448:
432:, after which he was taken down, placed naked and backwards on an ass. A bag of feathers was placed upon his head and two more at his thighs. With a bell fastened round its neck, Peter was driven through the city, and after being thus exposed to the ridicule of the people, Peter was cast into a dungeon before finally being sent by the emperor into Germany. In gratitude for the emperor's intervention, John lauded him by declaring him to be the liberator and restorer of the Church, the illustrious guest, and three times blessed emperor.
3013:
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734:"Here, where in death the good pastor would have them placed, are the remains of Pope John. By the mercy of God and the merits of St. Paul, freed from the bonds of death, may he hence ascend into heaven, and share in the happiness of the blessed above. Do you who piously read this epitaph pray that Christ, who with His sacred Blood redeemed the world, may have pity on His servant and free him from his sins."
1256:
420:, where he was met by his brother-in-law, Benedict, who also offered John his support. With Rome effectively back in his hands, John returned and was welcomed back into the city on November 14, 966. Although he was initially lenient towards the rebels, the arrival of Otto saw a change in approach. The emperor banished to Germany the two men appointed consul; the twelve principal militia leaders (the
400:. However, fearing John's presence there would inspire resistance from his followers, the pope was moved to one of Rofred's castles in the Campagna. Word eventually reached Otto of all these disturbances, and he entered Italy in late summer of 966 at the head of an enormous army. In the meantime, John had managed to escape from Campagna, and made his way to
479:
as co-emperor. Various synods were held before the emperors left Rome for the south of Italy, in which, sometimes at their request, John XIII took several German monasteries under his special protection, or decided that in some cases they were to remain forever "under the patronage
742:, one of the nobles attached to the court of the emperor Otto I was possessed by an evil spirit, resulting in his tearing at his own face, and biting his hands and arms. The emperor ordered that the nobleman be taken to Pope John XIII, with instructions that the
684:. John was also the recipient of many requests for help. In one case, the monks of the monastery of St. Peter at Novalisa, asked for the pope to intervene to help protect them against a local count named Ardoin. In another case, in November 971, Archbishop
365:
family important positions to shore up his support, while he also sought closer ties with the emperor. However, with the emperor back in
Germany, various local powers decided to take advantage of his absence to intrigue against John XIII. The former king
966:”Roma caput totius mundi et ecclesia universalis ab inquis pene pessum data, a Domno Ottone aug. Imp., a Deo coronato Caesare, et magno, et ter benedicto—erecta est et in pristinum honorem omni reverentia redacta.” Gregorovius, pp. 364–365
512:, which included Rome and the Papal States, as the price for the imperial marriage. When negotiations broke down, Nikephoros refused to write to John XIII in his own hand, instead sending him a threatening letter written by his brother,
467:
in April 967, Otto again "restored to the apostolic Pope John the city and territory of
Ravenna and many other possessions which had for some time been lost to the Popes." At around this time he also created, at Otto's request, the
730:. From childhood he carried the nickname of "the White Hen", due to his light colored hair. His epitaph used to be in the basilica where he was buried, between the front door and the first column, and it read:
746:
be placed upon him, and so cure him. According to the legend, John placed several chains on the afflicted man, each of which were copies, but to no effect. However, when John placed the true chain of
416:
Pandulf's brother John, on August 14, 966. In Rome, the pope's supporters rose up, and Rofred and
Stephen were killed by John Crescentius, the pope's nephew. Pope John left Capua, and crossed into
455:
After John XIII's restoration, he worked with the
Emperor on ecclesiastical improvements. It was decided in a council held at Rome in the beginning of 967 in the emperor's presence that
699:
as a hereditary lease to
Senatrix Stephania, who was probably his sister. Praeneste was to belong to her, her children, and her grandchildren, for a yearly rent of ten gold
428:) were hanged. Other plotters were either executed or blinded. The Prefect of the City, Peter, was handed over to John, who ordered him to be hung by his hair from the
241:. If so, his father had previously been a duke, and possibly even appointed consul, prior to his ordination as bishop. Consequently, John was probably the brother of
688:
went to Rome to ask the pope to confirm the archbishop's decision to leave some property to the monks of Mouzon Abbey, thereby protecting his donation from King
726:
Referred to by one chronicler after his death as "The Good", John was noted for his reverence and piety, as well as being highly learned in both scripture and
374:, whilst the Roman nobility, disliking John's behaviour, and resenting his imposition by a foreign power, staged a revolt. Under the leadership of Peter, the
685:
614:
should be the new cathedral church. At the church of St. George, a convent of nuns was to be established, over which Mlada was to preside. Finally, the
505:
2961:
641:, who refused to give up their wives and concubines. In that same year, John confirmed the privileges which King Edgar had granted the monks of
354:. When this was not possible, Bishop John Crescentius was suggested as a compromise candidate by Otto's envoys, the bishops Otger of Spiers and
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582:
John was also involved in the development of ecclesiastical structures across Europe. In 968, John appointed the first bishop in Poland,
716:
2824:
556:
488:
through his son and a
Byzantine princess, John XIII lent his support to Otto's cause. He wrote a letter to the Eastern emperor,
668:. He also granted numerous privileges across Europe. In one case, dated September 29, 970, for the monastery of St. Vincent of
528:
531:
quickly addressed an order to the head of the Church of
Otranto giving him authority to consecrate bishops in the churches of
2889:
1109:
496:", but as "emperor of the Greeks". As his price for the marriage, Otto demanded a dowry from the Eastern Empire, that of the
750:
on him, a thick smoke issued from the nobleman's body, cries were heard in the air, and the evil spirit left the nobleman.
429:
551:, all previously dependent on the Church of Rome. In response, and at the request of the Western emperor, John convened a
2991:
409:
523:
into the pope's jurisdiction in southern Italy. The eastern emperor ordered the patriarch to transform the bishopric of
392:”The Saxon kings were going to destroy their power and influence, and were going to lead their children into captivity.”
2967:
985:
723:. The earliest surviving written mention of the ancient practice of the blessing of church bells comes from his reign.
703:, but it was afterwards to return to the Church. It is one of the first examples of the introduction of the system of
622:
was to be followed, and someone who was well instructed in Latin literature had to be chosen as the first bishop.
209:, and the Roman nobility. After long and arduous negotiations, he succeeded in arranging a Byzantine marriage for
1342:
1396:
768:
610:
in accordance with the wishes of
Boleslaus, which had been made through Mlada. John decreed that the church of
358:. Elected unanimously, John was consecrated on Sunday, 1 October 965, five months after the death of Leo VIII.
1260:
272:
247:
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1266:
439:, and was so impressed by his scholarly brilliance that he kept him on in Rome in order to learn from him.
303:
20:
782:
The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages, Vol. IV: The Popes in the Days of Feudal
Anarchy, 891–999
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After the failure of negotiations, Nikephoros attempted to extend the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the
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into a metropolitan see, and to ensure that services were no longer said in Latin, but in Greek only.
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from 1 October 965 to his death. His pontificate was caught up in the continuing conflict between the
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John immediately took on the task of curbing the power of the Roman nobility. He gave members of the
238:
1376:
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276:, and his career during that time saw him pass through a number of positions, including that of
233:. It has been conjectured that his father was the Roman noble John Crescentius, a member of the
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513:
98:
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The leaders of the Roman militia captured the pope on
December 16, 965, and imprisoned him in
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978:
The Birth of the West: Rome, Germany, France, and the Creation of Europe in the Tenth Century
816:
789:
A Complete History of the Popes of Rome, from Saint Peter, the First Bishop to Pius the Ninth
397:
260:
242:
638:
574:, the niece of Tzimiskes. The marriage was performed by John XIII at Rome on 14 April 972.
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302:. After leaving the schola, he took an active part in papal administration, serving in the
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claim to imperial dignity. He also established church hierarchy in Poland and Bohemia.
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into a metropolitan see, thus reducing the influence of the Byzantine Empire and
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There is a legend which attached itself to the reign of John XIII. According to
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570:. He entered into negotiations with Otto I, and soon Otto II was betrothed to
484:) of the kings or emperors." With Otto I seeking a marriage alliance with the
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In 971, John XIII published a bull supporting the action of the English king
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664:, responsible for promoting the decrees of any synods held in Germany or
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492:, but ended up insulting him by referring to him, not as "emperor of the
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named Aelfric, commanding him to cease taking money from Glastonbury.
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was to be the patriarchal and metropolitan church of the whole of the
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214:
676:. Its abbot was granted the use, under certain conditions, of the
508:. Nikephoros retorted by instead demanding the restitution of the
524:
464:
375:
291:
210:
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Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to Benedict XVI
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Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes
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Then, on Christmas Day in 967, John XIII crowned Otto I's son
980:(illustrated, reprint ed.). PublicAffairs. p. 369.
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The death of Nikephoros Phokas in 969 saw the elevation of
408:. In thanks for Pandulf's aid, John converted Capua into a
388:
Stephen, they roused the Roman nobility by declaring that
226:
145:
342:
After the death of Leo VIII, the Roman nobility asked the
715:
John XIII died on 6 September 972, and was buried in the
318:
in 961. At some point he was appointed as the bishop of
442:
1012:, Ed. Philippe Levillain, (Routledge, 2002), 841.
3043:
1350:
1202:
1200:
1097:
957:Mann, pp. 287–288; Gregorovius, pp. 360–362; 364
775:The History of Rome in the Middle Ages, Vol. III
378:of the city, together with Rofred, the Count of
237:family who had married into the family of Count
859:
857:
829:
827:
1104:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 10–13.
1091:
577:
435:In 969, he met Gerbert d'Aurillac, the future
229:, John was the son of another John, who was a
1336:
1197:
975:
854:
824:
842:Mann, pp. 285–286; Gregorovius, pp. 358–359
255:(who married Count Benedict, rector of the
16:Head of the Catholic Church from 965 to 972
1343:
1329:
807:
787:DeCormenin, Louis Marie; Gihon, James L.,
672:, we find the first recorded grant of the
404:, placing himself under the protection of
337:
220:
99:Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Domnica
717:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
555:in 969, which elevated the bishopric of
446:
606:which authorised the foundation of the
3044:
912:Mann, pp. 286–287; Gregorovius, p. 359
529:Patriarch Polyeuctus of Constantinople
424:, one appointed to each of the city's
1324:
820:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
430:Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius
370:had appeared in front of an army in
316:Librarian of the Holy Apostolic See
19:"Pope John XIII" may also refer to
13:
695:In 970, John bestowed the town of
443:Troubles with the Byzantine Empire
322:, as which he participated in the
14:
3078:
1248:
1194:Gregorovius, p. 374; Mann, p. 285
939:Gregorovius, p. 360; Mann, p. 287
808:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
801:
710:
259:) and Marozia, who married Count
251:), as well as Stephania, lady of
213:, in an effort to legitimize the
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3012:
3011:
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1101:A History of Polish Christianity
193:; died 6 September 972) was the
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412:, and consecrated as its first
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1:
885:, (HarperCollins, 2000), 160.
753:
294:before reaching the ranks of
304:Chancery of Apostolic Briefs
21:Pope John XIII of Alexandria
7:
612:Saints Vitus and Wenceslaus
578:Relations with other states
521:patriarch of Constantinople
350:, for the reinstatement of
334:which saw his restoration.
10:
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1010:The Papacy:An Encyclopedia
470:Archbishopric of Magdeburg
18:
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1098:Jerzy KĹ‚oczowski (2000).
586:. In 973, John appointed
270:, he was a member of the
239:Theophylact I of Tusculum
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167:6 September 972 (aged 42)
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773:Gregorovius, Ferdinand,
463:. At another council at
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592:Boleslaus II of Bohemia
561:Eastern Orthodox Church
338:Accession and rebellion
221:Family and early career
175:Other popes named John
3030:Catholic Church Portal
2890:Conflicts with the HRE
1287:Catholic Church titles
1039:Norwich, John Julius,
811:"Pope John XIII"
759:Norwich, John Julius,
736:
719:. He was succeeded by
707:into Roman territory.
514:Leo Phokas the Younger
452:
394:
190:
2806:History of the papacy
1041:Byzantium: The Apogee
976:Paul Collins (2014).
817:Catholic Encyclopedia
744:Chains of Saint Peter
732:
656:, John appointed the
450:
390:
261:Gregory I of Tusculum
243:Crescentius the Elder
2968:Revolutionary Papacy
2962:Age of Enlightenment
1263:at Wikimedia Commons
881:Richard P. McBrien,
761:The Popes: A History
639:Winchester Cathedral
510:Exarchate of Ravenna
490:Nikephoros II Phokas
356:Liutprand of Cremona
314:. He also served as
2815:Antiquity and Early
2619:17th–21st centuries
2333:13th–16th centuries
1088:Gregorovius, p. 376
921:Gregorovius, p. 360
903:Gregorovius, p. 359
894:Gregorovius, p. 357
872:Gregorovius, p. 358
658:archbishop of Trier
608:Bishopric of Prague
590:, a sister of Duke
332:Synod of Rome (964)
324:Synod of Rome (963)
248:patricius romanorum
3067:10th-century popes
2950:Reformation Papacy
2944:Renaissance Papacy
2886:(1012–1044 / 1048)
2839:Ostrogothic Papacy
1932:9th–12th centuries
1242:DeCormenin, p. 303
1215:DeCormenin, p. 304
740:Dietrich I of Metz
690:Louis IV of France
686:Adalberon of Reims
631:Archbishop Dunstan
627:Edgar the Peaceful
453:
451:Coins of John XIII
398:Castel Sant'Angelo
344:Holy Roman emperor
266:Brought up at the
203:Holy Roman emperor
169:Rome, Papal States
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2895:Wandering Papacy
2858:Saeculum obscurum
2831:Under Constantine
1636:5th–8th centuries
1430:1st–4th centuries
1414:papal resignation
1319:
1318:
1310:Succeeded by
1259:Media related to
1185:Mann, pp. 301–302
1176:Mann, pp. 300–301
1158:Mann, pp. 298–299
1149:Mann, pp. 297–298
1131:Mann, pp. 295–296
1111:978-0-521-36429-4
1061:Mann, pp. 292–293
1030:Mann, pp. 290–291
851:Mann, pp. 283–284
780:Mann, Horace K.,
682:Episcopal sandals
643:Glastonbury Abbey
600:Benedictine Order
437:Pope Sylvester II
368:Adalbert of Italy
330:, as well as the
197:and ruler of the
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132:Personal details
119:Created cardinal
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965:
961:
956:
952:
947:
943:
938:
934:
929:
925:
920:
916:
911:
907:
902:
898:
893:
889:
880:
876:
871:
867:
862:
855:
850:
846:
841:
837:
832:
825:
806:
802:
798:
756:
713:
580:
445:
352:Pope Benedict V
340:
273:schola cantorum
223:
168:
162:
160:
152:
143:
142:
123:
70:6 September 972
53:Catholic Church
37:
34:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3080:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3037:
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3021:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2977:
2974:Roman Question
2971:
2965:
2964:(c. 1640–1740)
2959:
2956:Baroque Papacy
2953:
2947:
2940:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2925:Western Schism
2922:
2919:Avignon Papacy
2916:
2915:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2893:
2887:
2880:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2865:Crescentii era
2862:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2821:
2819:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
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2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:Alexander VIII
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
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2256:
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2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2054:Anastasius III
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1926:
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1920:
1915:
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1399:
1394:
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1374:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1307:965–972
1299:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1264:
1261:Pope John XIII
1250:
1249:External links
1247:
1245:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1151:
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1124:
1110:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1043:(1993), p. 200
1032:
1023:
1014:
1002:
993:
987:978-1610393683
986:
968:
959:
950:
948:Norwich, p. 83
941:
932:
923:
914:
905:
896:
887:
874:
865:
853:
844:
835:
823:
799:
797:
794:
793:
792:
785:
778:
771:
755:
752:
712:
711:Death and lore
709:
620:Byzantine rite
579:
576:
444:
441:
426:twelve regions
380:Roman Campagna
339:
336:
326:which deposed
268:Lateran palace
222:
219:
195:bishop of Rome
183:Pope John XIII
178:
177:
171:
170:
158:
154:
153:
144:
140:
138:
134:
133:
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128:
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96:
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91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
43:Bishop of Rome
39:
38:
35:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3079:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3062:Italian popes
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3010:
3009:
3006:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2983:
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2978:
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2920:
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2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2875:High and Late
2873:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:Benedict XIII
2689:
2687:
2686:Innocent XIII
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:Alexander VII
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2520:Innocent VIII
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2500:Callixtus III
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
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2461:
2458:
2456:
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2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2420:Boniface VIII
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2319:Celestine III
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Alexander III
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2284:Anastasius IV
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2184:Sylvester III
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2169:Benedict VIII
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1693:Anastasius II
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1409:Pope emeritus
1407:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1367:List of popes
1365:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1201:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1042:
1036:
1027:
1021:McBrien, 161.
1018:
1011:
1006:
1000:Mann, pg. 289
997:
989:
983:
979:
972:
963:
954:
945:
936:
927:
918:
909:
900:
891:
884:
878:
869:
860:
858:
848:
839:
830:
828:
819:
818:
812:
804:
800:
790:
786:
783:
779:
776:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
757:
751:
749:
745:
741:
735:
731:
729:
724:
722:
718:
708:
706:
702:
698:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
575:
573:
569:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
478:
473:
471:
466:
462:
458:
449:
440:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
393:
389:
387:
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
335:
333:
329:
328:Pope John XII
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:
275:
274:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
249:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
176:
172:
159:
155:
151:
147:
139:
135:
130:
127:
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
100:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:1 October 965
61:
57:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
32:
27:
22:
3028:
3016:
2986:World War II
2980:Vatican City
2856:
2827:(until 493)
2791:Benedict XVI
2786:John Paul II
2706:Clement XIII
2701:Benedict XIV
2676:Innocent XII
2610:Clement VIII
2585:Gregory XIII
2565:Marcellus II
2525:Alexander VI
2475:Innocent VII
2440:Benedict XII
2395:Nicholas III
2360:Alexander IV
2350:Celestine IV
2340:Honorius III
2324:Innocent III
2309:Gregory VIII
2269:Celestine II
2254:Callixtus II
2224:Alexander II
2149:Sylvester II
2129:Benedict VII
2118:
2089:Stephen VIII
1974:Benedict III
1828:Adeodatus II
1773:Boniface III
1627:Anastasius I
1301:
1278:(in Italian)
1238:
1233:Mann, p. 304
1229:
1224:Mann, p. 283
1220:
1211:
1206:Mann, p. 303
1190:
1181:
1172:
1167:Mann, p. 299
1163:
1154:
1145:
1140:Mann, p. 269
1136:
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1100:
1093:
1084:
1079:Mann, p. 294
1075:
1070:Mann, p. 293
1066:
1057:
1052:Mann, p. 292
1048:
1040:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1009:
1005:
996:
977:
971:
962:
953:
944:
935:
930:Mann, p. 287
926:
917:
908:
899:
890:
882:
877:
868:
863:Mann, p. 284
847:
838:
833:Mann, p. 286
815:
803:
788:
781:
774:
760:
737:
733:
725:
714:
694:
666:West Francia
651:
633:against the
624:
618:and not the
581:
565:
518:
482:mundiburdium
481:
474:
454:
434:
421:
395:
391:
383:
360:
341:
306:under popes
277:
271:
265:
246:
224:
199:Papal States
191:Ioannes XIII
182:
181:
150:Papal States
111:Consecration
67:Papacy ended
59:Papacy began
2994:(1945–1991)
2988:(1939–1945)
2976:(1870–1929)
2970:(1775–1848)
2958:(1585–1689)
2952:(1534–1585)
2946:(1417–1534)
2927:(1378–1417)
2921:(1309–1378)
2913:, 1228–1304
2907:, 1262–1297
2901:, 1257–1281
2892:(1048–1257)
2877:Middle Ages
2817:Middle Ages
2781:John Paul I
2756:Benedict XV
2736:Gregory XVI
2711:Clement XIV
2696:Clement XII
2666:Innocent XI
2605:Innocent IX
2600:Gregory XIV
2550:Clement VII
2480:Gregory XII
2470:Boniface IX
2450:Innocent VI
2425:Benedict XI
2415:Celestine V
2410:Nicholas IV
2405:Honorius IV
2355:Innocent IV
2314:Clement III
2264:Innocent II
2259:Honorius II
2249:Gelasius II
2229:Gregory VII
2219:Nicholas II
2179:Benedict IX
2124:Benedict VI
2099:Agapetus II
2074:Stephen VII
2049:Sergius III
2039:Benedict IV
2029:Theodore II
2014:Boniface VI
1913:Stephen III
1893:Gregory III
1883:Constantine
1848:Benedict II
1783:Adeodatus I
1778:Boniface IV
1758:Pelagius II
1718:Boniface II
1658:Celestine I
1597:Sylvester I
1582:Marcellus I
1577:Marcellinus
1512:Callixtus I
1497:Eleutherius
1472:Telesphorus
1462:Alexander I
1384:Papal names
1313:Benedict VI
748:Saint Peter
721:Benedict VI
674:Pontificals
662:papal vicar
502:Longobardia
385:Vestararius
89:Benedict VI
75:Predecessor
3052:972 deaths
3046:Categories
2937:Modern Era
2867:(974–1012)
2771:John XXIII
2681:Clement XI
2656:Clement IX
2646:Innocent X
2641:Urban VIII
2636:Gregory XV
2560:Julius III
2495:Nicholas V
2460:Gregory XI
2445:Clement VI
2380:Innocent V
2370:Clement IV
2345:Gregory IX
2299:Lucius III
2279:Eugene III
2244:Paschal II
2234:Victor III
2214:Stephen IX
2199:Damasus II
2194:Clement II
2189:Gregory VI
2164:Sergius IV
2159:John XVIII
2109:Benedict V
2094:Marinus II
2019:Stephen VI
1999:Adrian III
1979:Nicholas I
1964:Sergius II
1959:Gregory IV
1939:Stephen IV
1903:Stephen II
1888:Gregory II
1808:Theodore I
1793:Honorius I
1788:Boniface V
1753:Benedict I
1743:Pelagius I
1728:Agapetus I
1688:Gelasius I
1678:Simplicius
1663:Sixtus III
1653:Boniface I
1643:Innocent I
1507:Zephyrinus
1421:Pope-elect
1397:non-extant
1270:(in Latin)
769:0701182903
754:References
616:Latin rite
604:papal bull
422:Decarcones
414:archbishop
363:Crescentii
253:Palestrina
235:Crescentii
126:Benedict V
2861:(904–964)
2853:(756–857)
2847:(537–752)
2841:(493–537)
2833:(312–337)
2731:Pius VIII
2661:Clement X
2595:Urban VII
2545:Adrian VI
2535:Julius II
2515:Sixtus IV
2490:Eugene IV
2435:John XXII
2430:Clement V
2400:Martin IV
2375:Gregory X
2304:Urban III
2289:Adrian IV
2274:Lucius II
2209:Victor II
2154:John XVII
2144:Gregory V
2119:John XIII
2004:Stephen V
1994:Marinus I
1989:John VIII
1984:Adrian II
1954:Valentine
1949:Eugene II
1944:Paschal I
1878:Sisinnius
1863:Sergius I
1798:Severinus
1763:Gregory I
1733:Silverius
1703:Hormisdas
1698:Symmachus
1683:Felix III
1617:Damasus I
1592:Miltiades
1567:Eutychian
1557:Dionysius
1552:Sixtus II
1547:Stephen I
1537:Cornelius
1457:Evaristus
1452:Clement I
1447:Anacletus
1377:canonised
1372:graphical
728:canon law
705:feudalism
697:Praeneste
647:ealdorman
572:Theophanu
557:Benevento
549:Tricarico
298:and then
296:Subdeacon
279:Ostiarius
163:972-09-06
101:(944–965)
85:Successor
36:John XIII
3018:Category
2992:Cold War
2766:Pius XII
2746:Leo XIII
2721:Pius VII
2590:Sixtus V
2555:Paul III
2530:Pius III
2485:Martin V
2465:Urban VI
2390:John XXI
2385:Adrian V
2365:Urban IV
2239:Urban II
2174:John XIX
2134:John XIV
2114:Leo VIII
2104:John XII
2009:Formosus
1918:Adrian I
1873:John VII
1823:Vitalian
1818:Eugene I
1813:Martin I
1768:Sabinian
1748:John III
1738:Vigilius
1713:Felix IV
1673:Hilarius
1622:Siricius
1612:Liberius
1607:Julius I
1587:Eusebius
1542:Lucius I
1502:Victor I
1487:Anicetus
1467:Sixtus I
1404:Antipope
1296:Leo VIII
678:Dalmatic
594:, as an
533:Acerenza
506:Calabria
382:and the
372:Lombardy
312:Leo VIII
308:John XII
288:Exorcist
225:Born in
215:Ottonian
79:Leo VIII
2911:Perugia
2905:Orvieto
2899:Viterbo
2796:Francis
2776:Paul VI
2761:Pius XI
2741:Pius IX
2726:Leo XII
2716:Pius VI
2575:Pius IV
2570:Paul IV
2510:Paul II
2505:Pius II
2455:Urban V
2139:John XV
2084:Leo VII
2079:John XI
2034:John IX
2024:Romanus
1923:Leo III
1898:Zachary
1868:John VI
1803:John IV
1723:John II
1648:Zosimus
1562:Felix I
1527:Anterus
1522:Pontian
1517:Urban I
1477:Hyginus
1354:of the
1117:5 April
763:(2011)
660:as the
598:of the
563:there.
541:Gravina
525:Otranto
477:Otto II
465:Ravenna
376:Prefect
292:Acolyte
211:Otto II
2751:Pius X
2631:Paul V
2626:Leo XI
2580:Pius V
2204:Leo IX
2069:Leo VI
2064:John X
1969:Leo IV
1908:Paul I
1853:John V
1843:Leo II
1838:Agatho
1708:John I
1532:Fabian
1482:Pius I
1392:extant
1388:Tombs
1108:
984:
791:(1857)
784:(1910)
777:(1895)
767:
701:solidi
635:canons
596:abbess
584:Jordan
547:, and
545:Matera
498:themes
494:Romans
461:Veneto
418:Sabina
348:Otto I
300:Deacon
284:Reader
257:Sabina
231:bishop
207:Otto I
106:Orders
49:Church
3057:Popes
2540:Leo X
2059:Lando
2044:Leo V
1858:Conon
1833:Donus
1668:Leo I
1572:Caius
1492:Soter
1442:Linus
1437:Peter
1352:Popes
796:Notes
654:Trier
588:Mlada
553:synod
537:Tursi
457:Grado
402:Capua
320:Narni
245:(the
187:Latin
1602:Mark
1303:Pope
1119:2012
1106:ISBN
982:ISBN
765:ISBN
680:and
670:Metz
629:and
504:and
310:and
290:and
227:Rome
157:Died
146:Rome
137:Born
31:Pope
652:In
637:of
500:of
124:by
122:964
114:962
3048::
1199:^
856:^
826:^
814:.
692:.
543:,
539:,
535:,
516:.
472:.
346:,
286:,
282:,
263:.
205:,
189::
148:,
1344:e
1337:t
1330:v
1121:.
990:.
480:(
185:(
165:)
161:(
23:.
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