733:
591:
770:
628:
38:
473:
as the main
Radical political outfit in Italy. After that, the List continued to be active only as an association sponsoring Radical campaigns (including Bonino List's electoral campaigns) and managing Radical assets, notably including the PR/PRT's headquarters and
469:. The new list was named after Bonino because of the popularity that the European Commissioner had acquired during her term (1995–1999) and the subsequent "Emma for President" campaign. In 2001 the LP was replaced by the newly formed
406:
the LP won 3.5% of the vote (despite not being present in some key regions), below the required threshold, but still had six deputies elected from FI lists, plus two senators. The
Radicals were not involved in Berlusconi's
380:(which would field lists for Italian elections from 1992 to 1999). In the election the LP won 1.2% of the vote, while Yes Referendum stopped at 0.8% and the newly formed Federation of the Greens 2.8%.
317:. Individual Radicals, who always had the right to "double membership" (i.e. being members of another party), joined different parties, while remaining committed members of the PR/PRT. In that year's
391:
entered the political arena in 1994, Pannella decided to form an alliance with him to start an (economically) "liberal revolution", as opposed to the conservative and
419:. The twisted relationship between Pannella and Berlusconi, whose allies included socially conservative parties opposed to the Radicals (notably including
879:
871:
864:
482:
58:
883:
875:
486:
68:
455:
1009:
958:
182:
820:
462:
424:
318:
289:. The List still functions as an association in charge of some of the Radical assets, notably including the party's headquarters and
993:
942:
915:
376:, etc.) launched the "Yes Referendum" list, while the bulk of the former PR joined Pannella and organised themselves in the
1047:
350:
218:
1042:
1037:
263:
1052:
387:
party and often proposed itself as the most extreme opposition to the
Italian political establishment, thus, when
647:
749:
712:
680:
607:
570:
538:
443:
403:
357:
306:
1057:
133:
93:
982:"Co-operation between regionalists parties at the level of the European Union: the European Free Alliance"
505:
302:
282:
432:
428:
420:
361:
188:
365:
326:
313:-level and coordinating the efforts of several national parties and groupings mainly in support of
169:
1017:
966:
436:
334:
981:
932:
905:
322:
278:
450:. In the election, during which most of the protest and libertarian votes were attracted by
408:
8:
454:, the Pannella–Sgarbi List won a mere 1.9%, resulting in the election of only a senator,
416:
384:
223:
149:
989:
938:
911:
388:
342:
338:
213:
174:
470:
286:
239:
447:
373:
860:
844:
777:
741:
704:
635:
599:
562:
475:
346:
330:
310:
290:
274:
259:
255:
142:
125:
48:
1031:
369:
411:(1994–1999), but the elected Radical deputies and senators sat with FI and
396:
314:
203:
164:
466:
412:
267:
103:
489:
were elected president and secretary of the association, respectively.
251:
138:
451:
154:
333:
launched the "Anti-prohibition List on Drugs", several joined the
392:
395:
political establishment. The LP's alliance with
Berlusconi's
115:
37:
930:
277:(who died in 2016), who had been the main leader of the
934:
Contemporary Europe: Economics, Politics, and
Society
266:between 1992 and 1999, when it was replaced by the
415:, the Radicals' number two, was appointed to the
1029:
399:(FI) was, however, controversial and temporary.
907:Das politische System Italiens: Eine Einführung
903:
984:. In Lieven De Winter; Huri Tursan (eds.).
979:
383:The PR had historically been considered a
360:the Rainbow Greens joined forces with the
281:(PR) from 1963 to 1989, and later of the
973:
897:
301:In 1989 the PR was transformed into the
1030:
786:
986:Regionalist Parties in Western Europe
497:
492:
481:After Pannella's death in May 2016,
931:Dave Edye; Valerio Lintner (1996).
924:
364:to form a full-fledged party named
13:
427:, the two Radical MEPs formed the
351:Italian Democratic Socialist Party
14:
1069:
463:1999 European Parliament election
425:1994 European Parliament election
768:
732:
731:
626:
590:
589:
431:group with MEPs from the French
258:association, which was also the
36:
910:. Springer-Verlag. p. 98.
439:'s regionalist member parties.
1010:"Statuto Lista Marco Pannella"
1002:
959:"Statuto Lista Marco Pannella"
951:
937:. Prentice Hall. p. 266.
769:
627:
1:
890:
853:
465:, the LP was replaced by the
423:), soon ended. Following the
319:European Parliament election
94:Antiprohibitionists on Drugs
18:Political party in Italy
7:
1048:Federalist parties in Italy
303:Transnational Radical Party
283:Transnational Radical Party
10:
1074:
296:
113:Via di Torre Argentina, 76
988:. Routledge. p. 20.
646:
504:
429:European Radical Alliance
362:Federation of Green Lists
209:
196:
189:European Radical Alliance
183:European Parliament group
181:
160:
148:
132:
121:
109:
99:
89:
74:
64:
54:
44:
35:
23:
1043:Radical parties in Italy
1038:Liberal parties in Italy
478:, the party's FM radio.
446:Pannella teamed up with
378:Pannella Clubs' Movement
366:Federation of the Greens
349:was a candidate for the
273:Its standard-bearer was
1053:Libertarianism in Italy
170:Pole of Good Government
150:Political position
648:Senate of the Republic
437:European Free Alliance
368:, and other Radicals (
321:, Pannella ran in the
243:
904:Stefan Köppl (2007).
461:In the run-up of the
444:1996 general election
404:1994 general election
358:1992 general election
356:In the run-up of the
980:Peter Lynch (1998).
161:National affiliation
1058:Libertarian parties
787:European Parliament
506:Chamber of Deputies
417:European Commission
809:overall seats won
669:overall seats won
527:overall seats won
498:Italian Parliament
995:978-1-134-71201-4
944:978-0-13-355827-2
917:978-3-531-14068-1
851:
850:
784:
783:
642:
641:
493:Electoral results
421:National Alliance
389:Silvio Berlusconi
343:Adelaide Aglietta
339:Francesco Rutelli
232:
231:
219:Political parties
214:Politics of Italy
175:Pole for Freedoms
100:Succeeded by
1065:
1022:
1021:
1020:on 27 June 2014.
1016:. Archived from
1006:
1000:
999:
977:
971:
970:
969:on 27 June 2014.
965:. Archived from
955:
949:
948:
928:
922:
921:
901:
834:
791:
790:
772:
771:
763:
735:
734:
726:
694:
644:
643:
630:
629:
621:
593:
592:
584:
552:
502:
501:
471:Italian Radicals
435:and some of the
409:first government
385:left-libertarian
287:Italian Radicals
264:Italian Radicals
202:
192:
90:Preceded by
85:
83:
40:
21:
20:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1014:www.radicali.it
1008:
1007:
1003:
996:
978:
974:
963:www.radicali.it
957:
956:
952:
945:
929:
925:
918:
902:
898:
893:
856:
847:
840:
835:
832:
808:
803:
798:
789:
780:
773:
764:
761:
744:
737:
727:
724:
707:
700:
695:
692:
668:
663:
658:
638:
631:
622:
619:
602:
595:
585:
582:
575:1,359,283 (#8)
565:
558:
553:
550:
526:
521:
516:
500:
495:
448:Vittorio Sgarbi
374:Massimo Teodori
309:working at the
299:
228:
200:
187:
173:
168:
141:
114:
81:
79:
31:
30:
27:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1071:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1024:
1023:
1001:
994:
972:
950:
943:
923:
916:
895:
894:
892:
889:
888:
887:
886:(2016–present)
880:Maurizio Turco
872:Maurizio Turco
868:
867:(2016–present)
865:Maurizio Turco
861:Marco Pannella
855:
852:
849:
848:
845:Marco Pannella
843:
841:
838:
836:
831:
829:
826:
823:
817:
816:
813:
810:
805:
800:
799:overall votes
795:
794:Election year
788:
785:
782:
781:
778:Marco Pannella
776:
774:
767:
765:
760:
758:
755:
752:
746:
745:
742:Marco Pannella
740:
738:
730:
728:
723:
721:
718:
715:
709:
708:
705:Marco Pannella
703:
701:
698:
696:
691:
689:
686:
685:166,708 (#16)
683:
677:
676:
673:
670:
665:
660:
659:overall votes
655:
654:Election year
651:
650:
640:
639:
636:Marco Pannella
634:
632:
625:
623:
618:
616:
613:
612:702,988 (#10)
610:
604:
603:
600:Marco Pannella
598:
596:
588:
586:
581:
579:
576:
573:
567:
566:
563:Marco Pannella
561:
559:
556:
554:
549:
547:
544:
543:485,694 (#12)
541:
535:
534:
531:
528:
523:
518:
517:overall votes
513:
512:Election year
509:
508:
499:
496:
494:
491:
483:Maurizio Turco
476:Radio Radicale
433:Radical Energy
347:Giovanni Negri
335:Rainbow Greens
331:Marco Taradash
298:
295:
291:Radio Radicale
275:Marco Pannella
260:electoral list
244:Lista Pannella
230:
229:
227:
226:
221:
216:
210:
207:
206:
198:
194:
193:
185:
179:
178:
162:
158:
157:
152:
146:
145:
143:Libertarianism
136:
130:
129:
126:Radio Radicale
123:
119:
118:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
59:Maurizio Turco
56:
52:
51:
49:Marco Pannella
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
29:Lista Pannella
28:
25:
24:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1070:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1005:
997:
991:
987:
983:
976:
968:
964:
960:
954:
946:
940:
936:
935:
927:
919:
913:
909:
908:
900:
896:
885:
884:Laura Arconti
882:(2005–2016),
881:
878:(1995–2005),
877:
876:Danilo Quinto
874:(1992–1995),
873:
869:
866:
863:(1992–2016),
862:
858:
857:
846:
842:
837:
830:
827:
825:702,717 (#9)
824:
822:
819:
818:
814:
811:
806:
804:overall vote
801:
796:
793:
792:
779:
775:
766:
759:
756:
754:509,826 (#6)
753:
751:
748:
747:
743:
739:
729:
722:
719:
717:767,765 (#6)
716:
714:
711:
710:
706:
702:
697:
690:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
674:
671:
666:
664:overall vote
661:
656:
653:
652:
649:
645:
637:
633:
624:
617:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
601:
597:
587:
580:
577:
574:
572:
569:
568:
564:
560:
555:
548:
545:
542:
540:
537:
536:
532:
529:
524:
522:overall vote
519:
514:
511:
510:
507:
503:
490:
488:
487:Laura Arconti
484:
479:
477:
472:
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
370:Marcello Pera
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
345:, etc.), and
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:Radical Party
276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:Pannella List
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
211:
208:
205:
199:
195:
190:
186:
184:
180:
176:
171:
166:
163:
159:
156:
153:
151:
147:
144:
140:
137:
135:
131:
127:
124:
120:
117:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
77:
73:
70:
69:Laura Arconti
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
39:
34:
26:Pannella List
22:
16:
1018:the original
1013:
1004:
985:
975:
967:the original
962:
953:
933:
926:
906:
899:
480:
460:
456:Pietro Milio
441:
401:
397:Forza Italia
382:
377:
355:
329:joint list,
315:human rights
300:
272:
247:
235:
233:
165:Forza Italia
110:Headquarters
15:
870:Secretary:
859:President:
467:Bonino List
413:Emma Bonino
268:Bonino List
256:libertarian
104:Bonino List
1032:Categories
891:References
854:Leadership
327:Republican
139:Liberalism
128:(FM radio)
452:Lega Nord
224:Elections
191:(1994–99)
172:(1994–96)
167:(1994–96)
122:Newspaper
65:Secretary
55:President
442:For the
285:and the
134:Ideology
815:Leader
762:1 / 315
725:1 / 315
693:0 / 315
675:Leader
620:0 / 630
583:0 / 630
551:7 / 630
533:Leader
402:In the
393:statist
323:Liberal
297:History
262:of the
252:liberal
250:) is a
240:Italian
197:Colours
80: (
75:Founded
45:Founder
992:
941:
914:
833:2 / 87
201:
177:(1996)
155:Centre
828:2.13
757:1.56
720:2.32
688:0.50
615:1.88
578:3.51
546:1.24
305:, an
990:ISBN
939:ISBN
912:ISBN
821:1994
812:+/–
807:# of
802:% of
797:# of
750:1996
713:1994
681:1992
672:+/–
667:# of
662:% of
657:# of
608:1996
571:1994
539:1992
530:+/–
525:# of
520:% of
515:# of
485:and
254:and
234:The
204:Gold
116:Rome
82:1992
78:1992
839:New
699:New
557:New
307:NGO
1034::
1012:.
961:.
458:.
372:,
353:.
341:,
311:UN
293:.
270:.
248:LP
246:,
242::
998:.
947:.
920:.
736:1
594:6
337:(
325:–
238:(
84:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
