020.
1270:BCTC Vessel Schedule
846:Container Management
296:$ 163,486,146 (2009)
1588:Transport in Beirut
1493:. 11 September 2020
1467:. 10 September 2020
1236:on 14 November 2021
955:(24 November 2012).
720:Tomas Kristiansen,
420:industrial accident
108: /
1421:The New York Times
1300:The New York Times
625:Lebanese Air Force
603:and was bound for
558:
522:Container terminal
460:Lebanese Civil War
440:
359:On 4 August 2020,
117:33.90278; 35.52500
1568:Economy of Beirut
1440:www.aljazeera.com
1302:. 5 August 2020.
1150:Ihsan A. Hijazi,
1067:978-1-61069-024-9
773:www.aljazeera.com
660:service.unece.org
361:a large explosion
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1434:Azhari, Timour.
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1232:. Archived from
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1195:
1194:, Port of Beirut
1182:
1176:
1175:(5 August 2020).
1173:The Conversation
1167:Sara Fregonese,
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1158:(12 March 1991).
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972:(5 August 2020).
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708:(5 August 2020).
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579:ammonium nitrate
442:In 1887, during
365:ammonium nitrate
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1335:. 6 August 2020
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474:Lebanese Forces
453:Greater Lebanon
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225:Bassem Al Qaisi
222:General Manager
184:Size of harbour
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285:6,699 (2009)
254:5.8 million
247:Annual cargo
241:2,395 (2009)
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1259:. NBC News.
592:called the
490:Elias Hrawi
482:Michel Aoun
412:Ghazi Aridi
384:grain silos
152:Operated by
115: /
90:Coordinates
49:Native name
1573:Free ports
1562:Categories
953:Daily Star
706:Daily Star
643:References
605:Mozambique
590:cargo ship
416:explosions
390:Management
379:estimate.
338:مرفأ بيروت
270:1,229,081
230:Statistics
179:Artificial
103:35°31′30″E
100:33°54′10″N
55:مرفأ بيروت
1497:3 October
1308:0362-4331
1041:144465753
1019:: 74–77.
983:"History"
894:Arab News
510:from the
499:from the
280:Passenger
265:container
214:Employees
129:UN/LOCODE
1549:Archived
1403:BBC News
1365:6 August
1339:6 August
1333:BBC News
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1214:6 August
1188:Archived
1091:6 August
992:6 August
900:14 April
852:6 August
826:5 August
804:5 August
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683:Archived
665:24 April
631:See also
583:Moldovan
514:harbor.
238:arrivals
173:Type of
162:Owned by
79:Location
62:Location
1465:Reuters
1185:History
1033:1014872
798:alaraby
743:Reuters
601:Georgia
587:flagged
444:Ottoman
430:History
408:bribery
404:customs
400:evasion
369:Tripoli
342:Lebanon
302:Website
292:revenue
290:Annual
282:traffic
263:Annual
250:tonnage
175:harbour
138:Details
73:Lebanon
68:Country
1385:web.de
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596:Rhosus
512:Khalde
334:Arabic
274:(2019)
267:volume
258:(2009)
256:tonnes
236:Vessel
205:berths
143:Opened
83:Beirut
1037:S2CID
1029:JSTOR
505:Druze
501:Ouzai
494:Shi'a
133:LBBEY
1525:2020
1499:2020
1473:2020
1447:2020
1367:2020
1341:2020
1315:2020
1304:ISSN
1242:2020
1216:2020
1093:2020
1062:ISBN
994:2020
902:2022
854:2020
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667:2020
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