18646:, p. 430: "That said, and ever since the initial Eastern seaboard settler wars against the Tsenacommacahs and Pequots in the 1620s and early 1630s, systematic genocidal massacre was a core component of native destruction throughout three centuries of largely 'Anglo' expansion across continental North America. The culmination of this process from the mid-1860s to mid-1880s ... native Araucanian resistance by the Argentinian and Chilean military in the Southern Cone pampas, primarily in the agribusiness interest. In Australia, too, 'Anglo' attrition or outright liquidation of Aborigines from the time of 'first contact' in 1788 reached its zenith in Queensland in these same decades, as a dedicated Native Mounted Police strove to cleanse the territory of indigenous tribes in favour of further millions of cattle stock. Undoubtedly, in all these instances, Western racism and contempt for natives as 'savages' played a critical role in psychocultural justifications for genocide"
22103:
14271:
13647:
social stress, all making people more vulnerable to pathogens. Repeated epidemics created additional trauma and population loss, which in turn disrupted the provision of healthcare." Such conditions would continue, alongside rampant disease in Native communities, throughout colonization, the formation of the United States, and multiple forced removals, as Ostler explains that many scholars "have yet to come to grips with how U.S. expansion created conditions that made Native communities acutely vulnerable to pathogens and how severely disease impacted them. ... Historians continue to ignore the catastrophic impact of disease and its relationship to U.S. policy and action even when it is right before their eyes."
18670:, pp. 27, 38: "More than any other work, Wolfe’s seminal 2006 essay, 'Settler colonialism and the elimination of the Native' established the 'centrality of dispossession' to our understandings of Indigenous genocide in the context of settler colonialism. His definition of 'settler colonialism' spoke directly to Genocide Studies scholars"; "With these works, a near consensus emerged. By most scholarly definitions and consistent with the UN Convention, these scholars all asserted that genocide against at least some Indigenous peoples had occurred in North America following colonisation, perpetuated first by colonial empires and then by independent nation-states"
13896:
13664:
13659:...Despite frequent undocumented assertions that disease was responsible for the great majority of indigenous deaths in the Americas, there does not exist a single scholarly work that even pretends to demonstrate this claim on the basis of solid evidence. And that is because there is no such evidence, anywhere. The supposed truism that more native people died from disease than from direct face-to-face killing or from gross mistreatment or other concomitant derivatives of that brutality such as starvation, exposure, exhaustion, or despair is nothing more than a scholarly article of faith...
31:
19918:
14002:
13888:
23238:
175:), the lowest estimates give a population decrease from all causes of 80% by the end of the 17th century (nine million people in 1650). Latin America would match its 15th-century population early in the 19th century; it numbered 17 million in 1800, 30 million in 1850, 61 million in 1900, 105 million in 1930, 218 million in 1960, 361 million in 1980, and 563 million in 2005. In the last three decades of the 16th century, the population of present-day Mexico dropped to about one million people. The
13740:
likely went unreported, and it is possible that documents relating to such acts were deliberately destroyed, or sanitized. By the middle of the 18th century, colonists had the knowledge and technology to attempt biological warfare with the smallpox virus. They well understood the concept of quarantine, and that contact with the sick could infect the healthy with smallpox, and those who survived the illness would not be infected again. Whether the threats were carried out, or how effective individual attempts were, is uncertain.
14257:
18682:, p. 622: "These mass killings represent turning points in the history of the Spanish Atlantic conquest and share important characteristics. Each targeted Amerindian communities. Each was entirely or partially planned and executed by European actors, namely Spanish military entrepreneurs under the leadership of friar Nicolás de Ovando, Hernán Cortés and Pedro de Alvarado respectively. Each event can be described as a 'genocidal massacre' targeting a specific community because of its membership of a larger group"
20612:
13808:"was guilty of contributing to the deaths of thousands of innocent people. The law calls his offense criminal negligence. Yet in light of all the deaths, the almost complete annihilation of the Mandans, and the terrible suffering the region endured, the label criminal negligence is benign, hardly befitting an action that had such horrendous consequences." However, some sources attribute the 1836–40 epidemic to the deliberate communication of smallpox to Native Americans, with historian Ann F. Ramenofsky writing, "
13596:, "In recent decades, however, researchers challenge the idea that disease is solely responsible for the rapid Indigenous population decline. The research identifies other aspects of European contact that had profoundly negative impacts on Native peoples' ability to survive foreign invasion: war, massacres, enslavement, overwork, deportation, the loss of will to live or reproduce, malnutrition and starvation from the breakdown of trade networks, and the loss of subsistence food production due to land loss."
13503:
14285:
14243:
14189:: The Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole. The treaty of New Echota, was enacted, which stated that the United States "would give Cherokee land west of the Mississippi in exchange for $ 5,000,000". According to Jeffrey Ostler, "Of the 80,000 Native people who were forced west from 1830 into the 1850s, between 12,000 and 17,000 perished." Ostler states that "the large majority died of interrelated factors of starvation, exposure and disease".
14193:
Delawares, Senecas, Potawatomis, Miamis, Wyandots, Ho-Chunks, Ojibwes, Sauks and
Meskwakis." These Nations were moved West of the Mississippi into what is now known as Eastern Kansas, and numbered 17,000 on arrival. According to Ostler, "by 1860, their numbers had been cut in half" because of low fertility, high infant mortality, and increased disease caused by conditions such as polluted drinking water, few resources, and social stress.
14110:
14122:
17465:; Ray, Nicolas; Bedoya, Gabriel; Rojas, Winston; Parra, Maria V; Molina, Julio A; Gallo, Carla; Mazzotti, Guido; Poletti, Giovanni; Hill, Kim; Hurtado, Ana M; Labuda, Damian; Klitz, William; Barrantes, Ramiro; Bortolini, Maria Cátira; Salzano, Francisco M; Petzl-Erler, Maria Luiza; Tsuneto, Luiza T; Llop, Elena; Rothhammer, Francisco; Excoffier, Laurent; Feldman, Marcus W; Rosenberg, Noah A; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés (23 November 2007).
23304:
134:
126:
151:
3.8 million for the United States and Canada, 17.2 million for Mexico, 5.6 million for
Central America, 3 million for the Caribbean, 15.7 million for the Andes and 8.6 million for lowland South America. A 2020 genetic study suggests that prior estimates for the pre-Columbian Caribbean population may have been at least tenfold too large. Historian
13925:
constituted alliances based out of both necessity or economic prosperity and, resulted in mass-scale intertribal warfare. European colonization in the North
American continent also contributed to a number of wars between Native Americans, who fought over which of them should have first access to new technology and weaponry—like in the
18658:, p. 339: "The genocidal intent of California settlers and government officials was acted out in numerous battles and massacres (and aided by technological advances in weaponry, especially after the Civil War), in the abduction and sexual abuse of Indian women, and in the economic exploitation of Indian child labourers."
13747:, who is quoted as saying to a gathering of local chiefs, "You know the smallpox. Listen: I am the smallpox chief. In this bottle I have it confined. All I have to do is to pull the cork, send it forth among you, and you are dead men. But this is for my enemies and not my friends." Likewise, another fur trader threatened
13464:) to traverse. The overall pattern that is emerging suggests that the Americas were recently colonized by a small number of individuals (effective size of about 70–250), and then they grew by a factor of 10 over 800–1,000 years. The data also show that there have been genetic exchanges between Asia, the
14894:
For the most part, however, the diseases that decimated the
Natives were caused by natural contact. These Native peoples were greatly weakened, and as a result, they were less able to resist the Europeans. However, diseases themselves were rarely the sources of the genocides nor were they the sources
13654:
says that by "focusing almost entirely on disease ... contemporary authors increasingly have created the impression that the eradication of those tens of millions of people was inadvertent—a sad, but both inevitable and "unintended consequence" of human migration and progress," and asserts that their
13632:
has argued that population collapses in North
America throughout colonization were not due mainly to lack of Native immunity to European disease. Instead, he claims that "When severe epidemics did hit, it was often less because Native bodies lacked immunity than because European colonialism disrupted
13620:
workers died every six months from forced labor in these mines. In this way, "slavery has emerged as a major killer" of the
Indigenous populations of the Caribbean between 1492 and 1550, as it set the conditions for diseases such as smallpox, influenza, and malaria to flourish. Unlike the populations
13410:
179:
population is today estimated at six million, which is about the same as at the end of the 15th century, according to some estimates. In what is now Brazil, the
Indigenous population declined from a pre-Columbian high of an estimated four million to some 300,000. Over 60 million Brazilians possess at
14791:
Since 1992, the argument for a total, relentless, and pervasive genocide in the
Americas has become accepted in some areas of Indigenous studies and genocide studies. For the most part, however, this argument has had little impact on mainstream scholarship in U.S. history or American Indian history.
14076:
was in fact the primary cause of their depopulation in
Spanish territories; that the majority of Indians enslaved were women and children compared to the enslavement of Africans which mostly targeted adult males and in turn they were sold at a 50% to 60% higher price, and that 2,462,000 to 4,985,000
13903:
While epidemic disease was a leading factor of the population decline of the
American Indigenous peoples after 1492, there were other contributing factors, all of them related to European contact and colonization. One of these factors was warfare. According to demographer Russell Thornton, although
13829:
worked, the technique became better known and smallpox became less deadly in the United States and elsewhere. Many colonists and Natives were vaccinated, although, in some cases, officials tried to vaccinate Natives only to discover that the disease was too widespread to stop. At other times, trade
13739:
In following centuries, accusations and discussions of biological warfare were common. Well-documented accounts of incidents involving both threats and acts of deliberate infection are very rare, but may have occurred more frequently than scholars have previously acknowledged. Many of the instances
216:
such as influenza, measles, and smallpox (to which they had no natural immunity), combined with other effects of European contact, resulted in a twenty-five percent to eighty percent Indigenous population decrease post-contact. Roland G Robertson suggests that during the late 1630s, smallpox killed
13764:
observed that Native Americans were also suspicious of vaccination, "They see white men urging the operation so earnestly they decide that it must be some new mode or trick of the pale face by which they hope to gain some new advantage over them." So great was the distrust of the settlers that the
13679:
has pointed out that there were disastrous epidemics and population losses during the first half of the sixteenth century "resulting from incidental contact, or even without direct contact, as disease spread from one American Indian tribe to another." Thornton has also challenged higher Indigenous
663:
Population size for Native American tribes is very difficult to state definitively, but at least one writer has made estimates, often based on an assumed proportion of the number of warriors to total population for the tribe. Typical proportions were 5 people per one warrior and at least 1 up to 5
13924:
depended on a highly centralized administration for the distribution of resources. Disruption caused by the war and the colonization hampered the traditional economy, and possibly led to shortages of food and materials. Across the western hemisphere, war with various Native American civilizations
14467:
at 8,000 warriors (that is around 40,000 people). On the contrary Lewis H. Morgan in his 1851 book estimated the Iroquois population in year 1650 at only 25,000 people – including 10,000 Seneca, 5,000 Mohawk, 4,000 Onondaga, 3,000 Oneida and 3,000 Cayuga. The Seneca were also estimated at 13,000
13907:
From the U.S. Bureau of the Census in 1894, wars between the government and the Indigenous peoples ranged over 40 in number over the previous 100 years. These wars cost the lives of approximately 19,000 white people, and the lives of about 30,000 Indians, including men, women, and children. They
14525:
confirms that they had 5,000 warriors in 1739 (Ga. Coll. Rec., V). Also according to Ga. Coll. Rec., V an epidemic reduced them "by almost one-half" in 1738, but this source doesn't specify how numerous they were before the epidemic. Perhaps this source exaggerates the casualties caused by that
14422:
Extrapolated from 30,000 warriors (× 5) in year 1762, according to James Gorrell. Such high population appears to be confirmed by French Jesuits who visited forty Sioux villages in 1660 and found 5,000 men only in five of them (on average 1,000 men per village). Almost a century after Gorrell's
14192:
In addition to the removal of the Southern Tribes, there were multiple other removals of Northern Tribes also known as "Trails of Tears." For example, "In the free labor states of the North, federal and state officials, supported by farmers, speculators and business interests, evicted Shawnees,
14160:
by 19th century American settlers. It is estimated that at least 9,400 to 16,000 California Indians were killed by non-Indians, mostly occurring in more than 370 massacres (defined as the "intentional killing of five or more disarmed combatants or largely unarmed noncombatants, including women,
13646:
in Virginia and Maryland "suffered from a variety of diseases, including malaria, typhus, and possibly smallpox." These diseases were not solely a case of Native susceptibility, however, because "as colonists took their resources, Native communities were subject to malnutrition, starvation, and
14196:
Ostler also writes that the areas that Northern tribes were removed to were already inhabited: "The areas west of the Mississippi River were home to other Indigenous nations—Osages, Kanzas, Omahas, Ioways, Otoes and Missourias. To make room for thousands of people from the East, the government
13812:
can be transmitted through contaminated articles such as clothing or blankets. In the nineteenth century, the U. S. Army sent contaminated blankets to Native Americans, especially Plains groups, to control the Indian problem." In Brazil, well into the 20th century, deliberate infection attacks
155:
estimates that the extermination of Indigenous peoples took the lives of 100 million people: "...the total extermination of many American Indian peoples and the near-extermination of others, in numbers that eventually totaled close to 100,000,000." A 2019 study estimates the pre-Columbian
17931:
Some of the worst examples of escalating death by sickness and disease occurred on the Spanish Christian missions in Florida, Texas, California, Arizona, and New Mexico in the period 1690–1845. After the military delivered captive Indians to the missions, they were expected to perform arduous
13547:
According to later academics such as Noble David Cook, a community of scholars began "quietly accumulating piece by piece data on early epidemics in the Americas and their relation to the subjugation of native peoples." Scholars like Cook believe that widespread epidemic disease, to which the
15012:
Fernandes, Daniel M.; Sirak, Kendra A.; Ringbauer, Harald; Sedig, Jakob; Rohland, Nadin; Cheronet, Olivia; Mah, Matthew; Mallick, Swapan; Olalde, Iñigo; Culleton, Brendan J.; Adamski, Nicole; Bernardos, Rebecca; Bravo, Guillermo; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Callan, Kimberly (February 2021).
13715:
When Old World diseases were first carried to the Americas at the end of the fifteenth century, they spread throughout the southern and northern hemispheres, leaving the Indigenous populations in near ruins. No evidence has been discovered that the earliest Spanish colonists and missionaries
14067:
argues that even though the Spanish were aware of the spread of smallpox, they made no mention of it until 1519, a quarter century after Columbus arrived in Hispaniola. Instead he contends that enslavement in gold and silver mines was the primary reason why the Native American population of
13911:
There is some disagreement among scholars about how widespread warfare was in pre-Columbian America, but there is general agreement that war became deadlier after the arrival of the Europeans and their firearms. The South or Central American infrastructure allowed for thousands of European
13544:. The second European explanation was a perceived divine approval, in which God removed the Indigenous peoples as part of His "divine plan" to make way for a new Christian civilization. Many Native Americans viewed their troubles in a religious framework within their own belief systems.
150:
used the existing estimates to derive a "consensus count" of about 54 million people. Nonetheless, more recent estimates still range widely. In 1992, Denevan suggested that the total population was approximately 53.9 million and the populations by region were, approximately,
18593:
Eventually 40,000 Incas would govern some 10 million subjects speaking over 30 different languages. Consequently, the centralised Inca government, employing a vast network of administrators, governed over a patchwork empire which, in practice, touched local populations to varying
13796:
conspired with Bouquet to "Extirpate this Execreble Race" of Native Americans, writing, "Could it not be contrived to send the small pox among the disaffected tribes of Indians? We must on this occasion use every stratagem in our power to reduce them." His Colonel agreed to try.
141:
Pre-Columbian population figures are difficult to estimate because of the fragmentary nature of the evidence. Estimates range from 8–112 million. Scholars have varied widely on the estimated size of the Indigenous populations prior to colonization and on the effects of
229:. In 1871 there was an enumeration of the Indigenous population within the limits of Canada at the time, showing a total of only 102,358 individuals. From 2006 to 2016, the Indigenous population has grown by 42.5 percent, four times the national rate. According to the
13388:
The total peak population size only for the tribes listed in this table is 3,524,580 in the US and Canada (including 507,675 in Canada). This number is very similar to Snow's estimate for the US and Canada as well as to Alchon's, Denevan's and Milner's estimates.
13707:, the large death toll also boosted the economies of Europe: "the depopulation of the Americas may have inadvertently allowed the Europeans to dominate the world. It also allowed for the Industrial Revolution and for Europeans to continue that domination."
13607:
points out that, even though the Spanish were aware of deadly diseases such as smallpox, there is no mention of them in the New World until 1519, implying that, until that date, epidemic disease played no significant part in the depopulation of the
13947:, the Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies, and the Cambridge World History of Genocide, colonial policies in some cases included the deliberate genocide of indigenous peoples in North America. According to the Cambridge World History of Genocide,
187:
While it is difficult to determine exactly how many Natives lived in North America before Columbus, estimates range from 3.8 million, as mentioned above, to 7 million people to a high of 18 million. Scholars vary on the estimated size of the
163:
The Indigenous population of the Americas in 1492 was not necessarily at a high point and may actually have already been in decline in some areas. Indigenous populations in most areas of the Americas reached a low point by the early 20th century.
13637:
of northern Florida and southeastern Georgia, Native peoples there "were subject to forced labor and, because of poor living conditions and malnutrition, succumbed to wave after wave of unidentifiable diseases." Further, in relation to
14039:. Serfs stayed to work the land; slaves were exported to the mines, where large numbers of them died. In other areas the Spaniards replaced the ruling Aztecs and Incas and divided the conquered lands among themselves ruling as the new
14180:
Throughout history, Indigenous people have been subjected to the repeated and forced removal from their land. Beginning in the 1830s, there was the relocation of an estimated 100,000 Indigenous people in the United States called the
14197:
dispossessed these nations of much their lands." Ostler writes that when Northern Nations were moved onto their landing 1840, "The combined population of these western nations was 9,000 ... 20 years later, it had fallen to 6,000."
13904:
many people died in wars over the centuries, and war sometimes contributed to the near extinction of certain tribes, warfare and death by other violent means was a comparatively minor cause of overall Native population decline.
13548:
Indigenous peoples had no prior exposure or resistance, was the primary cause of the massive population decline of the Native Americans. One of the most devastating diseases was smallpox, but other deadly diseases included
13759:
as saying that the white men had deliberately spread smallpox among the Indians of the southwest, including the Pawnee tribe, and the havoc it made was reported to General Clark and the Secretary of War. Artist and writer
66:
have been difficult to establish. Estimates have varied widely from as low as 8 million to as many as 100 million, though many scholars gravitated toward an estimate of around 50 million by the end of the 20th century.
13587:
However, recently scholars have studied the link between physical colonial violence such as warfare, displacement, and enslavement, and the proliferation of disease among Native populations. For example, according to
200:. During the late 15th century is estimated to have been between 200,000 and two million, with a figure of 500,000 currently accepted by Canada's Royal Commission on Aboriginal Health. Although not without conflict,
13716:
deliberately attempted to infect the American Natives, and some efforts were made to limit the devastating effects of disease before it killed off what remained of their labor force (compelled to work under the
117:, claiming that deliberate, systematic actions by Europeans were the primary cause. Traditional scholars have disputed this characterization, maintaining that incidental disease exposure was the primary cause.
19821:
19327:
The Founders of America: How Indians discovered the land, pioneered in it, and created great classical civilizations, how they were plunged into a Dark Age by invasion and conquest, and how they are reviving
14028:
were promulgated in Spain in 1542 to protect isolated Native, but the abuses in the Americas were never entirely or permanently abolished. The Spanish also employed the pre-Columbian draft system called the
13448:(genetic entry point). A higher level of diversity and lower level of population structure in western South America compared to eastern South America is observed. A relative lack of differentiation between
17171:
13680:
population estimates, which are based on the Malthusian assumption that "populations tend to increase to, and beyond, the limits of the food available to them at any particular level of technology."
14792:
Scholars are more inclined than they once were to gesture to particular actions, events, impulses, and effects as genocidal, but genocide has not become a key concept in scholarship in these fields.
25575:
13736:
may have happened. Although no proof of such poisoning has been found, some historians believe the decrease of the population correlates with the end of religious orders' control of the water.
20503:
260:
argued, "Scholarly wisdom long held that Indians were so inferior in mind and works that they could not possibly have created or sustained large populations." In 1998, Africanist Historian
113:; and the general disruption of societies. Scholarly disputes remain over the degree to which each factor contributed or should be emphasized; some modern scholars have categorized it as a
25012:
16592:
18795:
18246:
13830:
demands led to broken quarantines. In other cases, Natives refused vaccination because of suspicion of whites. The first international healthcare expedition in history was the
13457:
15258:
Alves-Silva, Juliana; da Silva Santos, Magda; Guimarães, Pedro E.M.; Ferreira, Alessandro C.S.; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Pena, Sérgio D.J.; Prado, Vania Ferreira (August 2000).
19041:(video). U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, analog to digital conversion by Harkirat Chawia, Michigan State University, presented by Christopher Buck, Michigan State University.
19859:
13792:
Indian dignitaries during a peace settlement negotiation, according to the entry in the Captain's ledger, "To convey the Smallpox to the Indians". In the following weeks,
1004:
24348:
114:
23799:
20496:
17932:
agricultural labour while being provided with no more than 1400 calories per day in low-nutrient foods, with some missions supplying as little as 715 calories per day.
16877:
14468:
people in year 1672 and 15,000 in year 1687. Not all of Iroquois 226 villages were occupied at the same time as the Iroquois moved villages every five to twenty years.
25440:
20671:
19902:
13720:
system). The cattle introduced by the Spanish contaminated various water reserves which Native Americans dug in the fields to accumulate rainwater. In response, the
18335:
14068:
Hispaniola dropped so significantly. and that even though disease was a factor, the Native population would have rebounded the same way Europeans did following the
13506:
One estimate of population collapse in Central Mexico brought on by successive epidemics in the early colonial period. Note: Other scholars' estimates vary widely.
20512:
19892:
93:
slaves, grew steadily, the Indigenous population plummeted. There are numerous reasons for the population decline, including exposure to Eurasian diseases such as
24117:
13404:
25615:
23117:
19791:
14521:
They had 6,000 warriors in 1730–35 (according to J. Adair) and also 6,000 warriors in 1738, but just 5,000 in 1740 (according to Ga. Hist. Coll., II). Colonel
25551:
24356:
24090:
23293:
23188:
22143:
22078:
20489:
20155:
20150:
19932:
19796:
13938:
13398:
18923:(Oxford University Press, 1999) states that "if Euro-Americans committed genocide anywhere on the continent against Native Americans, it was in California."
25519:
23478:
17689:
Fagundes, Nelson J.R.; Tagliani-Ribeiro, Alice; Rubicz, Rohina; Tarskaia, Larissa; Crawford, Michael H.; Salzano, Francisco M.; Bonatto, Sandro L. (2018).
14338:
23712:
14210:
14073:
13972:
Slavery and forced/indentured labor, especially, though not exclusively, in Latin America, in conditions often rivaling those of Nazi concentration camps
14463:
Five Nations, on average 14,000 people per nation around year 1690 according to L. A. de Lahontan. And in 1609 the Iroquois population was estimated by
25625:
24388:
20579:
13655:
destruction "was neither inadvertent nor inevitable," but the result of microbial pestilence and purposeful genocide working in tandem. He also wrote:
25095:
17346:
16837:
Index to the miscellaneous documents of the House of Representatives for the first session of the forty-ninth Congress, 1885–86. In twenty-six volumes
25645:
23226:
20537:
16996:
A Narrative of the Expedition of Hernando de Soto into Florida, by a Gentleman of Elvas, translated from the Portuguese by Richard Hackluyt, in 1609.
16558:
15200:
17380:. Studies in Human Ecology and Adaptation. Vol. Global Perspectives on Long Term {{subst:lc:Community}} Resource Management. pp. 256–263.
14910:
UW Press -: The Native Population of the Americas in 1492: Second Revised Edition, edited by William M. Denevan, With a Foreword by W. George Lovell
14024:
helped relieve the strain on both the Native laborers and the Spanish vanguards probing the Caribana for military and diplomatic purposes. Later on
25408:
24459:
20572:
20567:
19852:
17675:
14323:
14308:
54:. Violence and conflict with colonists were also important causes of the decline of certain Indigenous American populations since the 16th century.
23778:
19038:
Video of Kevin Gover's speech, "Never Again" (Sept. 8, 2000), a formal apology to Native Americans, on behalf of the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs
25267:
25047:
24483:
23744:
23658:
23483:
14671:
14318:
14231:." Newsom said, "That's what it was, a genocide. No other way to describe it. And that's the way it needs to be described in the history books."
14104:
15307:
Snow, D. R. (16 June 1995). "Microchronology and Demographic Evidence Relating to the Size of Pre-Columbian North American Indian Populations".
25630:
25567:
24729:
24154:
23752:
23519:
22165:
22058:
20704:
18100:
Thomas Michael Swensen (2015). "Of Subjection and Sovereignty: Alaska Native Corporations and Tribal Governments in the Twenty-First Century".
17193:
24641:
23969:
23855:
22686:
22043:
20418:
18936:
14096:
13612:. The practices of forced labor, brutal punishment, and inadequate necessities of life, were the initial and major reasons for depopulation.
24475:
13908:
safely estimated that the number of Native people who were killed or wounded was actually around fifty percent more than what was recorded.
23529:
23524:
23432:
23328:
16995:
13996:
13700:
156:
Indigenous population contained more than 60 million people, but dropped to 6 million by 1600, based on a drop in atmospheric CO
23162:
21020:
20643:
20562:
20542:
20462:
20307:
19845:
19801:
167:
Using an estimate of approximately 37 million people in Mexico, Central and South America in 1492 (including 6 million in the
25640:
25635:
25527:
25474:
24443:
23102:
22791:
20167:
20162:
16910:"A journal of travels into the Arkansas territory, during the year 1819. With occasional observations on the manners of the aborigines"
19576:
16607:
14969:
14961:
13804:
was "started among the tribes of the upper Missouri River by failure to quarantine steamboats on the river", and Captain Pratt of the
24721:
24097:
23886:
23624:
22861:
22651:
22136:
22048:
20469:
20220:
18803:
17523:
Walsh, Bruce; Redd, Alan J.; Hammer, Michael F. (January 2008). "Joint match probabilities for Y chromosomal and autosomal markers".
15148:
14895:
of the deaths which were caused by genocidal means. The genocides were caused by the aggressive actions of one group towards another.
14248:
14086:
70:
14607:
13510:
Early explanations for the population decline of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas include the brutal practices of the Spanish
23807:
22756:
21052:
14427:
estimated the Sioux as up to 50,000 people, and mentioned that they had just lost approx. 8,000 dead to smallpox a few years prior.
23871:
23358:
22551:
17009:
24784:
23671:
14508:
38 villages (on average 130–150 lodges/cabins per village) with 7,600 warriors x 5 = 38,000 total population, not including the
13518:
system, which was ostensibly set up to protect people from warring tribes as well as to teach them the Spanish language and the
2629:
24396:
22626:
22561:
22541:
19811:
18143:
Russel, Thornton (1994). "Book reviews – American Holocaust: Columbus and the Conquest of the New World by David E. Stannard".
14445:
They had 60 towns and 20,000 warriors. One of their towns – Cahokia – contained 400 lodges and was inhabited by 1,800 warriors.
13813:
continued as Brazilian settlers and miners transported infections intentionally to the Native groups whose lands they coveted.
13703:
and war, in what researchers have described as the "great dying". According to one of the researchers, UCL Geography Professor
20228:
19596:
14020:, who insisted that the Indigenous people were humans with souls and rights. Because of many revolts and military encounters,
25130:
24324:
24186:
23343:
23219:
22766:
21040:
20552:
20293:
20189:
19750:
19727:
19677:
19654:
19548:
19520:
19499:
19469:
19447:
19428:
19388:
19367:
19335:
19311:
19292:
19271:
19252:
19233:
19195:
19161:
18907:
18853:
18771:
18715:
18615:
18557:
18059:
18025:
18000:
17953:
17793:
17759:
17572:
17393:
17330:
16009:
15982:
15656:
15576:
15549:
15522:
15495:
15468:
15441:
15411:
15369:
14945:
14918:
14813:
14784:
14754:
14654:
14617:
14303:
13493:
197:
143:
82:
63:
18274:
16892:
13751:
that if they didn't agree to certain conditions, "he would let the smallpox out of a bottle and destroy them." The Reverend
25559:
25079:
24688:
24608:
23447:
23363:
23348:
22129:
21954:
21069:
20428:
20423:
18821:
17418:
17374:"The Native California Commons: Ethnographic and Archaeological Perspectives on Land Control, Resource Use, and Management"
17137:. Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology. Bulletin145. Washington: Bureau of American Ethnology. p. 56.
13948:
13899:
An 1899 chromolithograph from the Werner Company of Akron, Ohio titled Custer Massacre at Big Horn, Montana – 25 June 1876.
13870:
13732:. But when the Franciscans lost their privileges in 1572, many of these fountains were no longer guarded and so deliberate
13639:
13634:
13436:
than populations from other continental regions. Decreasing genetic diversity with increasing geographic distance from the
10448:
3580:
2959:
17113:
14403:
13769:
denounced the white man, whom he had previously treated as brothers, for deliberately bringing the disease to his people.
85:
and marking the beginning of the migration of millions of Europeans and Africans to the Americas. While the population of
25315:
24659:
24422:
23728:
23353:
23147:
23122:
23072:
22536:
22013:
21064:
20942:
20584:
20532:
20448:
20303:
20127:
18332:
16256:
13801:
13288:
12761:
11846:
10649:
8138:
17307:
13317:
5718:
3952:
24364:
23928:
23496:
23491:
23452:
23442:
23318:
22896:
22676:
22501:
22068:
21047:
20686:
20516:
20288:
20117:
19868:
15149:"European colonizers killed so many indigenous Americans that the planet cooled down, a group of researchers concluded"
13793:
13489:
12939:
12612:
10804:
6668:
59:
19806:
17691:"How strong was the bottleneck associated to the peopling of the Americas? New insights from multilocus sequence data"
16737:
14059:, adventurers mostly of mixed Portuguese and Native ancestry, penetrated steadily westward in their search for Indian
13982:
Deliberate starvation and famine, exacerbated by destruction and occupation of the native land base and food resources
13966:
Biological warfare, using pathogens (especially smallpox and plague) to which the indigenous peoples had no resistance
25610:
24404:
23823:
22007:
21076:
20145:
18886:
18488:
18084:
14829:
Alvarez, Alex (2015). "Gary Clayton Anderson. Ethnic Cleansing and the Indian: The Crime That Should Haunt America".
17132:
25620:
25490:
25448:
23437:
23212:
22641:
21828:
21517:
20547:
20238:
19208:(2023). "Genocidal Massacres in the Spanish Conquest of the Americas: Xaragua, Cholula and Toxcatl, 1503–1519". In
17650:
16810:
14223:
of Western tribes. In a speech before representatives of Native American peoples in June 2019, California governor
13684:
13497:
13333:
12864:
8547:
24536:
24511:
23288:
23142:
23107:
22911:
22781:
22631:
22586:
21898:
21528:
21210:
21025:
20636:
20371:
20316:
20278:
20258:
19938:
16577:
15785:, « Estimating aboriginal population: an appraisal of techniques with a new hemispheric estimate », in
15628:
14328:
13633:
Native communities and damaged their resources, making them more vulnerable to pathogens." In specific regard to
13604:
10715:
193:
78:
16273:
25456:
25086:
24844:
24260:
24050:
23760:
23473:
23375:
23052:
22846:
22821:
22741:
22433:
22177:
21990:
21833:
20681:
20433:
20361:
20351:
20336:
20263:
20104:
18247:"Why the Anthropocene began with European colonisation, mass slavery and the 'great dying' of the 16th century"
15698:
Das Element der Wirklichkeit und die Welt der Erfahrung. Grundlinien einer anthropozentrischen Naturphilosophie
14348:
13843:
9111:
9016:
8401:
4473:
4262:
1277:
1150:
766:
25363:
21969:
21245:
19822:
Pope Francis apologises for Catholic crimes against indigenous peoples during the colonisation of the Americas
17238:
16498:
13428:) sampled from North, Central, and South America have been analyzed against similar data available from other
25116:
24220:
23815:
23617:
21979:
21220:
20724:
20366:
20341:
20321:
20268:
19345:
16943:
14063:. Serfdom existed as such in parts of Latin America well into the 19th century, past independence. Historian
14021:
13955:
13788:
ordered his men to take smallpox-infested blankets from their hospital and gave them as gifts to two neutral
13441:
25416:
25283:
21995:
19088:
14609:
American colonies; Volume 1 of The Penguin history of the United States, History of the United States Series
25137:
25109:
24300:
24196:
23338:
23057:
22606:
22073:
22001:
21965:
21035:
20589:
20346:
20326:
20283:
20273:
20233:
19144:. Vol. 2: Genocide in the Indigenous, Early Modern and Imperial Worlds, from c.1535 to World War One.
17350:
15882:
Thornton, Russell (2005). "Native American Demographic and Tribal Survival into the Twenty-first Century".
15614:
14298:
8787:
5354:
5319:
4438:
189:
17946:
As Long As Grass Grows: The Indigenous Fight for Environmental Justice, from Colonization to Standing Rock
15906:
25424:
25299:
25291:
24592:
24178:
23514:
23152:
22921:
22506:
22491:
22365:
21667:
21539:
21125:
20867:
20676:
20391:
20331:
20080:
20024:
19897:
19647:
The smallpox genocide of the Odawa tribe at L'Arbre Croche, 1763: the history of a Native American people
19612:"Lord Jeffrey Amherst's letters discussing germ warfare against American Indians" Retrieved February 2007
19412:
19245:
The smallpox genocide of the Odawa tribe at L'Arbre Croche, 1763: the history of a Native American people
18275:"European colonizers killed so many Native Americans that it changed the global climate, researchers say"
15483:
13944:
6913:
1961:
19816:
17905:
Curthoys, Ann; Docker, John (2001). "Introduction: Genocide: definitions, questions, settler-colonies".
16921:
14777:
Surviving Genocide: Native Nations and the United States from the American Revolution to Bleeding Kansas
25339:
24544:
23556:
23551:
23268:
22761:
22516:
21894:
21778:
21621:
20629:
20356:
19827:
19217:
19145:
18579:
18251:
16206:
15514:
The Texture of Contact: European and Indian Settler Communities on the Frontiers of Iroquoia, 1667–1783
13744:
12821:
12361:
10491:
10243:
9423:
8466:
8266:
7881:
6993:
6880:
4568:
17435:
16909:
14388:
2368:
171:, 5–10 million in the Mayan States, 11 million in what is now Brazil, and 12 million in the
25307:
25275:
25157:
25040:
22979:
22931:
19945:
19769:
19408:
Production, Destruction and Connection, 1750-Present, Part 1, Structures, Spaces, and Boundary Making
18763:
17992:
17033:
14454:"The epidemic of 1837–38 was disastrous, approx. 15,000 Blackfeet people fell victim to the disease."
13692:
13683:
The European colonization of the Americas resulted in the deaths of so many people it contributed to
13663:
13477:
6259:
264:
said many population estimates are the result of arbitrary formulas applied from unreliable sources.
19:
22453:
17880:
17600:"On the Number of New World Founders: A Population Genetic Portrait of the Peopling of the Americas"
15174:
14353:
14017:
13895:
13537:
25005:
24996:
24697:
24074:
23610:
23547:
23283:
23278:
23273:
23258:
22866:
22721:
22691:
22250:
22152:
21601:
21205:
21130:
21007:
20982:
20696:
20019:
19052:
Buck, Christopher (2006). "'Never Again': Kevin Gover's Apology for the Bureau of Indian Affairs".
17373:
14313:
14216:
14206:
13847:
13777:
13699:, some 90% of Indigenous Americans had perished from "wave after wave of disease", along with mass
13473:
7314:
222:
25464:
19128:(2023). "'The Centrality of Dispossession': Native American Genocide and Settler Colonialism". In
16835:
16672:
16652:
16538:
16518:
16478:
16458:
16413:
16330:
16310:
16290:
16221:
16162:
16142:
16105:
16060:
16026:
15800:
14985:
Denevan, William M. (September 1992). "The Pristine Myth: The Landscape of the Americas in 1492".
25026:
25019:
24010:
23534:
23457:
23250:
23242:
23157:
22891:
22881:
22841:
22716:
22448:
22383:
21677:
21350:
20847:
20438:
20034:
19966:
18051:
14398:
14393:
13969:
Spreading of disease via the 'reduction' of Indians to densely crowded and unhygienic settlements
9739:
7512:
7115:
5599:
4008:
2645:
1459:
234:
205:
90:
86:
21902:
18521:
18481:
Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766
15852:
10211:
6896:
25535:
25123:
25072:
24962:
24705:
24244:
24130:
23263:
22826:
22546:
22393:
22336:
22270:
22255:
20481:
18392:; Esther Wagner Stearn, Allen Edwin Stearn; University of Minnesota; 1945; pp. 13–20, 73–94, 97
17268:
17096:
14343:
14150:
13882:
12441:
11160:
11031:
6524:
3881:
786:
25371:
21320:
19187:
19036:
17783:
17749:
17559:
17320:
16794:
16207:"Not Merely Overrun but Destroyed. The Sullivan Expedition Against the Iroquois Indians, 1779"
15485:
14744:
25432:
25187:
24467:
24145:
23896:
23839:
23720:
23401:
23020:
22954:
22901:
22796:
22696:
22463:
22428:
22418:
22359:
21823:
21738:
21672:
21305:
21059:
21030:
20829:
20804:
20769:
20443:
20122:
20029:
18757:
18705:
18547:
18045:
17986:
16353:
15999:
15646:
15512:
15458:
15431:
15401:
14935:
14186:
14114:
13589:
13198:
12791:
12625:
12403:
12164:
11753:
11708:
11659:
11588:
11520:
11486:
11047:
10817:
10122:
9601:
9457:
9255:
9061:
8637:
8056:
7971:
7794:
7556:
7265:
5595:
5537:
5423:
3326:
2828:
2794:
2321:
954:
918:
20957:
19609:
16578:"Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs", Office of Indian Affairs, November 25, 1841"
15539:
14644:
25583:
25482:
25065:
24858:
24837:
24204:
24058:
23904:
23863:
23641:
23416:
23411:
23333:
22591:
22443:
22315:
22107:
21974:
21838:
21803:
21723:
21412:
21120:
21015:
20997:
20897:
20621:
20401:
20396:
20112:
19907:
19457:
18753:
18373:
Cherokee Medicine, Colonial Germs: An Indigenous Nation's Fight Against Smallpox, 1518–1824
18217:
17982:
16958:
15711:
15316:
15103:
15026:
14333:
14290:
14276:
14146:
14142:
14072:
if it were not for the constant enslavement they were subject to. He further contends that
14064:
14005:
13864:
13696:
13629:
13600:
13035:
12989:
12130:
10045:
9525:
9220:
8817:
6713:
6407:
4399:
3811:
3509:
2597:
2177:
1810:
1426:
1390:
1222:
1182:
252:
underpinnings. Low estimates were sometimes reflective of European notions of cultural and
230:
106:
89:
settlers, primarily from Spain, Portugal, France, England, and the Netherlands, along with
51:
39:
21300:
16970:
14001:
13887:
8:
25400:
25102:
24969:
24918:
24624:
24520:
24491:
24451:
24435:
24082:
24034:
24000:
23992:
23961:
23736:
23576:
23082:
22378:
22305:
22280:
22245:
22225:
21940:
21702:
20734:
20714:
20527:
18987:
18206:"Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492"
17462:
16421:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. pp. 500–503.
16338:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. pp. 539–540.
16068:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. pp. 505–506.
16034:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. pp. 536–537.
15987:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. pp. 318–543.
15092:"Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492"
14383:
14358:
14228:
14157:
14100:
13781:
13593:
13456:
populations is a scenario that implies coastal routes were easier than inland routes for
6174:
5027:
4194:
4126:
3747:
2467:
2192:
1794:
1712:
1326:
902:
24236:
20932:
19785:
19759:
Sletcher, Michael 'North American Indians', in Will Kaufman and Heidi Macpherson, eds.,
18842:
Reséndez estimates between 2.462 and 4.985 million Indigenous people were enslaved.
18221:
18179:
17833:
16878:"The Huron-Wendat and the St. Lawrence Iroquoians: New Findings of a Close Relationship"
15592:
15320:
15107:
15030:
7535:
6798:
6636:
24925:
24911:
24672:
24528:
24380:
24066:
23953:
23943:
23695:
23370:
23167:
22711:
22706:
22566:
22413:
22349:
22330:
22265:
22260:
22192:
22063:
22053:
21959:
21783:
21692:
21471:
21215:
21160:
21135:
20799:
20794:
20764:
20759:
20406:
20199:
19704:
19666:
19603:
19538:
19488:
19093:
19069:
18160:
18125:
17922:
17730:
17717:
17690:
17676:"DNA sequences suggest 250 people made up original Native American founding population"
17626:
17599:
17493:
17466:
17399:
16775:
16633:
16386:
16125:
16047:
15887:
15340:
15284:
15259:
15129:
15055:
15014:
14998:
14965:
14378:
14156:
While some California tribes were settled on reservations, others were hunted down and
13917:
13773:
13643:
13540:, whose writings vividly depict Spanish atrocities committed in particular against the
13429:
13126:
13054:
11689:
7683:
7496:
6423:
4742:
4738:
1607:
1566:
253:
213:
22285:
21682:
16369:
Miller, Virginia P. (1976). "Aboriginal Micmac Population: A Review of the Evidence".
15766:
15484:
Garrick Alan Bailey; William C ... Sturtevant; Smithsonian Institution (U S ) (2008).
14153:" against the Natives of the Argentinian interior, leaving over 1,300 Indigenous dead.
1039:
25227:
24890:
24816:
24737:
24332:
24212:
24170:
24042:
24026:
23831:
23704:
23646:
23571:
23406:
23396:
23237:
23193:
22994:
22701:
22458:
22438:
22220:
22088:
22018:
21984:
21707:
21697:
21407:
21375:
21255:
21185:
20917:
20892:
20824:
20814:
20652:
20253:
20137:
19917:
19887:
19837:
19746:
19723:
19717:
19673:
19650:
19544:
19516:
19510:
19495:
19465:
19443:
19424:
19384:
19378:
19363:
19331:
19325:
19307:
19288:
19282:
19267:
19248:
19229:
19191:
19157:
19073:
18903:
18882:
18849:
18767:
18711:
18611:
18553:
18484:
18129:
18117:
18113:
18080:
18055:
18021:
17996:
17959:
17949:
17914:
17789:
17755:
17722:
17631:
17568:
17540:
17498:
17403:
17389:
17326:
16394:
16005:
15960:
15652:
15572:
15545:
15518:
15491:
15464:
15437:
15407:
15365:
15332:
15289:
15133:
15121:
15060:
15042:
14941:
14914:
14885:
14846:
14809:
14780:
14750:
14722:
14650:
14613:
13975:
Mass population removals to barren 'reservations,' sometimes involving death marches
13831:
13519:
13433:
13417:
13349:
11446:
11376:
10574:
9708:
9510:
9491:
8643:
8498:
7479:
5806:
4975:
4805:
4677:
4522:
4506:
4225:
4038:
3969:
3844:
3779:
3639:
2991:
2662:
2531:
2499:
2347:
2171:
1936:
1904:
1583:
1532:
1496:
1293:
1112:
948:
25203:
24228:
23791:
21285:
21150:
21116:
18230:
18205:
17707:
17536:
16680:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. p. 417.
16660:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. p. 523.
16546:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. p. 465.
16526:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. p. 539.
16486:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. p. 515.
16466:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. p. 535.
16318:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. p. 460.
16298:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. p. 538.
16229:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. p. 514.
16170:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. p. 534.
16150:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. p. 541.
16113:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. p. 530.
15116:
15091:
14092:
13979:, and generally leading to widespread mortality and population collapse upon arrival
4627:
146:. Estimates are made by extrapolations from small bits of data. In 1976, geographer
25347:
25235:
25033:
24989:
24904:
24633:
24616:
24316:
24308:
24292:
24018:
23920:
23912:
23561:
23137:
22974:
22926:
22876:
22816:
22731:
22656:
22646:
22621:
22576:
22423:
22373:
22354:
22344:
22295:
22290:
21788:
21728:
21712:
21595:
21559:
21466:
21370:
21170:
20987:
20962:
20779:
20774:
20411:
20085:
19739:
19696:
19634:
19416:
19402:
19355:
19321:
19221:
19183:
19149:
19061:
18225:
18152:
18109:
17829:
17734:
17712:
17702:
17621:
17611:
17532:
17488:
17478:
17381:
17219:
16917:
16858:
16718:
16566:. Bismarck, North Dakota: North Dakota Department of Public Instruction. p. 6.
16439:
16378:
16188:
16086:
15952:
15918:
15812:
15344:
15324:
15279:
15271:
15201:"Land carbon storage swelled in the Little Ice Age, which bodes ill for the future"
15111:
15090:
Koch, Alexander; Brierley, Chris; Maslin, Mark M.; Lewis, Simon L. (1 March 2019).
15050:
15034:
14994:
14877:
14838:
14712:
14522:
14436:
Extrapolated from 25,000 warriors (x5) in year 1718, according to Le Page du Pratz.
14363:
14220:
14048:
13939:
Genocide of indigenous peoples § Indigenous peoples of the Americas (pre-1948)
13891:
An 1899 chromolithograph of U.S. cavalry pursuing American Indians, artist unknown.
13834:
which had the aim of vaccinating Indigenous peoples against smallpox all along the
13826:
13676:
13272:
13120:
13048:
12983:
12435:
12220:
12190:
12158:
12145:
11949:
11795:
11723:
11702:
11623:
11601:
11556:
11516:
11482:
11450:
11413:
11380:
11206:
10953:
10039:
9623:
8346:
8311:
7965:
7930:
7894:
7696:
7572:
7330:
7177:
7074:
7009:
6684:
6482:
6280:
6223:
6120:
5996:
5731:
5572:
5374:
5332:
5294:
4995:
4661:
4581:
4412:
4171:
3696:
3544:
3467:
3457:
3356:
3320:
2878:
2872:
2810:
2790:
2331:
1955:
1762:
1611:
1570:
1463:
1409:
1373:
1143:
854:
832:
733:
257:
98:
74:
35:
23204:
19792:
Article by Russell Thornton on American Indian population history in North America
16624:
Taylor, Herbert C. (1963). "Aboriginal Populations of the Lower Northwest Coast".
15328:
10839:
8659:
8075:
7820:
6802:
6599:
5524:
25543:
25259:
25195:
25171:
24980:
24713:
24680:
24600:
24284:
24252:
23679:
23591:
23566:
23030:
22984:
22736:
22681:
22671:
22531:
22310:
22240:
22235:
22215:
22182:
21911:
21590:
21549:
21534:
21497:
21461:
21355:
21250:
21165:
21140:
21101:
21086:
20907:
20744:
20090:
19587:
19580:
19406:
19349:
19205:
18900:
An American Genocide, The United States and the California Catastrophe, 1846–1873
18339:
17616:
17483:
17385:
15782:
15566:
15359:
15199:
Rayner, Peter; Trudinger, Cathy; Etheridge, David; Rubino, Mauro (26 July 2016).
14973:
13725:
13531:
12647:
12569:
12523:
12487:
12456:
12253:
12083:
11889:
11627:
11466:
11064:
10888:
10619:
10384:
10227:
9864:
9823:
9407:
9142:
8482:
8317:
7383:
7060:
6962:
6947:
6931:
6619:
6540:
6361:
6092:
5881:
5492:
5218:
4929:
4122:
3731:
3702:
3550:
3482:
3185:
1942:
1675:
1008:
770:
147:
18829:
18574:
16358:. Vol. 2. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts. pp. 16, 47–48.
14368:
13541:
25323:
24932:
24897:
24584:
24576:
24552:
24137:
23984:
23976:
23586:
23112:
23097:
23087:
22726:
22556:
22511:
22408:
22320:
22275:
21842:
21808:
21652:
21627:
21584:
21574:
21564:
21554:
21512:
21295:
21106:
21096:
20789:
20749:
20739:
20557:
20060:
20050:
19981:
19171:
18707:
Columbus and Las Casas: the conquest and Christianization of America, 1492–1566
18041:
17213:
17117:
16852:
16712:
16433:
16182:
16080:
15956:
15038:
14740:
14640:
14464:
14373:
14182:
14175:
14171:
13878:
13839:
13835:
13748:
13733:
13729:
13688:
13651:
13557:
13502:
13366:
12503:
11782:
10855:
10323:
9487:
8947:
8514:
8158:
8091:
7588:
7415:
7399:
6700:
6453:
6297:
6210:
5980:
5777:
5737:
5673:
5455:
5300:
5198:
5079:
5011:
4953:
4949:
4258:
4069:
3610:
3486:
3362:
2975:
2942:
2613:
2451:
2432:
1257:
1218:
1201:
1076:
885:
869:
838:
218:
152:
110:
30:
22989:
22121:
21944:
21928:
21748:
18937:"Trail of Tears – Learn more about the Cherokee and the tragic Trail-of-Tears"
18630:
Increased deadliness of warfare, see for example Hanson, ch. 6. See also
18333:
Biological Warfare in Eighteenth-Century North America: Beyond Jeffery Amherst
17963:
15922:
15387:
Their Number Become Thinned: Native American Dynamics in Eastern North America
13480:
of the original founding population of Native Americans was about 250 people.
5578:
25604:
25355:
25219:
25211:
25179:
24745:
24340:
23391:
22969:
22964:
22856:
22806:
22801:
22786:
22776:
22771:
22521:
22398:
22210:
22187:
21798:
21642:
21611:
21579:
21523:
21491:
21330:
21290:
21280:
21275:
21265:
21260:
21195:
21190:
21145:
20709:
20666:
20055:
19996:
19882:
19420:
19398:
19175:
19129:
19125:
18121:
17918:
15964:
15940:
15244:
15125:
15046:
14889:
14850:
14726:
14717:
14700:
14424:
14262:
13822:
13785:
13761:
13461:
13437:
12472:
11904:
11359:
10542:
9946:
8932:
8867:
8803:
8739:
8723:
8578:
8030:
7866:
7552:
7462:
7238:
7130:
7084:
6315:
6190:
6107:
5234:
4553:
4330:
4299:
4266:
4210:
3928:
3795:
3330:
3247:
3118:
3086:
3053:
2563:
2400:
2072:
1778:
1442:
1253:
971:
935:
245:– 451,795) numbered at 1,400,685, or 4.3% of the country's total population.
212:
populations were relatively peaceful. However repeated outbreaks of European
201:
21889:
21885:
20877:
20872:
17817:
17293:
Upton, Leslie (1977). "The Extermination of the Beothucks of Newfoundland".
15816:
15615:"The Daily – Aboriginal peoples in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census"
14842:
25331:
24865:
24775:
23172:
23127:
23077:
23067:
23047:
23015:
22916:
22871:
22851:
22636:
22616:
22581:
22496:
22481:
22300:
22172:
21881:
21857:
21813:
21763:
21758:
21647:
21632:
21616:
21481:
21432:
21427:
21402:
21380:
21345:
21225:
20927:
20862:
20819:
20594:
20248:
19986:
19976:
19971:
19089:"'It's Called Genocide': Newsom Apologizes to the State's Native Americans"
18958:"New Echota State Historic Site | Department of Natural Resources Division"
18204:
Koch, Alexander; Brierley, Chris; Maslin, Mark M.; Lewis, Simon L. (2019).
17816:
Guilmet, George M; Boyd, Robert T; Whited, David L; Thompson, Nile (1991).
17726:
17635:
17544:
17502:
16398:
15336:
15293:
15257:
15064:
14224:
14161:
children, and prisoners, whether in the context of a battle or otherwise").
14052:
13913:
13668:
13613:
13577:
13569:
13511:
13449:
13107:
13076:
12879:
12507:
12422:
12390:
12330:
12114:
12051:
11936:
11814:
11429:
11313:
11283:
11251:
11128:
11080:
11000:
10968:
10936:
10919:
10871:
10823:
10699:
10680:
10558:
10526:
10431:
10399:
10367:
10307:
10278:
10196:
10060:
10025:
9967:
9930:
9899:
9868:
9827:
9755:
9723:
9692:
9655:
9584:
9361:
9330:
9270:
9239:
9207:
9158:
9048:
8986:
8916:
8884:
8691:
8624:
8562:
8530:
8462:
8430:
8385:
8369:
8333:
8298:
8235:
8202:
8173:
8106:
7997:
7722:
7668:
7652:
7620:
7193:
7099:
7043:
7024:
6864:
6835:
6766:
6735:
6245:
6194:
6142:
6011:
5976:
5940:
5773:
5753:
5559:
5358:
5251:
5214:
5152:
5047:
4971:
4945:
4788:
4611:
4458:
4454:
4367:
4241:
4177:
4158:
3531:
3496:
3463:
3444:
3426:
3217:
3201:
2893:
2364:
2158:
2123:
2088:
2053:
2015:
1993:
1976:
1888:
1858:
1309:
932:(60,000 in 1841 & approx. 75,000 in 1836, ca. half of them in the USA)
802:
261:
176:
168:
43:
23878:
21365:
19359:
19225:
19153:
19065:
18737:
16857:. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology. pp. 140–142.
16700:. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 251–272.
16438:. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology. pp. 216–221.
16085:. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology. pp. 180–185.
15753:
James H. Steward, « The Native population of South America » in
14908:
14481:(possibly the largest of all) – had 14,000 inhabitants before an epidemic.
14056:
968:(60,000 in 1841 & approx. 75,000 in 1836, ca. half of them in Canada)
273:
Comparative table of estimates of the pre-Columbian population (millions)
25243:
24955:
24948:
24560:
23687:
23581:
23025:
22906:
22886:
22751:
22611:
22601:
22486:
22230:
21877:
21867:
21486:
21417:
21270:
21240:
20947:
20839:
20719:
20599:
19540:
American Indian Holocaust and Survival: ˜a Œpopulation History Since 1492
19209:
19137:
19133:
18796:"The new book 'The Other Slavery' will make you rethink American history"
15733:
15693:
15651:(1 ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. pp. 81–84.
14881:
14069:
14031:
13926:
13752:
13704:
13622:
13169:
12269:
11830:
8967:
8154:
7952:
7768:
7516:
6584:
6469:
5953:
5509:
5099:
4693:
4255:(1,500 families in 1702,1,600 warriors in 1764 and 8,000 people in 1819)
4106:
4090:
4086:
3932:
3492:
3294:
3263:
2741:
2483:
2107:
1589:
1548:
1342:
1166:
249:
172:
18471:; Peckham, Howard H.; University of Chicago Press; 1947; pp. 170, 226–27
18454:
Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present
17926:
16779:
16763:
16637:
16187:. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology. pp. 34–39.
15907:"Prehistoric demography of North America inferred from radiocarbon data"
15891:
5897:
25251:
24830:
24791:
24372:
24268:
23847:
23062:
22959:
22831:
22746:
22571:
21915:
21753:
21733:
21175:
20967:
20729:
19991:
19961:
19708:
19462:
The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America
19216:. Vol. 1: Genocide in the Ancient, Medieval and Premodern Worlds.
19013:
18846:
The other slavery: The uncovered story of Indian enslavement in America
18759:
The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America
18631:
18164:
17988:
The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America
17223:
16862:
16722:
16443:
16192:
16090:
15737:
15361:
American Indian holocaust and survival: a population history since 1492
15175:"European Slaughter of Indigenous Americans May Have Cooled the Planet"
14131:
14013:
13874:
13766:
13721:
13717:
13515:
13214:
13092:
13072:
12315:
11572:
11235:
11016:
10415:
9950:
9803:
9377:
9315:
8971:
8122:
7917:
7363:
7271:
6505:
6062:
5757:
5702:
5643:
5315:
4913:
4723:
4591:
4434:
4282:
3989:
2325:
2278:
2274:
2241:
2208:
2142:
1745:
1630:
1080:
226:
24568:
22661:
21360:
18608:
Indian Conquistadors: Indigenous Allies in the Conquest of Mesoamerica
17688:
17256:
17020:
16959:
Annual report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, for the year 1863
16390:
15429:
24809:
24798:
24276:
23935:
22836:
22666:
21936:
21932:
21907:
21657:
20992:
20882:
19016:. tahtonka (Global Culture, Exploring the Humanities of Humans). 2000
18957:
18315:; Francis Jennings; W. W. Norton & Company; 1988; pp. 200, 447–48
17443:. Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development. pp. 4–6.
15729:
15725:
15629:"Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: First Nations People, Métis and Inuit"
14138:
13581:
13469:
13409:
12923:
11920:
11539:
10985:
10603:
8963:
7431:
7359:
6331:
6158:
6027:
5391:
4587:
4418:
4384:
4315:
3875:
3763:
3392:
3103:
3069:
3037:
2416:
2384:
1659:
1273:
664:
warriors (therefore at least 5–25 people) per lodge, cabin or house.
94:
21441:
21111:
19828:
When Native Americans Were Slaughtered in the Name of 'Civilization'
19700:
18156:
14211:
Canadian Indian residential school system § Canadian government
14121:
14109:
13920:
to attack the dominant Indigenous civilization. Empires such as the
25576:
Defense for Children International – Palestine et al v. Biden et al
24872:
24851:
24823:
24768:
23633:
23303:
23035:
22999:
22949:
22811:
22596:
21923:
21773:
21315:
21310:
21200:
21180:
20243:
19565:
19304:
Numbers from Nowhere: The American Indian Contact Population Debate
18404:; Annie Heloise Abel; Books for Libraries Press; 1932; pp. 319, 394
16382:
16242:
The State of Native America: Genocide, Colonization, and Resistance
15721:
15537:
15487:
Handbook of North American Indians: Indians in Contemporary Society
15456:
15399:
15275:
14933:
14044:
14025:
13609:
13425:
12099:
11643:
11607:
11396:
10787:
10731:
10665:
10273:
10259:
9884:
9807:
9541:
9190:
8901:
7836:
7800:
7080:
6818:
5957:
5268:
4991:
4758:
3983:
3936:
3860:
3669:
2772:
2245:
2038:
2028:
1827:
1728:
1238:
1059:
1055:
987:
818:
102:
47:
21335:
19284:
Carnage and culture: landmark battles in the rise of Western power
18416:; Donald R. Hopkins; University of Chicago Press; 1983; pp. 270–71
16613:
on 14 February 2022 – via Nebraska State Historical Society.
242:
133:
125:
23042:
22526:
22403:
22325:
21919:
21456:
21340:
21081:
20977:
20952:
20937:
20857:
20852:
20809:
20784:
20754:
16560:
The history and culture of the Mandan, Hidatsa, Sahnish (Arikara)
14509:
14060:
14036:
13565:
13561:
13553:
13527:
13523:
13015:
12346:
12309:
12036:
11268:
11113:
11109:
10693:
10107:
10103:
9915:
9847:
9672:
9639:
9439:
9184:
8675:
8446:
8282:
7706:
7637:
7529:
7209:
7146:
6978:
6782:
6518:
6391:
6265:
5407:
5136:
5095:
5063:
5031:
4605:
4489:
4343:
3827:
3420:
3161:
3135:
3007:
2913:
2845:
2547:
2445:
2136:
2101:
2066:
1920:
1509:
1403:
1195:
1128:
749:
160:
during that period. Other studies have disputed this conclusion.
21385:
20511:
18822:"The Other Slavery: An Interview with Historian Andrés Reséndez"
18018:
The Divide: A Brief Guide to Global Inequality and its Solutions
17467:"Genetic Variation and Population Structure in Native Americans"
17423:. Boston: University of Massachusetts Boston. pp. 13 (map).
14219:(BIA) formally apologized for the agency's participation in the
13985:
Forced education of indigenous children in White-run schools ...
1695:
24939:
22388:
21862:
21852:
21235:
21230:
21155:
21091:
20972:
20922:
20912:
20887:
16811:"Indian Agent Thomas Twiss, Man of Two Worlds | WyoHistory.org"
16799:. Philadelphia: Office of Indian Rights Association. p. 5.
15870:
A Pest in the Land: New World Epidemics in a Global Perspective
15741:
15242:"La catastrophe démographique" (The Demographic Catastrophe"),
14478:
14077:
Amerindians were enslaved between Columbus's arrival and 1900.
14040:
13789:
13617:
13549:
13465:
13445:
13243:
12955:
12718:
12631:
12539:
12067:
11533:
11176:
11144:
10510:
10138:
10010:
9346:
9286:
9127:
9095:
9032:
8837:
8350:
8218:
7936:
7900:
7804:
7738:
7702:
7037:
6751:
6652:
6229:
6126:
5475:
5338:
5126:
4883:
4852:
4655:
4002:
3898:
2710:
2678:
2307:
1709:
In 1910 still numbered 29,624 people in Arizona and New Mexico
1691:
1624:
1515:
1479:
1024:
19770:
Is the Holocaust unique?: perspectives on comparative genocide
18483:; Anderson, Fred; New York: Knopf; 2000; pp. 541–42, 809 n11;
17781:
17460:
17378:
Global Perspectives on Long Term Community Resource Management
16796:
History and Condition of the Catawba Indians of South Carolina
15198:
14866:
God, Greed, and Genocide: The Holocaust Through the Centuries,
13728:
created public fountains and aqueducts to guarantee access to
8771:
24504:
24162:
23132:
21502:
21446:
21437:
21325:
20902:
18375:; Paul Kelton; University of Oklahoma Press; 2015; pp. 102–05
17818:"The Legacy of Introduced Disease: The Southern Coast Salish"
14035:, and treated their subjects as something between slaves and
13573:
13534:
13453:
11330:
10504:
10352:
9843:
9772:
9676:
9607:
9504:
8765:
8608:
7601:
7367:
6720:
6488:
5866:
5544:
5471:
5439:
5169:
4349:
4142:
3516:
3167:
2580:
715:
238:
209:
22084:
Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
20651:
19490:
American Indian population recovery in the twentieth century
18610:. University of Oklahoma Press; Reprint edition. p. 1.
16840:. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1886. p. 896.
16355:
Seven Years' Residence in the Great Deserts of North America
15757:, tome V, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin, p. 655-668.
15011:
23602:
23092:
19606:. Amateur website, but reports data from scholarly sources.
19482:. Washington, D.C.: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1992.
19442:. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press.
18637:
17869:; John Aberth; Pearson-Prentice Hall (2007); pp. 47–75 (51)
14526:
epidemic, and in fact it killed just around 1,000 warriors.
13921:
13625:, no such rebound occurred for the Indigenous populations.
13440:
can be seen, as well as a decreasing genetic similarity to
8707:
6042:
5132:
2515:
2212:
2034:
1999:
1096:
18931:
18929:
18077:
Uniqueness as Denial: The Politics of Genocide Scholarship
15801:"North American Indian Population Size, A.D. 1500 to 1985"
14672:"Disease Has Never Been Just Disease for Native Americans"
14200:
729:
5,000 lodges in 1846, averaging over ten people per lodge
25441:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
18278:
18183:
17815:
17785:
De Orbe Novo, the Eight Decades of Peter Martyr D'Anghera
14185:". The tribes affected by this specific removal were the
13421:
13420:
and population structure in the American land mass using
4821:
2594:
At least 4,400 cabins (on average at least 200 per town)
181:
180:
least one Native South American ancestor, according to a
19812:
The theft of Native Americans' land, in one animated map
19761:
Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History
18988:"Time to confront U.S. destruction of Indigenous people"
18444:; R. G. Robertson; Caxton Press; 2001 pp. 80–83; 298–312
17754:. Vol. 1. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 184.
17246:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 134.
16506:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 133.
19531:
The Effect of Smallpox on the Destiny of the Amerindian
18926:
18502:; University of New Mexico Press; 1987; pp. 147–48
18390:
The Effect of Smallpox on the Destiny of the Amerindian
18203:
17201:. Vol. IV. Ottawa: I. B. Taylor. 1876. p. 68.
15089:
15071:
13514:, as recorded by the Spaniards themselves, such as the
13405:
Y-DNA haplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the Americas
105:; direct violence by settlers and their allies through
18:"American Holocaust" redirects here. For the book, see
19867:
19264:
Born to Die: Disease and New World Conquest, 1492–1650
18099:
15425:
15423:
14490:
It was also reported they had 25–32 towns or villages.
13838:
in 1803. In 1831, government officials vaccinated the
669:
Highest available estimates: probable population peaks
25552:
International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine
24091:
Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction
22079:
Painting in the Americas before European colonization
19719:
1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus
19668:
Ancient North America: The Archaeology of a Continent
19480:
1492 and All That: Political Manipulations of History
19440:
Vectors of Death: The Archaeology of European Contact
19380:
1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus
18877:
Carlos A. Floria and César A. García Belsunce, 1971.
18685:
18500:
Vectors of Death: The Archaeology of European Contact
17322:
A Guide to the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest
17218:. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. p. 16.
16764:"Aboriginal Populations of the Lower Northwest Coast"
16717:. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. p. 13.
16261:. Boston: Benjamin B. Mussey & Co. pp. 9–11.
16258:
Biography and history of the Indians of North America
16244:. Boston, Massachusetts: South End Press. p. 38.
15853:"Setting Demographic Limits: The North American Case"
15593:"Censuses of Canada 1665 to 1871: Aboriginal peoples"
13483:
13399:
Genetic history of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
25520:
International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur
17215:
The aboriginal population of America north of Mexico
16714:
The aboriginal population of America north of Mexico
15941:"Eastern North American Population at ca. A.D. 1500"
15477:
14701:"Germs, Genocides, and America's Indigenous Peoples"
14553:
They had approx. 4,000 warriors and ca. 40 villages.
14339:
Classification of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
14238:
13853:
13498:
History of smallpox § Epidemics in the Americas
23234:
19639:
Beyond Germs: Native Depopulation in North America.
17747:
16130:. Vol. IV. The University of New Mexico Press.
15420:
14477:They had approx. 7 pueblos (towns), one of which –
14215:On 8 September 2000, the head of the United States
14043:lords with often, but unsuccessful lobbying to the
13432:worldwide. The Amerindian populations show a lower
19738:
19687:Jones, David S. (2003). "Virgin Soils Revisited".
19665:
19583: (archived 22 September 2006), 10 August 1997.
19487:
18703:
18074:
17240:Cultural and natural areas of Native North America
16500:Cultural and natural areas of Native North America
15716:Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America
15531:
14806:An Indigenous Peoples History of the United States
137:Illustration of Indigenous people of South America
129:Illustration of Indigenous people of North America
19512:American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World
18921:The Oxford Companion to American Military History
18511:War not a major cause : Thornton, pp. 47–49.
18047:American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World
18040:
17461:Wang, Sijia; Lewis, Cecil M; Jakobsson, Mattias;
17420:Genocide and the Indians of California, 1769-1873
17114:"Extinct native american tribes of North America"
15450:
15430:Herbert C. Northcott; Donna Marie Wilson (2008).
14987:Annals of the Association of American Geographers
14746:American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World
14739:
14646:American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World
14639:
2825:(1,100 warriors in 4 tribes, in total 12 tribes)
1456:5,000 – 6,000 cabins/lodges & 7,600 warriors
25602:
25409:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
25155:
19568:, History News Network, originally published in
19566:"Were American Indians the Victims of Genocide?"
18605:
18545:
16803:
15510:
15364:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 26–32.
15015:"A genetic history of the pre-contact Caribbean"
14960:20th century estimates in Thornton, p. 22;
14324:List of Indian reservations in the United States
14309:History of Native Americans in the United States
12850:Extinct Native American tribes of North America
8016:Extinct Native American tribes of North America
5629:Extinct native American tribes of North America
24349:German atrocities committed against Soviet POWs
22151:
19397:
18789:
18787:
18785:
18783:
18643:
18180:"America colonisation 'cooled Earth's climate'"
17522:
15564:
15436:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 25–27.
15393:
14319:List of Indian reserves in Canada by population
13413:Statue of Cuauhtemoc in el Zócalo, Mexico City.
2693:(3,680 warriors in 27 divisions or "kingdoms")
22059:Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
22044:Category: Archaeological sites in the Americas
19543:. Norman : University of Oklahoma Press.
19306:. Norman : University of Oklahoma Press.
18982:
18980:
18978:
18442:Rotting Face: Smallpox and the American Indian
18363:; Barbara Alice Mann; ABC-CLIO; 2009; pp. 1–18
17943:
17904:
17751:Encyclopedia of slave resistance and rebellion
17551:
15568:Rotting Face: Smallpox and the American Indian
15538:William G. Dean; Geoffrey J. Matthews (1998).
15457:Michael R. Haines; Richard H. Steckel (2000).
15400:Michael R. Haines; Richard H. Steckel (2000).
14934:Michael R. Haines; Richard H. Steckel (2000).
14927:
14779:. Yale University Press. pp. 11–17, 381.
14165:
13476:. A new study in early 2018 suggests that the
1356:(at least 16 towns in the early 19th century)
1323:(one of their towns had 400 families in 1751)
25616:History of indigenous peoples of the Americas
24642:Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War
23618:
23220:
22137:
20637:
20497:
19853:
17850:; Cambridge University Press; 1998; pp. 1–14.
17651:"Ancient Man in Greenland Has Genome Decoded"
17325:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 129.
17092:
17090:
17088:
17086:
17084:
17082:
17080:
17078:
17076:
17074:
17072:
17070:
17068:
17005:
17003:
16875:
16698:The Native Population of the Americas in 1492
15938:
15558:
14698:
14535:They had approx. 6,000 warriors and 24 towns.
14097:Native American genocide in the United States
14051:to pay Tlaxcalan war demnities. The infamous
23329:Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories
19170:
18780:
18748:
18746:
18655:
17867:The First Horseman: Disease in Human History
17862:
17860:
17858:
17856:
17822:American Indian Culture and Research Journal
17593:
17591:
17371:
17159:. Boca Raton, Florida: Universal Publishers.
17066:
17064:
17062:
17060:
17058:
17056:
17054:
17052:
17050:
17048:
16593:"Teton Sioux: Population History, 1655–1881"
16123:
16004:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 45.
15997:
15976:
15974:
15872:, University of New Mexico Press, p.147-172.
15771:Población indígena y el mestizaje en América
15621:
15504:
14803:
14699:Edwards, Tai S; Kelton, Paul (1 June 2020).
14404:Racism in the United States#Native Americans
13997:European enslavement of Indigenous Americans
13958:, genocidal methods included the following:
13743:One such threat was delivered by fur trader
1073:(at least 100 towns in 1789 per Henry Knox)
196:prior to colonization and on the effects of
25528:International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh
25268:Post–World War II Romanian war crime trials
19807:Indigenous Genocide in the Brazilian Amazon
19797:Article by Alan Rinding on Brazil's Indians
19591:, Chapter 3: Pre-Twentieth Century Democide
19415:. Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press.
19212:; Lemos, T. M.; Taylor, Tristan S. (eds.).
18975:
18710:. University Press of America. p. 44.
18464:
18462:
18437:
18435:
18245:Maslin, Mark; Lewis, Simon (25 June 2020).
18244:
17372:Jones, Terry L.; Codding, Brian F. (2019).
15939:Milner, George R.; Chaplin, George (2010).
15835:The Native Population of the Americas, 1492
15490:. Government Printing Office. p. 285.
15389:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
15238:
15236:
15234:
15232:
15230:
15228:
15226:
14105:Round Valley Settler Massacres of 1856–1859
13628:Similarly, historian Jeffrey Ostler at the
13530:. The most notable account was that of the
5592:(by 1888 population was 10% of 1793 level)
4774:Cutting Marsh in Wisconsin Hist. Coll., XV
4083:1,200 lodges of southern Bannock (in 1829)
25475:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
23625:
23611:
23227:
23213:
22144:
22130:
20644:
20630:
20504:
20490:
19860:
19846:
19649:. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press.
19604:"The Annihilation of the Native Americans"
19577:How many people were here before Columbus?
19437:
19247:. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press.
18902:, Yale University Press, 2016, 692 pages,
18572:
18402:Chardon's Journal at Fort Clark, 1834–1839
18385:
18383:
18381:
17881:"How Aztecs Reacted to Colonial Epidemics"
17678:. The University of Kansas. 27 April 2018.
17518:
17516:
17514:
17512:
17157:The History and Future of Narragansett Bay
17000:
16738:"Taos Pueblo and Its Neighbors, 1540–1847"
16674:Primitive society and its vital statistics
16654:Primitive society and its vital statistics
16540:Primitive society and its vital statistics
16520:Primitive society and its vital statistics
16480:Primitive society and its vital statistics
16460:Primitive society and its vital statistics
16415:Primitive society and its vital statistics
16332:Primitive society and its vital statistics
16312:Primitive society and its vital statistics
16292:Primitive society and its vital statistics
16223:Primitive society and its vital statistics
16164:Primitive society and its vital statistics
16144:Primitive society and its vital statistics
16107:Primitive society and its vital statistics
16062:Primitive society and its vital statistics
16028:Primitive society and its vital statistics
15984:Primitive society and its vital statistics
15585:
15544:. University of Toronto Press. p. 2.
15463:. Cambridge University Press. p. 13.
15406:. Cambridge University Press. p. 12.
15260:"The Ancestry of Brazilian mtDNA Lineages"
14940:. Cambridge University Press. p. 12.
6045:: 700 warriors just in one of five towns)
2361:1,000 lodges just among the Lower Chinook
25626:Colonization history of the United States
24098:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
22652:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
22049:Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
19766:
19641:Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
19485:
19124:
19006:
18743:
18667:
18474:
18414:Princes and Peasants: Smallpox in History
18299:
18297:
18295:
18229:
17853:
17716:
17706:
17625:
17615:
17588:
17557:
17492:
17482:
17456:
17454:
17452:
17450:
17437:A history of Alaska population settlement
17312:
17108:
17106:
17104:
17045:
16670:
16650:
16536:
16516:
16476:
16456:
16411:
16328:
16308:
16288:
16219:
16160:
16140:
16103:
16058:
16024:
15980:
15971:
15805:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
15644:
15283:
15115:
15054:
14863:
14716:
14249:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal
14113:Mass grave of Lakota dead after the 1890
14087:List of Indian massacres in North America
13392:
8784:(three subdivisions x 100 warriors each)
7549:220 tents, on average 10 people per tent
899:7,000 houses only in two largest pueblos
25646:Demographic history by country or region
20653:Pre-Columbian civilizations and cultures
19633:Cameron, Catherine M., Paul Kelton, and
19536:
19508:
19456:
19330:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
19320:
18843:
18815:
18813:
18752:
18459:
18432:
18407:
18395:
18356:
18354:
18352:
18327:
18325:
18323:
18321:
17981:
17809:
17642:
17433:
17035:The Thompson Indians of British Columbia
16556:
16351:
15881:
15798:
15671:
15640:
15638:
15357:
15223:
15077:
14749:. Oxford University Press. p. 146.
14649:. Oxford University Press. p. 151.
14544:They inhabited up to 11 pueblos (towns).
14120:
14108:
14000:
13894:
13886:
13662:
13501:
13408:
6347:J. Barber in J. Chase and J. R. Swanton
5849:(Tenino, Tygh, Wyam, John Day, Tilquni)
2659:Zia was the largest of 5 Puname pueblos
132:
124:
29:
23970:Indigenous peoples in the United States
19736:
19529:Stearn, E. Wagner and Allen E. Stearn.
19214:The Cambridge World History of Genocide
19188:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.001.0001
19180:The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies
19142:The Cambridge World History of Genocide
18819:
18378:
17977:
17975:
17973:
17840:
17509:
17236:
17188:
17186:
17130:
16850:
16757:
16755:
16735:
16695:
16496:
16431:
16278:. New York: J. B. Alden. pp. 9–11.
16180:
16078:
15832:
15728:dans l'Amérique centrale; il inclut le
15692:
15648:The Ecological Indian: Myth and History
15517:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 43–44.
14984:
14906:
14828:
14571:They inhabited up to 7 pueblos (towns).
14562:Later an epidemic ravaged them in 1618.
14201:Later apologies by government officials
12555:Maryland at a glance: Native Americans
7448:N. H. Hist. Coll., I and J. R. Swanton
4364:9 towns, 600 families in the main town
2696:R. Evelin, Th. Donaldson & Swanton
1604:(ca. half in Canada, ca. 1,500 lodges)
1563:(ca. half in the US, ca. 1,500 lodges)
658:
25603:
19802:Colonial Brazil: Portuguese, Tupi, etc
19644:
19624:
19354:(4th ed.). Taylor & Francis.
19351:Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction
19301:
19280:
19242:
18793:
18292:
18142:
18015:
17878:
17561:The Journey of Man – A Genetic Odyssey
17447:
17211:
17150:
17148:
17146:
17144:
17101:
16792:
16761:
16710:
16691:
16689:
16687:
16623:
16368:
16239:
15934:
15932:
15384:
15264:The American Journal of Human Genetics
15172:
14774:
14669:
14605:
13621:of Europe who rebounded following the
11316:& Carolina – The Native Americans
11286:& Carolina – The Native Americans
11254:& Carolina – The Native Americans
10971:& Carolina – The Native Americans
10939:& Carolina – The Native Americans
10874:& Carolina – The Native Americans
10434:& Carolina – The Native Americans
10370:& Carolina – The Native Americans
10028:& Carolina – The Native Americans
9758:& Carolina – The Native Americans
9658:& Carolina – The Native Americans
8887:& Carolina – The Native Americans
8533:& Carolina – The Native Americans
8238:& Carolina – The Native Americans
5495:& Carolina – The Native Americans
2727:W. Sanstead & Indian Affairs 1836
1423:(ca. 1/4 in Canada, ca. 2,000 lodges)
1387:(ca. 3/4 in the US, ca. 6,000 lodges)
698:Lodges/cabins/houses/tents/tipis etc.
120:
34:Contemporary illustration of the 1868
25631:Native American-related controversies
25505:
25386:
25154:
25131:Mass killings under communist regimes
24656:
24419:
24114:
23775:
23655:
23606:
23208:
22125:
20625:
20485:
19841:
19686:
19663:
19610:Jeffrey Amherst and Smallpox Blankets
19344:
19204:
19086:
18810:
18691:
18679:
18447:
18349:
18318:
17879:Herzog, Richard (23 September 2020).
17416:
17292:
17154:
16876:Warrick, Gary; Lesage, Louis (2016).
16347:
16345:
16275:The aboriginal races of North America
16271:
16254:
16043:
16041:
15904:
15864:
15862:
15846:
15844:
15828:
15826:
15635:
15617:. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017.
15460:A Population History of North America
15403:A Population History of North America
14937:A Population History of North America
14907:Denevan, William M. (15 March 1992).
14580:Extrapolated from 3,000 warriors × 5.
14499:Extrapolated from 8,000 warriors × 5.
14304:Native Americans in the United States
14149:engaged in what they presented as a "
13800:Most scholars have asserted that the
13710:
13494:Native American disease and epidemics
5489:(at least 500 warriors in year 1777)
5388:(1,000 warriors under chief Casanow)
3914:Lopez de Velasco & J. R. Swanton
25080:Terminology of the Armenian genocide
19715:
19376:
19261:
19051:
18272:
18177:
17970:
17948:. Boston: Beacon Press. p. 40.
17648:
17318:
17183:
17169:
17031:
16941:
16752:
16590:
15850:
15306:
15248:n°322, July–August 2007, p. 17.
15146:
14770:
14768:
14766:
14694:
14692:
13949:Spanish colonization of the Americas
13871:Spanish colonization of the Americas
13522:, but in practice was tantamount to
12552:They lived in Delaware and Maryland
7163:Mass. Hist. Coll. and J. R. Swanton
4968:(tribes of Yakonan language family)
3481:(includes 7,100 mainland Cowichan /
2293:H. H. Davis and Indian Affairs 1854
1529:(half in the US and half in Canada)
1493:(half in the US and half in Canada)
248:The population debate has often had
79:Christopher Columbus' voyage in 1492
25316:War crimes trials in Soviet Estonia
23123:Norse colonization of North America
21077:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Venezuela
18522:"Bureau of Indian Affairs | USAGov"
17834:10.17953/aicr.15.4.133g8x7135072136
17782:Anghiera Pietro Martire D' (2009).
17597:
17558:Wells, Spencer; Read, Mark (2002).
17141:
16684:
15929:
14389:Racism in Canada#Indigenous peoples
13951:also included genocidal massacres.
13858:
13850:refused vaccination and many died.
13802:1837 Great Plains smallpox epidemic
10905:John Lawson, "History of Carolina"
221:, who controlled most of the early
13:
22069:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas
21048:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Colombia
20136:
19869:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
19617:
19494:. University of New Mexico Press.
18427:Great Speeches by Native Americans
18178:Amos, Jonathan (31 January 2019).
17565:(Digitised online by Google books)
17134:The Indian Tribes of North America
16854:The Indian tribes of North America
16435:The Indian tribes of North America
16342:
16184:The Indian tribes of North America
16134:
16124:De Benavides, Fray Alonso (1945).
16082:The Indian tribes of North America
16038:
15859:
15841:
15823:
15789:, 7, n°4, octobre 1966, p.395-449.
15755:Handbook of South American Indians
15541:Concise Historical Atlas of Canada
14999:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1992.tb01965.x
14369:Smallpox epidemics in the Americas
13757:History of Baptist Indian Missions
13490:Influx of disease in the Caribbean
13484:Depopulation by Old World diseases
7754:W. M. Denevan & J. R. Swanton
6697:(decimated by epidemics in 1830s)
6557:Shawomets and Cowsetts (Cowesets)
4539:W. M. Denevan & J. R. Swanton
3441:(2,400 warriors in 3 large towns)
1939:in 1635: 30,000 Christian Indians
1146:est. 50,000 & 15,000 in 1702)
1001:Nearly 60 towns destroyed in 1779
60:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
14:
25657:
25641:Ethnic cleansing in South America
25636:Ethnic cleansing in North America
21060:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Ecuador
21031:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Bolivia
19779:
19629:. University of New Mexico Press.
19558:
18820:Lindley, Robin (8 January 2017).
18573:Cartwright, Mark (October 2015).
18552:. Pearson Education. p. 12.
17567:. Random House. pp. 138–40.
15911:Journal of Archaeological Science
15744:aux terres basses sudaméricaines.
15718:, University of California Press.
15173:Geggel, Laura (8 February 2019).
14763:
14689:
14670:Ostler, Jeffrey (29 April 2020).
14008:, Genoa, Museum of World Cultures
13854:Depopulation by European conquest
13695:. A century after the arrival of
13584:, which were chronic in Eurasia.
9081:Censuses of Canada, 1665 to 1871
7286:Jessica M. Shadian, Mark Nuttall
5913:Censuses of Canada, 1665 to 1871
3023:J. A. Maurault and J. R. Swanton
2755:Still reported at 16,800 in 1841
2724:1,000+ lodges and 3,500 warriors
1874:J. A. Maurault and J. R. Swanton
1844:J. A. Maurault and J. R. Swanton
25506:
25387:
24657:
24420:
24115:
23776:
23302:
23236:
22101:
21053:Archaeological sites in Colombia
21026:Cultures of Pre-Cabraline Brazil
20610:
19916:
19515:. Oxford University Press, USA.
19080:
19045:
19028:
18950:
18913:
18892:
18871:
18862:
18836:
18731:
18697:
18673:
18661:
18649:
18624:
18599:
18566:
18539:
18514:
18505:
18493:
18419:
18366:
18306:
18273:Kent, Lauren (1 February 2019).
18266:
18238:
18197:
18171:
18136:
18114:10.5749/wicazosareview.30.1.0100
18093:
18068:
18034:
18009:
17937:
17898:
17872:
17775:
17741:
17682:
17668:
17427:
17410:
17365:
17349:. 17 August 2015. Archived from
17339:
17301:
17286:
17261:
17250:
17230:
17205:
17195:Censuses of Canada, 1665 to 1871
17163:
17124:
17025:
17014:
16989:
16963:
16952:
16935:
16902:
16869:
16844:
16828:
16786:
16729:
16704:
16664:
14283:
14269:
14255:
14241:
12972:Carolina – The Native Americans
11221:Carolina – The Native Americans
11192:Carolina – The Native Americans
9996:Carolina – The Native Americans
9393:Carolina – The Native Americans
9301:Carolina – The Native Americans
8853:Carolina – The Native Americans
6048:Carolina – The Native Americans
4024:Gary Warrick & Louis Lesage
3682:1,000 lodges and 2,000 warriors
2397:They consisted of 12 sub-tribes
1975:(30,000 under the rule of chief
1742:201 towns enumerated by Swanton
763:102 towns enumerated by Swanton
23929:Indigenous peoples in Australia
23656:
23143:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
21036:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Chile
19737:McNeill, William Hardy (1998).
19625:Alchon, Suzanne Austin (2003).
19112:
18469:Pontiac and the Indian Uprising
18344:The Journal of American History
18231:10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.004
18145:The Journal of American History
18079:. Westview Press. p. 255.
17708:10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0087
17537:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.03.014
17097:Carolina – The Native Americans
16768:The Pacific Northwest Quarterly
16644:
16626:The Pacific Northwest Quarterly
16617:
16584:
16570:
16557:Sanstead, Dr. Wayne G. (2002).
16550:
16530:
16510:
16490:
16470:
16450:
16425:
16405:
16362:
16322:
16302:
16282:
16265:
16248:
16233:
16213:
16199:
16174:
16154:
16117:
16097:
16072:
16052:
16018:
15991:
15898:
15875:
15792:
15776:
15760:
15747:
15705:
15686:
15677:
15665:
15607:
15378:
15351:
15300:
15251:
15214:
15192:
15166:
15140:
15117:10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.004
15083:
15005:
14978:
14954:
14900:
14574:
14565:
14556:
14547:
14538:
14529:
14515:
14502:
14493:
14484:
14471:
14457:
14448:
14439:
14430:
14416:
14329:Amazonas before the Inca Empire
14074:enslavement of Native Americans
14012:Some Spaniards objected to the
13990:
13916:and tens of thousands of their
13825:'s 1796 demonstration that the
13691:, according to scientists from
13605:University of California, Davis
9035:, Nestucca, Salmon River tribe
7254:Capers Jones and J. R. Swanton
3409:E. J. Boesch and J. R. Swanton
24845:Genocide of indigenous peoples
24444:Indigenous peoples in Paraguay
23745:Mongols in the Delhi Sultanate
19786:Aboriginal peoples populations
19689:The William and Mary Quarterly
19266:. Cambridge University Press.
18020:. Windmill Books. p. 70.
17695:Genetics and Molecular Biology
17525:Forensic Science International
17237:Kroeber, Alfred Louis (1939).
16497:Kroeber, Alfred Louis (1939).
16272:Drake, Samuel Gardner (1880).
16255:Drake, Samuel Gardner (1849).
14857:
14831:The American Historical Review
14822:
14804:Dunbar-Ortiz, Roxanne (2014).
14797:
14733:
14663:
14633:
14599:
14349:Genocide of Indigenous peoples
13816:
12969:(36 warriors and one village)
7636:Tapanash (Eneeshur) including
1982:Ho. Doc. 1839–1840 and Meares
267:
1:
25560:Ukraine v. Russian Federation
23864:Jews in the Cossack Hetmanate
21980:Spanish Conquest of Guatemala
21041:Archaeological sites in Chile
19464:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
19281:Hanson, Victor Davis (2002).
18794:Trever, David (13 May 2016).
17944:Gilio-Whitaker, Dina (2019).
15998:Royce Blaine, Martha (1979).
15799:Ubelaker, Douglas H. (1988).
15329:10.1126/science.268.5217.1601
14612:. Penguin Books. p. 40.
14587:
13352:, Jones & Codding, Field
9454:300 families in 5 rancherias
8232:(Cusabo 1,300 and Cusso 600)
6912:Martha's Vineyard Wampanoag (
6248:and Sekani Indians of Canada
5715:300+ cabins and 800 warriors
3625:R. Mills and H. Lewis Scaife
25491:Croatia–Serbia genocide case
25292:Nuremberg Military Tribunals
25138:Anti-communist mass killings
23872:Indigenous peoples in Canada
23808:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
23632:
23108:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
23058:Eastern Agricultural Complex
22074:Mesoamerican writing systems
22031:
21070:Archaeological sites in Peru
19817:Indian land cession by years
19087:Cowan, Jill (19 June 2019).
18456:; George C. Kohn; pp. 252–53
18346:, Vol. 86, No. 4, March 2000
17748:Junius P. Rodriguez (2007).
17617:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030193
17484:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030185
17386:10.1007/978-3-030-15800-2_12
17347:"Native Americans, Maryland"
16975:Wisconsin Historical Society
16971:"Marsh, Cutting (1800–1873)"
16793:Scaife, Hazel Lewis (1896).
16742:New Mexico Historical Review
16736:Jenkins, Myra Ellen (1966).
16696:Denevan, William M. (1992).
15720:Kroeber inclut seulement le
14864:Feinstein, Stephen (2006). "
14592:
14299:Indigenous peoples in Canada
14141:, post-independence leaders
14080:
13932:
12080:32 cabins (and 80 warriors)
11061:(105 warriors in two towns)
9108:120 cabins and 300 warriors
9067:Mauvais Monde (Etquaotinne)
8398:140 cabins and 350 warriors
7476:260 cabins and 450 warriors
7:
25425:Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal
24593:National Population Program
23515:Archaeology of the Americas
22492:Bandelier National Monument
22366:List of Mississippian sites
22153:Pre-Columbian North America
21970:Spanish Conquest of Yucatán
19767:Rosenbaum, Alan S. (2018).
19763:, (2 vols., Oxford, 2005).
19599:Discover, 21 February 2006.
19509:Stannard, David E. (1993).
19413:The Cambridge World History
19182:. Oxford University Press.
18704:David M. Traboulay (1994).
18644:McNeill & Pomeranz 2015
18075:Stannard, David E. (1996).
17788:. BiblioLife. p. 199.
17417:Field, Margaret A. (1993).
16762:Taylor, Herbert C. (1963).
16352:Domenech, Emmanuel (1860).
16240:Jaimes, M. Annette (1992).
15645:Krech III, Shepard (1999).
14913:. Univ of Wisconsin Press.
14870:Canadian Journal of History
14705:Journal of American History
14234:
14166:Displacement and disruption
13945:the Cambridge World History
9572:Guarugunve & Cuchiyaga
6914:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head
5452:(more than 1,000 warriors)
4709:Wisconsin Hist. Coll., XII
271:
58:Population figures for the
10:
25662:
25340:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
25284:Hamburg Ravensbrück trials
25110:Effects on young survivors
24545:Sabra and Shatila massacre
22912:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
22517:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
22226:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
21996:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
21899:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
20517:Indigenous North Americans
19645:Cappel, Constance (2007).
19533:. Boston: Humphries, 1945.
19262:Cook, Noble David (1998).
19243:Cappel, Constance (2007).
19218:Cambridge University Press
19146:Cambridge University Press
18879:Historia de los Argentinos
18580:World History Encyclopedia
18210:Quaternary Science Reviews
17295:Canadian Historical Review
17269:"Sekani Indians of Canada"
16671:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
16651:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
16591:Bray, Kingsley M. (1994).
16537:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
16517:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
16477:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
16457:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
16412:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
16329:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
16309:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
16289:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
16220:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
16161:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
16141:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
16104:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
16059:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
16025:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
15981:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
15957:10.7183/0002-7316.75.4.707
15905:Peros, Matthew C. (2009).
15631:. Statistics Canada. 2012.
15571:. University of Nebraska.
15358:Thornton, Russell (1990).
15096:Quaternary Science Reviews
15039:10.1038/s41586-020-03053-2
14204:
14169:
14090:
14084:
13994:
13936:
13868:
13862:
13644:Algonquian speaking tribes
13616:estimates that a third of
13487:
13402:
13396:
13258:N. Y. Col. Dcts., VI. 622
11410:100 cabins in one village
9078:Also spelled Tsethaottine
5115:A. F. Bandelier, Ten Kate
4021:Also known as Laurentians
3878:and 6,385 people in 1822)
204:' early interactions with
17:
25514:
25395:
25308:Ulm Einsatzkommando trial
25276:Supreme National Tribunal
25166:
25147:
25057:
24979:
24882:
24760:
24667:
24430:
24125:
23887:Residential school system
23786:
23666:
23640:
23543:
23507:
23466:
23425:
23384:
23311:
23300:
23249:
23181:
23153:Three Sisters agriculture
23008:
22940:
22472:
22201:
22159:
22097:
22039:
22030:
21950:
21873:
21848:
21819:
21794:
21769:
21744:
21719:
21688:
21663:
21638:
21607:
21570:
21545:
21508:
21477:
21452:
21423:
21416:
21411:
21406:
21401:
21399:
21394:
21221:Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia)
21006:
20838:
20695:
20659:
20608:
20523:
20457:
20384:
20302:
20219:
20210:
20180:
20103:
20073:
20043:
20012:
20005:
19954:
19925:
19914:
19875:
19716:Mann, Charles C. (2005).
19537:Thornton, Russel (1987).
19486:Shoemaker, Nancy (1999).
19377:Mann, Charles C. (2005).
19302:Henige, David P. (1998).
19014:"An apology from the BIA"
18844:Reséndez, Andrés (2017).
18764:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
18606:W. D. Rubinstein (2012).
18546:W. D. Rubinstein (2004).
17993:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
17598:Hey, Jody (24 May 2005).
17131:Swanton, John R. (1953).
16851:Swanton, John R. (1952).
16606:: 165–188. Archived from
16432:Swanton, John R. (1952).
16181:Swanton, John R. (1952).
16079:Swanton, John R. (1952).
15923:10.1016/j.jas.2009.10.029
15833:Denevan, William (1994).
15595:. Statistics Canada. 2008
15511:David L. Preston (2009).
15433:Dying And Death in Canada
14962:Denevan's consensus count
14354:Genocides in the Americas
14016:system of labor, notably
13693:University College London
13478:effective population size
13424:micro-satellite markers (
12634:in District of Mackenzie
10716:Michel de La Chauvignerie
10463:C. Thomas in F. W. Hodge
10240:Includes 200 Calasthocle
9642:(Pomouik) and Bear River
6377:R. Lane in Hakluyt, VIII
6260:Newfoundland and Labrador
4132:
3382:
3181:(3,000 warriors in 1777)
3093:
3059:
3027:
2997:
2965:
2787:(3,320 warriors in 1616)
2762:
2668:
2570:
2537:
2505:
2473:
2438:
1878:
1848:
1817:
1784:
1752:
1718:
1681:
1469:
1432:
1299:
1263:
1228:
1188:
1086:
1045:
1014:
977:
908:
808:
776:
739:
705:
700:
689:
686:
683:
674:
83:establishment of colonies
25611:Native American genocide
24179:Christians in Diyarbekir
23525:North American timelines
22692:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
22251:Buttermilk Creek complex
22108:Civilizations portal
21065:Cultural periods of Peru
19664:Fagan, Brian M. (2005).
19438:Ramenofsky, Ann (1988).
19421:10.1017/CBO9781139196079
19118:
18656:Bloxham & Moses 2010
17319:Ruby, Robert H. (1992).
16127:Revised Memorial Of 1634
15565:R. G. Robertson (2001).
14775:Ostler, Jeffrey (2019).
14409:
14314:List of Indian massacres
14217:Bureau of Indian Affairs
14207:Bureau of Indian Affairs
13474:peopling of the Americas
13142:Canadian Indian Affairs
13069:Also spelled Stuwihamuq
12316:Southampton Island Inuit
11373:42 houses in 9 villages
10801:130 warriors, 52 cabins
10272:Not to be confused with
8816:(300 warriors fought in
5481:5,000 – 2,500 (in 1777)
4590:of British Columbia and
1748:and Ga. Hist. Coll., II
720:150,000 – 50,000 (1841)
223:North American fur trade
25621:Native American history
25117:Politics of recognition
23672:Destruction of Carthage
23520:North America by period
23359:Portuguese colonization
23243:History of the Americas
22892:Town Creek Indian Mound
22862:Sierra de San Francisco
22717:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
22002:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
20848:Mesoamerican chronology
19672:. Thames & Hudson.
18738:Bolivia – Ethnic Groups
18052:Oxford University Press
17649:Wade, Nicholas (2010).
17434:Sandberg, Eric (2013).
16922:2027/nyp.33433081844205
15886:. 46:3/4 (3/4): 23–38.
15868:Suzanne Austin Alchon,
15817:10.1002/ajpa.1330770302
15700:(in German). C.H. Beck.
15220:Thornton, pp. xvii, 36.
14972:28 October 2004 at the
14399:Racism in South America
14394:Racism in North America
13675:In contrast, historian
13360:Subarctic & Arctic
13004:HBC Indian Census 1839
12622:Subarctic & Arctic
12400:Subarctic & Arctic
12306:Subarctic & Arctic
12209:HBC Indian Census 1839
12179:HBC Indian Census 1839
11946:Subarctic & Arctic
11875:HBC Indian Census 1839
11792:Subarctic & Arctic
10814:Subarctic & Arctic
10690:Subarctic & Arctic
10501:Subarctic & Arctic
9598:Subarctic & Arctic
9501:Subarctic & Arctic
9217:Subarctic & Arctic
9204:Also known as Dane-zaa
9181:Subarctic & Arctic
9058:Subarctic & Arctic
8762:Subarctic & Arctic
8634:Subarctic & Arctic
8343:Subarctic & Arctic
8189:Qnigyuma (Jalliquamay)
8053:Subarctic & Arctic
8003:Fall Indians (Alannar)
7986:HBC Indian Census 1839
7791:Subarctic & Arctic
7693:Subarctic & Arctic
7598:Subarctic & Arctic
7262:Subarctic & Arctic
6710:Subarctic & Arctic
6256:Subarctic & Arctic
6220:Subarctic & Arctic
5950:Subarctic & Arctic
5891:Subarctic & Arctic
5534:Subarctic & Arctic
5123:Subarctic & Arctic
4378:Subarctic & Arctic
4009:St. Lawrence Iroquoians
3565:HBC Indian Census 1839
3506:Subarctic & Arctic
3173:15,000 – 13,150 (1825)
2715:17,500 – 15,000 (1836)
2328:, about 5,000 warriors
2133:Subarctic & Arctic
2098:Subarctic & Arctic
2063:Subarctic & Arctic
2025:Subarctic & Arctic
1990:Subarctic & Arctic
1133:50,000 – 15,000 (1702)
960:37,500 – 30,000 (1841)
924:37,500 – 30,000 (1841)
831:(number without 20,000
25568:South Africa v. Israel
25536:Rohingya genocide case
25073:Names of the Holocaust
24537:Chittagong Hill Tracts
24245:Kinder der Landstrasse
24131:Late Ottoman genocides
23474:Pre-Columbian cultures
22547:Coso Rock Art District
22434:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
22337:List of Hopewell sites
20705:Archaeological periods
18425:Robert Blaisdell ed.,
18016:Hickel, Jason (2018).
17701:(1 suppl 1): 206–214.
17212:Mooney, James (1928).
17155:Jones, Capers (2006).
16711:Mooney, James (1928).
15851:Snow, Dean R. (2001).
15385:Dobyns, Henry (1983).
14966:recent lower estimates
14718:10.1093/jahist/jaaa008
14344:Conquest of the Desert
14151:Conquest of the Desert
14126:
14118:
14018:Bartolomé de las Casas
14009:
13988:
13900:
13892:
13883:Conquest of the Desert
13672:
13661:
13538:Bartolomé de las Casas
13507:
13430:Indigenous populations
13414:
13393:Pre-Columbian Americas
11161:John William De Forest
11032:John William De Forest
10089:Crawford in G. Wilkes
8252:Chimnapum (Chamnapum)
8045:Edmund Clare Fitzhugh
7300:Manhasset (Manhanset)
6832:Eight tribes or bands
6502:Also spelled Okanagan
5543:District of Mackenzie
5474:(Euchee also known as
3968:Pisquow (Piskwau) and
1058:confederacy including
732:Lt. James Gorrell and
687:Highest pop. estimate
233:, Indigenous peoples (
138:
130:
75:nascent Spanish Empire
55:
25433:Bosnian genocide case
25087:Holocaust terminology
24730:Christians under ISIS
24468:1966 anti-Igbo pogrom
23897:1740 Batavia massacre
23721:Harrying of the North
23530:Mesoamerica by period
23344:European colonization
23324:Indigenous population
22955:Arlington Springs Man
22797:Portsmouth Earthworks
22008:List of Conquistadors
21895:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
21306:Quebrada de Humahuaca
20725:Caddoan Mississippian
20190:European colonization
19360:10.4324/9781003185291
19226:10.1017/9781108655989
19154:10.1017/9781108765480
19066:10.1353/wic.2006.0002
19035:Kevin Gover (2006) .
17273:canadiangenealogy.net
16898:on 20 September 2018.
16891:: 137. Archived from
14843:10.1093/ahr/120.2.605
14606:Taylor, Alan (2002).
14187:Five Civilized Tribes
14134:in early New England.
14124:
14115:Wounded Knee massacre
14112:
14004:
13960:
13898:
13890:
13869:Further information:
13666:
13657:
13505:
13412:
12626:District of Mackenzie
12409:Sheep (Esbataottine)
12404:District of Mackenzie
11905:Isaac Ingalls Stevens
10818:Northwest Territories
10338:Athanase de Mezieres
9789:Athanase de Mezieres
9602:District of Mackenzie
9062:District of Mackenzie
8638:District of Mackenzie
8135:400 families in 1702
8057:District of Athabasca
7795:District of Mackenzie
7266:Northwest Territories
7131:Isaac Ingalls Stevens
7063:in H. R. Schoolcraft
6930:Lloyd C. M. Hare and
6719:District of Keewatin
6543:in H. R. Schoolcraft
6108:Isaac Ingalls Stevens
5538:District of Mackenzie
5424:Herbert Eugene Bolton
4838:N. Y. Col. Dcts., IX
4370:& Jes. Rel. XXXV
4331:Isaac Ingalls Stevens
3884:and Capt. Hugh Young
3515:District of Franklin
2896:on Vancouver Island)
2324:chiefdom under chief
701:Sources of estimates
190:Indigenous population
136:
128:
33:
25584:Nicaragua v. Germany
25483:Khmer Rouge Tribunal
24859:Utilitarian genocide
24838:Transgender genocide
24205:Osage Indian murders
23905:Great Gypsy Round-up
23535:Mesoamerica timeline
23448:Indigenous languages
23364:British colonization
23349:Spanish colonization
23334:Christopher Columbus
23289:Andean South America
23163:Transoceanic contact
23053:Container Revolution
22627:Gila Cliff Dwellings
22592:Etowah Indian Mounds
21975:Francisco de Montejo
21903:Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I
21016:Andean civilizations
20943:Shaft tomb tradition
19908:Solutrean hypothesis
19220:. pp. 622–647.
19136:; Madley, Benjamin;
18826:History News Network
18583:. Knights of Vatican
18338:3 April 2015 at the
17463:Ramachandran, Sohini
17173:The Lillooet Indians
17170:Teit, James (1906).
17032:Teit, James (1900).
16942:Teit, James (1909).
15787:Current Anthropology
15712:Alfred Louis Kroeber
14882:10.3138/cjh.41.1.197
14334:American Indian Wars
14291:United States portal
14277:Civilizations portal
14227:apologized for the "
14147:Julio Argentino Roca
14143:Juan Manuel de Rosas
14137:In mid-19th century
13865:American Indian Wars
13827:smallpox vaccination
13697:Christopher Columbus
13640:British colonization
13635:Spanish colonization
13630:University of Oregon
13442:Siberian populations
13229:Indian Affairs 1875
12733:J. W. P. Huntington
12584:Indian Affairs 1858
10773:Indian Affairs 1862
10589:Indian Affairs 1862
10212:Agustín de Vetancurt
9526:Frederick Webb Hodge
9221:District of Keewatin
7709:in British Columbia
6897:Agustín de Vetancurt
6714:District of Keewatin
6408:John F. Schermerhorn
5792:Indian Affairs 1868
4644:Indian Affairs 1863
4400:Samuel Gardner Drake
3876:4,883 people in 1821
3812:William Abraham Bell
3579:Puget Sound Salish (
3510:District of Franklin
3280:Relacion del Suceso
2758:Indian Affairs 1837
2598:George Bird Grinnell
2260:Indian Affairs 1866
2227:Indian Affairs 1867
1427:George Bird Grinnell
1391:George Bird Grinnell
1183:Samuel Gardner Drake
659:Estimations by tribe
231:2011 Canadian census
52:American Indian Wars
24970:Settler colonialism
24919:Forced assimilation
24625:Srebrenica massacre
24397:Chechens and Ingush
24155:Thracian Bulgarians
24001:Sand Creek massacre
23962:Siege of Tripolitsa
23713:Ancestral Puebloans
23577:Classical Antiquity
23354:French colonization
23083:Green Corn Ceremony
22897:Turkey River Mounds
22687:Lake Jackson Mounds
22507:Blue Spring Shelter
21941:Manco Inca Yupanqui
21246:Manteño-Huancavilca
20715:Ancestral Puebloans
20289:Trinidad and Tobago
19788:– Statistics Canada
19741:Plagues and peoples
19597:Megadeath in Mexico
19589:Death by Government
18549:Genocide: A History
18331:Fenn, Elizabeth A.
18222:2019QSRv..207...13K
17846:Cook, Noble David.
16885:Ontario Archaeology
15321:1995Sci...268.1601S
15315:(5217): 1601–1604.
15108:2019QSRv..207...13K
15031:2021Natur.590..103F
14868:by Arthur Grenke".
14423:estimate, in 1841,
14384:Uncontacted peoples
14359:Guatemalan genocide
14229:California Genocide
14125:Conquest of Mexico
14101:California genocide
13963:Genocidal massacres
13794:Sir Jeffrey Amherst
13594:Dina Gilio-Whitaker
13021:Totontaratonhronon
12920:Louisiana Purchase
12834:Louisiana Purchase
12744:Louisiana Purchase
12595:Louisiana Purchase
12298:H. M. Brackenridge
12282:Louisiana Purchase
12064:Louisiana Purchase
11827:Louisiana Purchase
11672:Louisiana Purchase
11393:Louisiana Purchase
10784:Louisiana Purchase
10557:Robert H. Ruby and
10256:Louisiana Purchase
8960:Louisiana Purchase
8704:Louisiana Purchase
8672:Louisiana Purchase
7370:, and Tioux (Tiou)
6851:Cajuenche (Cawina)
6602:– 8 towns in 1604)
6187:Louisiana Purchase
6175:Amiel Weeks Whipple
6078:Acolapissa History
5699:Louisiana Purchase
5166:Louisiana Purchase
5028:Rogue River Indians
4849:Louisiana Purchase
4608:and Kitsun tribes)
4451:Louisiana Purchase
4279:Louisiana Purchase
4238:Louisiana Purchase
4139:Louisiana Purchase
4127:Alonso de Benavides
3748:Alonso de Benavides
3666:Louisiana Purchase
3485:and 1,400 mainland
3150:William M. Denevan
3132:Louisiana Purchase
3100:Louisiana Purchase
2939:Louisiana Purchase
2910:Louisiana Purchase
2842:Louisiana Purchase
2738:Louisiana Purchase
2707:Louisiana Purchase
2610:Louisiana Purchase
2577:Louisiana Purchase
2468:Samuel de Champlain
2193:David G. Mandelbaum
1713:Alonso de Benavides
1645:Virginia P. Miller
1545:Louisiana Purchase
1439:Louisiana Purchase
1370:Louisiana Purchase
1339:Louisiana Purchase
1327:Gabriel Druillettes
1163:Louisiana Purchase
1149:M. A. Jaimes &
915:Louisiana Purchase
903:Alonso de Benavides
886:Pueblo Tigua (Tiwa)
851:Louisiana Purchase
712:Louisiana Purchase
671:
274:
214:infectious diseases
121:Population overview
25449:Slobodan Milošević
25300:Erich von Manstein
24912:Extermination camp
24673:Effacer le tableau
24436:Hyderabadi Muslims
24381:Nanshitou Massacre
24365:Muslims and Croats
24067:Hamidian massacres
23954:Al-Jawazi massacre
23944:Stolen Generations
23647:list by death toll
23479:Indigenous peoples
23371:Columbian Exchange
23319:Indigenous peoples
23168:Underwater panther
22842:Rosenstock Village
22712:Marmes Rockshelter
22697:L'Anse aux Meadows
22064:Columbian exchange
22054:Portal:Mesoamerica
21206:La Tolita (Tumaco)
21021:Indigenous peoples
20760:Hopewell tradition
20687:Indigenous peoples
20449:In popular culture
20200:Columbian exchange
20195:Population history
19926:Mythology/Religion
19627:A Pest in the Land
19148:. pp. 23–45.
19094:The New York Times
18898:Madley, Benjamin,
17907:Aboriginal History
17655:The New York Times
17257:Acolapissa History
16782:– via JSTOR.
15945:American Antiquity
15736:au Mexique, et le
14379:Indigenous peoples
14127:
14119:
14010:
13918:Indian auxiliaries
13901:
13893:
13755:was quoted in his
13711:Biological warfare
13673:
13642:in the Northeast,
13508:
13472:since the initial
13415:
13318:Benard de La Harpe
13150:Northwest Plateau
13055:Nicola Athapaskans
13045:Northwest Plateau
12952:Southern Colonies
12940:Baudry de Lozieres
12892:Southern Colonies
12774:Southern Colonies
12712:Northwest Plateau
12685:Northwest Plateau
12677:Regis de Rouillet
12613:Baudry de Lozieres
12563:Northwest Plateau
11976:Northwest Plateau
11736:Southern Colonies
11690:Peter Buell Porter
11640:Southern Colonies
11598:Northwest Plateau
11569:Southern Colonies
11499:Southern Colonies
11463:Southern Colonies
11297:Southern Colonies
11265:Southern Colonies
11232:Southern Colonies
11203:Southern Colonies
11179:in South Carolina
11173:Southern Colonies
11103:Northwest Plateau
10950:Southern Colonies
10916:Southern Colonies
10885:Southern Colonies
10852:Southern Colonies
10805:Baudry de Lozieres
10662:Southern Colonies
10536:Northwest Plateau
10471:Northwest Plateau
10412:Southern Colonies
10381:Southern Colonies
10349:Southern Colonies
10070:Northwest Plateau
10007:Southern Colonies
9980:Southern Colonies
9736:Southern Colonies
9705:Southern Colonies
9669:Southern Colonies
9636:Southern Colonies
9538:Southern Colonies
9374:Southern Colonies
9343:Southern Colonies
9312:Southern Colonies
9283:Southern Colonies
9252:Southern Colonies
9112:Pierre d'Iberville
9017:Pierre d'Iberville
8898:Southern Colonies
8864:Southern Colonies
8834:Southern Colonies
8733:Northwest Plateau
8605:Southern Colonies
8511:Southern Colonies
8440:Northwest Plateau
8402:Pierre d'Iberville
8276:Northwest Plateau
8215:Southern Colonies
7891:Northwest Plateau
7860:Northwest Plateau
7684:Dumont de Montigny
7630:Northwest Plateau
7490:Northwest Plateau
7482:and J. R. Swanton
7393:Northwest Plateau
7171:Northwest Plateau
7109:Northwest Plateau
6972:Northwest Plateau
6812:Northwest Plateau
6678:Northwest Plateau
6669:Baudry de Lozieres
6479:Northwest Plateau
6447:Northwest Plateau
6417:Northwest Plateau
6358:Southern Colonies
6161:and Tonto Apaches
6117:Northwest Plateau
6086:Northwest Plateau
6024:Southern Colonies
5863:Southern Colonies
5832:Northwest Plateau
5803:Southern Colonies
5767:Northwest Plateau
5728:Northwest Plateau
5719:Benard de La Harpe
5610:Northwest Plateau
5569:Northwest Plateau
5368:Northwest Plateau
5329:Northwest Plateau
5291:Northwest Plateau
5254:and J. R. Swanton
5192:Northwest Plateau
5155:and J. R. Swanton
5057:Northwest Plateau
4877:Northwest Plateau
4739:Peter Buell Porter
4519:Southern Colonies
4486:Southern Colonies
4474:Pierre d'Iberville
4409:Northwest Plateau
4309:Northwest Plateau
4041:(Flathead Salish)
4032:Northwest Plateau
3962:Northwest Plateau
3953:Benard de La Harpe
3607:Southern Colonies
3596:Herbert C. Taylor
3378:Herbert C. Taylor
3345:Herbert C. Taylor
3089:and J. R. Swanton
2956:(3,000+ warriors)
2899:Herbert C. Taylor
2831:and J. R. Swanton
2769:Southern Colonies
2566:and J. R. Swanton
2516:Pueblo Tewa/Ubates
1813:and J. R. Swanton
1759:Southern Colonies
1359:Lt. James Gorrell
1274:Pueblo Tano/Maguas
1151:Pierre d'Iberville
1052:Southern Colonies
667:
272:
254:racial superiority
202:European Canadians
194:what is now Canada
139:
131:
56:
21:American Holocaust
25598:
25597:
25594:
25593:
25501:
25500:
25382:
25381:
25228:Euthanasia trials
25148:Legal proceedings
24891:Cultural genocide
24817:Cultural genocide
24756:
24755:
24689:Masalit massacres
24652:
24651:
24553:Sri Lankan Tamils
24460:Arabs in Zanzibar
24415:
24414:
24333:Three Alls policy
24110:
24109:
24043:Putumayo genocide
23771:
23770:
23600:
23599:
23572:Pre-Columbian era
23397:Pre-Columbian era
23202:
23201:
23194:Pre-Columbian era
22995:Spirit Cave mummy
22792:Plum Bayou Mounds
22702:Lynch Quarry Site
22221:Ancient Beringian
22119:
22118:
22115:
22114:
22089:Pre-Columbian art
22025:
22024:
22019:Francisco Pizarro
21985:Pedro de Alvarado
21301:Pucará de Tilcara
20619:
20618:
20563:Eastern Woodlands
20479:
20478:
20380:
20379:
20176:
20175:
20099:
20098:
20069:
20068:
19888:Pre-Columbian era
19752:978-0-385-12122-4
19729:978-1-4000-4006-3
19679:978-0-500-28532-9
19656:978-0-7734-5220-6
19550:978-0-8061-2074-4
19522:978-0-19-508557-0
19501:978-0-8263-1919-7
19471:978-0-547-64098-3
19449:978-0-8263-0997-6
19430:978-1-108-40775-5
19403:Pomeranz, Kenneth
19390:978-1-4000-4006-3
19369:978-1-000-95870-6
19337:978-0-393-03373-1
19322:Jennings, Francis
19313:978-0-8061-3044-6
19294:978-0-385-50052-4
19273:978-0-521-62208-0
19254:978-0-7734-5220-6
19235:978-1-108-65598-9
19197:978-0-19-923211-6
19163:978-1-108-76548-0
18908:978-0-300-18136-4
18855:978-0-544-94710-8
18800:Los Angeles Times
18773:978-0-547-64098-3
18717:978-0-8191-9642-2
18617:978-0-8061-4325-5
18575:"Inca Government"
18559:978-0-582-50601-5
18313:Empire of Fortune
18061:978-0-19-508557-0
18042:David E. Stannard
18027:978-1-78609-003-4
18002:978-0-547-64098-3
17955:978-0-8070-7378-0
17795:978-1-113-14760-8
17761:978-0-313-33272-2
17574:978-0-8129-7146-0
17395:978-3-030-15799-9
17353:on 17 August 2015
17332:978-0-8061-2479-7
16011:978-0-8061-2728-6
16001:The Ioway Indians
15658:978-0-393-04755-4
15578:978-0-87004-497-7
15551:978-0-8020-4203-3
15524:978-0-8032-2549-7
15497:978-0-16-080388-8
15470:978-0-521-49666-7
15443:978-1-55111-873-4
15413:978-0-521-49666-7
15371:978-0-8061-2220-5
15147:Woodward, Aylin.
15025:(7844): 103–110.
14947:978-0-521-49666-7
14920:978-0-299-13434-1
14815:978-0-8070-0041-0
14786:978-0-300-24526-4
14756:978-0-19-508557-0
14741:David E. Stannard
14656:978-0-19-508557-0
14641:David E. Stannard
14619:978-0-14-200210-0
14022:Emperor Charles V
14006:D'Albertis Castle
13832:Balmis Expedition
13520:Catholic religion
13458:migrating peoples
13434:genetic diversity
13418:Genetic diversity
13386:
13385:
13334:California Native
13269:Florida Purchase
13182:Texas Annexation
12500:Florida Purchase
11447:James Owen Dorsey
11443:33 small hamlets
11377:James Owen Dorsey
10320:Texas Annexation
10135:Texas Annexation
10100:Texas Annexation
9912:Florida Purchase
9881:Florida Purchase
9840:Florida Purchase
9800:Florida Purchase
9769:Texas Annexation
9709:Cape Fear Indians
9590:Lopez de Velasco
9569:Florida Purchase
9492:James Owen Dorsey
9436:Texas Annexation
9124:Florida Purchase
8818:King Philip's War
8499:James Owen Dorsey
7345:Duflot de Mofras
7083:(Bellabella) and
7006:Texas Annexation
6748:Florida Purchase
6439:Miss A. J. Allen
6388:Texas Annexation
5404:Texas Annexation
5283:Pocumtuc History
4976:James Owen Dorsey
4896:(1,200 warriors)
4835:(1,200 warriors)
4806:Antonio de Espejo
4678:Emmanuel Domenech
4606:Kitksan / Gitxsan
4507:Guillaume Delisle
4503:(1,400 warriors)
4296:(1,600 warriors)
4226:John Weiss Forney
4180:(except Kaigani)
4052:(1,800 warriors)
4039:Bitterroot Salish
3970:Sinkiuse-Columbia
3949:(2,000 warriors)
3925:Texas Annexation
3895:Florida Purchase
3857:Florida Purchase
3845:Antonio de Espejo
3824:Texas Annexation
3780:H. R. Schoolcraft
3776:(2,000 warriors)
3329:tribes excluding
3198:Texas Annexation
2992:Antonio de Espejo
2861:Kinglsey M. Bray
2663:Antonio de Espejo
2630:Pierre Charlevoix
2532:Antonio de Espejo
2500:Antonio de Espejo
1917:Florida Purchase
1905:Antonio de Espejo
1656:Florida Purchase
1533:Emmanuel Domenech
1497:Emmanuel Domenech
1294:Antonio de Espejo
1235:Texas Annexation
1113:Antonio de Espejo
1005:L. A. de Lahontan
656:
655:
217:over half of the
99:pneumonic plagues
81:, leading to the
25653:
25587:
25579:
25571:
25563:
25555:
25547:
25539:
25531:
25523:
25509:
25503:
25502:
25494:
25486:
25478:
25468:
25460:
25457:Radovan Karadžić
25452:
25444:
25436:
25428:
25420:
25417:Belgrade Process
25412:
25404:
25390:
25384:
25383:
25375:
25367:
25359:
25351:
25348:Treblinka trials
25343:
25335:
25327:
25319:
25311:
25303:
25295:
25287:
25279:
25271:
25263:
25255:
25247:
25239:
25231:
25223:
25215:
25207:
25199:
25191:
25188:Épuration légale
25183:
25175:
25161:
25158:Holocaust trials
25152:
25151:
25140:
25133:
25126:
25119:
25112:
25105:
25098:
25089:
25082:
25075:
25068:
25050:
25043:
25036:
25029:
25022:
25015:
25008:
24999:
24992:
24972:
24965:
24958:
24951:
24942:
24935:
24928:
24921:
24914:
24907:
24905:Ethnic cleansing
24900:
24893:
24875:
24868:
24861:
24854:
24847:
24840:
24833:
24826:
24819:
24812:
24801:
24794:
24787:
24778:
24771:
24749:
24741:
24733:
24725:
24722:Shias under ISIS
24717:
24709:
24701:
24691:
24684:
24676:
24662:
24654:
24653:
24645:
24637:
24627:
24620:
24612:
24604:
24596:
24588:
24580:
24572:
24564:
24556:
24548:
24540:
24532:
24524:
24514:
24507:
24500:
24495:
24487:
24479:
24471:
24463:
24455:
24447:
24439:
24425:
24417:
24416:
24408:
24400:
24392:
24384:
24376:
24368:
24360:
24357:Serbs in Croatia
24352:
24344:
24336:
24328:
24320:
24317:Nanjing Massacre
24312:
24309:Parsley massacre
24304:
24301:Polish Operation
24296:
24293:Romani Holocaust
24288:
24280:
24272:
24264:
24256:
24248:
24240:
24237:Napalpí massacre
24232:
24224:
24216:
24208:
24200:
24190:
24182:
24174:
24166:
24158:
24148:
24141:
24133:
24120:
24112:
24111:
24101:
24093:
24086:
24078:
24070:
24062:
24054:
24046:
24038:
24030:
24022:
24014:
24004:
23996:
23988:
23980:
23972:
23965:
23957:
23947:
23939:
23931:
23924:
23916:
23908:
23900:
23890:
23882:
23874:
23867:
23859:
23851:
23843:
23835:
23827:
23819:
23811:
23803:
23795:
23781:
23773:
23772:
23764:
23756:
23748:
23740:
23732:
23729:Mongol conquests
23724:
23716:
23708:
23698:
23691:
23683:
23675:
23661:
23653:
23652:
23627:
23620:
23613:
23604:
23603:
23562:Three-age system
23306:
23241:
23240:
23229:
23222:
23215:
23206:
23205:
23138:Projectile point
22975:Leanderthal Lady
22902:Upward Sun River
22877:Stallings Island
22867:Shell ring sites
22817:Recapture Canyon
22732:Moorehead Circle
22577:El Fin del Mundo
22562:Cueva de la Olla
22368:
22355:Maritime Archaic
22339:
22169:
22146:
22139:
22132:
22123:
22122:
22106:
22105:
22104:
22028:
22027:
22014:Spanish Conquest
21991:Spanish Conquest
21966:Spanish Conquest
21955:Spanish Conquest
21397:
21396:
20646:
20639:
20632:
20623:
20622:
20614:
20613:
20506:
20499:
20492:
20483:
20482:
20217:
20216:
20134:
20133:
20010:
20009:
19952:
19951:
19920:
19862:
19855:
19848:
19839:
19838:
19774:
19756:
19744:
19733:
19712:
19683:
19671:
19660:
19635:Alan C. Swedlund
19630:
19602:White, Matthew.
19554:
19526:
19505:
19493:
19475:
19458:Reséndez, Andrés
19453:
19434:
19394:
19373:
19341:
19317:
19298:
19287:. Anchor Books.
19277:
19258:
19239:
19206:Braun, Harald E.
19201:
19167:
19106:
19105:
19103:
19101:
19084:
19078:
19077:
19054:Wíčazo Ša Review
19049:
19043:
19042:
19032:
19026:
19025:
19023:
19021:
19010:
19004:
19003:
19001:
18999:
18984:
18973:
18972:
18970:
18968:
18962:gastateparks.org
18954:
18948:
18947:
18945:
18943:
18933:
18924:
18917:
18911:
18896:
18890:
18875:
18869:
18866:
18860:
18859:
18840:
18834:
18833:
18832:on 20 June 2019.
18828:. Archived from
18817:
18808:
18807:
18806:on 20 June 2019.
18802:. Archived from
18791:
18778:
18777:
18754:Reséndez, Andrés
18750:
18741:
18735:
18729:
18728:
18726:
18724:
18701:
18695:
18689:
18683:
18677:
18671:
18665:
18659:
18653:
18647:
18641:
18635:
18628:
18622:
18621:
18603:
18597:
18596:
18590:
18588:
18570:
18564:
18563:
18543:
18537:
18536:
18534:
18532:
18518:
18512:
18509:
18503:
18497:
18491:
18478:
18472:
18466:
18457:
18451:
18445:
18439:
18430:
18423:
18417:
18411:
18405:
18399:
18393:
18387:
18376:
18370:
18364:
18361:The Tainted Gift
18358:
18347:
18329:
18316:
18310:
18304:
18303:Cook; pp. 205–16
18301:
18290:
18289:
18287:
18285:
18270:
18264:
18263:
18261:
18259:
18252:The Conversation
18242:
18236:
18235:
18233:
18201:
18195:
18194:
18192:
18190:
18175:
18169:
18168:
18140:
18134:
18133:
18102:Wíčazo Ša Review
18097:
18091:
18090:
18072:
18066:
18065:
18038:
18032:
18031:
18013:
18007:
18006:
17983:Reséndez, Andrés
17979:
17968:
17967:
17941:
17935:
17934:
17902:
17896:
17895:
17893:
17891:
17876:
17870:
17864:
17851:
17844:
17838:
17837:
17813:
17807:
17806:
17804:
17802:
17779:
17773:
17772:
17770:
17768:
17745:
17739:
17738:
17720:
17710:
17686:
17680:
17679:
17672:
17666:
17665:
17663:
17661:
17646:
17640:
17639:
17629:
17619:
17595:
17586:
17585:
17583:
17581:
17566:
17555:
17549:
17548:
17531:(2–3): 234–238.
17520:
17507:
17506:
17496:
17486:
17458:
17445:
17444:
17442:
17431:
17425:
17424:
17414:
17408:
17407:
17369:
17363:
17362:
17360:
17358:
17343:
17337:
17336:
17316:
17310:
17308:Miss A. J. Allen
17305:
17299:
17298:
17290:
17284:
17283:
17281:
17279:
17265:
17259:
17254:
17248:
17247:
17245:
17234:
17228:
17227:
17209:
17203:
17202:
17200:
17190:
17181:
17180:
17178:
17167:
17161:
17160:
17152:
17139:
17138:
17128:
17122:
17121:
17120:on 6 April 2012.
17116:. Archived from
17110:
17099:
17094:
17043:
17042:
17040:
17029:
17023:
17021:Pocumtuc History
17018:
17012:
17007:
16998:
16993:
16987:
16986:
16984:
16982:
16967:
16961:
16956:
16950:
16949:
16939:
16933:
16932:
16930:
16928:
16906:
16900:
16899:
16897:
16882:
16873:
16867:
16866:
16848:
16842:
16841:
16832:
16826:
16825:
16823:
16821:
16807:
16801:
16800:
16790:
16784:
16783:
16759:
16750:
16749:
16733:
16727:
16726:
16708:
16702:
16701:
16693:
16682:
16681:
16679:
16668:
16662:
16661:
16659:
16648:
16642:
16641:
16621:
16615:
16614:
16612:
16600:Nebraska History
16597:
16588:
16582:
16581:
16574:
16568:
16567:
16565:
16554:
16548:
16547:
16545:
16534:
16528:
16527:
16525:
16514:
16508:
16507:
16505:
16494:
16488:
16487:
16485:
16474:
16468:
16467:
16465:
16454:
16448:
16447:
16429:
16423:
16422:
16420:
16409:
16403:
16402:
16366:
16360:
16359:
16349:
16340:
16339:
16337:
16326:
16320:
16319:
16317:
16306:
16300:
16299:
16297:
16286:
16280:
16279:
16269:
16263:
16262:
16252:
16246:
16245:
16237:
16231:
16230:
16228:
16217:
16211:
16210:
16203:
16197:
16196:
16178:
16172:
16171:
16169:
16158:
16152:
16151:
16149:
16138:
16132:
16131:
16121:
16115:
16114:
16112:
16101:
16095:
16094:
16076:
16070:
16069:
16067:
16056:
16050:
16045:
16036:
16035:
16033:
16022:
16016:
16015:
15995:
15989:
15988:
15978:
15969:
15968:
15936:
15927:
15926:
15902:
15896:
15895:
15884:American Studies
15879:
15873:
15866:
15857:
15856:
15848:
15839:
15838:
15830:
15821:
15820:
15796:
15790:
15780:
15774:
15764:
15758:
15751:
15745:
15709:
15703:
15701:
15690:
15684:
15681:
15675:
15669:
15663:
15662:
15642:
15633:
15632:
15625:
15619:
15618:
15611:
15605:
15604:
15602:
15600:
15589:
15583:
15582:
15562:
15556:
15555:
15535:
15529:
15528:
15508:
15502:
15501:
15481:
15475:
15474:
15454:
15448:
15447:
15427:
15418:
15417:
15397:
15391:
15390:
15382:
15376:
15375:
15355:
15349:
15348:
15304:
15298:
15297:
15287:
15255:
15249:
15240:
15221:
15218:
15212:
15211:
15209:
15207:
15196:
15190:
15189:
15187:
15185:
15170:
15164:
15163:
15161:
15159:
15153:Business Insider
15144:
15138:
15137:
15119:
15087:
15081:
15075:
15069:
15068:
15058:
15009:
15003:
15002:
14982:
14976:
14958:
14952:
14951:
14931:
14925:
14924:
14904:
14898:
14897:
14861:
14855:
14854:
14826:
14820:
14819:
14808:. Beacon Press.
14801:
14795:
14794:
14772:
14761:
14760:
14737:
14731:
14730:
14720:
14696:
14687:
14686:
14684:
14682:
14667:
14661:
14660:
14637:
14631:
14630:
14628:
14626:
14603:
14581:
14578:
14572:
14569:
14563:
14560:
14554:
14551:
14545:
14542:
14536:
14533:
14527:
14523:James Oglethorpe
14519:
14513:
14506:
14500:
14497:
14491:
14488:
14482:
14475:
14469:
14461:
14455:
14452:
14446:
14443:
14437:
14434:
14428:
14420:
14364:Selknam genocide
14293:
14288:
14287:
14286:
14279:
14274:
14273:
14272:
14265:
14260:
14259:
14258:
14251:
14246:
14245:
14244:
14221:ethnic cleansing
13859:War and violence
13782:Seven Years' War
13776:of British-held
13330:Mexican Cession
13208:Northwest Coast
13121:British Columbia
13117:Northwest Coast
13089:Mexican Cession
13049:British Columbia
12984:British Columbia
12980:Northwest Coast
12858:Northwest Coast
12801:Northwest Coast
12536:Middle Colonies
12436:British Columbia
12432:Northwest Coast
12371:Northwest Coast
12340:Northwest Coast
12247:Northwest Coast
12221:British Columbia
12217:Northwest Coast
12191:British Columbia
12187:Northwest Coast
12159:British Columbia
12155:Northwest Coast
12146:John Ross Browne
12124:Northwest Coast
12093:Northwest Coast
12003:Northwest Coast
11950:British Columbia
11914:Northwest Coast
11883:Northwest Coast
11856:Northwest Coast
11796:British Columbia
11763:Northwest Coast
11724:Ludwik Krzywicki
11703:British Columbia
11699:Northwest Coast
11624:Ludwik Krzywicki
11602:British Columbia
11557:Ludwik Krzywicki
11517:William Strachey
11483:William Strachey
11451:Ludwik Krzywicki
11423:Northwest Coast
11414:Ludwik Krzywicki
11381:Ludwik Krzywicki
11353:Northwest Coast
11324:Northwest Coast
10982:Mexican Cession
10754:Northwest Coast
10725:Northwest Coast
10568:Northwest Coast
10288:Northwest Coast
10221:Northwest Coast
10193:Mexican Cession
10040:British Columbia
10036:Northwest Coast
9786:(200+ warriors)
9624:Ludwik Krzywicki
9583:(they inhabited
9467:Northwest Coast
9401:Northwest Coast
9152:Northwest Coast
9026:Northwest Coast
8929:Mexican Cession
8541:Northwest Coast
8476:Northwest Coast
8411:Northwest Coast
8347:Ungava Peninsula
8312:British Columbia
8308:Northwest Coast
8246:Northwest Coast
8186:Mexican Cession
8148:Northwest Coast
8085:Northwest Coast
8024:Northwest Coast
7966:British Columbia
7962:Northwest Coast
7931:British Columbia
7927:Northwest Coast
7895:British Columbia
7833:Mexican Cession
7783:J. N. B. Hewitt
7765:Middle Colonies
7697:British Columbia
7566:Northwest Coast
7324:Northwest Coast
7311:(500+ warriors)
7297:Middle Colonies
7206:Mexican Cession
7075:British Columbia
7071:Northwest Coast
6877:Mexican Cession
6848:Mexican Cession
6799:Francisco Garcés
6779:Mexican Cession
6637:Francisco Garcés
6616:Mexican Cession
6581:Mexican Cession
6483:British Columbia
6281:Ralph T. Pastore
6224:British Columbia
6155:Mexican Cession
6121:British Columbia
5990:Northwest Coast
5927:Wappatoo tribes
5921:Northwest Coast
5852:A. N. Armstrong
5824:S. R. Grenville
5732:British Columbia
5659:John R. Swanton
5656:(800+ warriors)
5640:Middle Colonies
5573:British Columbia
5506:Mexican Cession
5433:Northwest Coast
5333:British Columbia
5295:British Columbia
5231:Middle Colonies
5092:Mexican Cession
5021:Northwest Coast
4939:Northwest Coast
4910:Middle Colonies
4899:A. N. Armstrong
4869:Fidalgo D'Elvas
4785:Mexican Cession
4624:Mexican Cession
4582:British Columbia
4578:Northwest Coast
4547:Northwest Coast
4413:British Columbia
4207:Mexican Cession
4172:British Columbia
4168:Northwest Coast
4103:Mexican Cession
3874:(other figures:
3792:Mexican Cession
3728:Mexican Cession
3697:British Columbia
3693:Northwest Coast
3685:Thomas S. Twiss
3636:Mexican Cession
3573:Northwest Coast
3545:British Columbia
3541:Northwest Coast
3458:British Columbia
3454:Northwest Coast
3389:Middle Colonies
3357:British Columbia
3353:Northwest Coast
3321:British Columbia
3317:Northwest Coast
3309:J. N. B. Hewitt
3260:Mexican Cession
3121:and J. Buchanan
2972:Mexican Cession
2960:Juan de Ripperda
2879:Vancouver Island
2873:British Columbia
2869:Northwest Coast
2807:Middle Colonies
2791:William Strachey
2675:Middle Colonies
2642:Mexican Cession
2512:Mexican Cession
2480:Mexican Cession
2369:Duflot de Mofras
2341:Northwest Coast
2332:Ludwik Krzywicki
2271:Mexican Cession
2238:Mexican Cession
2205:Mexican Cession
2002:in Saskatchewan
1956:British Columbia
1952:Northwest Coast
1885:Mexican Cession
1824:Middle Colonies
1688:Mexican Cession
1270:Mexican Cession
1093:Mexican Cession
1021:Mexican Cession
984:Middle Colonies
882:Mexican Cession
855:Eastern Shoshone
815:Mexican Cession
767:Le Page du Pratz
684:Tribe or nation
672:
670:
666:
275:
258:Francis Jennings
198:European contact
144:European contact
77:decided to fund
62:before European
36:Washita massacre
25661:
25660:
25656:
25655:
25654:
25652:
25651:
25650:
25601:
25600:
25599:
25590:
25582:
25574:
25566:
25558:
25550:
25544:Uyghur Tribunal
25542:
25534:
25526:
25518:
25510:
25507:
25497:
25489:
25481:
25473:
25463:
25455:
25447:
25439:
25431:
25423:
25415:
25407:
25399:
25391:
25388:
25378:
25370:
25364:Fedorenko trial
25362:
25354:
25346:
25338:
25330:
25322:
25314:
25306:
25298:
25290:
25282:
25274:
25266:
25260:Stutthof trials
25258:
25250:
25242:
25236:Nuremberg trial
25234:
25226:
25218:
25210:
25202:
25196:Majdanek trials
25194:
25186:
25178:
25172:Krasnodar trial
25170:
25162:
25156:
25143:
25136:
25129:
25122:
25115:
25108:
25101:
25094:
25085:
25078:
25071:
25064:
25053:
25046:
25039:
25032:
25025:
25018:
25011:
25004:
24995:
24988:
24975:
24968:
24961:
24954:
24947:
24938:
24931:
24924:
24917:
24910:
24903:
24896:
24889:
24878:
24871:
24864:
24857:
24850:
24843:
24836:
24829:
24822:
24815:
24808:
24797:
24790:
24783:
24774:
24767:
24752:
24744:
24736:
24728:
24720:
24712:
24704:
24698:Southern Kaduna
24696:
24687:
24679:
24671:
24663:
24658:
24648:
24640:
24632:
24623:
24615:
24607:
24599:
24591:
24583:
24575:
24567:
24559:
24551:
24543:
24535:
24527:
24519:
24510:
24503:
24498:
24490:
24482:
24474:
24466:
24458:
24450:
24442:
24434:
24426:
24421:
24411:
24403:
24395:
24387:
24379:
24371:
24363:
24355:
24347:
24339:
24331:
24323:
24315:
24307:
24299:
24291:
24285:Simele massacre
24283:
24275:
24267:
24259:
24251:
24243:
24235:
24227:
24219:
24211:
24203:
24195:
24185:
24177:
24169:
24161:
24153:
24144:
24136:
24129:
24121:
24116:
24106:
24096:
24089:
24081:
24075:Herero and Nama
24073:
24065:
24057:
24049:
24041:
24033:
24025:
24017:
24009:
23999:
23991:
23983:
23975:
23968:
23960:
23952:
23942:
23934:
23927:
23919:
23911:
23903:
23895:
23885:
23877:
23870:
23862:
23854:
23846:
23838:
23830:
23822:
23814:
23806:
23798:
23790:
23782:
23777:
23767:
23759:
23751:
23743:
23735:
23727:
23719:
23711:
23703:
23694:
23686:
23680:Asiatic Vespers
23678:
23670:
23662:
23657:
23644:
23636:
23631:
23601:
23596:
23567:Ancient history
23539:
23503:
23462:
23421:
23380:
23307:
23298:
23269:Central America
23245:
23235:
23233:
23203:
23198:
23189:Genetic history
23177:
23031:Ceremonial pipe
23004:
22985:Minnesota Woman
22942:
22936:
22757:Ocmulgee Mounds
22737:Morrison Mounds
22682:Kolomoki Mounds
22672:Kimball Village
22532:Candelaria Cave
22474:
22468:
22449:Suwannee Valley
22384:Old Cordilleran
22364:
22335:
22203:
22197:
22163:
22155:
22150:
22120:
22111:
22102:
22100:
22093:
22035:
22026:
22016:
22005:
21999:
21993:
21982:
21978:
21972:
21968:
21957:
21943:
21939:
21935:
21931:
21922:
21918:
21914:
21912:Quemuenchatocha
21910:
21901:
21897:
21888:
21884:
21880:
21841:
21710:
21619:
21593:
21582:
21529:Human Sacrifice
21526:
21518:Human Sacrifice
21515:
21489:
21462:Mayan Languages
21390:
21002:
20834:
20691:
20672:Genetic history
20655:
20650:
20620:
20615:
20611:
20606:
20538:Northwest Coast
20519:
20510:
20480:
20475:
20453:
20376:
20298:
20212:
20206:
20182:
20172:
20132:
20095:
20065:
20039:
20001:
19950:
19939:List of deities
19921:
19912:
19871:
19866:
19834:, 2 March 2018.
19782:
19777:
19753:
19730:
19701:10.2307/3491697
19680:
19657:
19637:(eds.) (2015).
19620:
19618:Further reading
19615:
19581:Wayback Machine
19564:Lewy, Guenter.
19561:
19551:
19523:
19502:
19478:Royal, Robert.
19472:
19450:
19431:
19405:, eds. (2015).
19391:
19370:
19338:
19314:
19295:
19274:
19255:
19236:
19198:
19178:, eds. (2010).
19172:Bloxham, Donald
19164:
19121:
19115:
19110:
19109:
19099:
19097:
19085:
19081:
19050:
19046:
19034:
19033:
19029:
19019:
19017:
19012:
19011:
19007:
18997:
18995:
18986:
18985:
18976:
18966:
18964:
18956:
18955:
18951:
18941:
18939:
18935:
18934:
18927:
18918:
18914:
18897:
18893:
18876:
18872:
18867:
18863:
18856:
18848:. p. 324.
18841:
18837:
18818:
18811:
18792:
18781:
18774:
18751:
18744:
18736:
18732:
18722:
18720:
18718:
18702:
18698:
18690:
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18674:
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18662:
18654:
18650:
18642:
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18604:
18600:
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18584:
18571:
18567:
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18515:
18510:
18506:
18498:
18494:
18479:
18475:
18467:
18460:
18452:
18448:
18440:
18433:
18424:
18420:
18412:
18408:
18400:
18396:
18388:
18379:
18371:
18367:
18359:
18350:
18340:Wayback Machine
18330:
18319:
18311:
18307:
18302:
18293:
18283:
18281:
18271:
18267:
18257:
18255:
18243:
18239:
18202:
18198:
18188:
18186:
18176:
18172:
18157:10.2307/2080617
18141:
18137:
18098:
18094:
18087:
18073:
18069:
18062:
18054:. p. xii.
18039:
18035:
18028:
18014:
18010:
18003:
17980:
17971:
17956:
17942:
17938:
17903:
17899:
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17877:
17873:
17865:
17854:
17845:
17841:
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17762:
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17687:
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17674:
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17669:
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17647:
17643:
17596:
17589:
17579:
17577:
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17556:
17552:
17521:
17510:
17459:
17448:
17440:
17432:
17428:
17415:
17411:
17396:
17370:
17366:
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17354:
17345:
17344:
17340:
17333:
17317:
17313:
17306:
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17291:
17287:
17277:
17275:
17267:
17266:
17262:
17255:
17251:
17243:
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17231:
17210:
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17198:
17192:
17191:
17184:
17176:
17168:
17164:
17153:
17142:
17129:
17125:
17112:
17111:
17102:
17095:
17046:
17038:
17030:
17026:
17019:
17015:
17010:A. N. Armstrong
17008:
17001:
16994:
16990:
16980:
16978:
16977:. 3 August 2012
16969:
16968:
16964:
16957:
16953:
16940:
16936:
16926:
16924:
16908:
16907:
16903:
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16809:
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16753:
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16709:
16705:
16694:
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16649:
16645:
16622:
16618:
16610:
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16576:
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16571:
16563:
16555:
16551:
16543:
16535:
16531:
16523:
16515:
16511:
16503:
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16483:
16475:
16471:
16463:
16455:
16451:
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16426:
16418:
16410:
16406:
16367:
16363:
16350:
16343:
16335:
16327:
16323:
16315:
16307:
16303:
16295:
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16283:
16270:
16266:
16253:
16249:
16238:
16234:
16226:
16218:
16214:
16205:
16204:
16200:
16179:
16175:
16167:
16159:
16155:
16147:
16139:
16135:
16122:
16118:
16110:
16102:
16098:
16077:
16073:
16065:
16057:
16053:
16046:
16039:
16031:
16023:
16019:
16012:
15996:
15992:
15979:
15972:
15937:
15930:
15903:
15899:
15880:
15876:
15867:
15860:
15849:
15842:
15831:
15824:
15797:
15793:
15783:Henry F. Dobyns
15781:
15777:
15767:Ángel Rosenblat
15765:
15761:
15752:
15748:
15719:
15710:
15706:
15691:
15687:
15683:Henige, p. 182.
15682:
15678:
15670:
15666:
15659:
15643:
15636:
15627:
15626:
15622:
15613:
15612:
15608:
15598:
15596:
15591:
15590:
15586:
15579:
15563:
15559:
15552:
15536:
15532:
15525:
15509:
15505:
15498:
15482:
15478:
15471:
15455:
15451:
15444:
15428:
15421:
15414:
15398:
15394:
15383:
15379:
15372:
15356:
15352:
15305:
15301:
15256:
15252:
15241:
15224:
15219:
15215:
15205:
15203:
15197:
15193:
15183:
15181:
15171:
15167:
15157:
15155:
15145:
15141:
15088:
15084:
15076:
15072:
15010:
15006:
14983:
14979:
14974:Wayback Machine
14959:
14955:
14948:
14932:
14928:
14921:
14905:
14901:
14862:
14858:
14827:
14823:
14816:
14802:
14798:
14787:
14773:
14764:
14757:
14738:
14734:
14697:
14690:
14680:
14678:
14668:
14664:
14657:
14638:
14634:
14624:
14622:
14620:
14604:
14600:
14595:
14590:
14585:
14584:
14579:
14575:
14570:
14566:
14561:
14557:
14552:
14548:
14543:
14539:
14534:
14530:
14520:
14516:
14507:
14503:
14498:
14494:
14489:
14485:
14476:
14472:
14462:
14458:
14453:
14449:
14444:
14440:
14435:
14431:
14421:
14417:
14412:
14289:
14284:
14282:
14275:
14270:
14268:
14261:
14256:
14254:
14247:
14242:
14240:
14237:
14213:
14203:
14178:
14170:Main articles:
14168:
14107:
14089:
14083:
14065:Andrés Reséndez
13999:
13993:
13941:
13935:
13885:
13867:
13861:
13856:
13819:
13745:James McDougall
13713:
13685:climatic change
13677:Russel Thornton
13601:Andrés Reséndez
13500:
13486:
13407:
13401:
13395:
13211:Oregon Country
13153:Oregon Country
12861:Oregon Country
12822:Lewis and Clark
12804:Oregon Country
12715:Oregon Country
12688:Oregon Country
12648:John R. Swanton
12566:Oregon Country
12524:John R. Swanton
12488:John R. Swanton
12457:John R. Swanton
12374:Oregon Country
12362:Lewis and Clark
12343:Oregon Country
12250:Oregon Country
12196:Pilalt (Cheam)
12127:Oregon Country
12096:Oregon Country
12022:Hall J. Kelley
12006:Oregon Country
11979:Oregon Country
11917:Oregon Country
11886:Oregon Country
11859:Oregon Country
11766:Oregon Country
11628:John R. Swanton
11553:over 30 canoes
11426:Oregon Country
11356:Oregon Country
11327:Oregon Country
11157:(100 warriors)
11106:Oregon Country
11065:John R. Swanton
10902:(120 warriors)
10757:Oregon Country
10728:Oregon Country
10712:(140 warriors)
10620:John R. Swanton
10571:Oregon Country
10539:Oregon Country
10492:Lewis and Clark
10474:Oregon Country
10291:Oregon Country
10244:Lewis and Clark
10224:Oregon Country
10182:Andre Penicaut
10073:Oregon Country
9470:Oregon Country
9424:Lewis and Clark
9404:Oregon Country
9226:Caribou-Eaters
9155:Oregon Country
9029:Oregon Country
8788:John Richardson
8736:Oregon Country
8720:(300 warriors)
8544:Oregon Country
8479:Oregon Country
8443:Oregon Country
8414:Oregon Country
8279:Oregon Country
8267:Lewis and Clark
8249:Oregon Country
8151:Oregon Country
8088:Oregon Country
8027:Oregon Country
7863:Oregon Country
7852:J. Ross Browne
7807:, Etchaottine)
7633:Oregon Country
7569:Oregon Country
7509:(450 warriors)
7493:Oregon Country
7445:(450 warriors)
7396:Oregon Country
7327:Oregon Country
7315:E. M. Ruttenber
7224:J. Ross Browne
7174:Oregon Country
7160:(500 warriors)
7112:Oregon Country
7057:(550 warriors)
6994:Lewis and Clark
6975:Oregon Country
6815:Oregon Country
6681:Oregon Country
6537:(600 warriors)
6450:Oregon Country
6420:Oregon Country
6404:(600 warriors)
6374:(600 warriors)
6312:(600 warriors)
6283:, Leslie Upton
6089:Oregon Country
5993:Oregon Country
5963:Labrador Inuit
5924:Oregon Country
5835:Oregon Country
5821:(800 warriors)
5770:Oregon Country
5613:Oregon Country
5493:William Bartram
5436:Oregon Country
5371:Oregon Country
5195:Oregon Country
5060:Oregon Country
5024:Oregon Country
4942:Oregon Country
4880:Oregon Country
4550:Oregon Country
4312:Oregon Country
4123:John R. Swanton
4066:Oregon Country
4035:Oregon Country
3965:Oregon Country
3576:Oregon Country
3429:(Messassagnes)
3365:(Nutka) tribes
2344:Oregon Country
1460:Claude Du Tisne
1040:José de Urrutia
1009:John R. Swanton
694:
668:
661:
300:
284:USA and Canada
270:
225:in the area of
219:Wyandot (Huron)
159:
148:William Denevan
123:
26:
12:
11:
5:
25659:
25649:
25648:
25643:
25638:
25633:
25628:
25623:
25618:
25613:
25596:
25595:
25592:
25591:
25589:
25588:
25580:
25572:
25564:
25556:
25548:
25540:
25532:
25524:
25515:
25512:
25511:
25499:
25498:
25496:
25495:
25487:
25479:
25471:
25470:
25469:
25461:
25453:
25437:
25429:
25421:
25413:
25405:
25396:
25393:
25392:
25380:
25379:
25377:
25376:
25368:
25360:
25352:
25344:
25336:
25328:
25324:Eichmann trial
25320:
25312:
25304:
25296:
25288:
25280:
25272:
25264:
25256:
25248:
25240:
25232:
25224:
25216:
25208:
25204:Chełmno trials
25200:
25192:
25184:
25176:
25167:
25164:
25163:
25149:
25145:
25144:
25142:
25141:
25134:
25127:
25120:
25113:
25106:
25099:
25092:
25091:
25090:
25083:
25076:
25061:
25059:
25055:
25054:
25052:
25051:
25044:
25037:
25030:
25023:
25016:
25009:
25002:
25001:
25000:
24997:Trivialization
24985:
24983:
24977:
24976:
24974:
24973:
24966:
24959:
24952:
24945:
24944:
24943:
24936:
24933:Killing Fields
24922:
24915:
24908:
24901:
24894:
24886:
24884:
24880:
24879:
24877:
24876:
24869:
24862:
24855:
24848:
24841:
24834:
24827:
24820:
24813:
24806:
24805:
24804:
24803:
24802:
24781:
24780:
24779:
24764:
24762:
24758:
24757:
24754:
24753:
24751:
24750:
24742:
24734:
24726:
24718:
24710:
24702:
24694:
24693:
24692:
24677:
24668:
24665:
24664:
24650:
24649:
24647:
24646:
24638:
24630:
24629:
24628:
24613:
24605:
24597:
24589:
24581:
24573:
24569:Kuwaiti Bedoon
24565:
24557:
24549:
24541:
24533:
24525:
24517:
24516:
24515:
24508:
24496:
24488:
24480:
24472:
24464:
24456:
24448:
24440:
24431:
24428:
24427:
24413:
24412:
24410:
24409:
24405:Crimean Tatars
24401:
24393:
24385:
24377:
24369:
24361:
24353:
24345:
24337:
24329:
24321:
24313:
24305:
24297:
24289:
24281:
24273:
24265:
24257:
24249:
24241:
24233:
24229:Kantō Massacre
24225:
24217:
24209:
24201:
24193:
24192:
24191:
24183:
24175:
24167:
24159:
24151:
24150:
24149:
24126:
24123:
24122:
24108:
24107:
24105:
24104:
24103:
24102:
24087:
24079:
24071:
24063:
24055:
24047:
24039:
24031:
24023:
24015:
24007:
24006:
24005:
23997:
23989:
23985:Trail of Tears
23981:
23977:Indian removal
23966:
23958:
23950:
23949:
23948:
23940:
23925:
23917:
23909:
23901:
23893:
23892:
23891:
23883:
23868:
23860:
23852:
23844:
23836:
23828:
23820:
23816:Kashmiri Shias
23812:
23804:
23796:
23787:
23784:
23783:
23769:
23768:
23766:
23765:
23757:
23749:
23741:
23733:
23725:
23717:
23709:
23701:
23700:
23699:
23684:
23676:
23667:
23664:
23663:
23650:
23638:
23637:
23630:
23629:
23622:
23615:
23607:
23598:
23597:
23595:
23594:
23589:
23587:Modern history
23584:
23579:
23574:
23569:
23564:
23559:
23554:
23544:
23541:
23540:
23538:
23537:
23532:
23527:
23522:
23517:
23511:
23509:
23505:
23504:
23502:
23501:
23500:
23499:
23494:
23486:
23481:
23476:
23470:
23468:
23464:
23463:
23461:
23460:
23455:
23450:
23445:
23440:
23435:
23429:
23427:
23423:
23422:
23420:
23419:
23414:
23409:
23404:
23399:
23394:
23388:
23386:
23382:
23381:
23379:
23378:
23376:Decolonization
23373:
23368:
23367:
23366:
23361:
23356:
23351:
23341:
23336:
23331:
23326:
23321:
23315:
23313:
23309:
23308:
23301:
23299:
23297:
23296:
23291:
23286:
23281:
23276:
23271:
23266:
23261:
23255:
23253:
23247:
23246:
23232:
23231:
23224:
23217:
23209:
23200:
23199:
23197:
23196:
23191:
23186:
23182:
23179:
23178:
23176:
23175:
23170:
23165:
23160:
23155:
23150:
23145:
23140:
23135:
23130:
23125:
23120:
23115:
23113:Mound Builders
23110:
23105:
23100:
23098:Medicine wheel
23095:
23090:
23088:Horned Serpent
23085:
23080:
23075:
23070:
23065:
23060:
23055:
23050:
23045:
23040:
23039:
23038:
23028:
23023:
23018:
23012:
23010:
23006:
23005:
23003:
23002:
22997:
22992:
22987:
22982:
22977:
22972:
22967:
22962:
22957:
22952:
22946:
22944:
22938:
22937:
22935:
22934:
22929:
22924:
22919:
22914:
22909:
22904:
22899:
22894:
22889:
22884:
22879:
22874:
22869:
22864:
22859:
22854:
22849:
22844:
22839:
22834:
22829:
22827:Roberts Island
22824:
22819:
22814:
22809:
22804:
22799:
22794:
22789:
22784:
22779:
22774:
22769:
22764:
22762:Old Stone Fort
22759:
22754:
22749:
22744:
22739:
22734:
22729:
22727:Moaning Cavern
22724:
22719:
22714:
22709:
22704:
22699:
22694:
22689:
22684:
22679:
22677:Kincaid Mounds
22674:
22669:
22664:
22659:
22654:
22649:
22644:
22639:
22634:
22629:
22624:
22619:
22614:
22609:
22604:
22599:
22594:
22589:
22584:
22579:
22574:
22569:
22564:
22559:
22557:Cuarenta Casas
22554:
22549:
22544:
22539:
22534:
22529:
22524:
22519:
22514:
22512:Bluefish Caves
22509:
22504:
22499:
22494:
22489:
22484:
22478:
22476:
22473:Archaeological
22470:
22469:
22467:
22466:
22461:
22456:
22451:
22446:
22441:
22436:
22431:
22426:
22421:
22416:
22411:
22406:
22401:
22396:
22391:
22386:
22381:
22376:
22371:
22370:
22369:
22357:
22352:
22347:
22342:
22341:
22340:
22328:
22323:
22318:
22313:
22308:
22303:
22298:
22293:
22288:
22283:
22278:
22273:
22271:Caloosahatchee
22268:
22263:
22258:
22256:Caborn-Welborn
22253:
22248:
22243:
22238:
22233:
22228:
22223:
22218:
22213:
22207:
22205:
22202:Archaeological
22199:
22198:
22196:
22195:
22190:
22185:
22180:
22175:
22170:
22160:
22157:
22156:
22149:
22148:
22141:
22134:
22126:
22117:
22116:
22113:
22112:
22098:
22095:
22094:
22092:
22091:
22086:
22081:
22076:
22071:
22066:
22061:
22056:
22051:
22046:
22040:
22037:
22036:
22023:
22022:
22011:
21988:
21963:
21952:
21948:
21947:
21926:
21905:
21892:
21875:
21874:Notable Rulers
21871:
21870:
21865:
21860:
21855:
21850:
21846:
21845:
21843:Neo-Inca State
21836:
21831:
21826:
21821:
21817:
21816:
21811:
21806:
21801:
21796:
21792:
21791:
21786:
21781:
21776:
21771:
21767:
21766:
21761:
21756:
21751:
21746:
21742:
21741:
21736:
21731:
21726:
21721:
21717:
21716:
21705:
21700:
21695:
21690:
21686:
21685:
21680:
21675:
21670:
21665:
21661:
21660:
21655:
21650:
21645:
21640:
21636:
21635:
21630:
21625:
21614:
21609:
21605:
21604:
21599:
21588:
21577:
21572:
21568:
21567:
21562:
21557:
21552:
21547:
21543:
21542:
21537:
21532:
21521:
21510:
21506:
21505:
21500:
21495:
21484:
21479:
21475:
21474:
21469:
21464:
21459:
21454:
21450:
21449:
21444:
21435:
21430:
21425:
21421:
21420:
21415:
21410:
21405:
21400:
21395:
21392:
21391:
21389:
21388:
21383:
21378:
21373:
21368:
21363:
21358:
21353:
21348:
21343:
21338:
21333:
21328:
21323:
21318:
21313:
21308:
21303:
21298:
21293:
21288:
21283:
21278:
21273:
21268:
21263:
21258:
21253:
21248:
21243:
21238:
21233:
21228:
21223:
21218:
21213:
21208:
21203:
21198:
21193:
21188:
21183:
21178:
21173:
21168:
21163:
21158:
21153:
21148:
21143:
21138:
21133:
21128:
21123:
21114:
21109:
21104:
21099:
21094:
21089:
21084:
21079:
21074:
21073:
21072:
21062:
21057:
21056:
21055:
21045:
21044:
21043:
21033:
21028:
21023:
21018:
21012:
21010:
21004:
21003:
21001:
21000:
20995:
20990:
20985:
20980:
20975:
20970:
20965:
20960:
20955:
20950:
20945:
20940:
20935:
20930:
20925:
20920:
20915:
20910:
20905:
20900:
20895:
20890:
20885:
20880:
20875:
20870:
20865:
20860:
20855:
20850:
20844:
20842:
20836:
20835:
20833:
20832:
20827:
20822:
20817:
20812:
20807:
20802:
20797:
20792:
20787:
20782:
20777:
20772:
20767:
20762:
20757:
20752:
20747:
20742:
20737:
20732:
20727:
20722:
20717:
20712:
20707:
20701:
20699:
20693:
20692:
20690:
20689:
20684:
20679:
20674:
20669:
20663:
20661:
20657:
20656:
20649:
20648:
20641:
20634:
20626:
20617:
20616:
20609:
20607:
20605:
20604:
20603:
20602:
20597:
20587:
20582:
20577:
20576:
20575:
20570:
20560:
20555:
20550:
20545:
20540:
20535:
20530:
20524:
20521:
20520:
20513:Cultural areas
20509:
20508:
20501:
20494:
20486:
20477:
20476:
20474:
20473:
20466:
20458:
20455:
20454:
20452:
20451:
20446:
20441:
20436:
20431:
20426:
20421:
20416:
20415:
20414:
20409:
20404:
20399:
20388:
20386:
20385:Related topics
20382:
20381:
20378:
20377:
20375:
20374:
20369:
20364:
20359:
20354:
20349:
20344:
20339:
20334:
20329:
20324:
20319:
20313:
20311:
20300:
20299:
20297:
20296:
20291:
20286:
20281:
20276:
20271:
20266:
20261:
20256:
20251:
20246:
20241:
20236:
20231:
20225:
20223:
20214:
20208:
20207:
20205:
20204:
20203:
20202:
20197:
20186:
20184:
20178:
20177:
20174:
20173:
20171:
20170:
20165:
20160:
20159:
20158:
20148:
20142:
20140:
20131:
20130:
20125:
20120:
20115:
20109:
20107:
20101:
20100:
20097:
20096:
20094:
20093:
20088:
20083:
20077:
20075:
20071:
20070:
20067:
20066:
20064:
20063:
20058:
20053:
20047:
20045:
20041:
20040:
20038:
20037:
20032:
20027:
20022:
20016:
20014:
20007:
20003:
20002:
20000:
19999:
19994:
19989:
19984:
19982:Medicine wheel
19979:
19974:
19969:
19964:
19958:
19956:
19949:
19948:
19943:
19942:
19941:
19929:
19927:
19923:
19922:
19915:
19913:
19911:
19910:
19905:
19900:
19895:
19893:Classification
19890:
19885:
19879:
19877:
19873:
19872:
19865:
19864:
19857:
19850:
19842:
19836:
19835:
19825:
19819:
19814:
19809:
19804:
19799:
19794:
19789:
19781:
19780:External links
19778:
19776:
19775:
19764:
19757:
19751:
19734:
19728:
19713:
19695:(4): 703–742.
19684:
19678:
19661:
19655:
19642:
19631:
19621:
19619:
19616:
19614:
19613:
19607:
19600:
19595:Stutz, Bruce.
19593:
19584:
19573:
19560:
19559:Online sources
19557:
19556:
19555:
19549:
19534:
19527:
19521:
19506:
19500:
19483:
19476:
19470:
19454:
19448:
19435:
19429:
19399:McNeill, J. R.
19395:
19389:
19374:
19368:
19342:
19336:
19318:
19312:
19299:
19293:
19278:
19272:
19259:
19253:
19240:
19234:
19202:
19196:
19176:Moses, A. Dirk
19168:
19162:
19130:Blackhawk, Ned
19126:Blackhawk, Ned
19120:
19117:
19116:
19114:
19111:
19108:
19107:
19079:
19044:
19027:
19005:
18994:. 25 June 2020
18974:
18949:
18925:
18912:
18891:
18870:
18861:
18854:
18835:
18809:
18779:
18772:
18766:. p. 17.
18742:
18730:
18716:
18696:
18694:, p. 138.
18684:
18672:
18668:Blackhawk 2023
18660:
18648:
18636:
18623:
18616:
18598:
18565:
18558:
18538:
18513:
18504:
18492:
18473:
18458:
18446:
18431:
18418:
18406:
18394:
18377:
18365:
18348:
18317:
18305:
18291:
18265:
18237:
18196:
18170:
18135:
18092:
18085:
18067:
18060:
18033:
18026:
18008:
18001:
17995:. p. 17.
17969:
17954:
17936:
17897:
17871:
17852:
17839:
17808:
17794:
17774:
17760:
17740:
17681:
17667:
17641:
17587:
17573:
17550:
17508:
17446:
17426:
17409:
17394:
17364:
17338:
17331:
17311:
17300:
17285:
17260:
17249:
17229:
17204:
17182:
17179:. p. 199.
17162:
17140:
17123:
17100:
17044:
17041:. p. 175.
17024:
17013:
16999:
16988:
16962:
16951:
16948:. p. 466.
16934:
16901:
16868:
16843:
16827:
16815:wyohistory.org
16802:
16785:
16751:
16728:
16703:
16683:
16663:
16643:
16632:(4): 158–165.
16616:
16583:
16569:
16549:
16529:
16509:
16489:
16469:
16449:
16424:
16404:
16383:10.2307/481512
16377:(2): 117–127.
16361:
16341:
16321:
16301:
16281:
16264:
16247:
16232:
16212:
16198:
16173:
16153:
16133:
16116:
16096:
16071:
16051:
16037:
16017:
16010:
15990:
15970:
15928:
15917:(3): 656–664.
15897:
15874:
15858:
15840:
15822:
15811:(3): 289–294.
15791:
15775:
15759:
15746:
15704:
15685:
15676:
15664:
15657:
15634:
15620:
15606:
15584:
15577:
15557:
15550:
15530:
15523:
15503:
15496:
15476:
15469:
15449:
15442:
15419:
15412:
15392:
15377:
15370:
15350:
15299:
15276:10.1086/303004
15270:(2): 444–461.
15250:
15222:
15213:
15191:
15165:
15139:
15082:
15080:, p. 151.
15070:
15004:
14993:(3): 369–385.
14977:
14953:
14946:
14926:
14919:
14899:
14876:(1): 197–199.
14856:
14837:(2): 605–606.
14821:
14814:
14796:
14785:
14762:
14755:
14732:
14688:
14662:
14655:
14632:
14618:
14597:
14596:
14594:
14591:
14589:
14586:
14583:
14582:
14573:
14564:
14555:
14546:
14537:
14528:
14514:
14501:
14492:
14483:
14470:
14465:Marc Lescarbot
14456:
14447:
14438:
14429:
14414:
14413:
14411:
14408:
14407:
14406:
14401:
14396:
14391:
14386:
14381:
14376:
14374:Trail of Tears
14371:
14366:
14361:
14356:
14351:
14346:
14341:
14336:
14331:
14326:
14321:
14316:
14311:
14306:
14301:
14295:
14294:
14280:
14266:
14252:
14236:
14233:
14202:
14199:
14183:Trail of Tears
14176:Trail of Tears
14172:Indian removal
14167:
14164:
14163:
14162:
14154:
14135:
14093:Taíno genocide
14085:Main article:
14082:
14079:
13995:Main article:
13992:
13989:
13987:
13986:
13983:
13980:
13973:
13970:
13967:
13964:
13937:Main article:
13934:
13931:
13879:Chichimeca War
13863:Main article:
13860:
13857:
13855:
13852:
13840:Yankton Dakota
13836:Spanish Empire
13818:
13815:
13749:Pawnee Indians
13734:well poisoning
13730:drinking water
13712:
13709:
13689:global cooling
13687:and temporary
13652:David Stannard
13558:bubonic plague
13512:conquistadores
13485:
13482:
13397:Main article:
13394:
13391:
13384:
13383:
13382:Steve Langdon
13380:
13378:
13376:
13373:
13370:
13364:
13361:
13358:
13354:
13353:
13347:
13345:
13343:
13340:
13337:
13331:
13328:
13325:
13321:
13320:
13315:
13313:
13311:
13308:
13305:
13302:
13301:Old Southwest
13299:
13296:
13292:
13291:
13286:
13283:
13281:
13278:
13275:
13270:
13267:
13264:
13260:
13259:
13256:
13254:
13252:
13249:
13246:
13241:
13240:Old Northwest
13238:
13235:
13231:
13230:
13227:
13225:
13223:
13220:
13217:
13212:
13209:
13206:
13202:
13201:
13196:
13194:
13192:
13189:
13186:
13183:
13180:
13177:
13173:
13172:
13167:
13165:
13163:
13160:
13157:
13154:
13151:
13148:
13144:
13143:
13140:
13138:
13135:
13132:
13129:
13124:
13118:
13115:
13111:
13110:
13105:
13103:
13101:
13098:
13095:
13090:
13087:
13084:
13080:
13079:
13070:
13067:
13064:
13061:
13058:
13057:(Stuichamukh)
13052:
13046:
13043:
13039:
13038:
13033:
13030:
13028:
13025:
13022:
13019:
13013:
13010:
13006:
13005:
13002:
13000:
12998:
12995:
12992:
12987:
12981:
12978:
12974:
12973:
12970:
12967:
12964:
12961:
12958:
12953:
12950:
12947:
12943:
12942:
12937:
12934:
12932:
12929:
12926:
12921:
12918:
12915:
12911:
12910:
12907:
12904:
12902:
12899:
12896:
12893:
12890:
12887:
12883:
12882:
12877:
12875:
12873:
12870:
12867:
12862:
12859:
12856:
12852:
12851:
12848:
12846:
12844:
12841:
12838:
12835:
12832:
12829:
12825:
12824:
12819:
12816:
12814:
12811:
12808:
12805:
12802:
12799:
12795:
12794:
12789:
12786:
12784:
12781:
12778:
12775:
12772:
12769:
12765:
12764:
12759:
12756:
12754:
12751:
12748:
12745:
12742:
12739:
12735:
12734:
12731:
12729:
12727:
12724:
12721:
12716:
12713:
12710:
12706:
12705:
12702:
12700:
12698:
12695:
12692:
12689:
12686:
12683:
12679:
12678:
12675:
12672:
12670:
12667:
12664:
12661:
12660:Old Southwest
12658:
12655:
12651:
12650:
12645:
12643:
12641:
12638:
12635:
12629:
12623:
12620:
12616:
12615:
12610:
12607:
12605:
12602:
12599:
12596:
12593:
12590:
12586:
12585:
12582:
12580:
12578:
12575:
12572:
12567:
12564:
12561:
12557:
12556:
12553:
12550:
12548:
12545:
12542:
12537:
12534:
12531:
12527:
12526:
12521:
12519:
12517:
12514:
12511:
12501:
12498:
12495:
12491:
12490:
12485:
12483:
12481:
12478:
12475:
12470:
12469:Old Southwest
12467:
12464:
12460:
12459:
12454:
12452:
12450:
12447:
12444:
12439:
12433:
12430:
12426:
12425:
12420:
12418:
12416:
12413:
12410:
12407:
12401:
12398:
12394:
12393:
12388:
12386:
12384:
12381:
12378:
12375:
12372:
12369:
12365:
12364:
12359:
12357:
12355:
12352:
12349:
12344:
12341:
12338:
12334:
12333:
12328:
12326:
12324:
12321:
12318:
12313:
12307:
12304:
12300:
12299:
12296:
12294:
12292:
12289:
12286:
12283:
12280:
12277:
12273:
12272:
12267:
12265:
12263:
12260:
12257:
12251:
12248:
12245:
12241:
12240:
12237:
12235:
12233:
12230:
12227:
12226:Saukaulutucks
12224:
12218:
12215:
12211:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12203:
12200:
12197:
12194:
12188:
12185:
12181:
12180:
12177:
12175:
12173:
12170:
12167:
12162:
12156:
12153:
12149:
12148:
12143:
12141:
12139:
12136:
12133:
12128:
12125:
12122:
12118:
12117:
12112:
12110:
12108:
12105:
12102:
12097:
12094:
12091:
12087:
12086:
12081:
12078:
12076:
12073:
12070:
12065:
12062:
12059:
12055:
12054:
12049:
12047:
12045:
12042:
12039:
12034:
12031:
12028:
12024:
12023:
12020:
12018:
12016:
12013:
12010:
12007:
12004:
12001:
11997:
11996:
11993:
11991:
11989:
11986:
11983:
11980:
11977:
11974:
11970:
11969:
11966:
11964:
11962:
11959:
11956:
11953:
11947:
11944:
11940:
11939:
11934:
11932:
11930:
11927:
11924:
11918:
11915:
11912:
11908:
11907:
11902:
11900:
11898:
11895:
11892:
11887:
11884:
11881:
11877:
11876:
11873:
11871:
11869:
11866:
11863:
11860:
11857:
11854:
11850:
11849:
11844:
11841:
11839:
11836:
11833:
11828:
11825:
11822:
11818:
11817:
11812:
11810:
11808:
11805:
11802:
11799:
11793:
11790:
11786:
11785:
11783:Hall J. Kelley
11780:
11778:
11776:
11773:
11770:
11767:
11764:
11761:
11757:
11756:
11751:
11748:
11746:
11743:
11740:
11737:
11734:
11731:
11727:
11726:
11721:
11719:
11717:
11714:
11711:
11706:
11700:
11697:
11693:
11692:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11676:
11673:
11670:
11667:
11663:
11662:
11657:
11654:
11652:
11649:
11646:
11641:
11638:
11635:
11631:
11630:
11621:
11619:
11617:
11614:
11611:
11605:
11599:
11596:
11592:
11591:
11586:
11583:
11581:
11578:
11575:
11570:
11567:
11564:
11560:
11559:
11554:
11551:
11549:
11546:
11543:
11542:(Attikamegue)
11537:
11531:
11528:
11524:
11523:
11514:
11511:
11509:
11506:
11503:
11500:
11497:
11494:
11490:
11489:
11480:
11477:
11475:
11472:
11469:
11464:
11461:
11458:
11454:
11453:
11444:
11441:
11438:
11435:
11432:
11427:
11424:
11421:
11417:
11416:
11411:
11408:
11405:
11402:
11399:
11394:
11391:
11388:
11384:
11383:
11374:
11371:
11368:
11365:
11362:
11357:
11354:
11351:
11347:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11339:
11336:
11333:
11328:
11325:
11322:
11318:
11317:
11311:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11301:
11298:
11295:
11292:
11288:
11287:
11281:
11279:
11277:
11274:
11271:
11266:
11263:
11260:
11256:
11255:
11249:
11247:
11244:
11241:
11238:
11233:
11230:
11227:
11223:
11222:
11219:
11217:
11215:
11212:
11209:
11204:
11201:
11198:
11194:
11193:
11190:
11188:
11186:
11183:
11180:
11174:
11171:
11168:
11164:
11163:
11158:
11155:
11153:
11150:
11147:
11142:
11139:
11136:
11132:
11131:
11126:
11124:
11122:
11119:
11116:
11107:
11104:
11101:
11097:
11096:
11093:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11083:
11078:
11075:
11072:
11068:
11067:
11062:
11059:
11056:
11053:
11050:
11045:
11044:Old Southwest
11042:
11039:
11035:
11034:
11029:
11027:
11025:
11022:
11019:
11014:
11011:
11008:
11004:
11003:
10998:
10996:
10994:
10991:
10988:
10983:
10980:
10977:
10973:
10972:
10966:
10964:
10962:
10959:
10956:
10951:
10948:
10945:
10941:
10940:
10934:
10932:
10929:
10926:
10923:
10917:
10914:
10911:
10907:
10906:
10903:
10900:
10897:
10894:
10891:
10886:
10883:
10880:
10876:
10875:
10869:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10859:
10858:(also Etiwan)
10853:
10850:
10847:
10843:
10842:
10837:
10834:
10832:
10829:
10826:
10821:
10815:
10812:
10808:
10807:
10802:
10799:
10797:
10794:
10791:
10785:
10782:
10779:
10775:
10774:
10771:
10769:
10767:
10764:
10761:
10758:
10755:
10752:
10748:
10747:
10746:W. B. Gosnell
10744:
10742:
10740:
10737:
10734:
10729:
10726:
10723:
10719:
10718:
10713:
10710:
10708:
10705:
10702:
10697:
10691:
10688:
10684:
10683:
10678:
10676:
10674:
10671:
10668:
10663:
10660:
10657:
10653:
10652:
10647:
10644:
10642:
10639:
10636:
10633:
10632:Old Southwest
10630:
10627:
10623:
10622:
10617:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10607:
10601:
10600:Old Southwest
10598:
10595:
10591:
10590:
10587:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10577:
10572:
10569:
10566:
10562:
10561:
10555:
10553:
10551:
10548:
10545:
10540:
10537:
10534:
10530:
10529:
10524:
10522:
10520:
10517:
10514:
10508:
10502:
10499:
10495:
10494:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10478:
10475:
10472:
10469:
10465:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10457:
10454:
10451:
10446:
10443:
10440:
10436:
10435:
10429:
10427:
10424:
10421:
10418:
10413:
10410:
10407:
10403:
10402:
10397:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10387:
10382:
10379:
10376:
10372:
10371:
10365:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10355:
10350:
10347:
10344:
10340:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10332:
10329:
10326:
10321:
10318:
10315:
10311:
10310:
10305:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10295:
10292:
10289:
10286:
10282:
10281:
10276:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10262:
10257:
10254:
10251:
10247:
10246:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10230:
10225:
10222:
10219:
10215:
10214:
10209:
10207:
10205:
10202:
10199:
10194:
10191:
10188:
10184:
10183:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10169:
10166:
10165:Old Southwest
10163:
10160:
10156:
10155:
10152:
10149:
10147:
10144:
10141:
10136:
10133:
10130:
10126:
10125:
10120:
10118:
10116:
10113:
10110:
10101:
10098:
10095:
10091:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10077:
10074:
10071:
10068:
10064:
10063:
10058:
10056:
10054:
10051:
10048:
10043:
10037:
10034:
10030:
10029:
10023:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10013:
10008:
10005:
10002:
9998:
9997:
9994:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9984:
9981:
9978:
9975:
9971:
9970:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9957:
9954:
9944:
9943:Old Southwest
9941:
9938:
9934:
9933:
9928:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9918:
9913:
9910:
9907:
9903:
9902:
9897:
9895:
9893:
9890:
9887:
9882:
9879:
9876:
9872:
9871:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9854:
9851:
9841:
9838:
9835:
9831:
9830:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9813:
9810:
9801:
9798:
9795:
9791:
9790:
9787:
9784:
9781:
9778:
9775:
9770:
9767:
9764:
9760:
9759:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9745:
9742:
9737:
9734:
9731:
9727:
9726:
9721:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9711:
9706:
9703:
9700:
9696:
9695:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9682:
9679:
9670:
9667:
9664:
9660:
9659:
9653:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9643:
9637:
9634:
9631:
9627:
9626:
9621:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9611:
9610:(Kawchottine)
9605:
9599:
9596:
9592:
9591:
9588:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9573:
9570:
9567:
9564:
9560:
9559:
9556:
9553:
9550:
9547:
9544:
9539:
9536:
9533:
9529:
9528:
9523:
9521:
9519:
9516:
9513:
9508:
9502:
9499:
9495:
9494:
9488:Jedidiah Morse
9485:
9483:
9480:
9477:
9474:
9471:
9468:
9465:
9461:
9460:
9455:
9452:
9449:
9446:
9443:
9437:
9434:
9431:
9427:
9426:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9410:
9405:
9402:
9399:
9395:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9383:
9380:
9375:
9372:
9369:
9365:
9364:
9359:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9349:
9344:
9341:
9338:
9334:
9333:
9328:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9318:
9313:
9310:
9307:
9303:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9289:
9284:
9281:
9278:
9274:
9273:
9268:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9258:
9253:
9250:
9247:
9243:
9242:
9237:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9227:
9224:
9218:
9215:
9211:
9210:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9194:
9188:
9182:
9179:
9175:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9167:
9164:
9161:
9156:
9153:
9150:
9146:
9145:
9140:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9130:
9125:
9122:
9119:
9115:
9114:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9098:
9093:
9092:Old Southwest
9090:
9087:
9083:
9082:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9068:
9065:
9059:
9056:
9052:
9051:
9046:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9036:
9030:
9027:
9024:
9020:
9019:
9014:
9011:
9009:
9006:
9003:
9000:
8999:Old Southwest
8997:
8994:
8990:
8989:
8984:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8974:
8961:
8958:
8955:
8951:
8950:
8945:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8935:
8930:
8927:
8924:
8920:
8919:
8914:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8904:
8899:
8896:
8893:
8889:
8888:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8874:
8871:
8865:
8862:
8859:
8855:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8843:
8840:
8835:
8832:
8829:
8825:
8824:
8821:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8806:
8801:
8798:
8795:
8791:
8790:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8774:
8769:
8763:
8760:
8756:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8742:
8737:
8734:
8731:
8727:
8726:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8710:
8705:
8702:
8699:
8695:
8694:
8689:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8679:
8673:
8670:
8667:
8663:
8662:
8657:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8647:
8641:
8635:
8632:
8628:
8627:
8622:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8612:
8606:
8603:
8600:
8596:
8595:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8581:
8576:
8573:
8570:
8566:
8565:
8560:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8550:
8545:
8542:
8539:
8535:
8534:
8528:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8518:
8512:
8509:
8506:
8502:
8501:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8488:
8485:
8480:
8477:
8474:
8470:
8469:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8449:
8444:
8441:
8438:
8434:
8433:
8428:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8418:
8415:
8412:
8409:
8405:
8404:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8388:
8383:
8382:Old Southwest
8380:
8377:
8373:
8372:
8367:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8357:
8354:
8344:
8341:
8337:
8336:
8331:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8321:
8315:
8309:
8306:
8302:
8301:
8296:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8286:
8280:
8277:
8274:
8270:
8269:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8253:
8250:
8247:
8244:
8240:
8239:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8222:
8216:
8213:
8210:
8206:
8205:
8200:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8190:
8187:
8184:
8181:
8177:
8176:
8171:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8161:
8152:
8149:
8146:
8142:
8141:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8125:
8120:
8119:Old Southwest
8117:
8114:
8110:
8109:
8104:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8094:
8089:
8086:
8083:
8079:
8078:
8073:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8063:
8060:
8054:
8051:
8047:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8033:
8028:
8025:
8022:
8018:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8004:
8001:
7995:
7992:
7988:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7974:
7969:
7963:
7960:
7956:
7955:
7950:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7940:
7934:
7928:
7925:
7921:
7920:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7907:
7904:
7898:
7892:
7889:
7885:
7884:
7879:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7869:
7864:
7861:
7858:
7854:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7840:
7834:
7831:
7828:
7824:
7823:
7818:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7808:
7798:
7792:
7789:
7785:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7771:
7766:
7763:
7760:
7756:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7744:
7741:
7736:
7733:
7730:
7726:
7725:
7720:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7710:
7700:
7694:
7691:
7687:
7686:
7681:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7671:
7666:
7665:Old Southwest
7663:
7660:
7656:
7655:
7650:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7640:
7634:
7631:
7628:
7624:
7623:
7618:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7608:
7605:
7599:
7596:
7592:
7591:
7589:Jedidiah Morse
7586:
7584:
7581:
7578:
7575:
7570:
7567:
7564:
7560:
7559:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7539:
7533:
7527:
7524:
7520:
7519:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7499:
7494:
7491:
7488:
7484:
7483:
7477:
7474:
7471:
7468:
7465:
7460:
7459:Old Southwest
7457:
7454:
7450:
7449:
7446:
7443:
7440:
7437:
7434:
7429:
7426:
7423:
7419:
7418:
7416:Jedidiah Morse
7413:
7411:
7408:
7405:
7402:
7397:
7394:
7391:
7387:
7386:
7381:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7371:
7357:
7356:Old Southwest
7354:
7351:
7347:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7333:
7328:
7325:
7322:
7318:
7317:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7301:
7298:
7295:
7292:
7288:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7274:
7269:
7263:
7260:
7256:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7244:
7241:
7236:
7233:
7230:
7226:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7212:
7207:
7204:
7201:
7197:
7196:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7183:
7180:
7175:
7172:
7169:
7165:
7164:
7161:
7158:
7155:
7152:
7149:
7144:
7141:
7138:
7134:
7133:
7128:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7118:
7113:
7110:
7107:
7103:
7102:
7097:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7087:
7078:
7072:
7069:
7065:
7064:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7047:
7041:
7035:
7032:
7028:
7027:
7022:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7012:
7007:
7004:
7001:
6997:
6996:
6991:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6981:
6976:
6973:
6970:
6966:
6965:
6960:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6950:
6945:
6944:Old Northwest
6942:
6939:
6935:
6934:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6920:
6917:
6910:
6907:
6904:
6900:
6899:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6886:
6883:
6881:Pueblo Picuris
6878:
6875:
6872:
6868:
6867:
6862:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6849:
6846:
6843:
6839:
6838:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6822:
6816:
6813:
6810:
6806:
6805:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6788:
6785:
6780:
6777:
6774:
6770:
6769:
6764:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6754:
6749:
6746:
6743:
6739:
6738:
6733:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6723:
6717:
6711:
6708:
6704:
6703:
6701:Hall J. Kelley
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6687:
6682:
6679:
6676:
6672:
6671:
6666:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6656:
6650:
6649:Old Southwest
6647:
6644:
6640:
6639:
6635:J. Cortez and
6633:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6623:
6617:
6614:
6611:
6607:
6606:
6603:
6598:(according to
6596:
6593:
6590:
6587:
6582:
6579:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6558:
6555:
6552:
6549:
6545:
6544:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6527:
6522:
6516:
6513:
6509:
6508:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6492:
6486:
6480:
6477:
6473:
6472:
6470:Joseph L. Meek
6467:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6457:
6451:
6448:
6445:
6441:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6427:
6421:
6418:
6415:
6411:
6410:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6394:
6389:
6386:
6383:
6379:
6378:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6364:
6359:
6356:
6353:
6349:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6337:
6334:
6329:
6326:
6323:
6319:
6318:
6313:
6310:
6307:
6304:
6301:
6295:
6294:Old Southwest
6292:
6289:
6285:
6284:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6268:
6263:
6257:
6254:
6250:
6249:
6243:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6233:
6227:
6221:
6218:
6214:
6213:
6211:Jedidiah Morse
6208:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6198:
6188:
6185:
6182:
6178:
6177:
6172:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6162:
6156:
6153:
6150:
6146:
6145:
6140:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6130:
6129:(Witsuwitʼen)
6124:
6118:
6115:
6111:
6110:
6105:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6095:
6090:
6087:
6084:
6080:
6079:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6065:
6060:
6059:Old Southwest
6057:
6054:
6050:
6049:
6046:
6039:
6036:
6033:
6030:
6025:
6022:
6019:
6015:
6014:
6009:
6007:
6005:
6002:
5999:
5994:
5991:
5988:
5984:
5983:
5974:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5951:
5948:
5944:
5943:
5938:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5928:
5925:
5922:
5919:
5915:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5901:
5895:
5892:
5889:
5885:
5884:
5879:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5869:
5864:
5861:
5858:
5854:
5853:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5839:
5836:
5833:
5830:
5826:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5761:
5760:
5751:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5741:
5735:
5729:
5726:
5722:
5721:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5700:
5697:
5694:
5690:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5676:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5661:
5660:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5631:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5608:
5604:
5603:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5576:
5570:
5567:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5541:
5535:
5532:
5528:
5527:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5507:
5504:
5501:
5497:
5496:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5469:
5468:Old Southwest
5466:
5463:
5459:
5458:
5456:John R. Jewitt
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5427:
5426:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5378:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5355:A. C. Anderson
5352:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5342:
5336:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5320:A. C. Anderson
5313:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5303:
5298:
5292:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5256:
5255:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5232:
5229:
5226:
5222:
5221:
5212:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5196:
5193:
5190:
5186:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5172:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5139:
5130:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5080:Jedidiah Morse
5077:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5067:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5051:
5050:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5035:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5012:Jedidiah Morse
5009:
5007:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4989:
4988:Old Northwest
4986:
4983:
4979:
4978:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4960:
4957:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4911:
4908:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4886:
4881:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4819:
4818:Old Northwest
4816:
4813:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4786:
4783:
4780:
4776:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4756:
4755:Old Northwest
4753:
4750:
4746:
4745:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4721:
4720:Old Northwest
4718:
4715:
4711:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4691:
4690:Old Northwest
4688:
4685:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4665:
4659:
4653:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4628:Tohono Oʼodham
4625:
4622:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4585:
4579:
4576:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4442:
4441:
4439:A. C. Anderson
4432:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4387:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4372:
4371:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4347:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4198:
4197:
4195:C. F. Newcombe
4192:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4175:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4087:Joseph L. Meek
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3879:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3841:5 large towns
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3761:
3760:Old Northwest
3758:
3755:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3732:Pueblo Tompiro
3729:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3717:F. K. Louthan
3715:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3640:Akimel O'odham
3637:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3490:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3461:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3324:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3292:
3291:Old Northwest
3289:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3230:Old Northwest
3228:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2744:(Gros Ventre)
2739:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2646:Pueblo Punames
2643:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2433:Louis Hennepin
2430:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2413:Old Southwest
2411:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2382:
2381:Old Northwest
2379:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2305:
2304:Old Southwest
2302:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1726:
1725:Old Southwest
1723:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1612:G. C. Beltrami
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1571:G. C. Beltrami
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1476:Old Northwest
1474:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1306:Old Northwest
1304:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1219:Gabriel Sagard
1216:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1126:
1125:Old Southwest
1123:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1077:James Seagrove
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
985:
982:
979:
975:
974:
969:
966:
964:
961:
958:
952:
946:
943:
939:
938:
933:
930:
928:
925:
922:
916:
913:
910:
906:
905:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
883:
880:
877:
873:
872:
870:Jedidiah Morse
867:
865:
863:
860:
857:
852:
849:
846:
842:
841:
839:Jedidiah Morse
836:
829:
827:
824:
821:
816:
813:
810:
806:
805:
800:
798:
795:
792:
789:
784:
783:Old Northwest
781:
778:
774:
773:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
747:
746:Old Southwest
744:
741:
737:
736:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
713:
710:
707:
703:
702:
699:
696:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
678:Cultural Area
676:
660:
657:
654:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
625:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
596:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
567:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
538:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
509:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
480:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
451:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
422:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
393:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
364:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
335:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
306:
305:
302:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
269:
266:
157:
153:David Stannard
122:
119:
111:forced removal
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
25658:
25647:
25644:
25642:
25639:
25637:
25634:
25632:
25629:
25627:
25624:
25622:
25619:
25617:
25614:
25612:
25609:
25608:
25606:
25585:
25581:
25577:
25573:
25569:
25565:
25561:
25557:
25553:
25549:
25545:
25541:
25537:
25533:
25529:
25525:
25521:
25517:
25516:
25513:
25504:
25492:
25488:
25484:
25480:
25476:
25472:
25466:
25462:
25458:
25454:
25450:
25446:
25445:
25442:
25438:
25434:
25430:
25426:
25422:
25418:
25414:
25410:
25406:
25402:
25398:
25397:
25394:
25385:
25373:
25369:
25365:
25361:
25357:
25356:Sobibor trial
25353:
25349:
25345:
25341:
25337:
25333:
25329:
25325:
25321:
25317:
25313:
25309:
25305:
25301:
25297:
25293:
25289:
25285:
25281:
25277:
25273:
25269:
25265:
25261:
25257:
25253:
25249:
25245:
25241:
25237:
25233:
25229:
25225:
25221:
25220:Belsen trials
25217:
25213:
25212:Dachau trials
25209:
25205:
25201:
25197:
25193:
25189:
25185:
25181:
25180:Kharkov trial
25177:
25173:
25169:
25168:
25165:
25159:
25153:
25150:
25146:
25139:
25135:
25132:
25128:
25125:
25124:Justification
25121:
25118:
25114:
25111:
25107:
25104:
25100:
25097:
25093:
25088:
25084:
25081:
25077:
25074:
25070:
25069:
25067:
25063:
25062:
25060:
25056:
25049:
25045:
25042:
25038:
25035:
25031:
25028:
25024:
25021:
25017:
25014:
25010:
25007:
25003:
24998:
24994:
24993:
24991:
24990:The Holocaust
24987:
24986:
24984:
24982:
24978:
24971:
24967:
24964:
24960:
24957:
24953:
24950:
24949:Death marches
24946:
24941:
24937:
24934:
24930:
24929:
24927:
24923:
24920:
24916:
24913:
24909:
24906:
24902:
24899:
24895:
24892:
24888:
24887:
24885:
24881:
24874:
24870:
24867:
24863:
24860:
24856:
24853:
24849:
24846:
24842:
24839:
24835:
24832:
24828:
24825:
24821:
24818:
24814:
24811:
24807:
24800:
24796:
24795:
24793:
24789:
24788:
24786:
24782:
24777:
24773:
24772:
24770:
24766:
24765:
24763:
24759:
24747:
24743:
24739:
24735:
24731:
24727:
24723:
24719:
24715:
24711:
24707:
24706:Iraqi Turkmen
24703:
24699:
24695:
24690:
24686:
24685:
24682:
24678:
24674:
24670:
24669:
24666:
24661:
24655:
24643:
24639:
24635:
24631:
24626:
24622:
24621:
24618:
24614:
24610:
24606:
24602:
24598:
24594:
24590:
24586:
24582:
24578:
24574:
24570:
24566:
24562:
24558:
24554:
24550:
24546:
24542:
24538:
24534:
24530:
24526:
24522:
24518:
24513:
24509:
24506:
24502:
24501:
24497:
24493:
24489:
24485:
24481:
24477:
24473:
24469:
24465:
24461:
24457:
24453:
24449:
24445:
24441:
24437:
24433:
24432:
24429:
24424:
24418:
24406:
24402:
24398:
24394:
24390:
24386:
24382:
24378:
24374:
24370:
24366:
24362:
24358:
24354:
24350:
24346:
24342:
24341:The Holocaust
24338:
24334:
24330:
24326:
24322:
24318:
24314:
24310:
24306:
24302:
24298:
24294:
24290:
24286:
24282:
24278:
24274:
24270:
24266:
24262:
24258:
24254:
24250:
24246:
24242:
24238:
24234:
24230:
24226:
24223:(1920s–1930s)
24222:
24221:Ingrian Finns
24218:
24214:
24210:
24206:
24202:
24198:
24194:
24188:
24184:
24180:
24176:
24172:
24168:
24164:
24160:
24156:
24152:
24147:
24146:Pontic Greeks
24143:
24142:
24139:
24135:
24134:
24132:
24128:
24127:
24124:
24119:
24113:
24099:
24095:
24094:
24092:
24088:
24084:
24080:
24076:
24072:
24068:
24064:
24061:(1890s–1900s)
24060:
24056:
24052:
24048:
24044:
24040:
24036:
24032:
24028:
24024:
24020:
24016:
24012:
24008:
24002:
23998:
23994:
23990:
23986:
23982:
23978:
23974:
23973:
23971:
23967:
23963:
23959:
23955:
23951:
23945:
23941:
23937:
23933:
23932:
23930:
23926:
23922:
23918:
23914:
23910:
23906:
23902:
23898:
23894:
23888:
23884:
23881:(1700s–1800s)
23880:
23876:
23875:
23873:
23869:
23865:
23861:
23857:
23853:
23849:
23845:
23841:
23837:
23833:
23829:
23825:
23821:
23817:
23813:
23809:
23805:
23801:
23797:
23793:
23789:
23788:
23785:
23780:
23774:
23762:
23758:
23754:
23750:
23746:
23742:
23738:
23734:
23731:(1200s–1360s)
23730:
23726:
23722:
23718:
23714:
23710:
23706:
23702:
23697:
23693:
23692:
23689:
23685:
23681:
23677:
23673:
23669:
23668:
23665:
23660:
23654:
23651:
23648:
23643:
23639:
23635:
23628:
23623:
23621:
23616:
23614:
23609:
23608:
23605:
23593:
23590:
23588:
23585:
23583:
23580:
23578:
23575:
23573:
23570:
23568:
23565:
23563:
23560:
23558:
23555:
23553:
23549:
23546:
23545:
23542:
23536:
23533:
23531:
23528:
23526:
23523:
23521:
23518:
23516:
23513:
23512:
23510:
23506:
23498:
23497:South America
23495:
23493:
23492:North America
23490:
23489:
23487:
23485:
23482:
23480:
23477:
23475:
23472:
23471:
23469:
23465:
23459:
23456:
23454:
23451:
23449:
23446:
23444:
23441:
23439:
23436:
23434:
23431:
23430:
23428:
23424:
23418:
23415:
23413:
23410:
23408:
23405:
23403:
23400:
23398:
23395:
23393:
23392:Paleo-Indians
23390:
23389:
23387:
23383:
23377:
23374:
23372:
23369:
23365:
23362:
23360:
23357:
23355:
23352:
23350:
23347:
23346:
23345:
23342:
23340:
23337:
23335:
23332:
23330:
23327:
23325:
23322:
23320:
23317:
23316:
23314:
23310:
23305:
23295:
23292:
23290:
23287:
23285:
23284:South America
23282:
23280:
23279:Latin America
23277:
23275:
23272:
23270:
23267:
23265:
23262:
23260:
23259:North America
23257:
23256:
23254:
23252:
23248:
23244:
23239:
23230:
23225:
23223:
23218:
23216:
23211:
23210:
23207:
23195:
23192:
23190:
23187:
23184:
23183:
23180:
23174:
23171:
23169:
23166:
23164:
23161:
23159:
23156:
23154:
23151:
23149:
23146:
23144:
23141:
23139:
23136:
23134:
23131:
23129:
23126:
23124:
23121:
23119:
23116:
23114:
23111:
23109:
23106:
23104:
23101:
23099:
23096:
23094:
23091:
23089:
23086:
23084:
23081:
23079:
23076:
23074:
23073:Falcon dancer
23071:
23069:
23066:
23064:
23061:
23059:
23056:
23054:
23051:
23049:
23046:
23044:
23041:
23037:
23034:
23033:
23032:
23029:
23027:
23024:
23022:
23019:
23017:
23014:
23013:
23011:
23009:Miscellaneous
23007:
23001:
22998:
22996:
22993:
22991:
22988:
22986:
22983:
22981:
22980:Melbourne Man
22978:
22976:
22973:
22971:
22970:La Brea Woman
22968:
22966:
22965:Kennewick Man
22963:
22961:
22958:
22956:
22953:
22951:
22948:
22947:
22945:
22939:
22933:
22930:
22928:
22925:
22923:
22920:
22918:
22915:
22913:
22910:
22908:
22905:
22903:
22900:
22898:
22895:
22893:
22890:
22888:
22885:
22883:
22880:
22878:
22875:
22873:
22870:
22868:
22865:
22863:
22860:
22858:
22857:Serpent Mound
22855:
22853:
22850:
22848:
22845:
22843:
22840:
22838:
22835:
22833:
22830:
22828:
22825:
22823:
22820:
22818:
22815:
22813:
22810:
22808:
22807:Pueblo Bonito
22805:
22803:
22802:Poverty Point
22800:
22798:
22795:
22793:
22790:
22788:
22787:Pinson Mounds
22785:
22783:
22780:
22778:
22777:Painted Bluff
22775:
22773:
22770:
22768:
22765:
22763:
22760:
22758:
22755:
22753:
22750:
22748:
22745:
22743:
22740:
22738:
22735:
22733:
22730:
22728:
22725:
22723:
22720:
22718:
22715:
22713:
22710:
22708:
22705:
22703:
22700:
22698:
22695:
22693:
22690:
22688:
22685:
22683:
22680:
22678:
22675:
22673:
22670:
22668:
22665:
22663:
22660:
22658:
22657:Horr's Island
22655:
22653:
22650:
22648:
22645:
22643:
22640:
22638:
22635:
22633:
22630:
22628:
22625:
22623:
22620:
22618:
22615:
22613:
22610:
22608:
22605:
22603:
22600:
22598:
22595:
22593:
22590:
22588:
22587:Effigy Mounds
22585:
22583:
22580:
22578:
22575:
22573:
22570:
22568:
22565:
22563:
22560:
22558:
22555:
22553:
22552:Crystal River
22550:
22548:
22545:
22543:
22540:
22538:
22535:
22533:
22530:
22528:
22525:
22523:
22520:
22518:
22515:
22513:
22510:
22508:
22505:
22503:
22500:
22498:
22495:
22493:
22490:
22488:
22485:
22483:
22480:
22479:
22477:
22471:
22465:
22464:Weeden Island
22462:
22460:
22457:
22455:
22452:
22450:
22447:
22445:
22442:
22440:
22437:
22435:
22432:
22430:
22429:Safety Harbor
22427:
22425:
22422:
22420:
22419:Poverty Point
22417:
22415:
22412:
22410:
22407:
22405:
22402:
22400:
22399:Paleo-Indians
22397:
22395:
22392:
22390:
22387:
22385:
22382:
22380:
22377:
22375:
22372:
22367:
22363:
22362:
22361:
22360:Mississippian
22358:
22356:
22353:
22351:
22348:
22346:
22343:
22338:
22334:
22333:
22332:
22329:
22327:
22324:
22322:
22319:
22317:
22314:
22312:
22309:
22307:
22304:
22302:
22299:
22297:
22294:
22292:
22289:
22287:
22284:
22282:
22279:
22277:
22274:
22272:
22269:
22267:
22264:
22262:
22259:
22257:
22254:
22252:
22249:
22247:
22244:
22242:
22239:
22237:
22234:
22232:
22229:
22227:
22224:
22222:
22219:
22217:
22214:
22212:
22209:
22208:
22206:
22200:
22194:
22191:
22189:
22186:
22184:
22181:
22179:
22176:
22174:
22171:
22168:
22167:
22162:
22161:
22158:
22154:
22147:
22142:
22140:
22135:
22133:
22128:
22127:
22124:
22110:
22109:
22096:
22090:
22087:
22085:
22082:
22080:
22077:
22075:
22072:
22070:
22067:
22065:
22062:
22060:
22057:
22055:
22052:
22050:
22047:
22045:
22042:
22041:
22038:
22034:
22029:
22020:
22015:
22012:
22009:
22003:
21997:
21992:
21989:
21986:
21981:
21976:
21971:
21967:
21964:
21961:
21960:Hernán Cortés
21956:
21953:
21949:
21946:
21942:
21938:
21934:
21930:
21927:
21925:
21921:
21917:
21913:
21909:
21906:
21904:
21900:
21896:
21893:
21891:
21887:
21883:
21879:
21876:
21872:
21869:
21866:
21864:
21861:
21859:
21856:
21854:
21851:
21847:
21844:
21840:
21837:
21835:
21832:
21830:
21827:
21825:
21822:
21818:
21815:
21812:
21810:
21807:
21805:
21802:
21800:
21797:
21793:
21790:
21787:
21785:
21782:
21780:
21777:
21775:
21772:
21768:
21765:
21762:
21760:
21757:
21755:
21752:
21750:
21747:
21743:
21740:
21737:
21735:
21732:
21730:
21727:
21725:
21722:
21718:
21714:
21709:
21706:
21704:
21701:
21699:
21696:
21694:
21691:
21687:
21684:
21681:
21679:
21676:
21674:
21671:
21669:
21666:
21662:
21659:
21656:
21654:
21651:
21649:
21646:
21644:
21641:
21637:
21634:
21631:
21629:
21626:
21623:
21618:
21615:
21613:
21610:
21606:
21603:
21600:
21597:
21592:
21589:
21586:
21581:
21578:
21576:
21573:
21569:
21566:
21563:
21561:
21558:
21556:
21553:
21551:
21548:
21544:
21541:
21538:
21536:
21533:
21530:
21525:
21522:
21519:
21514:
21511:
21507:
21504:
21501:
21499:
21496:
21493:
21488:
21485:
21483:
21480:
21476:
21473:
21470:
21468:
21465:
21463:
21460:
21458:
21455:
21451:
21448:
21445:
21443:
21439:
21436:
21434:
21431:
21429:
21426:
21422:
21419:
21414:
21409:
21404:
21398:
21393:
21387:
21384:
21382:
21379:
21377:
21374:
21372:
21369:
21367:
21364:
21362:
21359:
21357:
21354:
21352:
21349:
21347:
21344:
21342:
21339:
21337:
21334:
21332:
21329:
21327:
21324:
21322:
21319:
21317:
21314:
21312:
21309:
21307:
21304:
21302:
21299:
21297:
21294:
21292:
21289:
21287:
21284:
21282:
21279:
21277:
21274:
21272:
21269:
21267:
21264:
21262:
21259:
21257:
21254:
21252:
21249:
21247:
21244:
21242:
21239:
21237:
21234:
21232:
21229:
21227:
21224:
21222:
21219:
21217:
21214:
21212:
21209:
21207:
21204:
21202:
21199:
21197:
21194:
21192:
21189:
21187:
21184:
21182:
21179:
21177:
21174:
21172:
21169:
21167:
21164:
21162:
21159:
21157:
21154:
21152:
21149:
21147:
21144:
21142:
21139:
21137:
21134:
21132:
21129:
21127:
21124:
21122:
21118:
21115:
21113:
21110:
21108:
21105:
21103:
21100:
21098:
21095:
21093:
21090:
21088:
21085:
21083:
21080:
21078:
21075:
21071:
21068:
21067:
21066:
21063:
21061:
21058:
21054:
21051:
21050:
21049:
21046:
21042:
21039:
21038:
21037:
21034:
21032:
21029:
21027:
21024:
21022:
21019:
21017:
21014:
21013:
21011:
21009:
21008:South America
21005:
20999:
20996:
20994:
20991:
20989:
20986:
20984:
20981:
20979:
20976:
20974:
20971:
20969:
20966:
20964:
20961:
20959:
20956:
20954:
20951:
20949:
20946:
20944:
20941:
20939:
20936:
20934:
20931:
20929:
20926:
20924:
20921:
20919:
20916:
20914:
20911:
20909:
20906:
20904:
20901:
20899:
20896:
20894:
20891:
20889:
20886:
20884:
20881:
20879:
20876:
20874:
20871:
20869:
20866:
20864:
20861:
20859:
20856:
20854:
20851:
20849:
20846:
20845:
20843:
20841:
20837:
20831:
20830:Weeden Island
20828:
20826:
20823:
20821:
20818:
20816:
20813:
20811:
20808:
20806:
20805:Poverty Point
20803:
20801:
20798:
20796:
20793:
20791:
20788:
20786:
20783:
20781:
20778:
20776:
20773:
20771:
20770:Mississippian
20768:
20766:
20763:
20761:
20758:
20756:
20753:
20751:
20748:
20746:
20743:
20741:
20738:
20736:
20733:
20731:
20728:
20726:
20723:
20721:
20718:
20716:
20713:
20711:
20708:
20706:
20703:
20702:
20700:
20698:
20697:North America
20694:
20688:
20685:
20683:
20680:
20678:
20675:
20673:
20670:
20668:
20667:Paleo-Indians
20665:
20664:
20662:
20658:
20654:
20647:
20642:
20640:
20635:
20633:
20628:
20627:
20624:
20601:
20598:
20596:
20593:
20592:
20591:
20588:
20586:
20583:
20581:
20578:
20574:
20571:
20569:
20566:
20565:
20564:
20561:
20559:
20556:
20554:
20551:
20549:
20546:
20544:
20541:
20539:
20536:
20534:
20531:
20529:
20526:
20525:
20522:
20518:
20514:
20507:
20502:
20500:
20495:
20493:
20488:
20487:
20484:
20472:
20471:
20467:
20465:
20464:
20460:
20459:
20456:
20450:
20447:
20445:
20442:
20440:
20437:
20435:
20432:
20430:
20427:
20425:
20422:
20420:
20417:
20413:
20410:
20408:
20405:
20403:
20400:
20398:
20395:
20394:
20393:
20390:
20389:
20387:
20383:
20373:
20370:
20368:
20365:
20363:
20360:
20358:
20355:
20353:
20350:
20348:
20345:
20343:
20340:
20338:
20335:
20333:
20330:
20328:
20325:
20323:
20320:
20318:
20315:
20314:
20312:
20309:
20305:
20304:South America
20301:
20295:
20294:United States
20292:
20290:
20287:
20285:
20282:
20280:
20277:
20275:
20272:
20270:
20267:
20265:
20262:
20260:
20257:
20255:
20252:
20250:
20247:
20245:
20242:
20240:
20237:
20235:
20232:
20230:
20227:
20226:
20224:
20222:
20221:North America
20218:
20215:
20211:Modern groups
20209:
20201:
20198:
20196:
20193:
20192:
20191:
20188:
20187:
20185:
20179:
20169:
20166:
20164:
20161:
20157:
20154:
20153:
20152:
20149:
20147:
20144:
20143:
20141:
20139:
20135:
20129:
20126:
20124:
20121:
20119:
20116:
20114:
20111:
20110:
20108:
20106:
20102:
20092:
20089:
20087:
20084:
20082:
20079:
20078:
20076:
20074:South America
20072:
20062:
20059:
20057:
20054:
20052:
20049:
20048:
20046:
20042:
20036:
20033:
20031:
20028:
20026:
20023:
20021:
20018:
20017:
20015:
20011:
20008:
20004:
19998:
19997:Turtle Island
19995:
19993:
19990:
19988:
19985:
19983:
19980:
19978:
19975:
19973:
19970:
19968:
19965:
19963:
19960:
19959:
19957:
19955:North America
19953:
19947:
19944:
19940:
19937:
19936:
19934:
19931:
19930:
19928:
19924:
19919:
19909:
19906:
19904:
19901:
19899:
19896:
19894:
19891:
19889:
19886:
19884:
19883:Paleo-Indians
19881:
19880:
19878:
19874:
19870:
19863:
19858:
19856:
19851:
19849:
19844:
19843:
19840:
19833:
19829:
19826:
19823:
19820:
19818:
19815:
19813:
19810:
19808:
19805:
19803:
19800:
19798:
19795:
19793:
19790:
19787:
19784:
19783:
19772:
19771:
19765:
19762:
19758:
19754:
19748:
19743:
19742:
19735:
19731:
19725:
19721:
19720:
19714:
19710:
19706:
19702:
19698:
19694:
19690:
19685:
19681:
19675:
19670:
19669:
19662:
19658:
19652:
19648:
19643:
19640:
19636:
19632:
19628:
19623:
19622:
19611:
19608:
19605:
19601:
19598:
19594:
19592:
19590:
19586:Rummel, R.J.
19585:
19582:
19578:
19575:Lord, Lewis.
19574:
19571:
19567:
19563:
19562:
19552:
19546:
19542:
19541:
19535:
19532:
19528:
19524:
19518:
19514:
19513:
19507:
19503:
19497:
19492:
19491:
19484:
19481:
19477:
19473:
19467:
19463:
19459:
19455:
19451:
19445:
19441:
19436:
19432:
19426:
19422:
19418:
19414:
19410:
19409:
19404:
19400:
19396:
19392:
19386:
19382:
19381:
19375:
19371:
19365:
19361:
19357:
19353:
19352:
19347:
19343:
19339:
19333:
19329:
19328:
19323:
19319:
19315:
19309:
19305:
19300:
19296:
19290:
19286:
19285:
19279:
19275:
19269:
19265:
19260:
19256:
19250:
19246:
19241:
19237:
19231:
19227:
19223:
19219:
19215:
19211:
19207:
19203:
19199:
19193:
19189:
19185:
19181:
19177:
19173:
19169:
19165:
19159:
19155:
19151:
19147:
19143:
19139:
19135:
19131:
19127:
19123:
19122:
19096:
19095:
19090:
19083:
19075:
19071:
19067:
19063:
19060:(1): 97–126.
19059:
19055:
19048:
19040:
19039:
19031:
19015:
19009:
18993:
18989:
18983:
18981:
18979:
18963:
18959:
18953:
18938:
18932:
18930:
18922:
18919:For example,
18916:
18910:, pp. 11, 351
18909:
18905:
18901:
18895:
18888:
18887:84-599-5081-6
18884:
18880:
18874:
18868:Cook, p. 212.
18865:
18857:
18851:
18847:
18839:
18831:
18827:
18823:
18816:
18814:
18805:
18801:
18797:
18790:
18788:
18786:
18784:
18775:
18769:
18765:
18761:
18760:
18755:
18749:
18747:
18739:
18734:
18719:
18713:
18709:
18708:
18700:
18693:
18688:
18681:
18676:
18669:
18664:
18657:
18652:
18645:
18640:
18633:
18627:
18619:
18613:
18609:
18602:
18595:
18582:
18581:
18576:
18569:
18561:
18555:
18551:
18550:
18542:
18527:
18523:
18517:
18508:
18501:
18496:
18490:
18489:0-375-40642-5
18486:
18482:
18477:
18470:
18465:
18463:
18455:
18450:
18443:
18438:
18436:
18428:
18422:
18415:
18410:
18403:
18398:
18391:
18386:
18384:
18382:
18374:
18369:
18362:
18357:
18355:
18353:
18345:
18341:
18337:
18334:
18328:
18326:
18324:
18322:
18314:
18309:
18300:
18298:
18296:
18280:
18276:
18269:
18254:
18253:
18248:
18241:
18232:
18227:
18223:
18219:
18215:
18211:
18207:
18200:
18185:
18181:
18174:
18166:
18162:
18158:
18154:
18150:
18146:
18139:
18131:
18127:
18123:
18119:
18115:
18111:
18107:
18103:
18096:
18088:
18086:0-8133-2641-9
18082:
18078:
18071:
18063:
18057:
18053:
18049:
18048:
18043:
18037:
18029:
18023:
18019:
18012:
18004:
17998:
17994:
17990:
17989:
17984:
17978:
17976:
17974:
17965:
17961:
17957:
17951:
17947:
17940:
17933:
17928:
17924:
17920:
17916:
17912:
17908:
17901:
17886:
17882:
17875:
17868:
17863:
17861:
17859:
17857:
17849:
17843:
17835:
17831:
17827:
17823:
17819:
17812:
17797:
17791:
17787:
17786:
17778:
17763:
17757:
17753:
17752:
17744:
17736:
17732:
17728:
17724:
17719:
17714:
17709:
17704:
17700:
17696:
17692:
17685:
17677:
17671:
17656:
17652:
17645:
17637:
17633:
17628:
17623:
17618:
17613:
17609:
17605:
17601:
17594:
17592:
17576:
17570:
17563:
17562:
17554:
17546:
17542:
17538:
17534:
17530:
17526:
17519:
17517:
17515:
17513:
17504:
17500:
17495:
17490:
17485:
17480:
17476:
17472:
17471:PLOS Genetics
17468:
17464:
17457:
17455:
17453:
17451:
17439:
17438:
17430:
17422:
17421:
17413:
17405:
17401:
17397:
17391:
17387:
17383:
17379:
17375:
17368:
17352:
17348:
17342:
17334:
17328:
17324:
17323:
17315:
17309:
17304:
17296:
17289:
17274:
17270:
17264:
17258:
17253:
17242:
17241:
17233:
17225:
17221:
17217:
17216:
17208:
17197:
17196:
17189:
17187:
17175:
17174:
17166:
17158:
17151:
17149:
17147:
17145:
17136:
17135:
17127:
17119:
17115:
17109:
17107:
17105:
17098:
17093:
17091:
17089:
17087:
17085:
17083:
17081:
17079:
17077:
17075:
17073:
17071:
17069:
17067:
17065:
17063:
17061:
17059:
17057:
17055:
17053:
17051:
17049:
17037:
17036:
17028:
17022:
17017:
17011:
17006:
17004:
16997:
16992:
16976:
16972:
16966:
16960:
16955:
16947:
16946:
16938:
16923:
16919:
16915:
16911:
16905:
16894:
16890:
16886:
16879:
16872:
16864:
16860:
16856:
16855:
16847:
16839:
16838:
16831:
16816:
16812:
16806:
16798:
16797:
16789:
16781:
16777:
16773:
16769:
16765:
16758:
16756:
16747:
16743:
16739:
16732:
16724:
16720:
16716:
16715:
16707:
16699:
16692:
16690:
16688:
16676:
16675:
16667:
16656:
16655:
16647:
16639:
16635:
16631:
16627:
16620:
16609:
16605:
16601:
16594:
16587:
16579:
16573:
16562:
16561:
16553:
16542:
16541:
16533:
16522:
16521:
16513:
16502:
16501:
16493:
16482:
16481:
16473:
16462:
16461:
16453:
16445:
16441:
16437:
16436:
16428:
16417:
16416:
16408:
16400:
16396:
16392:
16388:
16384:
16380:
16376:
16372:
16365:
16357:
16356:
16348:
16346:
16334:
16333:
16325:
16314:
16313:
16305:
16294:
16293:
16285:
16277:
16276:
16268:
16260:
16259:
16251:
16243:
16236:
16225:
16224:
16216:
16208:
16202:
16194:
16190:
16186:
16185:
16177:
16166:
16165:
16157:
16146:
16145:
16137:
16129:
16128:
16120:
16109:
16108:
16100:
16092:
16088:
16084:
16083:
16075:
16064:
16063:
16055:
16049:
16048:James Gorrell
16044:
16042:
16030:
16029:
16021:
16013:
16007:
16003:
16002:
15994:
15986:
15985:
15977:
15975:
15966:
15962:
15958:
15954:
15950:
15946:
15942:
15935:
15933:
15924:
15920:
15916:
15912:
15908:
15901:
15893:
15889:
15885:
15878:
15871:
15865:
15863:
15854:
15847:
15845:
15836:
15829:
15827:
15818:
15814:
15810:
15806:
15802:
15795:
15788:
15784:
15779:
15772:
15768:
15763:
15756:
15750:
15743:
15739:
15735:
15731:
15727:
15723:
15717:
15713:
15708:
15699:
15695:
15689:
15680:
15673:
15672:Jennings 1993
15668:
15660:
15654:
15650:
15649:
15641:
15639:
15630:
15624:
15616:
15610:
15594:
15588:
15580:
15574:
15570:
15569:
15561:
15553:
15547:
15543:
15542:
15534:
15526:
15520:
15516:
15515:
15507:
15499:
15493:
15489:
15488:
15480:
15472:
15466:
15462:
15461:
15453:
15445:
15439:
15435:
15434:
15426:
15424:
15415:
15409:
15405:
15404:
15396:
15388:
15381:
15373:
15367:
15363:
15362:
15354:
15346:
15342:
15338:
15334:
15330:
15326:
15322:
15318:
15314:
15310:
15303:
15295:
15291:
15286:
15281:
15277:
15273:
15269:
15265:
15261:
15254:
15247:
15246:
15239:
15237:
15235:
15233:
15231:
15229:
15227:
15217:
15202:
15195:
15180:
15176:
15169:
15154:
15150:
15143:
15135:
15131:
15127:
15123:
15118:
15113:
15109:
15105:
15101:
15097:
15093:
15086:
15079:
15078:Stannard 1993
15074:
15066:
15062:
15057:
15052:
15048:
15044:
15040:
15036:
15032:
15028:
15024:
15020:
15016:
15008:
15000:
14996:
14992:
14988:
14981:
14975:
14971:
14967:
14963:
14957:
14949:
14943:
14939:
14938:
14930:
14922:
14916:
14912:
14911:
14903:
14896:
14891:
14887:
14883:
14879:
14875:
14871:
14867:
14860:
14852:
14848:
14844:
14840:
14836:
14832:
14825:
14817:
14811:
14807:
14800:
14793:
14788:
14782:
14778:
14771:
14769:
14767:
14758:
14752:
14748:
14747:
14742:
14736:
14728:
14724:
14719:
14714:
14710:
14706:
14702:
14695:
14693:
14677:
14673:
14666:
14658:
14652:
14648:
14647:
14642:
14636:
14621:
14615:
14611:
14610:
14602:
14598:
14577:
14568:
14559:
14550:
14541:
14532:
14524:
14518:
14511:
14505:
14496:
14487:
14480:
14474:
14466:
14460:
14451:
14442:
14433:
14426:
14425:George Catlin
14419:
14415:
14405:
14402:
14400:
14397:
14395:
14392:
14390:
14387:
14385:
14382:
14380:
14377:
14375:
14372:
14370:
14367:
14365:
14362:
14360:
14357:
14355:
14352:
14350:
14347:
14345:
14342:
14340:
14337:
14335:
14332:
14330:
14327:
14325:
14322:
14320:
14317:
14315:
14312:
14310:
14307:
14305:
14302:
14300:
14297:
14296:
14292:
14281:
14278:
14267:
14264:
14263:Canada portal
14253:
14250:
14239:
14232:
14230:
14226:
14222:
14218:
14212:
14208:
14198:
14194:
14190:
14188:
14184:
14177:
14173:
14159:
14155:
14152:
14148:
14144:
14140:
14136:
14133:
14129:
14128:
14123:
14116:
14111:
14106:
14102:
14098:
14094:
14088:
14078:
14075:
14071:
14066:
14062:
14058:
14054:
14050:
14049:Spanish crown
14046:
14042:
14038:
14034:
14033:
14027:
14023:
14019:
14015:
14007:
14003:
13998:
13984:
13981:
13978:
13974:
13971:
13968:
13965:
13962:
13961:
13959:
13957:
13954:According to
13952:
13950:
13946:
13943:According to
13940:
13930:
13928:
13923:
13919:
13915:
13914:conquistadors
13909:
13905:
13897:
13889:
13884:
13880:
13876:
13872:
13866:
13851:
13849:
13845:
13841:
13837:
13833:
13828:
13824:
13823:Edward Jenner
13814:
13811:
13810:Variola Major
13807:
13803:
13798:
13795:
13791:
13787:
13786:Henry Bouquet
13783:
13779:
13775:
13770:
13768:
13765:Mandan chief
13763:
13762:George Catlin
13758:
13754:
13750:
13746:
13741:
13737:
13735:
13731:
13727:
13723:
13719:
13708:
13706:
13702:
13698:
13694:
13690:
13686:
13681:
13678:
13670:
13665:
13660:
13656:
13653:
13648:
13645:
13641:
13636:
13631:
13626:
13624:
13619:
13615:
13611:
13606:
13602:
13597:
13595:
13591:
13585:
13583:
13579:
13575:
13571:
13567:
13563:
13559:
13556:, influenza,
13555:
13551:
13545:
13543:
13539:
13536:
13533:
13529:
13525:
13521:
13517:
13513:
13504:
13499:
13495:
13491:
13481:
13479:
13475:
13471:
13467:
13463:
13462:Paleo-Indians
13459:
13455:
13451:
13447:
13443:
13439:
13438:Bering Strait
13435:
13431:
13427:
13423:
13419:
13411:
13406:
13400:
13390:
13381:
13379:
13377:
13374:
13371:
13368:
13367:Alaska Native
13365:
13362:
13359:
13356:
13355:
13351:
13348:
13346:
13344:
13341:
13338:
13335:
13332:
13329:
13326:
13323:
13322:
13319:
13316:
13314:
13312:
13309:
13306:
13303:
13300:
13298:SE Woodlands
13297:
13294:
13293:
13290:
13287:
13284:
13282:
13279:
13276:
13274:
13271:
13268:
13266:SE Woodlands
13265:
13262:
13261:
13257:
13255:
13253:
13250:
13247:
13245:
13242:
13239:
13237:NE Woodlands
13236:
13233:
13232:
13228:
13226:
13224:
13221:
13218:
13216:
13213:
13210:
13207:
13204:
13203:
13200:
13197:
13195:
13193:
13190:
13187:
13184:
13181:
13179:SE Woodlands
13178:
13175:
13174:
13171:
13168:
13166:
13164:
13161:
13158:
13155:
13152:
13149:
13146:
13145:
13141:
13139:
13136:
13133:
13130:
13128:
13125:
13122:
13119:
13116:
13113:
13112:
13109:
13106:
13104:
13102:
13099:
13096:
13094:
13091:
13088:
13085:
13082:
13081:
13078:
13074:
13071:
13068:
13065:
13062:
13059:
13056:
13053:
13050:
13047:
13044:
13041:
13040:
13037:
13034:
13031:
13029:
13026:
13023:
13020:
13017:
13014:
13012:NE Woodlands
13011:
13008:
13007:
13003:
13001:
12999:
12996:
12993:
12991:
12988:
12985:
12982:
12979:
12976:
12975:
12971:
12968:
12965:
12962:
12959:
12957:
12954:
12951:
12949:SE Woodlands
12948:
12945:
12944:
12941:
12938:
12935:
12933:
12930:
12927:
12925:
12922:
12919:
12917:SE Woodlands
12916:
12913:
12912:
12908:
12905:
12903:
12900:
12897:
12894:
12891:
12889:SE Woodlands
12888:
12885:
12884:
12881:
12878:
12876:
12874:
12871:
12868:
12866:
12863:
12860:
12857:
12854:
12853:
12849:
12847:
12845:
12842:
12839:
12836:
12833:
12831:NE Woodlands
12830:
12827:
12826:
12823:
12820:
12817:
12815:
12812:
12809:
12806:
12803:
12800:
12797:
12796:
12793:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12782:
12779:
12777:Secowocomoco
12776:
12773:
12771:SE Woodlands
12770:
12767:
12766:
12763:
12760:
12757:
12755:
12752:
12749:
12746:
12743:
12741:SE Woodlands
12740:
12737:
12736:
12732:
12730:
12728:
12725:
12722:
12720:
12717:
12714:
12711:
12708:
12707:
12704:W. Robertson
12703:
12701:
12699:
12696:
12693:
12690:
12687:
12684:
12681:
12680:
12676:
12673:
12671:
12668:
12665:
12662:
12659:
12657:SE Woodlands
12656:
12653:
12652:
12649:
12646:
12644:
12642:
12639:
12636:
12633:
12630:
12627:
12624:
12621:
12618:
12617:
12614:
12611:
12608:
12606:
12603:
12600:
12597:
12594:
12592:SE Woodlands
12591:
12588:
12587:
12583:
12581:
12579:
12576:
12573:
12571:
12568:
12565:
12562:
12559:
12558:
12554:
12551:
12549:
12546:
12543:
12541:
12538:
12535:
12533:NE Woodlands
12532:
12529:
12528:
12525:
12522:
12520:
12518:
12515:
12512:
12509:
12505:
12502:
12499:
12497:SE Woodlands
12496:
12493:
12492:
12489:
12486:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12476:
12474:
12471:
12468:
12466:SE Woodlands
12465:
12462:
12461:
12458:
12455:
12453:
12451:
12448:
12445:
12443:
12440:
12437:
12434:
12431:
12428:
12427:
12424:
12421:
12419:
12417:
12414:
12411:
12408:
12405:
12402:
12399:
12396:
12395:
12392:
12389:
12387:
12385:
12382:
12379:
12376:
12373:
12370:
12367:
12366:
12363:
12360:
12358:
12356:
12353:
12350:
12348:
12345:
12342:
12339:
12336:
12335:
12332:
12329:
12327:
12325:
12322:
12319:
12317:
12314:
12311:
12308:
12305:
12302:
12301:
12297:
12295:
12293:
12290:
12287:
12284:
12281:
12279:Great Plains
12278:
12275:
12274:
12271:
12268:
12266:
12264:
12261:
12258:
12256:and Kwaiailk
12255:
12252:
12249:
12246:
12243:
12242:
12238:
12236:
12234:
12231:
12228:
12225:
12222:
12219:
12216:
12213:
12212:
12208:
12206:
12204:
12201:
12198:
12195:
12192:
12189:
12186:
12183:
12182:
12178:
12176:
12174:
12171:
12168:
12166:
12163:
12160:
12157:
12154:
12151:
12150:
12147:
12144:
12142:
12140:
12137:
12134:
12132:
12129:
12126:
12123:
12120:
12119:
12116:
12113:
12111:
12109:
12106:
12103:
12101:
12098:
12095:
12092:
12089:
12088:
12085:
12084:J. R. Swanton
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12071:
12069:
12066:
12063:
12061:SE Woodlands
12060:
12057:
12056:
12053:
12050:
12048:
12046:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12032:
12030:NE Woodlands
12029:
12026:
12025:
12021:
12019:
12017:
12014:
12011:
12008:
12005:
12002:
11999:
11998:
11995:W. Robertson
11994:
11992:
11990:
11987:
11984:
11981:
11978:
11975:
11972:
11971:
11967:
11965:
11963:
11960:
11957:
11955:Ettchaottine
11954:
11951:
11948:
11945:
11942:
11941:
11938:
11935:
11933:
11931:
11928:
11925:
11922:
11919:
11916:
11913:
11910:
11909:
11906:
11903:
11901:
11899:
11896:
11893:
11891:
11888:
11885:
11882:
11879:
11878:
11874:
11872:
11870:
11867:
11864:
11861:
11858:
11855:
11852:
11851:
11848:
11845:
11843:100 warriors
11842:
11840:
11837:
11834:
11832:
11829:
11826:
11824:SE Woodlands
11823:
11820:
11819:
11816:
11813:
11811:
11809:
11806:
11803:
11800:
11797:
11794:
11791:
11788:
11787:
11784:
11781:
11779:
11777:
11774:
11771:
11768:
11765:
11762:
11759:
11758:
11755:
11752:
11750:100 warriors
11749:
11747:
11744:
11741:
11738:
11735:
11733:SE Woodlands
11732:
11729:
11728:
11725:
11722:
11720:
11718:
11715:
11712:
11710:
11707:
11704:
11701:
11698:
11695:
11694:
11691:
11688:
11686:100 warriors
11685:
11683:
11680:
11677:
11674:
11671:
11669:Great Plains
11668:
11665:
11664:
11661:
11658:
11656:100 warriors
11655:
11653:
11650:
11647:
11645:
11642:
11639:
11637:SE Woodlands
11636:
11633:
11632:
11629:
11625:
11622:
11620:
11618:
11615:
11612:
11609:
11606:
11603:
11600:
11597:
11594:
11593:
11590:
11587:
11585:100 warriors
11584:
11582:
11579:
11576:
11574:
11571:
11568:
11566:SE Woodlands
11565:
11562:
11561:
11558:
11555:
11552:
11550:
11547:
11544:
11541:
11538:
11535:
11532:
11530:NE Woodlands
11529:
11526:
11525:
11522:
11518:
11515:
11513:100 warriors
11512:
11510:
11507:
11504:
11502:Mattapanient
11501:
11498:
11496:SE Woodlands
11495:
11492:
11491:
11488:
11484:
11481:
11479:100 warriors
11478:
11476:
11473:
11470:
11468:
11465:
11462:
11460:SE Woodlands
11459:
11456:
11455:
11452:
11448:
11445:
11442:
11439:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11425:
11422:
11419:
11418:
11415:
11412:
11409:
11406:
11403:
11400:
11398:
11395:
11392:
11390:SE Woodlands
11389:
11386:
11385:
11382:
11378:
11375:
11372:
11369:
11366:
11363:
11361:
11358:
11355:
11352:
11349:
11348:
11344:
11342:
11340:
11337:
11334:
11332:
11329:
11326:
11323:
11320:
11319:
11315:
11312:
11310:
11308:
11305:
11302:
11299:
11296:
11294:SE Woodlands
11293:
11290:
11289:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11278:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11264:
11262:SE Woodlands
11261:
11258:
11257:
11253:
11250:
11248:
11245:
11242:
11239:
11237:
11234:
11231:
11229:SE Woodlands
11228:
11225:
11224:
11220:
11218:
11216:
11213:
11210:
11208:
11205:
11202:
11200:SE Woodlands
11199:
11196:
11195:
11191:
11189:
11187:
11184:
11181:
11178:
11175:
11172:
11170:SE Woodlands
11169:
11166:
11165:
11162:
11159:
11156:
11154:
11151:
11148:
11146:
11143:
11140:
11138:NE Woodlands
11137:
11134:
11133:
11130:
11127:
11125:
11123:
11120:
11117:
11115:
11111:
11108:
11105:
11102:
11099:
11098:
11095:Capers Jones
11094:
11092:
11090:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11076:
11074:NE Woodlands
11073:
11070:
11069:
11066:
11063:
11060:
11057:
11054:
11051:
11049:
11046:
11043:
11041:SE Woodlands
11040:
11037:
11036:
11033:
11030:
11028:
11026:
11023:
11020:
11018:
11015:
11012:
11010:NE Woodlands
11009:
11006:
11005:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10995:
10992:
10989:
10987:
10984:
10981:
10978:
10975:
10974:
10970:
10967:
10965:
10963:
10960:
10957:
10955:
10952:
10949:
10947:SE Woodlands
10946:
10943:
10942:
10938:
10935:
10933:
10930:
10927:
10924:
10921:
10918:
10915:
10913:SE Woodlands
10912:
10909:
10908:
10904:
10901:
10898:
10895:
10892:
10890:
10887:
10884:
10882:SE Woodlands
10881:
10878:
10877:
10873:
10870:
10868:
10866:
10863:
10860:
10857:
10854:
10851:
10849:SE Woodlands
10848:
10845:
10844:
10841:
10840:Emile Petitot
10838:
10835:
10833:
10830:
10827:
10825:
10822:
10819:
10816:
10813:
10810:
10809:
10806:
10803:
10800:
10798:
10795:
10792:
10789:
10786:
10783:
10781:SE Woodlands
10780:
10777:
10776:
10772:
10770:
10768:
10765:
10762:
10759:
10756:
10753:
10750:
10749:
10745:
10743:
10741:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10727:
10724:
10721:
10720:
10717:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10703:
10701:
10698:
10695:
10692:
10689:
10686:
10685:
10682:
10679:
10677:
10675:
10672:
10669:
10667:
10664:
10661:
10659:SE Woodlands
10658:
10655:
10654:
10651:
10648:
10646:150 warriors
10645:
10643:
10640:
10637:
10634:
10631:
10629:SE Woodlands
10628:
10625:
10624:
10621:
10618:
10616:
10614:
10611:
10608:
10605:
10602:
10599:
10597:SE Woodlands
10596:
10593:
10592:
10588:
10586:
10584:
10581:
10578:
10576:
10573:
10570:
10567:
10564:
10563:
10560:
10556:
10554:
10552:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10538:
10535:
10532:
10531:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10521:
10518:
10515:
10512:
10509:
10506:
10503:
10500:
10497:
10496:
10493:
10490:
10487:
10485:
10482:
10479:
10476:
10473:
10470:
10467:
10466:
10462:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10452:
10450:
10447:
10444:
10442:NE Woodlands
10441:
10438:
10437:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10422:
10419:
10417:
10414:
10411:
10409:SE Woodlands
10408:
10405:
10404:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10394:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10380:
10378:SE Woodlands
10377:
10374:
10373:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10348:
10346:SE Woodlands
10345:
10342:
10341:
10337:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10319:
10317:SE Woodlands
10316:
10313:
10312:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10296:
10293:
10290:
10287:
10284:
10283:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10255:
10253:SE Woodlands
10252:
10249:
10248:
10245:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10223:
10220:
10217:
10216:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10206:
10203:
10200:
10198:
10195:
10192:
10189:
10186:
10185:
10181:
10179:200 warriors
10178:
10176:
10173:
10170:
10167:
10164:
10162:SE Woodlands
10161:
10158:
10157:
10153:
10151:200 warriors
10150:
10148:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10134:
10132:SE Woodlands
10131:
10128:
10127:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10117:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10105:
10102:
10099:
10097:SE Woodlands
10096:
10093:
10092:
10088:
10086:
10084:
10081:
10078:
10075:
10072:
10069:
10066:
10065:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10041:
10038:
10035:
10032:
10031:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10014:
10012:
10009:
10006:
10004:SE Woodlands
10003:
10000:
9999:
9995:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9985:
9982:
9979:
9977:SE Woodlands
9976:
9973:
9972:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9958:
9955:
9952:
9948:
9945:
9942:
9940:SE Woodlands
9939:
9936:
9935:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9911:
9909:SE Woodlands
9908:
9905:
9904:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9880:
9878:SE Woodlands
9877:
9874:
9873:
9870:
9866:
9865:J. R. Swanton
9863:
9861:
9858:
9855:
9852:
9849:
9845:
9842:
9839:
9837:SE Woodlands
9836:
9833:
9832:
9829:
9825:
9824:J. R. Swanton
9822:
9820:
9817:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9805:
9802:
9799:
9797:SE Woodlands
9796:
9793:
9792:
9788:
9785:
9782:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9768:
9766:Great Plains
9765:
9762:
9761:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9735:
9733:SE Woodlands
9732:
9729:
9728:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9704:
9702:SE Woodlands
9701:
9698:
9697:
9694:
9691:
9689:
9686:
9683:
9680:
9678:
9674:
9671:
9668:
9666:SE Woodlands
9665:
9662:
9661:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9650:
9647:
9644:
9641:
9638:
9635:
9633:SE Woodlands
9632:
9629:
9628:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9612:
9609:
9606:
9603:
9600:
9597:
9594:
9593:
9589:
9586:
9582:
9580:
9577:
9574:
9571:
9568:
9566:SE Woodlands
9565:
9562:
9561:
9558:W. J. Rivers
9557:
9555:210 warriors
9554:
9551:
9548:
9545:
9543:
9540:
9537:
9535:SE Woodlands
9534:
9531:
9530:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9514:
9512:
9509:
9506:
9503:
9500:
9497:
9496:
9493:
9489:
9486:
9484:
9481:
9478:
9475:
9472:
9469:
9466:
9463:
9462:
9459:
9456:
9453:
9450:
9447:
9444:
9441:
9438:
9435:
9433:SE Woodlands
9432:
9429:
9428:
9425:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9403:
9400:
9397:
9396:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9373:
9371:SE Woodlands
9370:
9367:
9366:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9342:
9340:SE Woodlands
9339:
9336:
9335:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9311:
9309:SE Woodlands
9308:
9305:
9304:
9300:
9298:
9296:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9282:
9280:SE Woodlands
9279:
9276:
9275:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9251:
9249:SE Woodlands
9248:
9245:
9244:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9228:
9225:
9222:
9219:
9216:
9213:
9212:
9209:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9195:
9192:
9189:
9186:
9183:
9180:
9177:
9176:
9172:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9154:
9151:
9148:
9147:
9144:
9143:J. R. Swanton
9141:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9123:
9121:SE Woodlands
9120:
9117:
9116:
9113:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9091:
9089:SE Woodlands
9088:
9085:
9084:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9069:
9066:
9063:
9060:
9057:
9054:
9053:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9037:
9034:
9031:
9028:
9025:
9022:
9021:
9018:
9015:
9013:300 warriors
9012:
9010:
9007:
9004:
9001:
8998:
8996:SE Woodlands
8995:
8992:
8991:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8969:
8965:
8962:
8959:
8957:SE Woodlands
8956:
8953:
8952:
8949:
8948:A. L. Kroeber
8946:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8928:
8925:
8922:
8921:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8897:
8895:SE Woodlands
8894:
8891:
8890:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8875:
8872:
8869:
8866:
8863:
8861:SE Woodlands
8860:
8857:
8856:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8833:
8831:SE Woodlands
8830:
8827:
8826:
8822:
8819:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8799:
8797:NE Woodlands
8796:
8793:
8792:
8789:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8767:
8764:
8761:
8758:
8757:
8753:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8735:
8732:
8729:
8728:
8725:
8724:William Clark
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8703:
8701:Great Plains
8700:
8697:
8696:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8680:
8677:
8674:
8671:
8669:SE Woodlands
8668:
8665:
8664:
8661:
8660:Emile Petitot
8658:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8648:
8645:
8642:
8639:
8636:
8633:
8630:
8629:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8613:
8610:
8607:
8604:
8602:SE Woodlands
8601:
8598:
8597:
8593:
8591:320 warriors
8590:
8588:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8579:Passamaquoddy
8577:
8574:
8572:NE Woodlands
8571:
8568:
8567:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8543:
8540:
8537:
8536:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8519:
8516:
8513:
8510:
8508:SE Woodlands
8507:
8504:
8503:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8478:
8475:
8472:
8471:
8468:
8464:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8442:
8439:
8436:
8435:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8419:
8416:
8413:
8410:
8407:
8406:
8403:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8381:
8379:SE Woodlands
8378:
8375:
8374:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8358:
8356:Ungava Inuit
8355:
8352:
8348:
8345:
8342:
8339:
8338:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8322:
8319:
8316:
8313:
8310:
8307:
8304:
8303:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8287:
8284:
8281:
8278:
8275:
8272:
8271:
8268:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8254:
8251:
8248:
8245:
8242:
8241:
8237:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8223:
8220:
8217:
8214:
8212:SE Woodlands
8211:
8208:
8207:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8191:
8188:
8185:
8182:
8179:
8178:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8156:
8153:
8150:
8147:
8144:
8143:
8140:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8118:
8116:SE Woodlands
8115:
8112:
8111:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8087:
8084:
8081:
8080:
8077:
8076:Émile Petitot
8074:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8064:
8061:
8058:
8055:
8052:
8049:
8048:
8044:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8026:
8023:
8020:
8019:
8015:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8005:
8002:
7999:
7996:
7994:Great Plains
7993:
7990:
7989:
7985:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7967:
7964:
7961:
7958:
7957:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7941:
7939:(Bellacoola)
7938:
7935:
7932:
7929:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7908:
7905:
7903:(Senijextee)
7902:
7899:
7896:
7893:
7890:
7887:
7886:
7883:
7882:Samuel Parker
7880:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7862:
7859:
7856:
7855:
7851:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7841:
7838:
7835:
7832:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7822:
7821:Emile Petitot
7819:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7809:
7806:
7802:
7799:
7796:
7793:
7790:
7787:
7786:
7782:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7764:
7762:NE Woodlands
7761:
7758:
7757:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7734:
7732:NE Woodlands
7731:
7728:
7727:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7711:
7708:
7704:
7701:
7698:
7695:
7692:
7689:
7688:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7664:
7662:SE Woodlands
7661:
7658:
7657:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7635:
7632:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7609:
7606:
7603:
7600:
7597:
7594:
7593:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7568:
7565:
7562:
7561:
7558:
7554:
7553:George Catlin
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7540:
7537:
7534:
7531:
7528:
7526:Great Plains
7525:
7522:
7521:
7518:
7515:agents &
7514:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7492:
7489:
7486:
7485:
7481:
7478:
7475:
7472:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7458:
7456:SE Woodlands
7455:
7452:
7451:
7447:
7444:
7441:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7427:
7425:NE Woodlands
7424:
7421:
7420:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7395:
7392:
7389:
7388:
7385:
7384:J. R. Swanton
7382:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7372:
7369:
7365:
7361:
7358:
7355:
7353:SE Woodlands
7352:
7349:
7348:
7344:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7326:
7323:
7320:
7319:
7316:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7302:
7299:
7296:
7294:NE Woodlands
7293:
7290:
7289:
7285:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7267:
7264:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7234:
7232:NE Woodlands
7231:
7228:
7227:
7223:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7205:
7202:
7199:
7198:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7173:
7170:
7167:
7166:
7162:
7159:
7156:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7142:
7140:NE Woodlands
7139:
7136:
7135:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7111:
7108:
7105:
7104:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7082:
7079:
7076:
7073:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7062:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7048:
7045:
7042:
7039:
7036:
7034:NE Woodlands
7033:
7030:
7029:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7005:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6974:
6971:
6968:
6967:
6964:
6963:J. R. Swanton
6961:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6943:
6941:NE Woodlands
6940:
6937:
6936:
6933:
6932:J. R. Swanton
6929:
6927:
6924:
6921:
6918:
6915:
6911:
6908:
6906:NE Woodlands
6905:
6902:
6901:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6876:
6873:
6870:
6869:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6853:
6850:
6847:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6837:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6823:
6820:
6817:
6814:
6811:
6808:
6807:
6804:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6778:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6747:
6745:SE Woodlands
6744:
6741:
6740:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6718:
6715:
6712:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6702:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6680:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6657:
6655:and Ibitoupa
6654:
6651:
6648:
6646:SE Woodlands
6645:
6642:
6641:
6638:
6634:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6624:
6621:
6618:
6615:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6604:
6601:
6600:Juan de Onate
6597:
6594:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6580:
6577:
6574:
6573:
6570:Capers Jones
6569:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6559:
6556:
6553:
6551:NE Woodlands
6550:
6547:
6546:
6542:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6520:
6517:
6515:NE Woodlands
6514:
6511:
6510:
6507:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6493:
6490:
6487:
6484:
6481:
6478:
6475:
6474:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6458:
6455:
6452:
6449:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6438:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6428:
6425:
6422:
6419:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6409:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6385:Great Plains
6384:
6381:
6380:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6357:
6355:SE Woodlands
6354:
6351:
6350:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6327:
6325:NE Woodlands
6324:
6321:
6320:
6317:
6316:Henry Bouquet
6314:
6311:
6308:
6305:
6302:
6299:
6296:
6293:
6291:SE Woodlands
6290:
6287:
6286:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6234:
6231:
6228:
6225:
6222:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6192:
6191:Plains Apache
6189:
6186:
6184:Great Plains
6183:
6180:
6179:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6163:
6160:
6157:
6154:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6131:
6128:
6125:
6122:
6119:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6088:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6056:SE Woodlands
6055:
6052:
6051:
6047:
6044:
6040:
6037:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6023:
6021:SE Woodlands
6020:
6017:
6016:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5992:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5962:
5959:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5929:
5926:
5923:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5912:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5882:J. R. Swanton
5880:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5862:
5860:SE Woodlands
5859:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5800:SE Woodlands
5799:
5796:
5795:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5759:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5736:
5733:
5730:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5696:SE Woodlands
5695:
5692:
5691:
5688:Capers Jones
5687:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5669:
5667:NE Woodlands
5666:
5663:
5662:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5637:NE Woodlands
5636:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5601:
5597:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5526:
5525:Juan de Oñate
5523:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5480:
5477:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5465:SE Woodlands
5464:
5461:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5403:
5401:SE Woodlands
5400:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5262:NE Woodlands
5261:
5258:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5230:
5228:NE Woodlands
5227:
5224:
5223:
5220:
5219:J. R. Swanton
5216:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5165:
5163:Great Plains
5162:
5159:
5158:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5033:
5029:
5026:
5023:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4987:
4985:NE Woodlands
4984:
4981:
4980:
4977:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4930:J. R. Swanton
4928:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4909:
4907:NE Woodlands
4906:
4903:
4902:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4879:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4846:SE Woodlands
4845:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4815:NE Woodlands
4814:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4763:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4752:NE Woodlands
4751:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4717:NE Woodlands
4716:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4687:NE Woodlands
4686:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4666:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4652:NE Woodlands
4651:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4569:Samuel Parker
4567:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4525:(Piscataway)
4524:
4521:
4518:
4516:SE Woodlands
4515:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4483:SE Woodlands
4482:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4448:Great Plains
4447:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4340:NE Woodlands
4339:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4300:Henry Bouquet
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4276:Great Plains
4275:
4272:
4271:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4235:NE Woodlands
4234:
4231:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4136:SE Woodlands
4135:
4131:
4128:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4055:M. R. Stuart
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3999:NE Woodlands
3998:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3986:/ Wenatchee)
3985:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3922:Great Plains
3921:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3892:SE Woodlands
3891:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3854:SE Woodlands
3853:
3850:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3757:NE Woodlands
3756:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3663:Great Plains
3662:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3604:SE Woodlands
3603:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3417:NE Woodlands
3416:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3386:NE Woodlands
3385:
3381:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3288:NE Woodlands
3287:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:Claude Dablon
3246:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3227:NE Woodlands
3226:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:J. C. Colhoun
3184:L. Houck and
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3158:NE Woodlands
3157:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3129:Great Plains
3128:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3097:NE Woodlands
3096:
3092:
3088:
3087:Daniel Gookin
3085:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3063:NE Woodlands
3062:
3058:
3055:
3054:Daniel Gookin
3052:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3031:NE Woodlands
3030:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3001:NE Woodlands
3000:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2936:Great Plains
2935:
2932:
2931:
2928:M. R. Stuart
2927:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2907:Great Plains
2906:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2839:Great Plains
2838:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2804:NE Woodlands
2803:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2766:SE Woodlands
2765:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2735:Great Plains
2734:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2704:Great Plains
2703:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2672:NE Woodlands
2671:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2607:SE Woodlands
2606:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2574:Great Plains
2573:
2569:
2565:
2564:Daniel Gookin
2562:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2541:NE Woodlands
2540:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2442:NE Woodlands
2441:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2410:SE Woodlands
2409:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2401:Claude Dablon
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2378:NE Woodlands
2377:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2322:Mississippian
2320:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2301:SE Woodlands
2300:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2168:Great Plains
2167:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2073:Woodland Cree
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:J. R. Swanton
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1914:SE Woodlands
1913:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1852:NE Woodlands
1851:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1821:NE Woodlands
1820:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1788:NE Woodlands
1787:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1756:SE Woodlands
1755:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1722:SE Woodlands
1721:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1676:J. R. Swanton
1674:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1653:SE Woodlands
1652:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1621:NE Woodlands
1620:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1608:W. H. Keating
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1580:Great Plains
1579:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1567:W. H. Keating
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1542:Great Plains
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1506:NE Woodlands
1505:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1473:NE Woodlands
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1436:Great Plains
1435:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1400:Great Plains
1399:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1367:Great Plains
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1336:NE Woodlands
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1303:NE Woodlands
1302:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1254:George Catlin
1252:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1232:Great Plains
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1192:NE Woodlands
1191:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1169:(Apsáalooke)
1168:
1165:
1162:
1160:Great Plains
1159:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1144:first contact
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1122:NE Woodlands
1121:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1049:SE Woodlands
1048:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
989:
986:
983:
981:NE Woodlands
980:
976:
973:
972:George Catlin
970:
967:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
945:Great Plains
944:
941:
940:
937:
936:George Catlin
934:
931:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
912:Great Plains
911:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
874:
871:
868:
866:
864:
861:
858:
856:
853:
850:
848:Great Plains
847:
844:
843:
840:
837:
834:
833:East Shoshone
830:
828:
825:
822:
820:
817:
814:
811:
807:
804:
801:
799:
796:
793:
790:
788:
785:
782:
780:NE Woodlands
779:
775:
772:
771:J. R. Swanton
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
751:
748:
745:
743:SE Woodlands
742:
738:
735:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
717:
714:
711:
709:Great Plains
708:
704:
697:
692:
680:
677:
673:
665:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
626:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
597:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
568:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
539:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
510:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
481:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
452:
449:90.04–112.55
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
423:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
394:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
365:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
336:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
307:
303:
299:Patagonia and
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
276:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
244:
241:– 59,445 and
240:
236:
235:First Nations
232:
228:
224:
220:
215:
211:
207:
206:First Nations
203:
199:
195:
191:
185:
183:
178:
174:
170:
165:
161:
154:
149:
145:
135:
127:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
61:
53:
50:, during the
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
28:
24:
22:
16:
25508:21st century
25465:Ratko Mladić
25389:20th century
25332:Belzec trial
25096:Genocide law
24956:Death squads
24866:Mass killing
24776:Autogenocide
24660:21st century
24423:1946 to 1999
24295:(1935–1945)
24253:Libyan Arabs
24118:1913 to 1945
23779:1490 to 1913
23323:
23173:Water glyphs
23128:Oasisamerica
23118:N.A.G.P.R.A.
23078:Folsom point
23068:Effigy mound
23048:Clovis point
23016:Aridoamerica
22917:Wickiup Hill
22872:Spiro Mounds
22852:Salmon Ruins
22847:Russell Cave
22642:Helen Blazes
22637:Grimes Point
22617:Fort Juelson
22607:Fort Ancient
22582:El Vallecito
22542:Chaco Canyon
22482:Angel Mounds
22444:Steed-Kisker
22394:Paleo-Arctic
22316:Glacial Kame
22301:Fort Ancient
22193:Post-Classic
22164:
22099:
22083:
22032:
21882:Moctezuma II
21839:Inca history
21764:Andean Music
21708:Architecture
21703:Architecture
21698:Architecture
21693:Architecture
21689:Architecture
21683:Gender Roles
21428:Tenochtitlan
21351:Timoto–Cuica
21346:Tierradentro
21131:Casma–Sechin
20863:Chalcatzingo
20595:Aridoamerica
20573:Southeastern
20568:Northeastern
20468:
20461:
20194:
20183:colonization
19987:The red road
19977:Medicine man
19972:Great Spirit
19831:
19773:. Routledge.
19768:
19760:
19740:
19718:
19692:
19688:
19667:
19646:
19638:
19626:
19588:
19569:
19539:
19530:
19511:
19489:
19479:
19461:
19439:
19407:
19379:
19350:
19326:
19303:
19283:
19263:
19244:
19213:
19210:Kiernan, Ben
19179:
19141:
19138:Taylor, Rebe
19134:Kiernan, Ben
19113:Bibliography
19098:. Retrieved
19092:
19082:
19057:
19053:
19047:
19037:
19030:
19018:. Retrieved
19008:
18996:. Retrieved
18991:
18965:. Retrieved
18961:
18952:
18940:. Retrieved
18920:
18915:
18899:
18894:
18878:
18873:
18864:
18845:
18838:
18830:the original
18825:
18804:the original
18799:
18758:
18733:
18721:. Retrieved
18706:
18699:
18687:
18675:
18663:
18651:
18639:
18626:
18607:
18601:
18592:
18585:. Retrieved
18578:
18568:
18548:
18541:
18529:. Retrieved
18525:
18516:
18507:
18499:
18495:
18480:
18476:
18468:
18453:
18449:
18441:
18426:
18421:
18413:
18409:
18401:
18397:
18389:
18372:
18368:
18360:
18343:
18312:
18308:
18282:. Retrieved
18268:
18256:. Retrieved
18250:
18240:
18213:
18209:
18199:
18187:. Retrieved
18173:
18148:
18144:
18138:
18105:
18101:
18095:
18076:
18070:
18046:
18036:
18017:
18011:
17987:
17945:
17939:
17930:
17910:
17906:
17900:
17888:. Retrieved
17884:
17874:
17866:
17847:
17842:
17825:
17821:
17811:
17799:. Retrieved
17784:
17777:
17765:. Retrieved
17750:
17743:
17698:
17694:
17684:
17670:
17658:. Retrieved
17654:
17644:
17607:
17604:PLOS Biology
17603:
17578:. Retrieved
17560:
17553:
17528:
17524:
17477:(11): e185.
17474:
17470:
17436:
17429:
17419:
17412:
17377:
17367:
17355:. Retrieved
17351:the original
17341:
17321:
17314:
17303:
17294:
17288:
17276:. Retrieved
17272:
17263:
17252:
17239:
17232:
17214:
17207:
17194:
17172:
17165:
17156:
17133:
17126:
17118:the original
17034:
17027:
17016:
16991:
16979:. Retrieved
16974:
16965:
16954:
16944:
16937:
16925:. Retrieved
16913:
16904:
16893:the original
16888:
16884:
16871:
16853:
16846:
16836:
16830:
16818:. Retrieved
16814:
16805:
16795:
16788:
16771:
16767:
16745:
16741:
16731:
16713:
16706:
16697:
16673:
16666:
16653:
16646:
16629:
16625:
16619:
16608:the original
16603:
16599:
16586:
16572:
16559:
16552:
16539:
16532:
16519:
16512:
16499:
16492:
16479:
16472:
16459:
16452:
16434:
16427:
16414:
16407:
16374:
16371:Ethnohistory
16370:
16364:
16354:
16331:
16324:
16311:
16304:
16291:
16284:
16274:
16267:
16257:
16250:
16241:
16235:
16222:
16215:
16201:
16183:
16176:
16163:
16156:
16143:
16136:
16126:
16119:
16106:
16099:
16081:
16074:
16061:
16054:
16027:
16020:
16000:
15993:
15983:
15948:
15944:
15914:
15910:
15900:
15883:
15877:
15869:
15834:
15808:
15804:
15794:
15786:
15778:
15770:
15762:
15754:
15749:
15715:
15707:
15697:
15688:
15679:
15674:, p. 83
15667:
15647:
15623:
15609:
15597:. Retrieved
15587:
15567:
15560:
15540:
15533:
15513:
15506:
15486:
15479:
15459:
15452:
15432:
15402:
15395:
15386:
15380:
15360:
15353:
15312:
15308:
15302:
15267:
15263:
15253:
15243:
15216:
15204:. Retrieved
15194:
15182:. Retrieved
15179:Live Science
15178:
15168:
15156:. Retrieved
15152:
15142:
15099:
15095:
15085:
15073:
15022:
15018:
15007:
14990:
14986:
14980:
14956:
14936:
14929:
14909:
14902:
14893:
14873:
14869:
14865:
14859:
14834:
14830:
14824:
14805:
14799:
14790:
14776:
14745:
14735:
14711:(1): 52–76.
14708:
14704:
14679:. Retrieved
14676:The Atlantic
14675:
14665:
14645:
14635:
14623:. Retrieved
14608:
14601:
14576:
14567:
14558:
14549:
14540:
14531:
14517:
14504:
14495:
14486:
14473:
14459:
14450:
14441:
14432:
14418:
14225:Gavin Newsom
14214:
14195:
14191:
14179:
14053:Bandeirantes
14030:
14011:
13991:Exploitation
13976:
13953:
13942:
13910:
13906:
13902:
13848:Santee Sioux
13844:Sioux Agency
13820:
13809:
13805:
13799:
13771:
13756:
13742:
13738:
13714:
13682:
13674:
13669:Sitting Bull
13658:
13649:
13627:
13614:Jason Hickel
13598:
13586:
13578:yellow fever
13570:tuberculosis
13546:
13509:
13450:Mesoamerican
13416:
13387:
13285:20 warriors
13199:H. E. Bolton
13108:James Mooney
13086:Great Basin
12936:40 warriors
12906:40 warriors
12880:James Mooney
12788:40 warriors
12674:50 warriors
12609:50 warriors
12423:James Mooney
12391:James Mooney
12331:James Mooney
12115:James Mooney
12052:James Mooney
12033:New England
11968:F. W. Hodge
11937:James Mooney
11923:(Cathlamet)
11815:James Mooney
11430:Shasta Costa
11345:Myron Eells
11314:James Mooney
11284:James Mooney
11252:James Mooney
11141:New England
11129:James Mooney
11077:New England
11048:Apalachicola
11013:New England
11001:James Mooney
10969:James Mooney
10937:James Mooney
10872:James Mooney
10824:Yellowknives
10681:James Mooney
10527:James Mooney
10445:New England
10432:James Mooney
10400:James Mooney
10368:James Mooney
10308:James Mooney
10279:James Mooney
10123:H. E. Bolton
10061:James Mooney
10026:James Mooney
9968:James Mooney
9931:James Mooney
9900:James Mooney
9869:James Mooney
9828:James Mooney
9756:James Mooney
9724:James Mooney
9693:James Mooney
9656:James Mooney
9585:Florida Keys
9458:H. E. Bolton
9362:James Mooney
9331:James Mooney
9271:James Mooney
9240:James Mooney
9208:James Mooney
9173:Myron Eells
9049:James Mooney
8987:James Mooney
8926:Great Basin
8917:James Mooney
8885:James Mooney
8870:and Sugeree
8800:New England
8692:James Mooney
8625:James Mooney
8575:New England
8563:James Mooney
8531:James Mooney
8467:George Gibbs
8463:Verne F. Ray
8431:James Mooney
8370:James Mooney
8334:James Mooney
8320:(Squawmish)
8299:James Mooney
8236:James Mooney
8203:James Mooney
8174:James Mooney
8107:James Mooney
8062:Etheneldeli
7998:Saskatchewan
7735:New England
7723:James Mooney
7653:James Mooney
7621:James Mooney
7607:Yukon Inuit
7557:John Maclean
7538:(Tsuutʼina)
7428:New England
7235:New England
7194:James Mooney
7143:New England
7100:James Mooney
7061:Th. Hutchins
7044:Wolastoqiyik
7025:James Mooney
6916:, Aquinnah)
6909:New England
6865:James Mooney
6836:James Mooney
6767:James Mooney
6736:James Mooney
6554:New England
6541:Th. Hutchins
6328:New England
6246:James Mooney
6232:(Tse'khene)
6195:Kiowa-Apache
6143:James Mooney
6075:120+ cabins
6012:James Mooney
5941:James Mooney
5754:James Mooney
5740:(Stʼatʼimc)
5670:New England
5596:A. G. Morice
5581:(Tsilkotin)
5560:James Mooney
5410:confederacy
5377:(Klickitat)
5265:New England
5252:James Mooney
5237:(Conestoga)
5215:James Mooney
5153:James Mooney
5048:James Mooney
4972:James Mooney
4956:and Luckton
4802:500+ houses
4789:Acoma Pueblo
4664:(Anicinàpe)
4612:James Mooney
4368:James Mooney
4204:Great Basin
4159:James Mooney
4072:and Diggers
4063:Great Basin
3882:N. G. Taylor
3532:James Mooney
3464:Coast Salish
3445:Arthur Dobbs
3427:Mississaugas
3395:confederacy
3233:Mishinimaki
3218:James Mooney
3202:Coahuiltecan
3066:New England
3040:confederacy
3034:New England
3004:New England
2976:Pueblo Keres
2945:confederacy
2894:Coast Salish
2813:confederacy
2775:confederacy
2544:New England
2365:James Mooney
2268:Great Basin
2235:Great Basin
2202:Great Basin
2159:James Mooney
2124:James Mooney
2089:James Mooney
2054:James Mooney
2016:James Mooney
1994:Saskatchewan
1977:Wickaninnish
1964:(Clayoquat)
1889:Jemez Pueblo
1859:Massachusett
1855:New England
1830:confederacy
1795:Narragansett
1791:New England
1464:L. Krzywicki
812:Great Basin
803:Jean de Quen
662:
460:1.213–2.639
290:Mesoamerica
262:David Henige
256:. Historian
247:
186:
169:Aztec Empire
166:
162:
140:
71:The monarchs
69:
64:colonization
57:
44:Black Kettle
27:
20:
15:
25578:(2023–2024)
25546:(2020–2021)
25493:(1999–2015)
25485:(1997–2022)
25477:(1994–2015)
25467:(2011–2017)
25459:(2008–2016)
25451:(2002–2006)
25443:(1993–2017)
25435:(1993–2007)
25427:(1946–1948)
25411:(1946–1948)
25401:Budak trial
25372:Finta trial
25358:(1965–1966)
25350:(1964–1970)
25342:(1963–1989)
25334:(1963–1965)
25318:(1961–1962)
25294:(1946–1949)
25286:(1946–1948)
25278:(1946–1948)
25270:(1946–1953)
25262:(1946–1947)
25246:(1945–1946)
25244:Minsk trial
25238:(1945–1946)
25230:(1945–1949)
25222:(1945–1948)
25214:(1945–1947)
25206:(1945–2001)
25198:(1944–1989)
25190:(1944–1951)
25160:(1943–2022)
25066:Definitions
24716:(2014–2017)
24708:(2014–2017)
24700:(2011–2023)
24675:(2002–2003)
24644:(1996–1997)
24619:(1992–1995)
24611:(1991–2003)
24595:(1987–2002)
24587:(1987–1989)
24579:(1986–1989)
24563:(1983–1987)
24561:Gukurahundi
24555:(1983–2009)
24539:(1977–1997)
24531:(1975–1979)
24523:(1974–1999)
24486:(1970–2003)
24484:Feyli Kurds
24478:(1966–1970)
24454:(1962–1996)
24446:(1956–1989)
24407:(1944–1948)
24399:(1944–1948)
24391:(1943–1945)
24383:(1942–1945)
24367:(1941–1945)
24359:(1941–1945)
24351:(1941–1945)
24343:(1941–1945)
24335:(1940–1942)
24327:(1939–1945)
24319:(1937–1938)
24303:(1937–1938)
24279:(1932–1933)
24263:(1930–1933)
24255:(1929–1932)
24247:(1926–1973)
24215:(1919–1933)
24207:(1918–1931)
24199:(1916–1917)
24189:(1916–1934)
24173:(1915–1917)
24165:(1915–1919)
24140:(1913–1922)
24100:(1912–1913)
24085:(1905–1907)
24077:(1904–1907)
24069:(1894–1896)
24053:(1888–1893)
24045:(1879–1913)
24035:Circassians
24029:(1850–1864)
23995:(1846–1873)
23987:(1830–1850)
23979:(1830–1847)
23946:(1869–1977)
23938:(1825–1832)
23923:(1785–2017)
23889:(1874–1996)
23866:(1648–1657)
23858:(1640–1649)
23850:(1636–1638)
23818:(1548–1872)
23794:(1492–1514)
23763:(1402–1496)
23755:(1393–1394)
23739:(1209–1229)
23723:(1069–1070)
23659:Before 1490
23582:Middle Ages
23339:Exploration
23264:Mesoamerica
23158:Thunderbird
23026:Black drink
22990:Peñon woman
22927:Winterville
22907:Velda Mound
22887:Taos Pueblo
22782:Parkin Park
22767:Orwell site
22752:Nodena site
22647:Holly Bluff
22622:Four Mounds
22612:Fort Center
22537:Casa Grande
22487:Anzick site
22379:Monongahela
22306:Fort Walton
22281:Coles Creek
22246:Belle Glade
22231:Anishinaabe
21945:Túpac Amaru
21929:Manco Cápac
21878:Moctezuma I
21789:Agriculture
21784:Agriculture
21779:Agriculture
21770:Agriculture
21713:Road System
21602:Mathematics
21467:Muysc Cubun
21321:San Agustín
21271:Monte Verde
20948:Teotihuacan
20840:Mesoamerica
20735:Coles Creek
20720:Anishinaabe
20677:Archaeology
20600:Mesoamerica
20553:Great Basin
20392:Ethnobotany
20249:El Salvador
20151:Visual arts
20020:Cosmovision
20006:Mesoamerica
19967:Fifth World
19933:Mythologies
19898:Archaeology
19876:Pre-history
19346:Jones, Adam
19020:21 February
18151:(4): 1428.
17885:JSTOR Daily
17848:Born To Die
17828:(4): 1–32.
17610:(6): e193.
17580:21 November
17224:10088/23978
16945:The Shuswap
16863:10088/15440
16723:10088/23978
16444:10088/15440
16193:10088/15440
16091:10088/15440
15694:Karl Sapper
14070:Black Death
13927:Beaver Wars
13817:Vaccination
13772:During the
13753:Isaac McCoy
13722:Franciscans
13705:Mark Maslin
13623:Black Death
13327:California
13170:Joseph Lane
13036:J. Lalemant
12837:Ahwajiaway
12691:Squannaroo
12270:Joseph Lane
11300:Adshusheer
10790:(Opelousa)
10760:Skaquamish
10635:Kaskinampo
9193:(Tsattine)
8459:45+ houses
7953:Wilson Duff
7517:Joseph Lane
7046:(Maliseet)
6622:(Maricopa)
6585:Halchidhoma
5954:Nunatsiavut
5900:(Loucheux)
5616:Chopunnish
5510:Halyikwamai
5301:Nlaka'pamux
5235:Susquehanna
5184:Z. M. Pike
4259:Th. Nuttall
4107:Piro Pueblo
4091:Jim Bridger
3982:(including
3581:Lushootseed
3493:Wilson Duff
3264:Taos Pueblo
3072:(mainland)
2681:(Delaware)
2484:Zuni Pueblo
2178:Plains Cree
2145:in Ontario
2110:in Ontario
2108:Swampy Cree
2075:in Alberta
1811:S. G. Drake
1590:Assiniboine
1551:in the USA
1549:Assiniboine
1482:in the USA
1376:in the USA
1223:J. Lalemant
921:in the USA
268:Estimations
250:ideological
237:– 851,560,
173:Inca Empire
46:'s band of
40:7th Cavalry
25605:Categories
25252:Riga trial
25103:Prevention
25048:Indigenous
24963:Incitement
24831:Gendercide
24792:Classicide
24785:Politicide
24746:Gaza Strip
24521:East Timor
24492:Bangladesh
24452:Guatemalan
24373:Sook Ching
24269:La Matanza
23993:California
23705:Bar Kokhba
23508:Chronology
23488:Conflicts
23484:Population
23312:Settlement
23103:Metallurgy
23063:Eden point
22960:Buhl Woman
22832:Rock Eagle
22822:River Styx
22747:Mummy Cave
22742:Moundville
22722:Mesa Verde
22707:Marksville
22454:Tchefuncte
22414:Plaquemine
22350:Las Palmas
22266:Calf Creek
22261:Cades Pond
21916:Tisquesusa
21890:Cuauhtémoc
21886:Cuitláhuac
21216:Lauricocha
21186:Gran Chaco
21176:Cupisnique
21161:Chinchorro
21136:Chachapoya
21126:Caral–Supe
20968:Tlaxcaltec
20958:Teuchitlán
20873:Chupícuaro
20800:Plum Bayou
20795:Plaquemine
20765:Marksville
20730:Chichimeca
20548:California
20434:Philosophy
20239:Costa Rica
20213:by country
20044:Variations
20035:World tree
19992:Totem pole
19962:Arborglyph
19745:. Anchor.
19570:Commentary
18998:9 December
18967:9 December
18942:9 December
18881:I and II;
18692:Jones 2023
18680:Braun 2023
18632:flower war
18531:9 December
18284:1 February
18189:31 January
18108:(1): 100.
17964:1044542033
17660:10 January
17297:(58): 134.
16914:HathiTrust
16774:(4): 163.
15951:(4): 720.
15738:Costa Rica
15599:2 February
15245:L'Histoire
14588:References
14205:See also:
14132:Pequot War
14091:See also:
14014:encomienda
13956:Adam Jones
13875:Arauco War
13784:, Colonel
13767:Four Bears
13726:Dominicans
13718:encomienda
13650:Historian
13516:encomienda
13488:See also:
13403:See also:
13093:Chemehuevi
13073:Franz Boas
13032:15 houses
12909:R. Evelin
12865:Kwalhioqua
12818:10 houses
12792:John Smith
12758:23 houses
12510:, Caparaz
12377:Charcowah
11801:Strongbow
11754:John Smith
11739:Moyawance
11660:John Smith
11610:(Tsesaut)
11589:John Smith
11573:Wicocomoco
11521:John Smith
11487:John Smith
11017:Quinnipiac
10979:Southwest
10836:70+ tents
10606:(Koasati)
10575:Snoqualmie
10488:24 houses
10449:Paugussett
10416:Sissipahaw
10190:Southwest
10168:Dulchioni
10154:J. Sibley
9951:Pascagoula
9850:(Guacata)
9442:(Akokisa)
9420:70 houses
9378:Machapunga
9316:Occaneechi
8972:Quinipissa
8823:E. Stiles
8772:Hankutchin
8678:(Atakapa)
8611:and Stono
8548:Tlatskanai
8517:(Guatari)
8285:(Wanapam)
8263:42 lodges
8221:and Cusso
8183:Southwest
8123:Chakchiuma
7918:James Teit
7839:(Walapai)
7830:Southwest
7504:1835–1850
7480:J. G. Shea
7272:Inuvialuit
7203:Southwest
7003:Southwest
6874:Southwest
6845:Southwest
6776:Southwest
6613:Southwest
6605:J. Cortez
6578:Southwest
6506:James Teit
6456:(Spokane)
6424:Wallawalla
6300:(Alibamu)
6152:Southwest
6063:Acolapissa
5703:Chitimacha
5644:Honniasont
5602:employees
5503:Southwest
5341:(Carrier)
5316:James Teit
5177:1805–1807
5108:1775–1855
5089:Southwest
5066:(Ktunaxa)
4855:(Arkansa)
4782:Southwest
4724:Potawatomi
4621:Southwest
4604:(includes
4435:James Teit
4421:(Shuswap)
4350:Tionontati
4267:H. Bouquet
4100:Southwest
3990:James Teit
3821:Southwest
3789:Southwest
3725:Southwest
3633:Southwest
3257:Southwest
3195:Southwest
3119:H. Bouquet
2969:Southwest
2829:John Smith
2795:John Smith
2687:1635–1648
2639:Southwest
2509:Southwest
2477:Southwest
2326:Tuskaloosa
2286:1846–1854
2279:New Mexico
2277:living in
2244:living in
2211:living in
2143:Moose Cree
2037:living in
2000:Woods Cree
1882:Southwest
1685:Southwest
1592:in Canada
1518:in Canada
1412:in Canada
1276:including
1267:Southwest
1204:(Wyandot)
1090:Southwest
1081:Henry Knox
1018:Southwest
957:in Canada
879:Southwest
565:46.5–53.5
440:0.44–0.55
437:10.8–13.5
431:9.8–12.25
396:Rosenblat
293:Caribbean
227:New France
25041:Cambodian
25034:Holodomor
24926:Massacres
24810:Ethnocide
24799:Eliticide
24529:Cambodian
24277:Holodomor
24171:Armenians
24163:Assyrians
23936:Black War
23824:Huguenots
23707:(132–136)
23690:(50s BCE)
23674:(146 BCE)
23642:Genocides
23557:By region
23552:By period
23453:Epidemics
23443:Geography
23385:Societies
23274:Caribbean
23148:Stickball
22837:Rock Hawk
22667:Key Marco
22459:Troyville
22439:St. Johns
22424:Red Ocher
22183:Formative
21937:Atahualpa
21933:Pachacuti
21908:Nemequene
21774:Chinampas
21596:Astronomy
21585:Astronomy
21565:Mythology
21560:Mythology
21555:Mythology
21550:Mythology
21546:Mythology
21376:Wankarani
21366:Tuncahuán
21256:Marajoara
21211:Las Vegas
21097:Atacameño
20993:Xochipala
20933:Purépecha
20893:Epi-Olmec
20883:Cuicuilco
20825:Troyville
20815:St. Johns
20585:Caribbean
20580:Southwest
20533:Subarctic
20429:Movements
20424:Languages
20372:Venezuela
20317:Argentina
20279:Nicaragua
20259:Guatemala
20254:Greenland
19946:Religions
19722:. Knopf.
19383:. Knopf.
19074:159489841
18429:, p. 116.
18258:23 August
18216:: 13–36.
18130:159338399
18122:0749-6427
17919:0314-8769
17404:197573059
15965:0002-7316
15730:Guatemala
15726:Nicaragua
15158:11 August
15134:133664669
15126:0277-3791
15102:: 13–36.
15047:1476-4687
14890:0008-4107
14851:1937-5239
14727:0021-8723
14625:7 October
14593:Citations
14158:massacred
14139:Argentina
14081:Massacres
14057:São Paulo
13933:Genocides
13806:St. Peter
13778:Fort Pitt
13599:Further,
13582:pertussis
13532:Dominican
13470:Greenland
13289:Bienville
13273:Pensacola
13123:, Canada
13077:J. Mooney
13051:, Canada
13018:, Canada
12986:, Canada
12762:Bienville
12628:, Canada
12442:Semiahmoo
12438:, Canada
12406:, Canada
12312:, Canada
12239:R. Mayne
12223:, Canada
12193:, Canada
12161:, Canada
11952:, Canada
11921:Kathlamet
11862:Topinish
11847:Bienville
11798:, Canada
11705:, Canada
11604:, Canada
11540:Atikamekw
11536:, Canada
10986:Sobaipuri
10820:, Canada
10788:Appalousa
10696:, Canada
10650:Bienville
10604:Coushatta
10559:J. Mooney
10513:of Yukon
10507:, Canada
10477:Smacksop
10076:Wahowpum
10042:, Canada
9953:/Moctobi
9604:, Canada
9507:, Canada
9408:Quinaielt
9223:, Canada
9187:, Canada
9064:, Canada
8968:Mugulasha
8964:Bayogoula
8768:, Canada
8754:G. Hines
8646:(Tlicho)
8640:, Canada
8353:, Canada
8314:, Canada
8139:Bienville
8059:, Canada
8000:, Canada
7968:, Canada
7933:, Canada
7897:, Canada
7797:, Canada
7699:, Canada
7604:, Canada
7573:Tillamook
7532:, Canada
7432:Penobscot
7360:Mosopelea
7331:Snohomish
7268:, Canada
7178:Clackamas
7116:Skitswish
7077:, Canada
7040:, Canada
7010:Karankawa
6716:, Canada
6685:Multnomah
6525:Nipissing
6521:, Canada
6485:, Canada
6426:(Walula)
6332:Nantucket
6262:, Canada
6226:, Canada
6159:Havasupai
6123:, Canada
5997:Nisqually
5977:J. Mooney
5960:, Canada
5838:Sahaptin
5809:(Yeopim)
5807:Weapemeoc
5734:, Canada
5579:Chilcotin
5575:, Canada
5540:, Canada
5392:Paul Kane
5359:J. Mooney
5335:, Canada
5297:, Canada
5129:, Canada
4996:Winnebago
4662:Algonquin
4658:, Canada
4630:(Papago)
4588:Tsimshian
4584:, Canada
4419:Secwepemc
4415:, Canada
4385:Chipewyan
4346:, Canada
4316:Nez Perce
4263:Iberville
4174:, Canada
4005:, Canada
3798:(Mojave)
3764:Menominee
3699:, Canada
3655:S. Mowry
3583:) tribes
3551:Lekwiltok
3547:, Canada
3512:, Canada
3497:J. Mooney
3460:, Canada
3423:, Canada
3393:Wappinger
3359:, Canada
3323:, Canada
3266:(Yuraba)
3164:, Canada
3104:Missouria
3070:Wampanoag
3038:Pennacook
2875:, Canada
2811:Nanticoke
2448:, Canada
2417:Chickasaw
2385:Mascouten
2310:(Mobile)
2174:, Canada
2139:, Canada
2104:, Canada
2069:, Canada
2031:, Canada
1996:, Canada
1962:Clayoquot
1958:, Canada
1779:D. Cusick
1763:Tuscarora
1660:Apalachee
1627:, Canada
1586:, Canada
1512:, Canada
1406:, Canada
1198:, Canada
955:Blackfoot
951:, Canada
919:Blackfoot
734:A. Ramsey
695:villages
570:Thornton
454:Ubelaker
301:Amazonia
95:influenza
25006:Armenian
24873:Domicide
24852:Policide
24824:Eugenics
24769:Democide
24738:Rohingya
24389:Volhynia
24213:Cossacks
24059:Selk'nam
23921:Chechens
23913:Dzungars
23840:Lameyans
23832:Kalinago
23802:(1500s–)
23761:Guanches
23696:Eburones
23682:(88 BCE)
23634:Genocide
23294:Genetics
23036:Chanunpa
23021:Ballgame
23000:Vero man
22950:Anzick-1
22922:Windover
22882:SunWatch
22812:Rassawek
22632:Glenwood
22522:Brewster
22374:Mogollon
22345:La Jolla
22331:Hopewell
22291:Deptford
22204:cultures
22033:See also
21951:Conquest
21924:Zoratama
21591:Calendar
21580:Calendar
21575:Calendar
21571:Calendar
21540:Religion
21535:Religion
21524:Religion
21513:Religion
21509:Religion
21498:Numerals
21492:Numerals
21453:Language
21433:Multiple
21371:Valdivia
21356:Tiwanaku
21316:Saladoid
21311:Quimbaya
21201:Kuhikugu
21181:Diaguita
21171:Chorrera
20988:Veraguas
20983:Veracruz
20963:Tlatilco
20775:Mogollon
20682:Cultures
20660:Americas
20463:Category
20419:Identity
20402:Iroquois
20397:Cherokee
20362:Suriname
20352:Paraguay
20337:Colombia
20264:Honduras
20244:Dominica
20181:European
20156:Painting
20118:Colombia
20030:Religion
20025:Creation
19903:Genetics
19460:(2016).
19348:(2023).
19324:(1993).
19140:(eds.).
18756:(2016).
18594:degrees.
18336:Archived
18044:(1993).
17985:(2016).
17927:45135468
17913:: 1–15.
17890:27 April
17727:29668018
17636:15898833
17545:17449208
17503:18039031
16780:40487861
16748:(2): 86.
16638:40487861
16399:11614449
15892:40643888
15734:Salvador
15722:Honduras
15337:17754613
15294:10873790
15065:33361817
14970:Archived
14743:(1993).
14681:12 April
14643:(1993).
14235:See also
14045:viceroys
14026:New Laws
13977:en route
13610:Antilles
13592:scholar
13590:Coquille
13426:genotype
13339:340,000
12924:Chawasha
12895:Juntata
12807:Copalis
12663:Naniaba
12570:Umatilla
12285:Amahami
12254:Chehalis
12165:Kwantlen
12100:Chimakum
12009:Luckton
11982:Skaddal
11769:Quaitso
11709:Musqueam
11608:Tsetsaut
11467:Patuxent
11397:Cahinnio
11207:Hatteras
11081:Manisses
10954:Keyauwee
10922:(Pedee)
10732:Quileute
10700:Abittibi
10666:Meherrin
10385:Congaree
10294:Cushook
10274:Opelousa
10260:Okelousa
10228:Quinault
9983:Moratoc
9885:Tocobaga
9542:Waccamaw
9511:Tutchone
9440:Arkokisa
8902:Manahoac
8676:Attacapa
8594:Wendell
8483:Coquille
8417:Shahala
8318:Squamish
7972:Quatsino
7837:Hualapai
7801:Awokanak
7497:Kalispel
7081:Heiltsuk
6948:Kickapoo
6819:Kalapuya
6803:de Oñate
6620:Piipaash
6491:(Syilx)
6489:Okinagan
6362:Nottoway
6093:Colville
6028:Chowanoc
5958:Labrador
5738:Lillooet
5375:Klikitat
5269:Pocumtuk
5201:(Palus)
5034:tribes)
4992:Ho-Chunk
4759:Meskwaki
4743:McKenney
4352:(Petun)
3984:Wenatchi
3937:Tawakoni
3861:Seminole
3670:Cheyenne
3466:(except
3432:12,000+
3327:Kwakiutl
3170:(Odawa)
2948:15,000+
2846:Arikaras
2773:Powhatan
2452:Neutrals
2246:Colorado
2172:Prairies
2039:Manitoba
2029:Manitoba
1937:missions
1746:J. Adair
1729:Cherokee
1701:30,000+
1584:Prairies
1258:J. Morse
1239:Comanche
1060:Hitchiti
1056:Muscogee
988:Iroquois
949:Prairies
890:78,100+
819:Shoshone
791:100,000
787:Illinois
754:125,000
483:Denevan
446:9–11.25
443:30–37.5
434:30–37.5
367:Steward
338:Kroeber
333:37–48.5
115:genocide
103:smallpox
87:European
48:Cheyenne
42:against
25570:(2023–)
25562:(2022–)
25554:(2022–)
25538:(2019–)
25530:(2012–)
25522:(2005–)
25027:Rwandan
25020:Bosnian
25013:Serbian
24940:Pogroms
24883:Methods
24748:(2023–)
24740:(2017–)
24732:(2014–)
24724:(2014–)
24714:Yazidis
24683:(2003–)
24634:Rwandan
24617:Bosnian
24609:Ahwaris
24603:(1990–)
24571:(1985–)
24499:Burundi
24261:Kazakhs
24051:Hazaras
24037:(1860s)
24027:Manchus
24019:Moriori
24011:Charrúa
23915:(1750s)
23879:Beothuk
23848:Pequots
23810:(1500–)
23753:Assyria
23737:Cathars
23458:Slavery
23438:Culture
23426:Related
23251:History
23185:Related
23043:Chunkey
22943:remains
22932:Wupatki
22772:Paquime
22662:Huápoca
22527:Cahokia
22497:Bastian
22404:Patayan
22326:Hohokam
22311:Fremont
22286:Comondú
22241:Baytown
22236:Avonlea
22216:Alachua
22188:Classic
22178:Archaic
22166:Periods
21920:Tundama
21849:Peoples
21834:History
21829:History
21824:History
21820:History
21814:Cuisine
21809:Cuisine
21804:Cuisine
21799:Cuisine
21795:Cuisine
21653:Warfare
21648:Warfare
21643:Warfare
21639:Warfare
21633:Society
21628:Economy
21617:Society
21612:Society
21608:Society
21478:Writing
21472:Quechua
21457:Nahuatl
21424:Capital
21361:Toyopán
21341:Tairona
21251:Mapuche
21166:Chiripa
21141:Chancay
21112:Cañaris
21087:Amotape
21082:El Abra
20998:Zapotec
20978:Totonac
20953:Tepanec
20938:Quelepa
20908:Mezcala
20898:Huastec
20868:Cholula
20858:Capacha
20853:Acolhua
20810:Sinagua
20785:Patayan
20755:Hohokam
20745:Fremont
20543:Plateau
20439:Studies
20367:Uruguay
20342:Ecuador
20322:Bolivia
20269:Jamaica
20168:Writers
20163:Artists
20123:Ecuador
20105:Culture
20086:Mapuche
19832:History
19709:3491697
19579:at the
19100:20 June
18992:The Day
18723:11 July
18587:19 July
18526:usa.gov
18218:Bibcode
18165:2080617
17801:10 July
17767:10 July
17735:4951783
17718:5913727
17627:1131883
17494:2082466
16927:11 July
15345:8512954
15317:Bibcode
15309:Science
15285:1287189
15104:Bibcode
15056:7864882
15027:Bibcode
14510:Arikara
14047:of the
13780:in the
13701:slavery
13603:of the
13566:malaria
13562:cholera
13554:measles
13528:slavery
13524:serfdom
13372:93,800
13369:tribes
13363:Alaska
13336:tribes
13304:Choula
13185:Cujane
13016:Ontario
12990:Nanoose
12747:Nacisi
12540:Ozinies
12504:Amacano
12347:Clatsop
12310:Nunavut
12131:Squaxon
12037:Wangunk
11890:Nooksak
11675:Sutaio
11644:Tocwogh
11269:Shakori
11114:Latgawa
11110:Takelma
10694:Ontario
10324:Aranama
10108:Deadose
10104:Yojuane
10046:Sechelt
9916:Yustaga
9848:Mayaimi
9808:Tekesta
9777:1,000+
9673:Neusiok
9640:Pamlico
9613:1,000+
9473:Kuitsh
9256:Monacan
9185:Alberta
9002:Tohome
8808:1,500+
8515:Wateree
8447:Sanpoil
8283:Wanapum
8092:Klallam
8035:2,000+
7906:2,000+
7707:Tahltan
7673:2,000+
7638:Skinpah
7530:Alberta
7400:Cowlitz
7210:Yavapai
7147:Mohegan
6979:Watlala
6821:tribes
6783:Cocopah
6519:Ontario
6392:Tonkawa
6298:Alabama
6266:Beothuk
6032:3,500+
5981:Kroeber
5898:Kutchin
5894:Canada
5778:Klamath
5758:J. Teit
5674:Niantic
5648:4,000+
5444:5,000+
5408:Hasinai
5199:Palouse
5137:Naskapi
5096:Quechan
5064:Kutenai
5032:Tututni
4954:Yaquina
4950:Siuslaw
4914:Montauk
4592:Nisga'a
4528:7,000+
4490:Yamasee
4381:Canada
4344:Ontario
4145:tribes
4070:Bannock
4013:10,000
3974:10,000
3941:10,000
3903:10,000
3865:10,000
3832:10,000
3828:Jumanos
3801:10,000
3768:10,000
3736:10,000
3707:10,000
3703:Chilkat
3674:10,000
3645:10,000
3642:(Pima)
3615:10,000
3611:Catawba
3586:10,300
3555:10,520
3521:12,000
3473:12,000
3421:Ontario
3398:13,500
3368:14,000
3335:14,500
3299:14,500
3269:15,000
3236:15,000
3207:15,000
3204:tribes
3162:Ontario
3140:15,000
3136:Hidatsa
3108:15,000
3075:15,000
3043:15,000
3012:15,000
3008:Abenaki
2980:15,000
2943:Wichita
2918:15,250
2914:Arapaho
2884:15,500
2881:Salish
2850:16,000
2816:16,500
2778:16,600
2747:16,800
2684:18,400
2650:20,000
2618:20,000
2614:Natchez
2585:20,000
2552:20,000
2548:Pequots
2520:20,000
2488:20,000
2456:20,000
2446:Ontario
2421:20,000
2389:20,000
2353:22,000
2350:tribes
2348:Chinook
2313:25,000
2217:13,050
2137:Ontario
2102:Ontario
2067:Alberta
1967:30,000
1926:30,000
1923:tribes
1921:Timucua
1893:30,000
1863:30,000
1833:30,000
1828:Mohican
1799:30,000
1767:30,000
1733:30,000
1664:34,000
1635:35,000
1631:Mi'kmaq
1595:17,500
1554:17,500
1521:18,000
1510:Ontario
1485:18,000
1447:38,000
1415:10,000
1404:Alberta
1379:30,000
1347:40,000
1314:40,000
1282:40,000
1243:40,000
1207:40,000
1196:Ontario
1172:45,000
1129:Shawnee
1101:50,000
1064:50,000
1029:60,000
992:70,000
859:20,000
823:60,000
750:Choctaw
681:Region
628:Milner
541:Alchon
507:53.904
501:15.696
492:17.174
425:Dobyns
309:Sapper
287:Mexico
278:Author
184:study.
91:African
73:of the
38:by the
25586:(2024)
25419:(1946)
25403:(1945)
25374:(1994)
25366:(1986)
25326:(1961)
25310:(1958)
25302:(1949)
25254:(1946)
25182:(1943)
25174:(1943)
25058:Issues
24981:Denial
24681:Darfur
24636:(1994)
24601:Amhara
24547:(1982)
24494:(1971)
24476:Biafra
24470:(1966)
24462:(1964)
24438:(1948)
24375:(1942)
24311:(1937)
24287:(1933)
24271:(1932)
24239:(1924)
24231:(1923)
24197:Kyrgyz
24181:(1915)
24157:(1913)
24138:Greeks
24021:(1835)
24013:(1831)
24003:(1864)
23964:(1821)
23956:(1816)
23907:(1749)
23899:(1740)
23842:(1636)
23834:(1626)
23826:(1572)
23747:(1311)
23715:(800s)
23592:Future
23412:Muisca
22602:Folsom
22567:Cutler
22502:Benson
22389:Oneota
22321:Glades
22296:Folsom
22276:Clovis
22173:Lithic
21863:Muisca
21858:Mayans
21853:Aztecs
21487:Script
21482:Script
21442:Bacatá
21413:Muisca
21296:Pucará
21291:Piaroa
21286:Paiján
21281:Omagua
21236:Lupaca
21231:Lokono
21196:Kalina
21191:Huetar
21151:Chavín
21146:Chango
21121:Nariño
21117:Capulí
21107:Calima
21102:Aymara
21092:Arawak
20973:Toltec
20923:Olmecs
20918:Nicoya
20913:Mixtec
20888:Diquis
20790:Picosa
20780:Oshara
20750:Glades
20740:Dorset
20590:Mexico
20558:Plains
20528:Arctic
20470:Portal
20407:Navajo
20347:Guyana
20327:Brazil
20284:Panama
20274:Mexico
20234:Canada
20229:Belize
20091:Muisca
20013:Common
19824:(2015)
19749:
19726:
19707:
19676:
19653:
19547:
19519:
19498:
19468:
19446:
19427:
19387:
19366:
19334:
19310:
19291:
19270:
19251:
19232:
19194:
19160:
19072:
18906:
18885:
18852:
18770:
18714:
18614:
18556:
18487:
18163:
18128:
18120:
18083:
18058:
18024:
17999:
17962:
17952:
17925:
17917:
17792:
17758:
17733:
17725:
17715:
17634:
17624:
17571:
17543:
17501:
17491:
17402:
17392:
17329:
16778:
16636:
16397:
16391:481512
16389:
16008:
15963:
15890:
15773:, Nova
15742:Panama
15740:et le
15732:et le
15724:et le
15655:
15575:
15548:
15521:
15494:
15467:
15440:
15410:
15368:
15343:
15335:
15292:
15282:
15206:1 June
15184:1 June
15132:
15124:
15063:
15053:
15045:
15019:Nature
14944:
14917:
14888:
14849:
14812:
14783:
14753:
14725:
14653:
14616:
14479:Oraibi
14103:, and
14061:slaves
14041:feudal
13881:, and
13846:. The
13821:After
13790:Lenape
13667:Chief
13618:Arawak
13580:, and
13550:typhus
13542:Taínos
13496:, and
13466:Arctic
13454:Andean
13446:Alaska
13244:Noquet
13075:&
12956:Winyaw
12719:Molala
12632:Nahani
12598:Washa
12473:Tawasa
12068:Avoyel
11534:Quebec
11360:Chetco
11177:Chiaha
11145:Tunxis
10920:Peedee
10889:Woccon
10856:Etiwaw
10543:Methow
10511:Nahani
10232:1,000
10201:1,000
10171:1,000
10143:1,000
10139:Mayeye
10112:1,000
10079:1,000
10050:1,000
10015:1,000
10011:Edisto
9986:1,000
9956:1,000
9947:Biloxi
9920:1,000
9889:1,000
9867:&
9853:1,000
9846:&
9826:&
9812:1,000
9806:&
9744:1,000
9740:Santee
9713:1,000
9681:1,000
9675:&
9645:1,000
9575:1,040
9546:1,050
9515:1,100
9476:1,200
9445:1,200
9412:1,200
9382:1,200
9351:1,200
9347:Cheraw
9320:1,200
9291:1,200
9287:Tutelo
9260:1,200
9229:1,250
9196:1,250
9191:Beaver
9163:1,300
9132:1,500
9128:Chatot
9100:1,500
9096:Taensa
9070:1,500
9038:1,500
9033:Siletz
9005:1,500
8976:1,500
8937:1,500
8906:1,500
8873:1,500
8868:Waxhaw
8842:1,500
8838:Saponi
8804:Podunk
8776:1,500
8744:1,500
8712:1,500
8681:1,500
8649:1,500
8644:Dogrib
8614:1,600
8583:1,600
8552:1,600
8520:1,600
8487:1,650
8451:1,700
8420:1,700
8390:1,750
8359:1,800
8351:Quebec
8323:1,800
8288:1,800
8255:1,860
8224:1,900
8219:Cusabo
8192:2,000
8163:2,000
8127:2,000
8096:2,000
8065:2,000
8031:Samish
8006:2,000
7976:2,000
7942:2,000
7937:Nuxalk
7901:Sinixt
7871:2,000
7867:Cayuse
7842:2,000
7810:2,000
7805:Slavey
7773:2,000
7743:2,000
7739:Nauset
7712:2,000
7703:Nahani
7642:2,200
7610:2,200
7577:2,200
7541:2,200
7536:Sarcee
7501:2,250
7467:2,250
7463:Tunica
7436:2,250
7404:2,400
7373:2,450
7335:2,500
7303:2,500
7276:2,500
7243:2,500
7239:Nipmuc
7214:2,500
7182:2,500
7151:2,500
7120:2,600
7089:2,700
7085:Haisla
7049:2,750
7038:Acadia
7014:2,800
6983:2,800
6952:3,000
6919:3,000
6885:3,000
6854:3,000
6824:3,000
6787:3,000
6756:3,000
6752:Potano
6725:3,000
6689:3,000
6658:3,000
6653:Taposa
6625:3,000
6589:3,000
6560:3,000
6529:3,000
6494:3,000
6459:3,000
6454:Spokan
6429:3,000
6396:3,000
6366:3,000
6336:3,000
6303:3,000
6270:3,050
6235:3,200
6230:Sekani
6200:3,375
6164:3,500
6132:3,500
6127:Babine
6097:3,500
6067:3,500
6001:3,600
5979:&
5966:3,600
5930:3,600
5903:4,000
5871:4,000
5841:4,000
5812:4,000
5782:4,000
5776:&
5743:4,000
5707:4,000
5678:4,000
5619:4,300
5584:4,600
5549:4,800
5514:5,000
5476:Chisca
5413:5,000
5380:5,000
5344:5,000
5339:Dakelh
5318:&
5305:5,000
5273:5,000
5240:5,000
5204:5,400
5174:5,450
5141:5,500
5127:Quebec
5105:5,500
5069:5,600
5037:5,600
5001:5,800
4959:6,000
4918:6,000
4888:6,000
4884:Yakama
4858:6,000
4853:Quapaw
4826:6,000
4793:6,000
4764:6,400
4761:(Fox)
4741:&
4728:6,500
4699:6,500
4696:(Sac)
4667:6,500
4656:Quebec
4633:6,800
4596:7,000
4558:7,000
4554:Umpqua
4494:7,000
4463:7,200
4424:7,200
4389:7,500
4355:8,000
4320:8,000
4288:8,000
4285:(Kaw)
4246:8,000
4215:8,200
4211:Paiute
4183:8,400
4148:8,500
4111:9,000
4075:9,000
4044:9,000
4003:Quebec
3929:Kichai
3899:Calusa
3796:Mohave
3495:&
3363:Nootka
3331:Haisla
3168:Ottawa
2742:Atsina
2711:Mandan
2679:Lenape
2308:Mabila
2283:6,000
2250:7,000
2182:7,000
2148:5,000
2113:2,100
2078:3,050
2043:4,250
2005:5,600
1692:Navajo
1625:Acadia
1516:Ojibwe
1480:Ojibwe
1443:Pawnee
1410:Piegan
1374:Piegan
1343:Ioways
1202:Hurons
1025:Apache
693:Towns/
599:Peros
559:13–15
550:16–18
504:8.619
495:5.625
420:13.38
391:15.49
327:12–15
318:12–15
304:Total
296:Andes
101:, and
23:(book)
24761:Terms
24585:Isaaq
24577:Anfal
24325:Poles
24187:Kurds
24083:Ukame
23856:Huron
23792:Taíno
23688:Gauls
23467:Lists
23402:Aztec
23133:Piasa
22941:Human
22572:Eaker
22475:sites
22409:Plano
22211:Adena
21868:Incas
21759:Music
21754:Music
21749:Music
21745:Music
21678:Women
21673:Women
21668:Women
21664:Women
21622:Trade
21503:Quipu
21447:Cusco
21438:Hunza
21403:Aztec
21336:Taíno
21331:Sican
21326:Shuar
21276:Nazca
21266:Mollo
21261:Moche
21241:Luzia
21156:Chimú
20928:Pipil
20903:Izapa
20878:Coclé
20820:Thule
20710:Adena
20444:Trade
20332:Chile
20146:Music
20113:Andes
20061:Olmec
20051:Aztec
19705:JSTOR
19119:Books
19070:S2CID
18161:JSTOR
18126:S2CID
17923:JSTOR
17731:S2CID
17441:(PDF)
17400:S2CID
17357:9 May
17278:9 May
17244:(PDF)
17199:(PDF)
17177:(PDF)
17039:(PDF)
16981:7 May
16896:(PDF)
16881:(PDF)
16820:7 May
16776:JSTOR
16678:(PDF)
16658:(PDF)
16634:JSTOR
16611:(PDF)
16596:(PDF)
16564:(PDF)
16544:(PDF)
16524:(PDF)
16504:(PDF)
16484:(PDF)
16464:(PDF)
16419:(PDF)
16387:JSTOR
16336:(PDF)
16316:(PDF)
16296:(PDF)
16227:(PDF)
16168:(PDF)
16148:(PDF)
16111:(PDF)
16066:(PDF)
16032:(PDF)
15888:JSTOR
15341:S2CID
15130:S2CID
14410:Notes
14055:from
14037:serfs
13922:Incas
13774:siege
13574:mumps
13535:friar
13444:from
13375:1750
13342:1769
13310:1722
13280:1725
13251:1721
13222:1875
13191:1750
13162:1850
13156:Wiam
13134:1895
13127:Sumas
13100:1907
13063:1780
13027:1640
12997:1839
12963:1715
12931:1715
12901:1648
12872:1780
12843:1805
12813:1805
12783:1600
12753:1700
12726:1857
12697:1847
12669:1730
12640:1906
12604:1715
12577:1858
12547:1608
12516:1674
12508:Chine
12480:1792
12449:1843
12415:1670
12383:1780
12354:1806
12323:1670
12291:1811
12262:1850
12232:1860
12202:1839
12172:1839
12169:375+
12138:1857
12107:1780
12075:1698
12044:1600
12015:1830
11988:1847
11961:1858
11929:1780
11897:1854
11868:1839
11838:1718
11807:1780
11775:1830
11745:1600
11716:1780
11681:1829
11651:1600
11616:1835
11580:1600
11548:1647
11545:500+
11508:1600
11474:1600
11437:1750
11434:500+
11404:1687
11401:500+
11367:1800
11338:1841
11331:Twana
11306:1600
11276:1600
11243:1600
11214:1600
11185:1600
11152:1600
11121:1780
11088:1500
11055:1738
11024:1730
10993:1680
10961:1600
10928:1600
10896:1701
10864:1600
10831:1877
10828:600+
10796:1715
10766:1862
10739:1868
10707:1736
10673:1600
10641:1700
10612:1760
10582:1862
10550:1780
10519:1670
10505:Yukon
10483:1805
10456:1600
10423:1600
10392:1600
10360:1600
10357:800+
10353:Sewee
10331:1778
10328:870+
10300:1780
10267:1650
10235:1805
10204:1668
10197:Manso
10174:1712
10146:1805
10115:1745
10082:1844
10053:1780
10018:1600
9989:1600
9959:1650
9923:1650
9892:1650
9856:1650
9844:Jeaga
9815:1650
9780:1745
9773:Bidai
9747:1600
9716:1600
9684:1600
9677:Coree
9648:1600
9616:1850
9578:1570
9549:1715
9518:1910
9505:Yukon
9479:1820
9448:1746
9415:1805
9385:1600
9354:1600
9323:1600
9294:1600
9263:1600
9232:1670
9199:1670
9166:1862
9159:Lummi
9135:1674
9103:1700
9073:1871
9041:1780
9008:1700
8979:1650
8940:1800
8933:Washo
8909:1600
8876:1600
8845:1600
8811:1675
8779:1851
8766:Yukon
8747:1838
8740:Wasco
8715:1815
8684:1650
8652:1875
8617:1600
8609:Westo
8586:1690
8555:1780
8523:1600
8490:1800
8454:1780
8423:1780
8393:1699
8386:Houma
8362:1600
8326:1780
8291:1780
8258:1805
8227:1600
8195:1680
8166:1780
8159:Miluk
8130:1702
8099:1780
8068:1875
8038:1845
8009:1804
7979:1839
7945:1835
7909:1780
7874:1835
7845:1869
7813:1857
7776:1600
7769:Wenro
7746:1600
7715:1780
7676:1700
7669:Yazoo
7645:1780
7613:1670
7602:Yukon
7580:1820
7544:1832
7470:1698
7439:1702
7407:1822
7376:1700
7368:Koroa
7338:1844
7306:1500
7279:1850
7246:1500
7217:1869
7185:1780
7154:1680
7123:1806
7092:1780
7052:1764
7017:1690
6986:1805
6955:1759
6922:1642
6888:1680
6857:1680
6827:1780
6790:1775
6759:1650
6728:1670
6721:Inuit
6692:1830
6661:1699
6628:1799
6592:1799
6563:1500
6532:1764
6497:1780
6462:1848
6432:1848
6399:1814
6369:1586
6339:1660
6306:1764
6273:1500
6238:1780
6203:1818
6167:1854
6135:1780
6100:1806
6070:1600
6035:1585
6004:1780
5969:1600
5933:1780
5906:1871
5874:1650
5867:Guale
5844:1857
5815:1585
5785:1868
5774:Modoc
5746:1780
5710:1699
5681:1500
5651:1662
5622:1806
5587:1793
5552:1670
5545:Inuit
5517:1605
5484:1550
5472:Yuchi
5447:1805
5440:Makah
5416:1716
5383:1829
5347:1835
5308:1858
5276:1600
5243:1600
5207:1780
5170:Kiowa
5144:1600
5072:1820
5040:1780
5004:1818
4962:1780
4946:Alsea
4921:1600
4891:1857
4861:1541
4829:1718
4796:1584
4767:1835
4731:1829
4702:1786
4670:1860
4636:1863
4599:1780
4561:1835
4531:1600
4523:Conoy
4497:1702
4466:1702
4459:Ponca
4455:Omaha
4427:1850
4392:1812
4358:1600
4323:1806
4291:1764
4283:Kansa
4249:1819
4242:Osage
4218:1859
4186:1787
4178:Haida
4151:1690
4143:Caddo
4114:1500
4078:1848
4047:1821
4016:1500
3977:1780
3944:1719
3906:1570
3868:1836
3835:1584
3804:1869
3771:1778
3739:1626
3710:1869
3677:1856
3648:1850
3618:1700
3589:1780
3558:1839
3524:1670
3517:Inuit
3487:Comox
3483:Stalo
3476:1835
3435:1744
3401:1600
3371:1780
3338:1780
3302:1653
3272:1540
3239:1600
3210:1690
3176:1777
3143:1835
3111:1764
3078:1600
3046:1674
3015:1600
2983:1584
2951:1772
2921:1812
2887:1780
2853:1700
2819:1600
2781:1616
2750:1837
2718:1738
2653:1584
2621:1715
2588:1687
2581:Skidi
2555:1600
2523:1584
2491:1584
2459:1616
2424:1687
2392:1679
2356:1780
2316:1540
2253:1866
2220:1867
2185:1853
2151:1600
2116:1670
2081:1670
2046:1670
2008:1670
1970:1780
1929:1635
1896:1584
1866:1600
1836:1600
1802:1642
1770:1600
1736:1735
1704:1626
1667:1635
1638:1500
1598:1823
1557:1823
1524:1860
1488:1860
1450:1719
1418:1700
1382:1700
1350:1762
1317:1657
1310:Miami
1285:1584
1278:Pecos
1246:1832
1210:1632
1175:1834
1136:1540
1104:1584
1067:1794
1032:1700
995:1690
963:1836
927:1836
893:1626
862:1820
826:1820
794:1658
757:1718
723:1762
716:Sioux
690:Year
675:Rank
631:2010
602:2009
573:2005
544:2003
518:3.44
515:2001
512:Snow
489:3.79
486:1992
457:1988
428:1966
417:2.03
414:4.75
399:1954
385:6.13
382:0.22
379:0.74
370:1949
341:1939
312:1924
281:Date
243:Métis
239:Inuit
210:Inuit
24898:Rape
24512:1993
24505:1972
23800:Ainu
23433:Maps
23417:Inca
23407:Maya
23093:Kiva
21658:Army
21440:and
21418:Inca
21408:Maya
21386:Zenú
21381:Wari
21226:Lima
20412:Zuni
20357:Peru
20308:list
20128:Peru
20081:Inca
20056:Maya
19747:ISBN
19724:ISBN
19674:ISBN
19651:ISBN
19545:ISBN
19517:ISBN
19496:ISBN
19466:ISBN
19444:ISBN
19425:ISBN
19385:ISBN
19364:ISBN
19332:ISBN
19308:ISBN
19289:ISBN
19268:ISBN
19249:ISBN
19230:ISBN
19192:ISBN
19158:ISBN
19102:2019
19022:2010
19000:2021
18969:2021
18944:2021
18904:ISBN
18883:ISBN
18850:ISBN
18768:ISBN
18725:2010
18712:ISBN
18612:ISBN
18589:2017
18554:ISBN
18533:2021
18485:ISBN
18286:2019
18260:2020
18191:2019
18118:ISSN
18081:ISBN
18056:ISBN
18022:ISBN
17997:ISBN
17960:OCLC
17950:ISBN
17915:ISSN
17892:2022
17803:2010
17790:ISBN
17769:2010
17756:ISBN
17723:PMID
17662:2010
17632:PMID
17582:2009
17569:ISBN
17541:PMID
17499:PMID
17390:ISBN
17359:2024
17327:ISBN
17280:2024
16983:2024
16929:2024
16822:2024
16395:PMID
16006:ISBN
15961:ISSN
15653:ISBN
15601:2014
15573:ISBN
15546:ISBN
15519:ISBN
15492:ISBN
15465:ISBN
15438:ISBN
15408:ISBN
15366:ISBN
15333:PMID
15290:PMID
15208:2022
15186:2022
15160:2024
15122:ISSN
15061:PMID
15043:ISSN
14942:ISBN
14915:ISBN
14886:ISSN
14847:ISSN
14810:ISBN
14781:ISBN
14751:ISBN
14723:ISSN
14683:2022
14651:ISBN
14627:2013
14614:ISBN
14209:and
14174:and
14145:and
14130:The
14032:mita
13724:and
13526:and
13468:and
13452:and
13357:375
13350:Cook
13324:374
13295:373
13277:100
13263:372
13248:100
13234:371
13219:100
13205:370
13188:100
13176:369
13159:130
13147:368
13131:132
13114:367
13097:145
13083:366
13060:150
13042:365
13024:150
13009:364
12994:159
12977:363
12960:180
12946:362
12928:200
12914:361
12898:200
12886:360
12869:200
12855:359
12840:200
12828:358
12810:200
12798:357
12780:200
12768:356
12750:230
12738:355
12723:240
12709:354
12694:240
12682:353
12666:250
12654:352
12637:250
12619:351
12601:250
12589:350
12574:250
12560:349
12544:255
12530:348
12513:300
12494:347
12477:300
12463:346
12446:300
12429:345
12412:300
12397:344
12380:300
12368:343
12351:300
12337:342
12320:300
12303:341
12288:300
12276:340
12259:300
12244:339
12229:300
12214:338
12199:304
12184:337
12152:336
12135:375
12121:335
12104:400
12090:334
12072:400
12058:333
12041:400
12027:332
12012:400
12000:331
11985:400
11973:330
11958:435
11943:329
11926:450
11911:328
11894:450
11880:327
11865:450
11853:326
11835:500
11831:Adai
11821:325
11804:500
11789:324
11772:500
11760:323
11742:500
11730:322
11713:500
11696:321
11678:500
11666:320
11648:500
11634:319
11626:and
11613:500
11595:318
11577:500
11563:317
11527:316
11519:and
11505:500
11493:315
11485:and
11471:500
11457:314
11449:and
11420:313
11387:312
11379:and
11364:500
11350:311
11335:500
11321:310
11303:500
11291:309
11273:500
11259:308
11240:500
11226:307
11211:500
11197:306
11182:500
11167:305
11149:500
11135:304
11118:500
11112:and
11100:303
11085:500
11071:302
11052:525
11038:301
11021:550
11007:300
10990:600
10976:299
10958:600
10944:298
10925:600
10910:297
10893:600
10879:296
10861:600
10846:295
10811:294
10793:650
10778:293
10763:650
10751:292
10736:650
10722:291
10704:700
10687:290
10670:700
10656:289
10638:750
10626:288
10609:750
10594:287
10579:750
10565:286
10547:800
10533:285
10516:800
10498:284
10480:800
10468:283
10453:800
10439:282
10420:800
10406:281
10389:800
10375:280
10343:279
10314:278
10297:900
10285:277
10264:950
10250:276
10218:275
10187:274
10159:273
10129:272
10094:271
10067:270
10033:269
10001:268
9974:267
9937:266
9906:265
9875:264
9834:263
9794:262
9763:261
9730:260
9699:259
9663:258
9630:257
9608:Hare
9595:256
9563:255
9532:254
9498:253
9490:and
9464:252
9430:251
9398:250
9368:249
9337:248
9306:247
9277:246
9246:245
9214:244
9178:243
9149:242
9118:241
9086:240
9055:239
9023:238
8993:237
8970:and
8954:236
8923:235
8892:234
8858:233
8828:232
8794:231
8759:230
8730:229
8708:Otoe
8698:228
8666:227
8631:226
8599:225
8569:224
8538:223
8505:222
8473:221
8465:and
8437:220
8408:219
8376:218
8340:217
8305:216
8273:215
8243:214
8209:213
8180:212
8157:and
8155:Coos
8145:211
8113:210
8082:209
8050:208
8021:207
7991:206
7959:205
7924:204
7912:20+
7888:203
7857:202
7827:201
7788:200
7759:199
7729:198
7705:and
7690:197
7659:196
7627:195
7595:194
7563:193
7555:and
7523:192
7487:191
7453:190
7422:189
7390:188
7350:187
7321:186
7291:185
7259:184
7229:183
7200:182
7168:181
7137:180
7106:179
7068:178
7031:177
7000:176
6969:175
6938:174
6903:173
6871:172
6842:171
6809:170
6801:and
6773:169
6742:168
6707:167
6675:166
6643:165
6610:164
6575:163
6548:162
6512:161
6476:160
6444:159
6414:158
6382:157
6352:156
6322:155
6288:154
6253:153
6217:152
6181:151
6149:150
6114:149
6083:148
6053:147
6043:1585
6018:146
5987:145
5947:144
5918:143
5888:142
5857:141
5829:140
5797:139
5764:138
5756:and
5725:137
5693:136
5664:135
5634:134
5607:133
5598:and
5566:132
5531:131
5500:130
5462:129
5430:128
5398:127
5365:126
5357:and
5326:125
5288:124
5259:123
5246:20+
5225:122
5217:and
5189:121
5160:120
5147:17+
5135:and
5133:Innu
5120:119
5100:Yuma
5086:118
5054:117
5018:116
4982:115
4974:and
4965:110
4936:114
4904:113
4874:112
4843:111
4812:110
4779:109
4749:108
4714:107
4694:Sauk
4684:106
4649:105
4618:104
4575:103
4544:102
4534:13+
4513:101
4480:100
4437:and
4265:and
4189:42+
4125:and
4089:and
3933:Waco
3295:Erie
2822:16+
2793:and
2784:161
2690:118
2427:27+
2367:and
2265:34c
2232:34b
2213:Utah
2199:34a
2165:33f
2130:33e
2095:33d
2060:33c
2035:Cree
2022:33b
1987:33a
1932:141
1869:23+
1839:16+
1739:201
1696:Diné
1670:11+
1610:and
1601:15+
1577:21b
1569:and
1560:15+
1539:21a
1503:20b
1470:20a
1462:and
1397:18b
1364:18a
1353:16+
1320:20+
1256:and
1221:and
1167:Crow
1142:(at
1139:38+
1097:Hopi
1079:and
1070:100
1007:and
998:226
769:and
760:102
726:40+
634:3.8
605:2.5
562:7–8
556:2–3
553:5–6
547:3.5
411:0.3
408:0.8
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