1018:, who had been installed in that position by the Althing in 1941) appointed a non-parliamentary government. The regent had, for all practical purposes, the position of a president, and Sveinn in fact became the country's first president in 1944. The governments of Iceland have almost always been coalitions with two or more parties involved because no single political party has received a majority of seats in the Althing during Iceland's republican period. The extent of the political powers possessed by the office of the president is disputed by legal scholars in Iceland; several provisions of the constitution appear to give the president some important powers but other provisions and traditions suggest differently.
536:
1014:; however, this process is usually conducted by the leaders of the political parties, who decide among themselves after discussions which parties can form the cabinet and how its seats are to be distributed (under the condition that it has majority support in Althing). Only when the party leaders are unable to reach a conclusion by themselves in reasonable time does the president exercise this power and appoint the cabinet themselves. This has never happened since the republic was founded in 1944, but in 1942 the regent of the country (
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1149:). These political parties were again the three largest in Iceland after the latest elections and subsequently continued the coalition for another term. This was the first time since 2009 in which existing coalition is renewed in Iceland. A total of 203,898 votes were cast consulting 80.1% of the 254,681 electorates.
1245:, and again in 2017, following revelations of impropriety within the ranks of the political class; both instances culminated in anti-government protests being staged. Organized protests held to highlight and challenge political corruption since 2008 have therefore come to stress the necessity for the new
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for presidential and parliamentary elections is 18 years of age and is universal. Members of the
Althing are elected on the basis of proportional representation from six constituencies. Until 1991, membership of the Althing was divided between a lower and upper house but this was changed to a fully
1240:
After the 2008 financial crisis, there has been an increasing fractionalization of the
Icelandic party system. The increase in the number of parties has made it harder for coalition governments to form. What's more, since the initial resignation of the government in January 2009 after the banking
1097:
a 41% plurality and relatively comfortable 12% victory margin over the closest of three other candidates. Traditionally limited to 6–12 weeks, Iceland's campaign season was marked by several intensely personal attacks on Ólafur Ragnar, a former finance minister who tried to erase memories of his
1228:
Geir's administration fell apart in
January 2009 and he called for an early election before standing down as party leader. The Social Democrats subsequently formed an interim government with the LGM. In the
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The president is elected every four years (last 2020), the cabinet is elected every four years (last 2021) and town council elections are held every four years (last 2018).
1297:) and district courts. Justices are appointed for life by the minister of justice. The Constitution protects the judiciary from infringement by the other two branches.
1867:
1189:(PP) as a more conservative partner to form a stronger and more stable majority with 40 seats. Splintered by factionalism over the economy and Iceland's role in the
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chose not to run for re-election in 1996. More than 86% of voters turned out in the June 29, 1996 presidential elections to give former leftist party chairman
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1110:. Ólafur Ragnar successfully used his largely ceremonial office to promote Icelandic trade abroad and family values at home. The
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has limited powers and is poised in a largely ceremonial office that serves as a diplomat and figurehead. On 1 August 2016,
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period and suspended in 1799. The
Althing is composed of 63 members, elected every 4 years unless it is dissolved sooner.
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collapse, revelations of subsequent political scandals have resulted in the government collapsing in 2016, following the
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Hardarson, Ólafur Th; Kristinsson, Gunnar Helgi (2018-12-01). "Iceland: Political development and data for 2017".
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its longstanding alliance with the IP ended despite still being able to form a majority. Instead, the IP's leader
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1285:. In April 2024, Bjarni Benediktsson of the Independence party succeeded Katrín Jakobsdóttir as prime minister.
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that was co-drafted by the 2009 leftist government and select members of the public to be enshrined into law.
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became the new president of
Iceland. He was re-elected with an overwhelming majority of the vote in the 2020
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2087:""Where Is the New Constitution?" Public Protest and Community-Building in Post–Economic Collapse Iceland"
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1193:(EU), the SDP also suffered from being the only party to support Iceland's EU membership application.
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Electoral
Politics in Crisis After the Great Recession: Change, Fluctuations and Stability in Iceland
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1237:'s administration prevailed, the first time Icelanders voted for a majority left-wing government.
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2054:"Crisis and Belonging: Protest Voices and Empathic Solidarity in Post-Economic Collapse Iceland"
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Hulda Thórisdóttir, Ólafur Th. Harðarson, Eva H. Önnudóttir, and Agnar Freyr
Helgason. 2021.
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1421:
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1961:"Government coalition survives in Iceland – for the first time since the bank crash of 2008"
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1089:
After four four-year terms as the world's first elected woman president, the widely popular
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1181:) mustered a simple majority in the 63-seat Althing. However, Prime Minister and IP leader
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1907:
Kristinsson, Gunnar Helgi (1996-11-01). "The presidential election in
Iceland 1996".
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2018:
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took place on
September 25, 2021. A three-party coalition was formed following the
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1057:. It was widely seen as a re-establishment of the assembly founded in 930 in the
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1984:
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chose a stronger but somewhat unstable coalition with the Social
Democrats (the
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2148:"Iceland appoints Bjarni Benediktsson to replace Katrín Jakobsdóttir as PM"
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2146:
Bryant, Miranda; correspondent, Miranda Bryant Nordic (10 April 2024).
1067:
1029:
1010:. The cabinet is appointed by the president after general elections to
1007:
878:
197:
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The prime minister and cabinet exercise most executive functions. The
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controversial support of inflationary policies and opposition to the
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provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject
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1209:. Some members chose to join another new left party instead, the
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892:
478:
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187:
1784:
Iceland's Shelter-Seeking Behavior: From Settlement to Republic
1706:
1082:. An overview on elections and election results is included in
508:
2011:
European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook
2188:
1777:
Small States and Shelter Theory: Iceland's External Affairs
1666:
1482:
1103:
1650:
1201:
The beginning of the millennium saw a merger of all the
1831:
Iceland's Heated Debate - National Geographic Magazine
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889:
is independent of the executive and the legislature.
2008:
1002:, who, together with the cabinet, takes care of the
899:, and has been rated as a "full democracy" in 2021.
2145:
1935:"From Iceland — Iceland's New Government Announced"
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1050:", was founded in 1845 as an advisory body to the
1958:
3992:
1316:Until 1988, Iceland was divided in 23 counties (
1045:
128:
3579:
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2209:
1293:The judiciary consists of the Supreme Court (
816:
1906:
1890:"Guðni Th. Jóhannesson Reelected President"
1824:
1300:
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809:
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1530:Learn how and when to remove this message
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
2129:"New Government of Iceland Takes Office"
1764:Icelandic constitutional reform, 2010–13
1483:International organization participation
1251:
1028:
906:
3993:
3593:
1860:"Global democracy has a very bad year"
1825:Del Giudice, Marguerite (March 2008).
3567:
2857:
2197:
1870:from the original on February 2, 2021
1512:providing more context for the reader
1024:
529:
2883:
2232:Elections and referendums in Iceland
1486:
1309:, which are further subdivided into
1152:
1080:List of political parties in Iceland
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
1074:Political parties and the elections
1040:The modern parliament, called the "
902:
13:
1769:
1288:
14:
4012:
2182:
2085:Heffernan, Timothy (2020-06-01).
2052:Heffernan, Timothy (2020-01-01).
1782:Baldur Thorhallsson (ed.). 2021.
1775:Baldur Thorhallsson (ed.). 2018.
1147:Vinstrihreyfingin – grænt framboð
1078:For other political parties, see
979:Elected to a four-year term, the
839:take place in the framework of a
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2225:
1796:Gunnar Helgi Kristinsson. 2021.
1789:Gunnar Helgi Kristinsson. 2007.
1491:
1196:
873:is exercised by the government.
783:
534:
507:
413:
143:
22:
2139:
2121:
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1798:Elítur og valdakerfi á Íslandi.
1446:Snæfellsnes- og Hnappadalssýsla
895:is arguably the world's oldest
33:needs additional citations for
2045:
2002:
1985:"Úrslit Alþingiskosninga 2021"
1977:
1952:
1927:
1900:
1882:
1852:
1818:
1162:In losing four seats in April
764:Iceland and the European Union
1:
2189:Government Offices of Iceland
1921:10.1016/s0261-3794(96)80470-7
1811:
1324:) and 14 independent towns* (
1265:After the 2021 parliamentary
1213:. After the PP's loss in the
1114:took place on June 27, 2020.
1036:, seat of legislative branch.
1837:. p. 85. Archived from
1786:. Cornell University Library
1754:List of Icelandic ministries
1164:1995 parliamentary elections
1123:2017 parliamentary elections
1119:last parliamentary elections
7:
1747:
1281:, headed by Prime Minister
1256:Political system of Iceland
1112:last presidential elections
124:Political system of Iceland
10:
4017:
3017:2008–2011 financial crisis
1207:Social Democratic Alliance
1077:
914:, seat of executive branch
614:President Benedikt Bogason
330:Bjarni Beneiktsson cabinet
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1466:Vestur-Barðastrandarsýsla
1346:Austur-Barðastrandarsýsla
1102:military presence at the
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859:prime minister of Iceland
844:representative democratic
674:List of political parties
564:Prime Minister of Iceland
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3205:Administrative divisions
2104:10.3167/arcs.2020.060114
1305:Iceland is divided into
1301:Administrative divisions
1260:
1157:
881:and the parliament, the
771:(1950s / 1970s)
687:Administrative divisions
606:Supreme Court of Iceland
378:Supreme Court of Iceland
2836:Constitutional Assembly
2240:Parliamentary elections
2023:10.1111/2047-8852.12222
1959:Fernando Casal Bertoa.
1939:The Reykjavik Grapevine
1478:Vestur-Skaftafellssýsla
1354:Austur-Skaftafellssýsla
437:Constitution of Iceland
171:Constitution of Iceland
150:Coat of arms of Iceland
3644:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2530:Presidential elections
1474:Vestur-Ísafjarðarsýsla
1406:Norður-Ísafjarðarsýsla
1257:
1247:Icelandic constitution
1235:Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir
1095:Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
1046:
1037:
915:
877:is vested in both the
395:Supreme Court Building
226:Speaker of the Althing
161:Parliamentary republic
129:
2987:Independence Movement
2982:Danish trade monopoly
2114:1959.4/unsworks_73167
1791:Íslenska stjórnkerfið
1470:Vestur-Húnavatnssýsla
1414:Norður-Þingeyjarsýsla
1350:Austur-Húnavatnssýsla
1255:
1131:Sjálfstæðisflokkurinn
1091:Vigdís Finnbogadóttir
1034:Parliament of Iceland
1032:
989:presidential election
985:Guðni Th. Jóhannesson
910:
621:Justices of the Court
502:Members of Parliament
458:Constitutional reform
57:"Politics of Iceland"
2091:Conflict and Society
1866:. February 2, 2021.
1458:Suður-Þingeyjarsýsla
1185:chose the resurgent
1139:Framsóknarflokkurinn
1084:Elections in Iceland
919:Main office-holders
543:President of Iceland
372:Judiciary of Iceland
258:President of Iceland
42:improve this article
4001:Politics of Iceland
3887:States with limited
3595:Politics of Europe
2653:Municipal elections
2135:. 29 November 2021.
2071:10.3390/rel11010022
1835:National Geographic
1508:improve the article
1283:Katrín Jakobsdóttir
1279:Left-Green Movement
1211:Left-Green Movement
1143:Left-Green Movement
964:Bjarni Benediktsson
920:
837:politics of Iceland
749:Diplomatic missions
572:Bjarni Benediktsson
406:Politics of Iceland
303:Bjarni Benediktsson
3405:Icelandic Language
2170:has generic name (
1965:Who Governs Europe
1358:Borgarfjarðarsýsla
1271:Independence Party
1258:
1231:resulting election
1127:Independence Party
1038:
1025:Legislative branch
996:head of government
969:Independence Party
918:
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912:Cabinet of Iceland
897:assembly democracy
867:multi-party system
863:head of government
790:Iceland portal
320:Cabinet of Iceland
283:Head of government
178:Legislative branch
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1909:Electoral Studies
1793:. Háskólaútgáfan.
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1442:Skagafjarðarsýsla
1311:77 municipalities
1275:Progressive Party
1187:Progressive Party
1153:Political history
1135:Progressive Party
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944:Halla Tómasdóttir
875:Legislative power
833:
832:
742:Foreign relations
667:Political parties
551:Halla Tómasdóttir
490:Birgir Ármannsson
399:
398:
268:Halla Tómasdóttir
222:Birgir Ármannsson
218:Presiding officer
130:Íslensk stjórnmál
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3925:Dependencies and
3861:Northern Ireland
3602:Sovereign states
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1827:"Power Struggle"
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1759:election history
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1422:Rangárvallasýsla
1410:Norður-Múlasýsla
1366:Eyjafjarðarsýsla
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1016:Sveinn Björnsson
921:
917:
903:Executive branch
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387:Benedikt Bogason
241:Executive branch
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106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
4016:
4015:
4011:
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4009:
4007:
4006:
4005:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3968:
3926:
3920:
3906:Northern Cyprus
3888:
3882:
3776:North Macedonia
3597:
3592:
3562:
3557:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3517:
3503:Public holidays
3424:
3358:
3317:
3279:
3240:Law enforcement
3179:
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2891:
2882:
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2144:
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2133:Iceland Monitor
2127:
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2083:
2079:
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1896:. 29 June 2020.
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1772:
1770:Further reading
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1547:Australia Group
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1496:
1492:
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1454:Suður-Múlasýsla
1370:Gullbringusýsla
1303:
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1289:Judicial branch
1263:
1199:
1160:
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1087:
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1027:
905:
871:Executive power
829:
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796:Other countries
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782:
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708:Municipalities
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654:2012 referendum
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277:Direct election
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3109:National parks
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2183:External links
2181:
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2097:(1): 236–254.
2077:
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2017:(1): 135–141.
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1991:(in Icelandic)
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1000:prime minister
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1197:2000s - 2010s
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59: –
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53:Find sources:
47:
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37:
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31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
3916:Transnistria
3878:Vatican City
3708:
3463:Coat of arms
3443:Architecture
3385:Demographics
3334:Nordic model
3230:Human rights
3215:Constitution
3192:
2997:World War II
2972:Sturlung Era
2957:Commonwealth
2518:
2168:|last2=
2152:The Guardian
2151:
2141:
2132:
2123:
2094:
2090:
2080:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2014:
2010:
2004:
1993:. Retrieved
1988:
1979:
1968:. Retrieved
1964:
1954:
1943:. Retrieved
1941:. 2021-11-28
1938:
1929:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1872:. Retrieved
1863:
1854:
1843:. Retrieved
1839:the original
1830:
1820:
1807:. Routledge.
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1779:. Routledge.
1776:
1613:(observer),
1541:
1526:
1517:
1506:Please help
1501:
1450:Strandasýsla
1438:Siglufjörður
1430:Sauðárkrókur
1418:Ólafsfjörður
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1304:
1292:
1264:
1239:
1227:
1205:to form the
1203:left parties
1200:
1175:
1161:
1146:
1138:
1130:
1116:
1088:
1059:Commonwealth
1039:
1020:
993:
978:
891:
857:, while the
836:
834:
725:
712:Sveitarfélög
711:
697:
641:Presidential
604:
562:
541:
506:
477:
435:
428:
405:
344:Headquarters
167:Constitution
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
3954:Isle of Man
3889:recognition
3836:Switzerland
3771:Netherlands
3301:Agriculture
3245:LGBT rights
3064:Earthquakes
2977:Reformation
2967:Aristocracy
2929:Prohibition
2924:Nationality
2785:Referendums
1390:Kjósarsýsla
1328:, singular
1320:, singular
1295:Hæstiréttur
1219:Geir Haarde
1174:(so-called
949:Independent
722:Localities
698:Landshlutar
471:Legislature
384:Chief judge
157:Polity type
3806:San Marino
3766:Montenegro
3746:Luxembourg
3726:Kazakhstan
3629:Azerbaijan
3513:Television
3483:Mass media
3478:Literature
3400:Icelanders
3395:Healthcare
3318:(currency)
3255:Parliament
3165:Localities
3129:Waterfalls
2952:Settlement
2423:1959 (Oct)
2418:1959 (Jun)
2393:1942 (Oct)
2388:1942 (Jul)
2333:1916 (Oct)
2328:1916 (Aug)
1995:2022-03-10
1970:2022-03-10
1945:2022-03-10
1845:2019-07-21
1812:References
1382:Ísafjörður
1342:Árnessýsla
1330:kaupstaður
1326:kaupstaðir
1223:Þingvellir
1179:government
1141:) and the
1068:unicameral
1008:government
879:government
759:in Iceland
754:of Iceland
726:Kaupstaðir
429:Government
352:Ministries
198:Unicameral
68:newspapers
3944:Gibraltar
3741:Lithuania
3410:Languages
3390:Education
3354:Transport
3339:Outvasion
3265:President
3220:Elections
3160:Farthings
3143:Political
3124:Volcanoes
3094:Highlands
3040:Geography
2160:cite news
2064:(1): 22.
2058:Religions
2039:158256950
2031:2047-8852
1426:Reykjavík
1398:Mýrasýsla
1394:Kópavogur
1362:Dalasýsla
1307:8 regions
1004:executive
981:President
939:President
887:judiciary
851:president
769:Cod Wars
634:Elections
598:Judiciary
530:Executive
347:Reykjavík
299:Currently
274:Appointer
264:Currently
232:Appointer
212:Reykjavík
135:Icelandic
3995:Category
3964:Svalbard
3949:Guernsey
3896:Abkhazia
3866:Scotland
3821:Slovenia
3816:Slovakia
3791:Portugal
3649:Bulgaria
3548:Category
3415:Religion
3380:Abortion
3344:Taxation
3250:Military
3193:Politics
3155:Counties
3134:Wildlife
3089:Glaciers
3012:Cod Wars
3007:Cold War
3002:Invasion
2944:Timeline
2919:Military
2914:Economic
2906:By topic
2889:articles
1868:Archived
1748:See also
1647:Interpol
1643:Intelsat
1639:Inmarsat
1386:Keflavík
1338:Akureyri
1277:and the
1267:election
1108:Keflavík
1106:base in
1070:system.
1063:Suffrage
1006:part of
883:Althingi
847:republic
694:Regions
450:Taxation
3856:England
3846:Ukraine
3796:Romania
3756:Moldova
3714:Ireland
3709:Iceland
3704:Hungary
3694:Germany
3689:Georgia
3679:Finland
3674:Estonia
3669:Denmark
3654:Croatia
3639:Belgium
3634:Belarus
3624:Austria
3619:Armenia
3614:Andorra
3609:Albania
3532:Outline
3468:Cuisine
3430:Culture
3368:Society
3349:Tourism
3306:Banking
3289:Economy
3210:Cabinet
3175:Regions
3119:Valleys
3099:Islands
3084:Geology
3079:Forests
3059:Climate
3052:Natural
2992:Kingdom
2897:History
2885:Iceland
1378:Húsavík
1334:Akranes
1133:), the
1125:by the
1047:Alþingi
1042:Althing
1012:Althing
998:is the
924:Office
893:Iceland
853:is the
585:Cabinet
487:Speaker
479:Althing
310:Cabinet
188:Althing
82:scholar
3959:Jersey
3901:Kosovo
3841:Turkey
3831:Sweden
3811:Serbia
3801:Russia
3786:Poland
3781:Norway
3761:Monaco
3731:Latvia
3699:Greece
3684:France
3659:Cyprus
3553:Portal
3458:Cinema
3438:Anthem
3324:Energy
3316:Króna
3114:Rivers
3074:Fjords
2934:Rulers
2887:
2037:
2029:
1989:mbl.is
1707:UNESCO
1703:UNCTAD
1318:sýslur
1273:, the
1166:, the
1052:Danish
1044:" or "
933:Since
930:Party
885:. The
336:Leader
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
3934:Åland
3871:Wales
3826:Spain
3751:Malta
3721:Italy
3539:Index
3508:Sport
3493:Names
3488:Music
3453:Chess
3420:Women
3104:Lakes
2035:S2CID
1711:UNMIK
1619:IFRCS
1322:sýsla
1261:2020s
1177:Viðey
1158:1990s
927:Name
865:in a
289:Title
254:Title
89:JSTOR
75:books
3473:Flag
2843:2010
2827:2012
2822:2011
2817:2010
2812:1944
2807:1933
2802:1918
2797:1916
2792:1908
2776:2022
2771:2018
2766:2014
2761:2010
2756:2006
2751:2002
2746:1998
2741:1994
2736:1990
2731:1986
2726:1982
2721:1978
2716:1974
2711:1970
2706:1966
2701:1962
2696:1958
2691:1954
2686:1950
2681:1946
2676:1942
2671:1938
2666:1934
2661:1930
2643:2024
2638:2020
2633:2016
2628:2012
2623:2008
2618:2004
2613:2000
2608:1996
2603:1992
2598:1988
2593:1984
2588:1980
2583:1976
2578:1972
2573:1968
2568:1964
2563:1960
2558:1956
2553:1952
2548:1949
2543:1945
2538:1944
2519:Next
2513:2021
2508:2017
2503:2016
2498:2013
2493:2009
2488:2007
2483:2003
2478:1999
2473:1995
2468:1991
2463:1987
2458:1983
2453:1979
2448:1978
2443:1974
2438:1971
2433:1967
2428:1963
2413:1956
2408:1953
2403:1949
2398:1946
2383:1937
2378:1934
2373:1933
2368:1931
2363:1930
2358:1927
2353:1926
2348:1923
2343:1922
2338:1919
2323:1914
2318:1911
2313:1908
2308:1903
2303:1902
2298:1900
2293:1894
2288:1892
2283:1886
2278:1880
2273:1874
2268:1869
2263:1864
2258:1858
2253:1852
2248:1844
2172:help
2027:ISSN
1876:2021
1743:WTrO
1735:WIPO
1691:OSCE
1687:OPCW
1683:OECD
1667:NATO
1663:ITUC
1603:ICRM
1595:ICCt
1591:ICAO
1587:IBRD
1583:IAEA
1575:EFTA
1567:EBRD
1563:EAPC
1555:CBSS
1170:and
1117:The
1104:NATO
1100:U.S.
1055:king
835:The
392:Seat
369:Name
316:Name
194:Type
184:Name
61:news
3448:Art
3235:Law
2109:hdl
2099:doi
2066:doi
2019:doi
1917:doi
1739:WMO
1731:WHO
1727:WEU
1723:WCO
1719:UPU
1715:UNU
1695:PCA
1679:NIB
1675:NEA
1659:ITU
1655:ISO
1651:IOC
1635:IMO
1631:IMF
1627:ILO
1623:IHO
1615:IFC
1611:IEA
1607:IDA
1599:ICC
1579:FAO
1571:ECE
1551:BIS
1510:by
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