164:(critical interrogation)—was seen by many as anti-democratic and thus a traitor to Athens due to his associations with Critias and Alcibiades (the former a Spartan supported tyrant, the latter a deserter to Sparta) and his frequent praises of the Spartan and Creten governments because of their similarity to many of his philosophical opinions on government. The prevailing political climate of distrusting anything remotely anti-Athens or anti-democracy coupled with attacks from Socrates's personal enemies led to the philosopher's execution by poison in 399 B.C.E.
129:
157:. The war concluded with an Athenian defeat and several years of oppression by pro-Spartan rulers. By 399 B.C.E, Athens had returned to self-rule through revolution. At this time, Athens was undergoing social turmoil due to the apparent failure of democracy as an effective form of government, which created a public backlash against anything anti-democratic.
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were ultimately shown to be largely incorrect. Politics? It’s enough to make your blood boil. There are not many subjects that are more divisive than this one, especially in this day and age. With both sides of the aisle talking and arguing all the time, it’s no wonder that all of us are stressed and
202:
Depending on the nature of the thoughts (if they are considered controversial or extreme), the emotional reaction can range from nothing to a highly violent state. Accordingly, controversial issues in the public eye are usually accompanied by or can even produce a polarizing political climate. For
231:
of the population in question. Opinion polls conduct series of questions and then extrapolate the average opinion of the sample according to their answers. However, opinion polls generally have appreciative margins of error because of the inability to survey the entire population and the
198:
is the aggregate logical thoughts that the public thinks and expresses about an issue (which does not have to be political in nature), while political climate is what the public's emotional reaction to those logical thoughts are.
194:, around 1588 C.E. It is generally used to describe the overall opinion of the public body about a certain issue. The phrase is commonly used interchangeably with political climate but the two actually refer to separate concepts.
77:, which was first used to describe a region's prevailing weather conditions around 1314. One of the first recorded uses of climate as a description of prevailing political attitudes was in The Vanity of Dogmatizing by
267:, indicated a landslide victory for Dewey when, in fact, Truman was the victor in a close election and kept the presidency. 2016 saw the validity of opinion polls enter the debate once more, as polls in both the UK "
25:
is the aggregate mood and opinions of a political society at a particular time. It is generally used to describe when the state of mood and opinion is changing or unstable. The phrase has origins from both
276:
at each other’s throats. One way to avoid this is to try and live a more quiet life, and this has never seemed more desirable than it does today. Polls widely predicted a win for
45:
and public reactions to political actions in various forms, the naming of the concept by the addition of the modifier "political" to the base "climate" has been fairly recent.
268:
511:
599:
565:
236:
estimated in 2006 that the average margin of error is about 3-5% in opinion polls because of a wide variety of potential inaccuracies such as
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Opinion polls are also known to be entirely incorrect when predicting the outcome of certain events. The best-known example of this is the
227:
is a survey of public opinion from a particular group of people or sample. For determining the political climate, this usually would be a
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665:"Plato". Classics of Moral and Political Theory. Ed. Michael L. Morgan. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 2005. Print.
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272:
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As for judging what the climate is at any given time, there is no way to know an entire country's views on certain subjects. So,
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brought a controversial issue into the public sphere, which resulted in such a drastic change in the political climate of the
101:
which referred to both a Greek city state, and the ideal state or government. Over time, this evolved through the Latin noun
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653:
Bishop, George. The
Illusion of Public Opinion. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2005. Print.
550:
519:
591:
248:
683:
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Bagby, Laurie. Political
Thought: A Guide to The Classics. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Group, 2002. 3. Print.
688:
650:
Bagby, Laurie. Political
Thought: A Guide to the Classics. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Group, 2002. Print.
439:
405:
359:
70:
512:"Prop. 8: Protesters on both sides of gay-marriage issue make their views known outside courthouse"
698:
656:
Lewis, Justin. Constructing Public
Opinion. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2001. Print.
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410:
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improbability of surveying a perfectly random cross-section of the population. For example, the
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418:
372:
133:
662:
Thucydides. The
History of the Peloponnesian War. Gutenberg: Project Gutenberg, 2009. eBook.
465:
Thucydides. The
History of the Peloponnesian War. Gutenburg: Project Gutenburg, 2009. eBook.
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Moore, David. The
Superpollsters. 2nd. New York, NY: Four Walls Eight Windows, 1995. Print.
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8:
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146:
123:
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Glanville, Joseph. The Vanity of
Dogmatizing. London: H. Eversden, 1661. 227. eBook.
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are used to estimate what the political climate "feels" like on a regular basis.
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Socrates—the self-described "gadfly" of Athens because of his practice of
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as to produce many protests throughout the nation, some of them violent.
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which is defined as the civil government, to the Middle French adjective
433:
399:
353:
317:
264:
208:
187:
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183:
49:
is also widely used incorrectly as a synonym for political climate.
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Mercer, Andrew; Deane, Claudia; McGeeney, Kyley (9 November 2016).
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145:
From 431 B.C.E to 404 B.C.E., ancient Greece was torn apart by the
42:
312:
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566:"How the pollsters got the US election wrong - just like Brexit"
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which is the state of government, or relating to government.
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391:
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example, the introduction, passing, and court fight over
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in 1661 where he mentions "divers
Climates of Opinions".
487:. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 2002. Print.
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592:"Yoga Can Help Navigate Almost Any Political Climate"
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suffix) comes originally from the ancient Greek noun
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564:
551:Gallup Brain: Strom Thurmond and the 1948 Election
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398:
352:
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73:, the base climate comes from the Middle French
498:The International Encyclopedia of Communication
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41:has been used historically to describe both
623:"Why 2016 election polls missed their mark"
178:The phrase originates from the French term
259:. Major polling organizations, including
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127:
16:Collective mood of a society's politics
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509:
117:
553:". Gallup, Inc. (December 17, 2002).
453:participating institution membership
419:participating institution membership
373:participating institution membership
282:Republican candidate Donald J. Trump
278:Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton
563:Millward, David (9 November 2016).
251:, in which the prediction was that
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37:While the concept of a political
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249:1948 US presidential election
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440:Oxford English Dictionary
406:Oxford English Dictionary
360:Oxford English Dictionary
71:Oxford English Dictionary
273:US presidential election
112:
445:Oxford University Press
411:Oxford University Press
365:Oxford University Press
186:, the father of modern
485:The Trials of Socrates
142:
534:Grading the Pollsters
271:" referendum and the
134:The Death of Socrates
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496:Donsbach, Wolfgang.
255:would easily defeat
684:Political geography
627:Pew Research Center
540:, 16 November 2006.
538:Wall Street Journal
443:(Online ed.).
409:(Online ed.).
363:(Online ed.).
234:Wall Street Journal
139:Jacques-Louis David
549:Crabtree, Steve. "
192:French Renaissance
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118:Historical example
689:Political science
516:Los Angeles Times
451:(Subscription or
417:(Subscription or
371:(Subscription or
308:Peloponnesian War
286:Electoral College
147:Peloponnesian War
124:Trial of Socrates
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174:Public opinion
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339:References
318:Alcibiades
209:California
188:Skepticism
400:"politic"
354:"climate"
323:Montaigne
184:Montaigne
107:politique
103:politicus
93:with the
85:Political
60:Etymology
679:Politics
600:Archived
596:ULU Yoga
303:Socrates
292:See also
284:won the
162:elenchos
149:between
43:politics
434:"polis"
313:Critias
298:Climate
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269:Brexit
261:Gallup
155:Sparta
151:Athens
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
