43:
669:
262:, the Pole of Good Government by Forza Italia and the National Alliance. After that, Lega Nord left the coalition at the end of 1994, the centre-right was forced to reform itself: in 1995, in occasion of the regional elections, an organic alliance was formed. In 1996 it was officially named "Pole for Freedoms" and debuted in the
657:
1314:
1345:
635:
1319:
650:
1309:
643:
1237:
732:
1014:
944:
589:
A Natural
Experiment on Electoral Law Reform: Evaluating the Long Run Consequences of 1990s Electoral Reform in Italy and Japan
826:
802:
720:
623:
596:
567:
533:
1231:
1190:
1138:
1079:
985:
909:
665:
1324:
1304:
1103:
844:
310:
167:
1020:
956:
796:
1073:
1061:
1049:
950:
1266:
832:
685:
1055:
962:
897:
430:
1109:
927:
868:
862:
463:
298:
294:
263:
255:
738:
1085:
1067:
921:
703:
425:
372:
223:
1243:
1144:
1091:
885:
392:
227:
219:
1249:
1225:
1026:
850:
773:
726:
352:
215:
1284:
997:
903:
779:
1290:
838:
814:
744:
691:
247:
127:
1278:
1160:
767:
383:
271:
73:
557:
1219:
1172:
1132:
1126:
973:
915:
891:
856:
697:
613:
584:
523:
358:
196:
152:
1272:
808:
750:
338:
267:
585:"Introduction: Long-Run Consequences of Electoral Rules Change: Comparing Italy and Japan"
8:
1032:
820:
398:
378:
1178:
1097:
282:
203:
199:
172:
147:
619:
592:
563:
529:
468:
403:
343:
290:
251:
162:
140:
55:
1184:
243:
188:
122:
17:
281:
The Pole for
Freedoms was in opposition to the centre-left governments (of Prodi,
1196:
967:
363:
68:
286:
1339:
231:
1166:
991:
332:
289:) until 2000, when, after the rapprochement with the Lega Nord, became the
275:
211:
50:
42:
979:
1202:
259:
582:
668:
207:
242:
The Pole for
Freedoms was formed as a continuation of the
258:: the Pole of Freedom was constituted by Forza Italy and
525:
Italy Today: Facing the
Challenges of the New Millennium
250:
coalitions, which had both supported the leadership of
591:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 21.
576:
210:, which was active from 1996 to 2000. It included
555:
1337:
587:. In Daniela Giannetti; Bernard Grofman (eds.).
521:
615:Das politische System Italiens: Eine Einführung
297:and remained in government until the following
651:
1315:Early 20th-century Italian political parties
1238:Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity
733:Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity
611:
583:Bernard Grofman; Daniela Giannetti (2011).
549:
309:It was initially composed of the following
1346:Defunct political party alliances in Italy
658:
644:
515:
41:
605:
1015:Movement for the Independence of Sicily
790:Social-democratic and liberal-socialist
1338:
1320:1950s–1990s Italian political parties
1310:19th-century Italian political groups
721:Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party
673:Historical political parties in Italy
639:
293:(CdL). The new CdL coalition won the
1080:Christian Democrats for the Republic
559:1994-2014 Berlusconi's new ventennio
910:Republican Democratic Concentration
411:
13:
1305:List of political parties in Italy
1104:Christian Democracy for Autonomies
845:Italian Democratic Socialist Party
562:. Vittorio Vandelli. p. 189.
266:; however, it was defeated by the
14:
1357:
1325:Current Italian political parties
1021:Federalists and Liberal Democrats
957:Democratic Union for the Republic
797:Italian Reformist Socialist Party
1050:Italian Catholic Electoral Union
986:Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy
951:Italian Democratic Liberal Party
667:
1267:Italian Nationalist Association
945:Constitutional Democratic Party
618:. Springer-Verlag. p. 98.
389:
369:
349:
329:
304:
1:
1110:Union of Democrats for Europe
938:Centrist and centrist liberal
863:Italian Democratic Socialists
508:
1191:Conservatives and Reformists
1139:National Democratic Alliance
739:Democratic Party of the Left
23:Political party in Italy
7:
1086:Christian Democratic Centre
704:Party of Italian Communists
373:Christian Democratic Centre
224:Christian Democratic Centre
10:
1362:
1092:United Christian Democrats
1008:Regionalist and federalist
879:Radical and social-liberal
556:Vittorio Vandelli (2014).
528:. Peter Lang. p. 58.
393:United Christian Democrats
237:
228:United Christian Democrats
15:
1300:
1259:
1232:People's Monarchist Party
1226:Monarchist National Party
1212:
1153:
1119:
1042:
1027:Federalist Italian League
1007:
937:
878:
789:
774:Federation of Green Lists
760:
713:
678:
522:Mario B. Mignone (2008).
429:
424:
421:
418:
318:
158:
146:
136:
115:
107:
82:
61:
49:
40:
28:
1285:Republican Fascist Party
998:Liberal Popular Alliance
780:Federation of the Greens
299:general election in 2006
16:Not to be confused with
1291:Italian Social Movement
839:Italian Socialist Party
833:Unified Socialist Party
827:Unitary Socialist Party
815:Labour Democratic Party
803:Unitary Socialist Party
692:Italian Communist Party
686:Proletarian Unity Party
248:Pole of Good Government
148:Political position
128:Pole of Good Government
1279:National Fascist Party
1074:Italian People's Party
1062:Italian People's Party
1056:Conservative Catholics
963:Union for the Republic
727:Italian Workers' Party
431:Senate of the Republic
384:Pier Ferdinando Casini
192:
74:Pier Ferdinando Casini
1213:National-conservative
1173:The People of Freedom
1133:Italian Liberal Party
892:Italian Radical Party
857:Democrats of the Left
698:Proletarian Democracy
612:Stefan Köppl (2007).
359:National conservatism
295:2001 general election
264:1996 general election
256:1994 general election
1154:Liberal-conservative
1120:Conservative-liberal
1043:Christian-democratic
751:Left Ecology Freedom
714:Democratic socialist
339:Liberal conservatism
232:Pannella–Sgarbi List
1145:Union of the Centre
1068:Christian Democracy
922:Democratic Alliance
821:Union of Socialists
426:Chamber of Deputies
399:Christian democracy
379:Christian democracy
274:, whose leader was
220:Union of the Centre
193:Polo per le Libertà
34:Polo per le Libertà
1244:National Democracy
1220:Common Man's Front
1179:Future and Freedom
1098:European Democracy
204:electoral alliance
1333:
1332:
1273:Combatants' Party
1250:National Alliance
851:Labour Federation
625:978-3-531-14068-1
598:978-1-4419-7228-6
569:978-605-03-2890-5
535:978-1-4331-0187-8
506:
505:
469:Silvio Berlusconi
409:
408:
404:Rocco Buttiglione
353:National Alliance
344:Silvio Berlusconi
311:political parties
291:House of Freedoms
252:Silvio Berlusconi
216:National Alliance
185:Pole for Freedoms
181:
180:
168:Political parties
163:Politics of Italy
141:House of Freedoms
137:Succeeded by
56:Silvio Berlusconi
31:Pole for Freedoms
1353:
1185:New Centre-Right
904:Social Democracy
898:Democratic Party
672:
671:
660:
653:
646:
637:
636:
630:
629:
609:
603:
602:
580:
574:
573:
553:
547:
546:
544:
542:
519:
498:
482:
416:
415:
412:Election results
316:
315:
244:Pole of Freedoms
123:Pole of Freedoms
116:Preceded by
45:
26:
25:
18:Pole of Freedoms
1361:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1296:
1255:
1208:
1197:Direction Italy
1149:
1115:
1038:
1003:
968:Italian Renewal
933:
874:
785:
756:
745:Democratic Left
709:
674:
666:
664:
634:
633:
626:
610:
606:
599:
581:
577:
570:
554:
550:
540:
538:
536:
520:
516:
511:
499:
496:
483:
480:
414:
364:Gianfranco Fini
307:
283:Massimo D'Alema
240:
177:
132:
103:
78:
69:Gianfranco Fini
36:
35:
32:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1359:
1349:
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1328:
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1312:
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1214:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1161:Economic Party
1157:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
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1037:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1011:
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1005:
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1001:
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989:
983:
977:
971:
965:
960:
954:
948:
941:
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925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
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876:
875:
873:
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866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
800:
793:
791:
787:
786:
784:
783:
777:
771:
768:Rainbow Greens
764:
762:
758:
757:
755:
754:
748:
742:
736:
730:
724:
717:
715:
711:
710:
708:
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689:
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663:
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632:
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568:
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453:
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428:
423:
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407:
406:
401:
396:
390:
387:
386:
381:
376:
370:
367:
366:
361:
356:
350:
347:
346:
341:
336:
330:
327:
326:
323:
320:
306:
303:
287:Giuliano Amato
272:The Olive Tree
239:
236:
179:
178:
176:
175:
170:
165:
159:
156:
155:
150:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
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125:
119:
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109:
105:
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102:
101:
94:
86:
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65:
63:
59:
58:
53:
47:
46:
38:
37:
33:
30:
29:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1347:
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1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
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1227:
1224:
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1218:
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1211:
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1192:
1189:
1186:
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1174:
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1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1127:Liberal Union
1125:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
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1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
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1047:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1006:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
974:The Democrats
972:
969:
966:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
942:
940:
936:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
916:Radical Party
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
883:
881:
877:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
794:
792:
788:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
765:
763:
759:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
718:
716:
712:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
683:
681:
677:
670:
661:
656:
654:
649:
647:
642:
641:
638:
627:
621:
617:
616:
608:
600:
594:
590:
586:
579:
571:
565:
561:
560:
552:
537:
531:
527:
526:
518:
514:
501:
494:
491:
488:
485:
478:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
461:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
435:
432:
427:
417:
405:
402:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
324:
321:
317:
314:
312:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
235:
233:
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225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
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174:
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154:
151:
149:
145:
142:
139:
135:
129:
126:
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118:
114:
110:
106:
99:
95:
92:
88:
87:
85:
81:
75:
72:
70:
67:
66:
64:
62:Other leaders
60:
57:
54:
52:
48:
44:
39:
27:
19:
1167:Forza Italia
992:Civic Choice
886:Action Party
809:Action Party
614:
607:
588:
578:
558:
551:
539:. Retrieved
524:
517:
333:Forza Italia
308:
280:
276:Romano Prodi
241:
212:Forza Italia
197:centre-right
184:
182:
153:Centre-right
97:
90:
1293:(1946–1995)
1287:(1943–1945)
1281:(1921–1943)
1275:(1919–1923)
1269:(1910–1923)
1260:Nationalist
1252:(1995–2009)
1246:(1977–1979)
1240:(1959–1972)
1234:(1954–1959)
1228:(1946–1959)
1222:(1946–1949)
1205:(2019–2022)
1199:(2017–2019)
1193:(2015–2017)
1187:(2013–2017)
1181:(2010–2014)
1175:(2009–2013)
1169:(1994–2009)
1163:(1919–1924)
1141:(1953–1954)
1135:(1922–1994)
1129:(1913–1922)
1112:(1999–2013)
1106:(2005–2009)
1100:(2001–2002)
1094:(1995–2002)
1088:(1994–2002)
1076:(1994–2002)
1070:(1943–1994)
1064:(1919–1926)
1058:(1913–1919)
1052:(1906–1919)
1035:(2011–2013)
1033:Great South
1029:(1995–1996)
1023:(1994–1996)
1017:(1943–1951)
1000:(2015–2018)
994:(2013–2019)
988:(2002–2007)
982:(1993–2003)
976:(1999–2002)
970:(1996–2002)
959:(1998–1999)
953:(1919–1926)
947:(1913–1919)
930:(1991–1999)
928:The Network
924:(1993–1997)
918:(1955–1989)
906:(1922–1926)
900:(1913–1919)
894:(1904–1922)
888:(1853–1867)
871:(2017–2023)
869:Article One
865:(1998–2007)
859:(1998–2007)
853:(1994–1998)
847:(1947–1998)
841:(1892–1994)
835:(1966–1969)
829:(1949–1951)
823:(1948–1949)
817:(1943–1948)
811:(1929–1947)
805:(1922–1930)
799:(1912–1926)
782:(1990–2021)
776:(1986–1990)
770:(1989–1990)
753:(2010-2016)
747:(2007–2010)
741:(1991–1998)
735:(1964–1972)
729:(1882–1892)
723:(1881–1893)
706:(1998–2014)
700:(1978–1991)
694:(1921–1991)
688:(1972–1984)
489:12,185,020
473:15,027,030
305:Composition
268:centre-left
230:(CDD), and
980:Segni Pact
509:References
214:(FI), the
1203:Cambiamo!
679:Communist
497:116 / 315
481:169 / 630
458:Position
446:Position
419:Election
322:Ideology
270:alliance
260:Lega Nord
200:political
173:Elections
108:Dissolved
1340:Category
195:) was a
91:de facto
541:24 July
422:Leader
325:Leader
254:at the
238:History
226:(CCD),
222:(UdC),
189:Italian
98:de jure
83:Founded
1082:(1998)
912:(1946)
622:
595:
566:
532:
492:37.35
476:40.09
455:Seats
449:Votes
443:Seats
437:Votes
395:(CDU)
375:(CCD)
319:Party
218:(AN),
96:1996 (
89:1995 (
51:Leader
761:Green
355:(AN)
335:(FI)
208:Italy
620:ISBN
593:ISBN
564:ISBN
543:2013
530:ISBN
502:2nd
486:1st
464:1996
285:and
246:and
202:and
183:The
111:2000
206:in
1342::
452:%
440:%
313::
301:.
278:.
234:.
191::
659:e
652:t
645:v
628:.
601:.
572:.
545:.
187:(
100:)
93:)
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
