745:
1362:
government supporters, some of whom were sworn in by the president—a strong partisan of PiS himself, who made no effort to stand in the government's way—in a rushed, middle-of-the-night ceremony. The national legislature was likewise turned into a rubber-stamp body through routine side-stepping of parliamentary procedure.
1361:
Lacking the two-thirds of majority needed to change the constitution outright, as
Hungary's government had done several years earlier, PiS sought to accomplish the same goal through ordinary legislation. When the Constitutional Tribunal objected, its rulings were ignored until it could be packed with
358:
demanded an explanation from the Polish government concerning the granting of
Schengen visas by Poland and stated that they expect a response to be given within two weeks. The initial response from the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs was deemed inadequate and to have not answered all the requested
116:
Polish consulates are alleged to have received from the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs lists of names who were to be issued entry visas to Poland without further checks. Immigrants with visas issued in this way travelled first to Poland before moving on to other Schengen Area countries, the United
737:
128:
Statisticians estimated that up to 350,000 visas may have been illegally issued in return for bribes since 2021 in India, The
Philippines, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, UAE, Qatar, and elsewhere. The visas were openly advertised on social media platforms such as
197:), by late 2022 approximately 80,000 Polish beneficiary visa recipients were not currently working nor conducting business practices within Poland. In 2021, almost 150,000 of these visa-holders were not registered with the ZUS, despite having a valid work visa.
1436:
Partisan discourse and hate speech are still the rule within state-owned media, which have been transformed into government propaganda mouthpieces. Their new directors tolerate neither opposition nor neutrality from employees and fire those who refuse to
113:, involves potential migrants paying an intermediary and then being granted visas more quickly than usual and with only cursory checks. As Poland is a member of the Schengen Area, a recipient of a Polish visa can move on to other Schengen Area countries.
1074:
582:
305:
said he was awaiting the results of an investigation before commenting but that "at least some of the information in the media is untrue". Zbigniew Rau responded that he thought the claims were "vastly exaggerated".
1393:
650:
1687:
225:
ruling party has long espoused a strong anti-immigrant rhetoric, frequently claiming that Poland would be overrun by illegal immigrants if the opposition came to power. The scandal at the time was said by
613:
1744:
1592:
1623:
1044:
784:
1243:
869:
1657:
811:
1497:
1270:
842:
1561:
426:
526:
168:, officially almost 700,000 in total. Work visas accounted for almost 3/5 of all visas given out by Poland, and Poland gave out every third work visa in the entire European Union.
1217:
1066:
1527:
578:
1014:
703:
1104:
681:
492:
148:
issued 784,173 visas to individuals from 65 countries (including 1,481 visas issued to people from countries other than
Belarus, Russia and Ukraine) with the assistance of a
556:
1406:
On
January 7, 2016, the amendment of the Radio and Television Act of December 29, 1992 was signed into law, enabling the conservative government to control the state media.
581:[Scandal at the MFA, MP's with another check. Rzeczpospolita: intermediary with connections in the resort has been charged] (in Polish). TVN24. 11 September 2023.
646:
272:, claiming that " did nothing wrong, he wanted to help people regardless of their political affiliation and paid the highest price for it" and that "he is not a briber".
901:
1679:
984:
463:
268:
On 14 September, Wawrzyk was hospitalized in a life-threatening condition after what was believed to be a suicide attempt. He reportedly mentioned the scandal in a
1155:
605:
325:
mouthpiece for the ruling party since controversial media legislation was passed shortly after they took power, focused on other issues, such as the spike in
1471:
1736:
1307:
1582:
1613:
1036:
1182:
780:
1239:
865:
275:
The Polish government cancelled its contracts with private companies for visa processing and fired the head of its legal and compliance department.
1645:
807:
1493:
1266:
834:
927:
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418:
518:
152:-based company. Szczerba further claimed that those issued visas include people who were previously pushed back from the border during the
1127:
261:
August, has been accused of playing a key role in the scheme, with his dismissal believed to be related to the scandal. Foreign
Minister
1812:
1209:
1807:
1519:
1006:
711:
1782:
1096:
740:[Polish embassy in Belarus generously granted visas. Citizens of 65 countries received them. Through a company in Russia].
677:
484:
282:
detained
Wawrzyk and charged him with accepting bribes. He was released on a 100,000 PLN bail, denying involvement in the scandal.
153:
548:
1069:[Piotr Warzyk, former deputy minister of foreign affairs, has landed in hospital. Media: His condition is very serious].
243:
213:'s aides and one of the key persons in the scheme, decided to testify against his colleagues in return for a reduced sentence.
1792:
1387:
957:
891:
392:
329:
86:
980:
680:[Visagate. There is a statement from the national prosecution office] (in Polish). Polsat News. 8 September 2023.
449:
1375:
231:
1739:[In Uganda they are protesting in front of the Polish consulate. "I sold land, in order to get to Poland"].
579:"Afera w MSZ, posłowie z kolejną kontrolą. "Rzeczpospolita": pośrednik ze znajomościami w resorcie usłyszał zarzuty"
1797:
78:
1067:"Piotr Wawrzyk, były wiceminister spraw zagranicznych, trafił do szpitala. Media: Jego stan jest bardzo poważny"
1802:
1293:
1787:
366:, Uganda protested in front of the Polish consulate due to not receiving visas they previously had paid for.
326:
279:
239:
178:
738:"Polska ambasada na Białorusi hojnie wydawała wizy. Dostali je obywatele 65 krajów. Poprzez firmę z Rosji"
551:["Wawrzyk's filmmakers" and the great visagate in the MFA. "The long arms of PiS"] (in Polish).
1423:
552:
348:
125:
film crews. People reportedly paid up to $ 45,000 for a Polish visa and transfer to the United States.
1007:"Poland is shaken by reports that consular officials took bribes to help migrants enter Europe and US"
234:, as opposition parties had said that the Law and Justice party was complicit. The lost votes for its
144:
revealed alleged documents from the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs indicating that the Polish embassy in
1419:
1267:"A cash-for visas scandal hits Poland's strongly anti-migration government, weeks before elections"
808:"A cash-for visas scandal hits Poland's strongly anti-migration government, weeks before elections"
222:
206:
1620:
Visagate in Poland. The chancellor of
Germany threatens border controls. Appeals to the government
923:
1777:
110:
209:. None of them were state officials. Edgar K., one of former Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs
1772:
340:
1737:"W Ugandzie protestują przed polskim konsulatem. "Sprzedałem ziemię, by dostać się do Polski""
235:
647:"'Cash-for visas' scandal hits Poland's anti-migration government ahead of October election"
227:
8:
1444:"Towards illiberal conditioning? New politics of media regulations in Poland (2015–2018)"
355:
1682:[Visagate. The European Commission expects additional information from Poland].
1522:[The whole of Poland is talking about visagate. Meanwhile TVP's "The News"...].
1156:"Poland anti-corruption agency detains former minister for role in visa payment scandal"
97:
countries or for North America. According to critics, up to 350,000 visas may have been
1463:
1352:
347:
blamed Poland for the increased immigration to Germany and has threatened to reinstate
254:
1648:[The European Commission reacts to "visagate" in Poland. There is a message],
1183:"Były wiceminister spraw zagranicznych zatrzymany przez CBA. Nie przyznał się do winy"
164:
In 2022, Poland gave out the largest amount of "initial stay" visas within the entire
141:
1615:
Afera wizowa w Polsce. Kanclerz Niemiec grozi kontrolami na granicy. Apeluje do rządu
1467:
1383:
1356:
74:
1442:
Surowiec, Paweł; Kania-Lundholm, Magdalena; Winiarska-Brodowska, Małgorzata (2020).
1455:
1443:
1342:
1160:
1097:"Visas-for-bribes scandal rocks Poland's anti-immigrant government before election"
310:
90:
1459:
781:"Afera wizowa. Pracuje u nas mniej osób, niż ma wizy, reszta mogła wyjechać dalej"
1037:"Polish visa row heats up as opposition claims government knew of irregularities"
949:
459:
291:
50:
26:
384:
265:
was also claimed by opposition members to have given his consent to the scheme.
1817:
1557:
295:
165:
137:
1766:
1347:
1330:
706:[Visagate in the MFA Recordings with permits have flooded the net.].
314:
250:
210:
205:
Seven people were initially charged, with three being placed under temporary
94:
837:[Visagate. Edgar K. collaborates and burdens his work colleagues].
302:
269:
262:
118:
1680:"Afera wizowa. Komisja Europejska oczekuje od Polski kolejnych informacji"
950:"Poland: Government under pressure over escalating cash for visas scandal"
1441:
344:
298:
82:
1646:"Komisja Europejska reaguje na "aferę wizową" w Polsce. Jest komunikat"
1210:"Poland's government under fire after reports of cash-for-visas scheme"
835:"Afera wizowa. Edgar K. idzie na współpracę i obciąża współpracowników"
98:
343:
demanded an explanation from the Polish government. German chancellor
1653:
1494:"Polish opposition calls for answers as cash for visas scandal grows"
419:"Wawrzyk, Bollywood i specsłużby USA. Ujawniamy kulisy afery wizowej"
333:
122:
1298:
766:
After Germany (540,000 visas) and followed by Spain (460,000 visas).
294:, responded in a statement blaming the leader of the opposition and
1132:
924:"Poland's ruling party under pressure over broadening visa scandal"
549:""Filmowcy Wawrzyka" i wielka afera wizowa w MSZ. "Ośmiornica PiS""
188:
1520:"Cała Polska mówi o aferze wizowej. Tymczasem "Wiadomości" TVP..."
1335:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
519:"Seven charged in Polish visa irregularity probe, prosecutor says"
1740:
649:. South China Morning Post. Associated Press. 15 September 2023.
363:
301:
accusing him of "falsehoods" and "unrelated findings". President
1240:"Cash-for visas scandal hits Poland's anti-migration government"
866:"Cash-for-visa scandal hits Polish ruling party before election"
606:"Cash-For-Visa Scandal Hits Polish Ruling Party Before Election"
896:
710:(in Polish). Onet Wiadomości. 14 September 2023. Archived from
149:
130:
1303:
177:) and Wyborcza Magazine and based in data from Poland's state
318:
145:
1709:
1550:"Afera wizowa. MSW Niemiec domaga się wyjaśnień od Warszawy"
1411:
290:
The Polish prosecutor's office, headed by Justice Minister
171:
According to calculations from the Lewiatan Confederation (
1552:[Visagate. MFA of Germany demand an explanation],
1589:
Olaf Scholz blames Poland for bigger migration to Germany
1128:"Former Polish minister arrested in cash-for-visas probe"
704:"Afera wizowa w MSZ. Nagrania z pozwoleniami zalały sieć"
1622:] (in Polish), Business Insider, 24 September 2023,
1591:] (in Polish), Business Insider, 24 September 2023,
1380:
Ethnicity, Gender, and Diversity: Law and Justice on TV
1294:"Polish investigation into alleged cash for visas case"
351:
at the border between the two Schengen zone countries.
1584:
Olaf Scholz wini Polskę za większą migrację do Niemiec
487:[10 facts that must be known about visagate].
456:
Visagate. Poland has begun to threaten its neighbours.
485:"10 faktów na temat afery wizowej, które trzeba znać"
238:
was said to potentially transfer even further to the
678:"Afera wizowa. Jest komunikat prokuratury krajowej"
93:. The majority of recipients left Poland for other
735:
1264:
892:"Polish government hit by cash-for-visas scandal"
805:
491:(in Polish). Onet Wiadomości. 14 September 2023.
1764:
1378:. In Robson, Peter; Schulz, Jennifer L. (eds.).
447:
109:The alleged scheme, which was uncovered through
981:"What we know about the visa scandal in Poland"
863:
696:
451:Afera wizowa. Polska zaczęła zagrażać sąsiadom
1207:
672:
670:
668:
1643:
1073:(in Polish). Radio Eska. 15 September 2023.
774:
772:
731:
729:
477:
336:, or avoided reporting the news altogether.
192:
182:
172:
978:
603:
416:
58:
34:
1376:"Polish Productions about Polish Problems"
1291:
1242:. The Jamaica Gleamer. 15 September 2023.
665:
641:
639:
637:
635:
633:
631:
417:Stankiewicz, Andrzej (14 September 2023).
412:
410:
249:Former Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs
1346:
1331:"Poland: A Case of Top-Down Polarization"
1328:
1322:
1125:
778:
769:
726:
512:
510:
1373:
736:Andrzej Grochowina (19 September 2023).
604:Skolimowski, Piotr (16 September 2023).
516:
321:-owned print media), which had become a
1265:Monika Ścisłowska (14 September 2023).
806:Monika Ścisłowska (14 September 2023).
628:
407:
1765:
1747:from the original on 25 September 2023
1690:from the original on 25 September 2023
1677:
1660:from the original on 26 September 2023
1626:from the original on 24 September 2023
1595:from the original on 24 September 2023
1564:from the original on 21 September 2023
1530:from the original on 20 September 2023
1500:from the original on 17 September 2023
1474:from the original on 26 September 2023
1396:from the original on 26 September 2023
1310:from the original on 20 September 2023
1273:from the original on 15 September 2023
1246:from the original on 18 September 2023
1220:from the original on 20 September 2023
1107:from the original on 20 September 2023
1077:from the original on 19 September 2023
1047:from the original on 26 September 2023
1017:from the original on 27 September 2023
987:from the original on 20 September 2023
960:from the original on 18 September 2023
930:from the original on 20 September 2023
926:. Financial Times. 19 September 2023.
904:from the original on 18 September 2023
872:from the original on 20 September 2023
845:from the original on 22 September 2023
814:from the original on 19 September 2023
787:from the original on 27 September 2023
779:Pawłowska, Danuta (9 September 2023).
748:from the original on 26 September 2023
653:from the original on 18 September 2023
616:from the original on 26 September 2023
585:from the original on 15 September 2023
559:from the original on 15 September 2023
529:from the original on 18 September 2023
507:
495:from the original on 19 September 2023
466:from the original on 26 September 2023
429:from the original on 14 September 2023
395:from the original on 14 September 2023
382:
376:
232:the upcoming election in November 2023
900:. Deutsche Welle. 15 September 2023.
684:from the original on 9 September 2023
387:[What is the visa scandal?].
77:concerning alleged corruption in the
1678:Mincer, Tomasz (22 September 2023).
1153:
864:Bloomberg News (16 September 2023).
517:Charlish, Alan (14 September 2023).
154:Belarus–European Union border crisis
1734:
1208:Wojciech Kość (11 September 2023).
832:
194:Europejskiego Urzędu Statystycznego
13:
1644:Piotr Drabik (20 September 2023),
1426:from the original on 21 April 2020
1126:Starcevic, Seb (18 January 2024).
341:German Ministry of Foreign Affairs
117:States, or other countries of the
14:
1829:
1813:Immigration to the European Union
979:Rob Schmitz (18 September 2023).
1808:Immigration to the United States
1382:. Lexington Books. p. 123.
1374:Zawadzka, Z (17 December 2018).
1292:Liam Nolan (18 September 2023).
1154:Wong, Ashley (18 January 2024).
385:"Na czym polega "afera wizowa"?"
1783:September 2023 events in Poland
1728:
1702:
1671:
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1606:
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216:
184:Zakładu Ubezpieczeń Społecznych
1686:(in Polish). Dziennik Polska.
1496:. Reuters. 15 September 2023.
810:. ABC News. Associated Press.
597:
571:
541:
441:
121:, posing as tourist groups or
1:
1460:10.1080/21599165.2019.1608826
369:
280:Central Anticorruption Bureau
159:
104:
1793:Political scandals in Poland
1189:(in Polish). 17 January 2024
309:Polish state media (such as
285:
230:to have hurt its chances in
179:Social Insurance Institution
23:Polish cash-for-visa scandal
7:
1526:. Onet. 14 September 2023.
221:The right wing nationalist
87:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
85:by officials of the Polish
10:
1834:
1329:Tworzecki, Hubert (2019).
200:
1735:ŁGa (25 September 2023).
1420:Reporters without borders
833:ŁGa (22 September 2023).
332:on the Italian island of
1348:10.1177/0002716218809322
744:(in Polish). Gazeta.pl.
1798:European migrant crisis
278:On 17 January 2024 the
111:investigative reporting
1448:East European Politics
448:Bartosz T. Wieliński,
236:United Right coalition
193:
183:
173:
136:On 19 September 2023,
101:in return for bribes.
54:
30:
16:2023 political scandal
1803:Immigration to Poland
1560:, 18 September 2023,
1103:. 15 September 2023.
1043:. 13 September 2023.
1013:. 16 September 2023.
956:. 15 September 2023.
174:Konfederacji Lewiatan
1788:Corruption in Poland
1269:. Associated Press.
868:. Luxembourg Times.
714:on 17 September 2023
228:political scientists
383:Szczęśniak, Agata.
356:European Commission
244:Confederation party
1710:"MafiaWizowa.info"
255:Mateusz Morawiecki
1389:978-1-4985-7291-0
75:political scandal
1825:
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1714:MafiaWizowa.info
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311:Telewizja Polska
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553:Rzeczypospolita
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423:Onet Wiadomości
415:
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381:
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349:border controls
292:Zbigniew Ziobro
288:
258:
253:, dismissed by
223:Law and Justice
219:
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142:Michał Szczerba
107:
89:and the Polish
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49:, also called:
46:
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1684:dziennik.pl
1650:radiozet.pl
1214:politico.eu
783:. Reuters.
359:questions.
345:Olaf Scholz
299:Donald Tusk
44:visa affair
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1193:17 January
1167:21 January
1139:21 January
370:References
362:Locals in
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160:Work visas
105:The scheme
68:visa mafia
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389:oko.press
334:Lampedusa
286:Reactions
240:far-right
207:detention
123:Bollywood
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