865:' manifestos outlined plans, respectively, to replace or reform police authorities, both parties raising concerns about the perceived lack of accountability of police authorities to the communities they served. The Conservatives proposed to replace them with a single elected individual (a 'police and crime commissioner', criticised as a model by some in policing), whilst the Liberal Democrats proposed to introduce direct elections to police authorities, whilst strengthening their powers. Following Royal Assent of the
767:. That committee then appointed the independent members from a shortlist returned by the Home Office. At least three of the police authority's independent members were magistrates. There was no difference in power or responsibility between the different types of member – there were examples of elected, independent and magistrate members chairing police authorities throughout England and Wales.
937:, the elected body that runs the Corporation. Eleven of the members of the Board — including the chair and their deputy — are elected members of the Common Council, and the other three are appointed independent members. The appointment of the Commissioner of the City of London Police is now made by the Common Council (although technically by the Monarch).
751:, which would be administrative counties, county boroughs or "combined police areas", consisting of combinations of counties and county boroughs, served by a single force, overseen by an independent "police authority". The new police authorities would consist of two-thirds elected members of county or borough councils, and one-third magistrates. Under the
727:" and thus appoint constables to "preserve the peace". Before the advent of police authorities, the regulatory bodies for police forces confined to a single borough were these watch committees, whilst those for counties from 1889 had been "standing joint committees" (after 1889 some control passed to the elected
779:
in the form of an annual grant (calculated on a proportionate basis by the Home Office to take into account the differences between the 43 forces in
England and Wales, which vary significantly in terms of population, geographical size and crime levels and trends), though police authorities could also
155:
1273:
and is made up of approximately 12-15 members, each of whom represents groups concerned with the control, operation or use of the railways. They include representatives of the railway operators, railway users (freight and passenger), employees and the appropriate government departments dealing with
844:
Ten inspection reports were published, with the majority of inspected authorities scoring 2. The inspectorates published "Learning
Lessons: An overview of the first ten joint inspections of police authorities by HMIC and the Audit Commission", outlining their findings from the first ten inspections,
762:
altered the composition of the authorities with independent members being added. Typically, a police authority was made up of seventeen members – nine elected members (who were drawn from the local authority or authorities for the force area, and would be reflective of the political makeup of those
784:
to raise additional funds. The Home Office had the power to prevent any precept increases deemed to be excessive. It was the police authority's responsibility to set the budget for the force area, which included allocating itself enough money from the overall policing budget to ensure that it can
743:
introduced major reforms to the organisation and oversight of the police in
England and Wales, following the report of the Royal Commission on the Police in 1962. The 1964 act abolished the old watch committee system which had come under severe criticism following several high-profile corruption
763:
authorities). The remaining eight members were called independent members, and were appointed from the local community for fixed terms of four years by the police authority itself - a long list, from applications received, was submitted by a committee of elected members and magistrates to the
150:
145:
140:
160:
56:
913:. Unlike the other police forces in England and Wales, where the chief officer is appointed by the locally elected police and crime commissioner, the national and international importance of the work of the Metropolitan Police means the appointment of the
1935:
1850:
1335:
917:
is still in the hands of the Home
Secretary (and constitutionally made by the Monarch), although they must "have regard to any recommendations made" by the Mayor of London since the introduction of that position in 2000.
663:. The nature and composition of police authorities has varied over time, and there are now just four dedicated "police authorities" in the United Kingdom, although the term can refer to various similar successor bodies.
481:
1597:
451:
1942:
958:
929:
since their formal establishment in 1839. Despite the introduction of police and crime commissioners in 2012, the function of the
Corporation as the police authority was retained by the
496:
491:
1728:
788:
In its annual
Policing Plan, a police authority was obliged to publish its budget for the year, as well as a value for money statement and to outline planned efficiency savings.
873:
on 22 November 2012. Many of the outgoing members of police authorities stood for the role of PCC, highlighting their successive experience in the field, and many were elected.
638:
66:
1838:
1445:
1365:
985:
with neighbouring local authorities where one forces covered more than one council area. The eight territorial police forces in
Scotland were replaced in April 2013 by
594:
702:
continue to be overseen by individual police authorities. The oversight of the two police forces serving London continues to be implemented via unique arrangements.
1318:
on matters concerning the
Ministry of Defence Police. The Committee (or its members) also has various functions in determining police misconduct and appeals cases.
2031:
1928:
804:
1348:
206:
631:
109:
1587:
571:
755:
the remaining borough police forces were abolished, and police authorities consisted of county councillors and magistrates in a ratio of two to one.
353:
930:
866:
566:
516:
78:
807:
in Wales) began a programme of inspection for police authorities in
September 2009. Inspection scores four areas of police authority capability:
2026:
1373:
624:
796:
556:
104:
982:
73:
561:
61:
1002:
759:
506:
226:
389:
914:
902:
466:
1652:
901:
to oversee the force. The MPA was replaced in
January 2012, alongside the introduction of police and crime commissioners, by the
1403:
1378:
1898:
1874:
1824:
1800:
1776:
1752:
1700:
1676:
1573:
1549:
1525:
1501:
1270:
934:
551:
368:
363:
1975:
1294:; it is made up of eight members; four are nominated by the nuclear industry, while the remaining four include the Chairman.
471:
176:
114:
99:
40:
19:
1846:
854:
526:
1459:
1366:"Learning Lessons: An overview of the first ten joint inspections of police authorities by HMIC and the Audit Commission"
1311:
358:
277:
1647:
1616:
1266:
1027:
998:
946:
691:
83:
1990:
1343:
981:
which either directly supervised the local police force where its border was conterminous with the force, or through
889:
have historically been exceptions to the national rule. The Metropolitan Police were under the direct control of the
800:
501:
267:
1714:
1116:
476:
393:
272:
130:
1307:
950:
716:
695:
612:
1724:
1315:
1287:
536:
246:
678:. Police authorities in England and Wales were abolished in November 2012, and replaced with directly elected
1995:
1336:"Joint Audit Commission and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary Police Authority Inspection Framework"
894:
870:
679:
323:
1435:
1100:
1096:
978:
196:
35:
135:
1286:, which polices nuclear power-related facilities and shipments in the United Kingdom, is overseen by the
1184:
607:
576:
338:
216:
186:
257:
2000:
1592:
1303:
1283:
1228:
1111:
922:
446:
373:
302:
1960:
1262:
990:
962:
954:
752:
683:
541:
191:
30:
2005:
1980:
1258:
898:
667:
461:
398:
378:
328:
1920:
1408:
1144:
1084:
1071:
858:
200:
241:
1464:
1080:
862:
531:
1611:
1139:
1032:
926:
886:
486:
262:
1246:
699:
456:
318:
231:
211:
715:
The introduction of police forces on a national scale in England and Wales began with the
8:
1212:
1176:
994:
882:
413:
1766:
1563:
1515:
1893:
1869:
1819:
1795:
1771:
1747:
1742:
1695:
1690:
1671:
1666:
1568:
1544:
1539:
1520:
1496:
1163:
546:
521:
1491:
1970:
1790:
1413:
1232:
1208:
1196:
1180:
1039:
671:
1124:
1076:
436:
287:
1888:
1864:
1814:
1291:
1224:
1168:
1091:
986:
910:
906:
740:
724:
687:
511:
441:
236:
221:
841:
The police authority was also given an overall score using the same 1-4 system.
666:
Until 2012/13, individual police authorities were maintained for each of the 43
181:
1965:
1469:
1219:
1204:
1192:
1156:
890:
728:
656:
292:
282:
252:
2020:
1172:
848:
659:
is a public authority that is responsible for overseeing the operations of a
403:
297:
933:. This function is currently exercised by the Police Authority Board of the
1200:
1132:
1120:
1013:
The following police forces were supervised by one single local authority:
957:
and nine are independent. The Board and the PSNI are the successors to the
660:
418:
781:
776:
764:
748:
383:
343:
333:
1188:
1128:
977:, supervision of the police was historically the responsibility of the
408:
869:
police authorities were abolished and replaced with directly elected
1950:
1865:"The Ministry of Defence Police Appeals Tribunals Regulations 2009"
1564:"Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011: Schedule 16"
1440:
1152:
974:
734:
675:
1540:"Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011: Section 42"
1249:
in the United Kingdom each have different oversight arrangements.
1642:
1492:"Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011: Section 1"
720:
1719:
1261:, a privately funded police force responsible for policing the
1148:
817:
Achieving results through community engagement and partnerships
1057:
The following police forces were supervised by a joint board:
682:, and those in Scotland were merged in April 2013 to form the
1815:"The Ministry of Defence Police (Committee) Regulations 2009"
1104:
1916:
Website of the Association of Police and Crime Commissioners
1889:"The Ministry of Defence Police (Conduct) Regulations 2009"
1044:
1915:
849:
2012: abolition of police authorities in England and Wales
595:
Police and Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1989
909:, and reporting to the Police and Crime Committee of the
1691:"Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003: Schedule 4"
1667:"Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003: Section 18"
893:
from their establishment in 1829 until 2000, when the
1610:
1436:"Tories' elected police commissioner plan criticised"
1791:"Ministry of Defence Police Act 1987: Section 1"
1516:"Greater London Authority Act 1999: Section 315"
965:
respectively, who they replaced on 4 November 2001.
1615:
572:Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014
993:, an independent public body that reports to the
482:Removal and Disposal of Vehicles Regulations 1986
354:Initial Police Learning and Development Programme
2018:
931:Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011
867:Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011
735:1964: creation of independent police authorities
567:Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011
517:Confiscation of Alcohol (Young Persons) Act 1997
2032:Local government services in the United Kingdom
1951:Local government services in the United Kingdom
1306:does not have a police authority; however, the
1936:
1297:
1277:
731:; the joint committee also had magistrates).
674:, and for the 8 territorial police forces in
632:
557:Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005
690:, the single police force for Scotland. The
1290:. The Authority was created in 2004 by the
1269:. The Authority was created in 2004 by the
1252:
562:Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005
452:The Functions of Traffic Wardens Order 1970
1943:
1929:
1839:"MOD Police Committee: terms of reference"
1617:"City of London Appoints New Commissioner"
1374:Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary
1274:transport in England, Scotland and Wales.
1003:Scottish Crime and Drug Enforcement Agency
811:Setting strategic direction and priorities
797:Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary
639:
625:
507:Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
467:Salmon & Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975
1001:, which was the police authority for the
820:Ensuring value for money and productivity
785:discharge its own functions effectively.
775:The bulk of police funding came from the
1240:
824:Each theme was scored from one to four:
710:
760:Police and Magistrates' Courts Act 1994
2019:
1731:from the original on 12 February 2015.
1271:Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003
1052:
1005:(itself merged into Police Scotland).
925:has been the police authority for the
855:2010 British general election campaign
552:Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003
369:Police Federation for Northern Ireland
364:Police Federation of England and Wales
2027:Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
1924:
959:Police Authority for Northern Ireland
903:Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime
472:Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
1853:from the original on 10 August 2014.
1308:Ministry of Defence Police Committee
705:
527:Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001
1448:from the original on 20 April 2010.
1312:Ministry of Defence Police Act 1987
1008:
940:
278:Police custody and security officer
13:
1767:"Energy Act 2004: Schedule 10"
1655:from the original on 31 July 2012.
1648:British Transport Police Authority
1600:from the original on 15 July 2021.
1267:British Transport Police Authority
1157:Na h-Eileanan Siar (Western Isles)
1028:Dumfries and Galloway Constabulary
999:Scottish Police Services Authority
953:, of which ten are members of the
947:Police Service of Northern Ireland
692:Police Service of Northern Ireland
14:
2043:
1909:
1743:"Energy Act 2004: Section 51"
1404:"The Conservative Manifesto 2010"
814:Scrutinising performance outcomes
502:Environmental Protection Act 1990
268:National Highways traffic officer
997:. The SPA also incorporated the
915:Metropolitan Police Commissioner
897:(MPA) was established under the
477:Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984
273:Police community support officer
1881:
1857:
1831:
1807:
1783:
1759:
1735:
1707:
1683:
1659:
1635:
1604:
1580:
951:Northern Ireland Policing Board
717:Municipal Corporations Act 1835
698:, and two of the three UK-wide
696:Northern Ireland Policing Board
497:Protection of Children Act 1989
492:Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988
263:National Crime Agency (officer)
1725:Civil Nuclear Police Authority
1556:
1532:
1508:
1484:
1452:
1428:
1396:
1358:
1328:
1316:Secretary of State for Defence
1288:Civil Nuclear Police Authority
871:police and crime commissioners
791:
680:police and crime commissioners
537:Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003
247:High Court enforcement officer
1:
1321:
895:Metropolitan Police Authority
324:Police and crime commissioner
949:(PSNI) is supervised by the
339:Neighbourhood policing teams
197:Civilian enforcement officer
7:
989:, which is overseen by the
968:
905:, under the control of the
686:as part of the creation of
577:Policing and Crime Act 2017
187:Certified enforcement agent
10:
2048:
1779:, 2004 c. 20 (sch. 10)
1593:City of London Corporation
1576:, 2011 c. 13 (sch. 16)
1528:, 1999 c. 29 (s. 315)
1304:Ministry of Defence Police
1298:Ministry of Defence Police
1284:Civil Nuclear Constabulary
1278:Civil Nuclear Constabulary
1112:Lothian and Borders Police
923:City of London Corporation
770:
447:Police (Scotland) Act 1967
374:Scottish Police Federation
1956:
1755:, 2004 c. 20 (s. 51)
1703:, 2003 c. 20 (sch. 4)
1679:, 2003 c. 20 (s. 18)
1552:, 2011 c. 13 (s. 42)
1263:railways of Great Britain
991:Scottish Police Authority
963:Royal Ulster Constabulary
955:Northern Ireland Assembly
876:
753:Local Government Act 1972
684:Scottish Police Authority
668:territorial police forces
542:Crime and Courts Act 2013
207:Civilian security officer
192:Civil enforcement officer
131:Territorial police forces
1588:"About Police Authority"
1504:, 2011 c. 13 (s. 1)
1259:British Transport Police
1253:British Transport Police
1066:Joint board authorities
899:Greater London Authority
462:Misuse of Drugs Act 1971
399:Police Support Volunteer
379:Police Information Point
329:Emergency control centre
1803:, 1987 c. 4 (s. 1)
1072:Central Scotland Police
979:elected local authority
935:Court of Common Council
805:Welsh Audit Commission
719:, which required each
532:Police Reform Act 2002
227:Court security officer
1899:The National Archives
1875:The National Archives
1825:The National Archives
1801:The National Archives
1777:The National Archives
1753:The National Archives
1701:The National Archives
1677:The National Archives
1612:City of London Police
1574:The National Archives
1550:The National Archives
1526:The National Archives
1502:The National Archives
1310:, established by the
1265:, is overseen by the
1247:special police forces
1241:Special police forces
1140:Northern Constabulary
1033:Dumfries and Galloway
927:City of London Police
887:City of London Police
780:set a precept on the
711:Early history to 1964
700:special police forces
589:Statutory instruments
487:Road Traffic Act 1988
201:magistrates' bailiffs
136:Special police forces
110:Uniform and equipment
22:in the United Kingdom
1614:(15 December 2010).
837:Performs excellently
457:Immigration Act 1971
319:Chief police officer
249:(High Court sheriff)
232:County court bailiff
212:Special constabulary
1847:Ministry of Defence
1472:on 22 December 2011
1416:on 26 November 2011
1384:on 20 December 2010
1354:on 5 December 2009.
1213:West Dunbartonshire
1177:East Dunbartonshire
1053:Joint police boards
995:Scottish Parliament
883:Metropolitan Police
831:Performs adequately
747:The act introduced
694:is overseen by the
414:Policing by consent
258:Immigration officer
1894:legislation.gov.uk
1870:legislation.gov.uk
1820:legislation.gov.uk
1796:legislation.gov.uk
1772:legislation.gov.uk
1748:legislation.gov.uk
1696:legislation.gov.uk
1672:legislation.gov.uk
1569:legislation.gov.uk
1545:legislation.gov.uk
1521:legislation.gov.uk
1497:legislation.gov.uk
1409:Conservative Party
1164:Strathclyde Police
859:Conservative Party
547:Licensing Act 2003
522:Terrorism Act 2000
388:Police powers in:
303:Wildlife inspector
2014:
2013:
1465:Liberal Democrats
1444:. 19 April 2010.
1238:
1237:
1233:Perth and Kinross
1209:South Lanarkshire
1197:North Lanarkshire
1181:East Renfrewshire
1117:City of Edinburgh
1050:
1049:
1040:Fife Constabulary
863:Liberal Democrats
706:England and Wales
672:England and Wales
649:
648:
409:Police 101 number
390:England and Wales
177:Accredited person
2039:
2001:Waste collection
1945:
1938:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1903:
1902:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1619:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1468:. Archived from
1456:
1450:
1449:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1412:. Archived from
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1383:
1377:. Archived from
1370:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1347:. Archived from
1344:Audit Commission
1340:
1332:
1125:Scottish Borders
1077:Clackmannanshire
1060:
1059:
1022:Local authority
1016:
1015:
1009:Single authority
941:Northern Ireland
801:Audit Commission
723:to establish a "
653:police authority
641:
634:
627:
437:Highway Act 1835
349:Police authority
16:
15:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2010:
1952:
1949:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1609:
1605:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1460:"Our Manifesto"
1458:
1457:
1453:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1300:
1292:Energy Act 2004
1280:
1255:
1243:
1169:Argyll and Bute
1092:Grampian Police
1055:
1011:
987:Police Scotland
971:
943:
911:London Assembly
907:Mayor of London
879:
851:
845:in March 2010.
828:Performs poorly
794:
773:
741:Police Act 1964
737:
725:watch committee
713:
708:
688:Police Scotland
645:
600:
599:
590:
582:
581:
512:Police Act 1996
442:Police Act 1964
432:
424:
423:
314:
253:Traffic officer
242:Customs officer
237:Custody officer
222:Chief constable
123:Types of agency
21:
20:Law enforcement
12:
11:
5:
2045:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2006:Waste disposal
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1911:
1910:External links
1908:
1905:
1904:
1901:, SI 2009/3069
1880:
1877:, SI 2009/3070
1856:
1830:
1827:, SI 2009/1609
1806:
1782:
1758:
1734:
1706:
1682:
1658:
1634:
1603:
1579:
1555:
1531:
1507:
1483:
1451:
1427:
1395:
1357:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1314:, advises the
1299:
1296:
1279:
1276:
1254:
1251:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1222:
1220:Tayside Police
1216:
1215:
1205:South Ayrshire
1193:North Ayrshire
1166:
1160:
1159:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1010:
1007:
970:
967:
942:
939:
891:Home Secretary
878:
875:
850:
847:
839:
838:
835:
832:
829:
822:
821:
818:
815:
812:
793:
790:
772:
769:
736:
733:
729:county council
712:
709:
707:
704:
657:United Kingdom
647:
646:
644:
643:
636:
629:
621:
618:
617:
616:
615:
610:
602:
601:
598:
597:
591:
588:
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
433:
430:
429:
426:
425:
422:
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74:Firearms use
1991:Social care
1627:29 December
1476:12 December
1420:12 December
1388:29 December
1229:Dundee City
857:, both the
792:Inspections
782:Council Tax
777:Home Office
765:Home Office
384:Police Oath
344:Police area
334:Home Office
146:Park police
141:Port police
2021:Categories
1715:"About us"
1643:"About us"
1322:References
1189:Inverclyde
1129:Midlothian
744:scandals.
156:Non-police
1996:Transport
1976:Libraries
1961:Education
613:Terrorism
217:Constable
92:Equipment
1981:Planning
1971:Highways
1851:Archived
1729:Archived
1653:Archived
1598:Archived
1446:Archived
1441:BBC News
1153:Shetland
1145:Highland
1085:Stirling
975:Scotland
969:Scotland
803:(or the
799:and the
676:Scotland
394:Scotland
313:Concepts
288:Tipstaff
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105:Firearms
100:Aviation
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853:In the
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721:borough
655:in the
182:Bailiff
79:History
67:defunct
41:Prisons
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1843:GOV.UK
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1149:Orkney
877:London
49:Topics
36:Courts
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1225:Angus
1105:Moray
608:Crime
161:Other
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