1457:, president from 2017 to 2021, has also been referred to as a populist. His rhetoric presented him as a leader who "alone can fix" the problems of American politics and represent the "forgotten men and women of our country", with echoes of the populism of Jackson's presidency. Donald Trump's modern populism is argued to show the symbiotic relationship between nationalism and populism. Moreover, the rise of Trump's election was argued by some scholars to represent the "tyranny of the majority", whereby Trump's attacks on liberal and progressive politics allowed him to gain enough voters to win, so he did not need to appease the majority of voters or be a president for "every American".
1040:
1348:
unions. Progressivism, on the other hand, was a later movement. It emerged after the 1890s from the urban business and professional communities. Most of its activists had opposed populism. It was elitist and emphasized education and expertise. Its goals were to enhance efficiency, reduce waste, and enlarge the opportunities for upward social mobility. However, some former
Populists changed their emphasis after 1900 and supported progressive reforms.
1129:" in which they do not focus on appeasing opposing politics but reinforcing their own base. The political scientist Benjamin Moffitt argues that modern-day populists, such as Donald Trump, garner support by radically simplifying the terms of the crises and discussing them in terms of emergency politics, whilst offering a short-term response—appealing to the general public and setting such populists apart from the establishment.
2771:
1114:. However, the modern-day rise of populism on both sides of the political spectrum has been said to have stemmed from voter apathy with the current governmental system and those running it, and, subsequently, populist politics are said to play a constitutive role in political realignments, in which moral boundaries between groups are redrawn and categories of "us" and "them" emerge.
1093:
the establishment. The definition of populism is a complex one as due to its mercurial nature; it has been defined by many different scholars with different focuses, including political, economic, social, and discursive features. Populism is often split into two variants in the US, one with a focus on culture and the other that focuses on economics.
2655:
1331:
of the early 20th century. Most of the
Progressives, such as Theodore Roosevelt, Robert La Follette, and Woodrow Wilson, were bitter enemies of the Populists. In American political rhetoric, "populist" was originally associated with the Populist Party and related left-wing movements, but beginning in
1092:
is an approach to politics which views "the people" as being opposed to "the elite" and is often used as a synonym of anti-establishment; as an ideology, it transcends the typical divisions of left and right and has become more prevalent in the US with the rise of disenfranchisement and apathy toward
1315:
After the 1896 presidential election, the
Populist Party suffered a nationwide collapse. The party nominated presidential candidates in the three presidential elections after 1896, but none came close to matching Weaver's performance in 1892. Former Populists became inactive or joined other parties.
1347:
in Kansas had similarities but different policies and distinct bases of support. Both opposed corruption and trusts. Populism emerged earlier and came out of the farm community. It was radically egalitarian in favor of the disadvantaged classes; it was weak in the towns and cities except in labor
1101:
A division of
American populism into two strains has been suggested: one being an economic form of populism opposed to financial elites, and the other being a cultural populism opposed to intellectual elitism. The economic strain is claimed to have a longer history, including the likes of
1240:
laid out the
Populist platform: collective bargaining, federal regulation of railroad rates, an expansionary monetary policy, and a Sub-Treasury Plan that required the establishment of federally controlled warehouses to aid farmers. Other Populist-endorsed measures included
1468:
has been called a populist from the opposite side of the political spectrum to Trump. However, differences have also been seen between the two. Sanders' populism is opposed to political, corporate, and media elites, especially the US financial industry epitomized by
1394:, proclaiming, "say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever." He also singled out "pointy-headed intellectuals" and "briefcase-toting bureaucrats", leading to his being labeled a populist.
1193:
political party in the United States in the late 19th century. The
Populist Party emerged in the early 1890s as an important force in the Southern and Western United States, but collapsed after it nominated
1145:
was the president from 1829 to 1837 and at the time was called the "People's
President". His time in office was characterized by an opposition to institutions, disestablishing the
2775:
1288:. Over the next four years, the party continued to run state and federal candidates, building up powerful organizations in several Southern and Western states. Before the
1292:, the Populists became increasingly polarized between "fusionists", who wanted to nominate a joint presidential ticket with the Democratic Party, and "mid-roaders", like
1088:
in the 1830s and to the People's Party in the 1890s. It has made a resurgence in modern-day politics in not only the United States but also democracies around the world.
2682:
2134:
1257:. These measures were collectively designed to curb the influence of monopolistic corporate and financial interests and empower small businesses, farmers and laborers.
1382:
was a governor of
Alabama who ran for president four times, seeking the Democratic Party nomination in 1964, 1972, and 1976, as well as being the candidate for the
1117:
Populism has risen in recent years; however, the focus is no longer on the general population protesting against the elites, which was historically the case with
2060:
1250:
1205:. A small faction of the party continued to operate into the first decade of the 20th century, but never matched the popularity of the party in the early 1890s.
2487:
1587:
2085:
1195:
1533:
2623:
1304:, a prominent bimetallist, the Populists also nominated Bryan but rejected the Democratic vice-presidential nominee in favor of party leader
1478:
1157:. Jackson argued that "It is to be regretted that the rich and powerful too often bend the acts of government to their selfish purposes."
1904:
1390:. In 1972, he was shot five times while campaigning and left paralyzed from the waist down. His main political ambition was to protect
1068:
1327:. Scholars also continue to debate the magnitude of influence the Populists exerted on later organizations and movements, such as the
2677:
Fahey, James J. "Building
Populist Discourse: An Analysis of Populist Communication in American Presidential Elections, 1896–2016".
3666:
1437:
1422:
1410:
1387:
1368:
1289:
1261:
1202:
888:
1510:
3826:
3821:
2899:
2706:
1516:
124:
1984:
1949:
1883:
1771:
1503:
2650:
Betz, Hans-Georg. "A distant mirror: Nineteenth-century populism, nativism, and contemporary right-wing radical politics".
2462:
2573:
1297:
2803:
1521:
1328:
1154:
2735:
1835:
1228:, along with the conservatism of both major parties, encouraged Farmers' Alliance leaders to establish a full-fledged
2211:
1337:
1166:
3341:
2672:
566:
3426:
1146:
646:
2598:
2395:
1272:
won 8.5% of the popular vote and carried four small
Western states. Despite the support of labor organizers like
2520:
2243:
1061:
1761:
3624:
3058:
2295:
1363:
and a populist, with his slogan being "every man a king". He advocated for wealth redistribution through the
846:
276:
2755:
Webb, Samuel L. "Southern politics in the age of populism and progressivism: A historiographical essay". in
3140:
1233:
1225:
1085:
358:
3376:
1405:
has also been associated with American populism and has been called a "billionaire populist". He ran as a
601:
3026:
1789:"Populism and the Fall of the Centre-Right in Italy: The End of the Berlusconi Model or a New Beginning?"
1406:
1229:
244:
2345:
3557:
1735:
1383:
1285:
779:
3790:
3697:
3552:
1359:
was the governor of Louisiana (1928–1932) and a US senator (1932–1935). He has been referred to as a
1054:
1016:
921:
774:
3316:
541:
3562:
3431:
3226:
3115:
2321:
1490:
1281:
784:
651:
446:
333:
3191:
2186:
411:
3702:
3336:
1126:
926:
561:
3276:
1875:
501:
3748:
3629:
3231:
3211:
2951:
2841:
2796:
1941:
1863:
1301:
1198:
1122:
1107:
974:
851:
451:
431:
176:
59:
2370:
1929:
3671:
3356:
1254:
893:
581:
3386:
2503:
611:
3738:
3572:
3536:
3105:
3073:
3041:
3031:
2941:
2687:
Goebel, Thomas. "The political economy of American populism from Jackson to the New Deal".
2491:
1293:
1209:
964:
794:
756:
323:
291:
259:
249:
166:
3582:
2548:
2135:"Donald Trump's presidency has a disturbing parallel in the political career of Huey Long"
1571:
1554:
804:
8:
3636:
3150:
3135:
3130:
3120:
2856:
1436:
was the governor of Alaska from 2006 to 2009 and the vice-presidential candidate for the
1324:
1316:
Debs became a socialist leader. Bryan dropped any connection to the rump Populist Party.
1296:, who favored the continuation of the Populists as an independent third party. After the
1277:
858:
368:
353:
348:
338:
74:
3593:
815:
3692:
3687:
3651:
3481:
3451:
3421:
3416:
3175:
3093:
2836:
2574:"Steve Hilton: Don't believe the pundits – Bernie Sanders is not a populist like Trump"
1816:
1687:
1640:
1391:
1333:
916:
911:
873:
701:
671:
641:
636:
393:
311:
54:
3346:
1319:
Historians see the Populists as a reaction to the power of corporate interests in the
571:
3780:
3361:
3296:
3201:
3145:
3110:
3088:
2831:
2789:
2443:
2219:
1945:
1879:
1820:
1808:
1767:
1679:
1632:
1595:
1006:
586:
521:
421:
363:
328:
306:
49:
23:
3501:
3381:
3306:
721:
606:
531:
3728:
3616:
3606:
3511:
3491:
3486:
3396:
3068:
2866:
2746:
2499:
2433:
1937:
1871:
1800:
1671:
1566:
1486:
1364:
1309:
1305:
954:
838:
828:
731:
711:
706:
286:
84:
3466:
2162:
1788:
1660:"Clarifying a Contested Concept: Populism in the Study of Latin American Politics"
686:
3763:
3656:
3646:
3600:
3516:
3291:
3271:
3241:
3021:
2861:
2846:
1804:
1474:
1344:
1265:
1217:
1044:
989:
878:
868:
822:
736:
516:
496:
461:
239:
79:
64:
3436:
1706:
656:
3800:
3506:
3476:
3471:
3461:
3391:
3321:
3311:
3246:
3216:
3206:
3165:
3078:
2851:
2826:
2271:
1465:
1379:
1273:
1269:
1142:
1111:
1103:
1026:
726:
696:
691:
681:
616:
546:
536:
471:
436:
426:
383:
296:
69:
44:
3577:
3531:
3326:
3251:
1343:
According to Gene Clanton's study of Kansas from 1880s to 1910s, populism and
1308:. In the 1896 election, Bryan swept the South and West but lost to Republican
1125:, whereby a simple majority is the goal of politicians and thus leads to the "
799:
751:
551:
476:
3815:
3526:
3521:
3441:
3406:
3366:
3331:
3261:
3256:
3160:
3155:
3046:
3036:
2703:
The relationship between immigration and nativism in Europe and North America
2447:
2223:
1812:
1683:
1636:
1599:
1413:, gaining 19 million votes. Among his policy proposals was the instalment of
1237:
746:
741:
661:
626:
591:
556:
486:
481:
466:
378:
373:
264:
254:
3456:
2904:
676:
129:
3496:
3401:
3281:
3236:
3196:
3100:
2882:
2046:
Gene Clanton, "Populism, Progressivism, and Equality: The Kansas Paradigm"
1454:
1418:
1150:
716:
621:
506:
456:
416:
318:
102:
2741:
McMath, Robert C. "C. Vann Woodward and the burden of southern populism".
1440:. She has been referred to as a cultural populist in the vein of Wallace.
3758:
3446:
3411:
3286:
3266:
3170:
3052:
3016:
2961:
2914:
2887:
2422:"Populism Revived: Donald Trump and the Latin American Leftist Populists"
2022:
A Populist Reader: Selections from the Works of American Populist Leaders
1470:
1433:
1414:
1323:, but they debate the degree to which the Populists were anti-modern and
1242:
1187:
984:
666:
631:
511:
491:
388:
270:
234:
186:
139:
107:
2438:
2421:
2109:
1644:
1620:
1485:
in 2018. Other populist Democratic politicians in Sanders' vein include
1039:
3733:
3611:
3587:
3351:
3301:
2990:
2921:
2750:
2724:
1402:
1320:
1246:
1221:
1213:
959:
833:
809:
576:
526:
206:
146:
1691:
1659:
1110:, while cultural populism is recognized as starting in the 1960s with
3795:
3775:
3743:
3723:
3641:
3567:
3371:
3063:
2980:
2931:
1477:. When he did not win the Democratic nomination for president in the
1360:
1356:
1332:
the 1950s it began to take on a more generic meaning, describing any
1184:
1021:
1001:
969:
949:
863:
789:
596:
281:
196:
156:
112:
2110:""He's a Demagogue, That's What He Is": Hodding Carter on Huey Long"
1930:"Understanding Contemporary Populism: Populism as a Political Style"
1280:, the party largely failed to win the vote of urban laborers in the
3785:
3770:
3753:
3221:
3125:
3000:
2995:
2985:
2967:
2956:
2936:
2926:
2893:
2812:
1675:
1449:
1190:
1118:
1089:
1011:
996:
979:
441:
343:
216:
211:
201:
181:
161:
151:
118:
30:
3083:
2946:
2909:
1482:
1481:, he was re-elected as an independent senator for his home state
301:
171:
134:
2624:"Bernie Sanders gives Democrats firepower with populist message"
2490:; Taggart, Paul; Espejo, Paulina Ochoa; Ostiguy, Pierre (eds.).
1212:, an agrarian movement that promoted economic action during the
3661:
2975:
2770:
883:
191:
2781:
1905:"The origins of populism: bogus-democracy and capitalism"
1421:
later considered running for Perot's Reform party in the
1864:"Conclusion: populism and democracy in a globalised age"
1534:
Donald Trump and American Populism by Richard S. Conley
2669:
In Defense of Populism: Protest and American Democracy
1971:
The First Populist: The Defiant Life of Andrew Jackson
2719:
Holmes, William F. "Populism: In search of context".
2009:
Populism: The Humane Preference in America, 1890–1900
1836:"What is populism – and why is it so hard to define?"
1224:. The success of Farmers' Alliance candidates in the
2371:"Ross Perot was the populist who betrayed populism"
2086:"'Every Man a King': Huey Long's Troubled Populism"
2734:(Oxford University Press, 2019), global coverage;
2671:(2020), interpretations by conservative scholar;
1870:, Manchester University Press, pp. 203–208,
1857:
1855:
1367:initiative. After announcing a bid to run in the
1253:, a shorter workweek, and the establishment of a
1132:
3813:
2350:Pew Research Center – U.S. Politics & Policy
2084:Foundation, Constitutional Rights (2020-07-09).
2521:"Bernie Sanders: Populist or Not? by Leon Chin"
2212:"Sanders, Trump et al: Partying Like It's 1968"
2696:American populism: A social history, 1877–1898
1852:
2797:
2542:
2540:
1936:, Stanford University Press, pp. 28–50,
1062:
2061:"Long campaigned as a populist before Trump"
1985:"What Trump could learn from Andrew Jackson"
1479:2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries
1220:, an earlier third party that had advocated
2419:
2266:
2264:
2160:
1787:Fella, Stefano; Ruzza, Carlo (March 2013).
1336:movement regardless of its position on the
2804:
2790:
2537:
2396:"Quillen: Sarah Palin and modern populism"
2083:
1786:
1160:
1069:
1055:
2730:Kaltwasser, Cristobal Rovira et al. eds.
2689:Studies in American Political Development
2437:
2163:"Presidents and Populism: George Wallace"
1876:10.7228/manchester/9780719077715.003.0009
1868:Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution
1570:
2745:67.4 (2001): 741–768. historiography of
2485:
2460:
2261:
1942:10.11126/stanford/9780804796132.003.0003
1793:Journal of Contemporary European Studies
1588:"Why is populism suddenly all the rage?"
1585:
1438:2008 United States presidential election
1423:2000 United States presidential election
1411:1992 United States presidential election
1388:1968 United States presidential election
1369:1936 United States presidential election
1203:1896 United States presidential election
2037:(1994) has 19 excerpts from historians.
1927:
1657:
1618:
1511:The Paranoid Style in American Politics
1417:for direct democratic decision-making.
3814:
2571:
2546:
2132:
1861:
1759:
1704:
1621:"Populism: A Semantic Identity Crisis"
1552:
1517:Political culture of the United States
1208:The Populist Party's roots lay in the
2785:
2599:"Bernie Sanders and the New Populism"
2515:
2513:
2504:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803560.013.18
2272:"Two Views Of The Tea Party's Appeal"
2156:
2154:
1572:10.1146/annurev-polisci-041719-102503
1546:
1504:Anti-intellectualism in American Life
2420:de la Torre, Carlos (October 2018).
2296:"Palin's populism bridge to nowhere"
2209:
1982:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1555:"The Causes of Populism in the West"
2621:
2596:
2319:
1527:
1298:1896 Democratic National Convention
13:
2664:(Edinburgh University Press. 2020)
2662:Donald Trump and American Populism
2644:
2510:
2151:
1559:Annual Review of Political Science
1522:Working class in the United States
1155:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
3838:
2763:
2757:A Companion to the American South
2713:
2486:de Cleen, Benjamin (2017-11-06).
1833:
1723:
1586:Rooduijn, Matthijs (2018-11-20).
1460:
1374:
1137:
2769:
1928:Moffitt, Benjamin (2016-06-01),
1736:"Quillen: Two forms of populism"
1147:Second Bank of the United States
1038:
2732:The Oxford Handbook of Populism
2615:
2590:
2565:
2479:
2454:
2413:
2388:
2363:
2338:
2313:
2288:
2236:
2203:
2179:
2126:
2102:
2077:
2053:
2040:
2027:
2014:
2001:
1976:
1963:
1921:
1897:
1443:
2244:"Gore's Two Kinds of Populism"
2210:Seib, Gerald F. (2015-08-31).
1827:
1780:
1753:
1698:
1651:
1612:
1579:
1428:
1167:People's Party (United States)
1133:Populists in American politics
1:
3827:Politics of the United States
3822:Populism in the United States
3059:Criticism of multiculturalism
2776:Populism in the United States
2133:Mercer, Adrian (2018-04-26).
1625:The Virginia Quarterly Review
1553:Berman, Sheri (11 May 2021).
1539:
1397:
1338:left–right political spectrum
1082:Populism in the United States
277:Criticism of multiculturalism
2811:
2622:Tan, Anjelica (2020-01-16).
2572:Hilton, Steve (2020-02-24).
2488:Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal
2461:Friedman, Uri (2017-02-27).
2322:"Pols, Pols, & Populism"
2187:"The George Wallace of 2016"
1862:Cannon, Barry (2009-12-01),
1805:10.1080/14782804.2013.766475
1473:, as well as the wealthiest
1351:
1086:Presidency of Andrew Jackson
7:
2743:Journal of Southern History
2020:George Brown Tindall, ed.,
1973:(Simon and Schuster, 2022).
1934:The Global Rise of Populism
1705:Rodrik, Dani (2019-10-29).
1619:TINDALL, GEORGE B. (1972).
1496:
1251:direct election of Senators
1096:
10:
3843:
3558:Ukrainian national revival
2525:www.democratic-erosion.com
2492:"Populism and Nationalism"
2167:Presidential History Geeks
2161:potus_geeks (2017-03-19).
1447:
1384:American Independent Party
1290:1896 presidential election
1262:1892 presidential election
1164:
780:Ukrainian national revival
3716:
3680:
3553:Anti-Administration party
3545:
3184:
3009:
2875:
2819:
2705:(Washington press, 2012)
2681:102.4 (2021): 1268–1288.
1264:, the Populist ticket of
775:Anti-Administration party
3667:Election of Donald Trump
2679:Social Science Quarterly
2050:(1977) 51#3 pp. 559–581.
2033:William F. Holmes, ed.,
1760:Laclau, Ernesto (2005).
1707:"Many forms of populism"
1491:Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
889:Election of Donald Trump
2496:Oxford Handbooks Online
1371:, he was assassinated.
1161:Populist Party in 1890s
1127:tyranny of the majority
3749:Democratic backsliding
2952:Jeffersonian democracy
2652:Democracy and Security
2346:"Year of the Outsider"
2114:historymatters.gmu.edu
1658:Weyland, Kurt (2001).
1312:by a decisive margin.
1302:William Jennings Bryan
1199:William Jennings Bryan
1153:), and disobeying the
1123:political polarization
1108:William Jennings Bryan
975:Democratic backsliding
177:Jeffersonian democracy
3672:Yellow vests protests
2691:11.1 (1997): 109–148.
2667:Critchlow, Donald T.
2654:9.3 (2013): 200–220.
2463:"What Is a Populist?"
1255:postal savings system
1121:, but rather on more
894:Yellow vests protests
3739:Classical radicalism
3106:Grassroots democracy
3074:Economic nationalism
3032:Anti-intellectualism
2942:Jacksonian democracy
2778:at Wikimedia Commons
2721:Agricultural History
2048:Agricultural History
1664:Comparative Politics
1294:Mary Elizabeth Lease
1175:, also known as the
1084:reaches back to the
965:Classical radicalism
324:Grassroots democracy
292:Economic nationalism
250:Anti-intellectualism
167:Jacksonian democracy
3637:Revolutions of 1989
3362:Le Pen (Jean-Marie)
3342:Kirchner (Cristina)
3151:Popular sovereignty
3136:Natural aristocracy
2723:64.4 (1990): 26–58
2660:Conley, Richard S.
2549:"What is Populism?"
2547:Suzdaltsev, Jules.
2439:10.1017/tam.2018.39
2216:Wall Street Journal
1983:Reynolds, David S.
1278:Terence V. Powderly
1045:Politics portal
859:Revolutions of 1989
587:Le Pen (Jean-Marie)
567:Kirchner (Cristina)
369:Popular sovereignty
354:Natural aristocracy
3652:Tea Party movement
3176:Welfare chauvinism
3094:Anti-establishment
3027:Anti-globalization
2738:, ch 12 and passim
2694:McMath, Robert C.
1763:On Populist Reason
1334:anti-establishment
874:Tea Party movement
394:Welfare chauvinism
312:Anti-establishment
245:Anti-globalization
3809:
3808:
3781:Paleoconservatism
3583:Völkisch movement
3573:Farmers' Alliance
3347:Kirchner (Néstor)
3146:Popular democracy
3111:Identity politics
3089:The Establishment
2774:Media related to
2035:American Populism
1951:978-0-8047-9613-2
1885:978-0-7190-7771-5
1773:978-1-85984-651-3
1409:candidate in the
1216:, as well as the
1210:Farmers' Alliance
1079:
1078:
1007:Paleoconservatism
805:Völkisch movement
795:Farmers' Alliance
572:Kirchner (Néstor)
364:Popular democracy
329:Identity politics
307:The Establishment
16:Political concept
3834:
3791:Radical centrism
3729:Authoritarianism
3617:Share Our Wealth
3607:Great Depression
3069:Direct democracy
2806:
2799:
2792:
2783:
2782:
2773:
2759:(2002): 321–335.
2747:C. Vann Woodward
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2517:
2508:
2507:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2441:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2320:Yoachum, Susan.
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2057:
2051:
2044:
2038:
2031:
2025:
2018:
2012:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1980:
1974:
1969:David S. Brown,
1967:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1859:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1840:The Conversation
1831:
1825:
1824:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1732:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1550:
1528:External sources
1487:Elizabeth Warren
1365:Share Our Wealth
1310:William McKinley
1306:Thomas E. Watson
1071:
1064:
1057:
1043:
1042:
1017:Radical centrism
955:Authoritarianism
839:Share Our Wealth
829:Great Depression
287:Direct democracy
19:
18:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3712:
3676:
3657:Occupy movement
3647:Great Recession
3601:Radiosomaggismo
3541:
3367:Le Pen (Marine)
3180:
3022:Anti-corruption
3005:
2871:
2815:
2810:
2766:
2716:
2647:
2645:Further reading
2642:
2641:
2632:
2630:
2620:
2616:
2607:
2605:
2597:Cassidy, John.
2595:
2591:
2582:
2580:
2570:
2566:
2557:
2555:
2545:
2538:
2529:
2527:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2484:
2480:
2471:
2469:
2459:
2455:
2418:
2414:
2405:
2403:
2400:The Denver Post
2394:
2393:
2389:
2380:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2355:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2330:
2328:
2318:
2314:
2305:
2303:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2280:
2278:
2270:
2269:
2262:
2253:
2251:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2228:
2226:
2208:
2204:
2195:
2193:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2171:
2169:
2159:
2152:
2143:
2141:
2131:
2127:
2118:
2116:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2094:
2092:
2082:
2078:
2069:
2067:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2045:
2041:
2032:
2028:
2019:
2015:
2011:(Twayne, 1991).
2006:
2002:
1993:
1991:
1981:
1977:
1968:
1964:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1926:
1922:
1913:
1911:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1860:
1853:
1844:
1842:
1832:
1828:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1758:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1740:The Denver Post
1734:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1713:
1703:
1699:
1656:
1652:
1617:
1613:
1604:
1602:
1584:
1580:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1530:
1499:
1463:
1452:
1446:
1431:
1400:
1377:
1354:
1266:James B. Weaver
1218:Greenback Party
1169:
1163:
1140:
1135:
1099:
1075:
1037:
1032:
1031:
945:
937:
936:
907:
899:
898:
879:Occupy movement
869:Great Recession
823:Radiosomaggismo
770:
762:
761:
592:Le Pen (Marine)
407:
399:
398:
240:Anti-corruption
230:
222:
221:
98:
90:
89:
40:
24:Politics series
17:
12:
11:
5:
3840:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3801:Third Position
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3717:Related topics
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3621:Radical right
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3166:Social justice
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3086:
3081:
3079:Egalitarianism
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2765:
2764:External links
2762:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2739:
2728:
2715:
2714:Historiography
2712:
2711:
2710:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2675:
2665:
2658:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2614:
2603:The New Yorker
2589:
2564:
2536:
2509:
2478:
2453:
2432:(4): 733–753.
2412:
2387:
2362:
2337:
2312:
2287:
2260:
2248:Slate Magazine
2235:
2202:
2178:
2150:
2125:
2101:
2076:
2052:
2039:
2026:
2013:
2007:Gene Clanton,
2000:
1975:
1962:
1950:
1920:
1896:
1884:
1851:
1826:
1779:
1772:
1752:
1722:
1697:
1676:10.2307/422412
1650:
1631:(4): 501–518.
1611:
1578:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1507:
1498:
1495:
1466:Bernie Sanders
1462:
1461:Bernie Sanders
1459:
1445:
1442:
1430:
1427:
1399:
1396:
1380:George Wallace
1376:
1375:George Wallace
1373:
1353:
1350:
1274:Eugene V. Debs
1270:James G. Field
1245:, a graduated
1234:1892 elections
1226:1890 elections
1179:or simply the
1177:Populist Party
1173:People's Party
1165:Main article:
1162:
1159:
1143:Andrew Jackson
1139:
1138:Andrew Jackson
1136:
1134:
1131:
1112:George Wallace
1104:Andrew Jackson
1098:
1095:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1027:Third Position
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
993:
992:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
946:
944:Related topics
943:
942:
939:
938:
935:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
908:
905:
904:
901:
900:
897:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
855:
854:
849:
843:Radical right
841:
836:
831:
826:
819:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
771:
768:
767:
764:
763:
760:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
408:
405:
404:
401:
400:
397:
396:
391:
386:
384:Social justice
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
315:
314:
304:
299:
297:Egalitarianism
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
231:
228:
227:
224:
223:
220:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
143:
142:
132:
127:
122:
115:
110:
105:
99:
96:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
41:
38:
37:
34:
33:
27:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3839:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3708:United States
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3698:Latin America
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3625:United States
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3432:Ocasio-Cortez
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3161:Protectionism
3159:
3157:
3156:Post-politics
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3116:Law and order
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3047:Common people
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:Anti-politics
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2842:Macroeconomic
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2807:
2802:
2800:
2795:
2793:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2541:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2468:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2376:
2375:Spectator USA
2372:
2366:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2301:
2300:Boston Herald
2297:
2291:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2155:
2140:
2136:
2129:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2049:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2023:
2017:
2010:
2004:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1966:
1953:
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1909:openDemocracy
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379:Protectionism
377:
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374:Post-politics
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255:Anti-politics
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60:Macroeconomic
58:
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36:
35:
32:
29:
28:
25:
21:
20:
3707:
3599:
3592:
3101:General will
3051:
2966:
2892:
2883:Berlusconism
2756:
2742:
2731:
2720:
2702:
2701:Mudde, Cas.
2695:
2688:
2678:
2668:
2661:
2651:
2631:. Retrieved
2627:
2617:
2606:. Retrieved
2602:
2592:
2581:. Retrieved
2577:
2567:
2556:. Retrieved
2552:
2528:. Retrieved
2524:
2495:
2481:
2470:. Retrieved
2467:The Atlantic
2466:
2456:
2429:
2426:The Americas
2425:
2415:
2404:. Retrieved
2402:. 2009-07-07
2399:
2390:
2379:. Retrieved
2377:. 2019-07-09
2374:
2365:
2354:. Retrieved
2352:. 1992-06-16
2349:
2340:
2329:. Retrieved
2326:Mother Jones
2325:
2315:
2304:. Retrieved
2302:. 2010-02-18
2299:
2290:
2279:. Retrieved
2276:www.wbur.org
2275:
2252:. Retrieved
2250:. 2000-09-01
2247:
2238:
2227:. Retrieved
2215:
2205:
2194:. Retrieved
2190:
2181:
2170:. Retrieved
2166:
2142:. Retrieved
2138:
2128:
2117:. Retrieved
2113:
2104:
2093:. Retrieved
2089:
2079:
2068:. Retrieved
2064:
2055:
2047:
2042:
2034:
2029:
2021:
2016:
2008:
2003:
1992:. Retrieved
1988:
1978:
1970:
1965:
1955:, retrieved
1933:
1923:
1912:. Retrieved
1908:
1899:
1889:, retrieved
1867:
1843:. Retrieved
1839:
1829:
1799:(1): 38–52.
1796:
1792:
1782:
1762:
1755:
1744:. Retrieved
1742:. 2010-02-04
1739:
1714:. Retrieved
1710:
1700:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1603:. Retrieved
1592:The Guardian
1591:
1581:
1565:(1): 71–88.
1562:
1558:
1548:
1509:
1502:
1464:
1455:Donald Trump
1453:
1444:Donald Trump
1432:
1419:Donald Trump
1401:
1378:
1355:
1342:
1329:progressives
1318:
1314:
1259:
1207:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1151:central bank
1141:
1116:
1100:
1081:
1080:
931:
821:
814:
319:General will
269:
117:
103:Berlusconism
22:Part of the
3759:Nationalism
3703:New Zealand
3594:Sămănătorul
3578:Chłopomania
3537:Zhirinovsky
3357:La Follette
3185:Politicians
3171:Wedge issue
3053:Continuismo
3017:Agrarianism
2962:Kirchnerism
2888:Bonapartism
1670:(1): 1–22.
1475:one percent
1471:Wall Street
1434:Sarah Palin
1429:Sarah Palin
1415:e-democracy
1407:third party
1392:segregation
1243:bimetallism
1232:before the
1230:third party
985:Nationalism
927:New Zealand
816:Sămănătorul
800:Chłopomania
757:Zhirinovsky
582:La Follette
406:Politicians
389:Wedge issue
271:Continuismo
235:Agrarianism
187:Kirchnerism
108:Bonapartism
3816:Categories
3734:Chauvinism
3612:Vargas Era
3588:Gilded Age
3482:Shinawatra
3452:Papandreou
3202:Berlusconi
2991:Poporanism
2922:Fortuynism
2905:Erdoğanism
2876:Ideologies
2857:Right-wing
2633:2020-12-01
2608:2020-12-01
2583:2020-12-01
2558:2020-12-01
2530:2020-12-01
2472:2020-12-06
2406:2020-12-02
2381:2020-12-01
2356:2020-12-01
2331:2020-12-01
2306:2020-12-02
2281:2020-12-01
2254:2020-12-01
2229:2020-12-02
2196:2020-12-01
2172:2020-12-01
2144:2020-12-01
2119:2020-12-01
2095:2020-12-01
2070:2020-12-01
1994:2020-12-02
1957:2021-01-31
1914:2021-01-31
1891:2021-01-31
1845:2021-01-31
1746:2020-12-02
1716:2021-01-31
1605:2021-01-31
1540:References
1448:See also:
1403:Ross Perot
1398:Ross Perot
1321:Gilded Age
1300:nominated
1247:income tax
1222:fiat money
1214:Gilded Age
960:Chauvinism
834:Vargas Era
810:Gilded Age
702:Shinawatra
672:Papandreou
422:Berlusconi
207:Poporanism
147:Fortuynism
130:Erdoğanism
97:Ideologies
75:Right-wing
3796:Socialism
3776:New Right
3744:Communism
3724:Alt-right
3681:By region
3642:Pink tide
3568:Narodniks
3422:Netanyahu
3387:Mélenchon
3337:Kaczyński
3297:de Gaulle
3227:Boulanger
3222:Bonaparte
3217:Bolsonaro
3141:Pluralism
2981:Nasserism
2932:Hansonism
2900:Dutertism
2837:Left-wing
2448:0003-1615
2224:0099-9660
2191:Roll Call
1821:153754762
1813:1478-2804
1766:. Verso.
1711:VoxEU.org
1684:0010-4159
1637:0042-675X
1600:0261-3077
1361:demagogue
1357:Huey Long
1352:Huey Long
1286:Northeast
1185:left-wing
1181:Populists
1022:Socialism
1002:New Right
970:Communism
950:Alt-right
906:By region
864:Pink tide
790:Narodniks
642:Netanyahu
612:Mélenchon
562:Kaczyński
522:de Gaulle
447:Boulanger
442:Bonaparte
437:Bolsonaro
359:Pluralism
197:Nasserism
157:Hansonism
125:Dutertism
113:Caesarism
55:Left-wing
3786:Putinism
3771:New Left
3754:Georgism
3492:Subianto
3397:McKinley
3317:Iglesias
3247:Castillo
3237:Buchanan
3131:Nativism
3126:Mob rule
3121:Localism
3064:Demagogy
3042:Backlash
3010:Concepts
3001:Trumpism
2996:Qasimism
2986:Peronism
2968:Relato K
2957:Kemalism
2937:Hindutva
2927:Gaullism
2894:Chavismo
2832:Judicial
2820:Variants
2813:Populism
2578:Fox News
2024:(1966).
1645:26443307
1497:See also
1450:Trumpism
1325:nativist
1284:and the
1196:Democrat
1191:populist
1188:agrarian
1183:, was a
1119:populism
1097:Overview
1090:Populism
1012:Putinism
997:New Left
980:Georgism
712:Subianto
542:Iglesias
472:Castillo
457:Buchanan
349:Nativism
344:Mob rule
339:Localism
282:Demagogy
260:Backlash
229:Concepts
217:Trumpism
212:Qasimism
202:Peronism
182:Kemalism
162:Hindutva
152:Gaullism
119:Chavismo
50:Judicial
39:Variants
31:Populism
3563:Hromada
3546:History
3522:Wilders
3507:Wallace
3477:Sanders
3472:Salvini
3467:Quadros
3427:Obrador
3412:Morales
3332:Johnson
3322:Jackson
3292:Gaddafi
3287:Fortuyn
3277:Erdoğan
3272:Duterte
3212:Billing
3207:Bernier
3192:Atatürk
3084:Elitism
2947:Janismo
2910:Fascism
2867:Valence
2736:excerpt
2698:(1993).
2673:excerpt
2628:TheHill
2065:Newsday
1483:Vermont
1386:in the
1282:Midwest
1260:In the
1201:in the
785:Hromada
769:History
742:Wilders
727:Wallace
697:Sanders
692:Salvini
687:Quadros
647:Obrador
632:Morales
557:Johnson
547:Jackson
517:Gaddafi
512:Fortuyn
502:Erdoğan
497:Duterte
432:Billing
427:Bernier
412:Atatürk
302:Elitism
172:Janismo
135:Fascism
85:Valence
3693:Europe
3688:Canada
3662:Brexit
3630:Europe
3517:Weaver
3512:Warren
3502:Vargas
3462:Peters
3442:Ortega
3417:Nasser
3392:Meloni
3382:Maduro
3312:Humala
3307:Hébert
3282:Farage
3262:Correa
3257:Corbyn
3252:Chávez
3242:Butler
3197:Bannon
2976:Lulism
2862:Techno
2847:Market
2751:online
2725:online
2707:online
2683:online
2656:online
2553:Seeker
2446:
2222:
2090:Medium
1948:
1882:
1819:
1811:
1770:
1692:422412
1690:
1682:
1643:
1635:
1598:
1236:. The
917:Europe
912:Canada
884:Brexit
852:Europe
737:Weaver
732:Warren
722:Vargas
682:Peters
662:Ortega
637:Nasser
617:Meloni
607:Maduro
537:Humala
532:Hébert
507:Farage
487:Correa
482:Corbyn
477:Chávez
467:Caesar
462:Butler
417:Bannon
192:Lulism
80:Techno
65:Market
3532:Zeman
3497:Trump
3487:Stere
3457:Perón
3447:Palin
3437:Orbán
3402:Milei
3327:Janša
3232:Bryan
2852:Penal
2827:Black
2139:USAPP
1817:S2CID
1688:JSTOR
1641:JSTOR
752:Zeman
717:Trump
707:Stere
677:Perón
667:Palin
657:Orbán
622:Milei
552:Janša
452:Bryan
70:Penal
45:Black
3527:Yoon
3407:Modi
3377:Lula
3372:Long
3352:Khan
3267:Dean
2749:see
2444:ISSN
2220:ISSN
1946:ISBN
1880:ISBN
1809:ISSN
1768:ISBN
1680:ISSN
1633:ISSN
1596:ISSN
1489:and
1276:and
1268:and
1171:The
1106:and
747:Yoon
627:Modi
602:Lula
597:Long
577:Khan
492:Dean
3764:Neo
3302:Han
2915:Neo
2500:doi
2434:doi
1989:CNN
1938:doi
1872:doi
1801:doi
1672:doi
1567:doi
1149:(a
990:Neo
527:Han
140:Neo
3818::
2626:.
2601:.
2576:.
2551:.
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2523:.
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2498:.
2494:.
2465:.
2442:.
2430:75
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2274:.
2263:^
2246:.
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2214:.
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2088:.
2063:.
1987:.
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1932:,
1907:.
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1866:,
1854:^
1838:.
1815:.
1807:.
1797:21
1795:.
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1738:.
1725:^
1709:.
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1666:.
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1627:.
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