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33:. PBO construction (an NSF MREFC) took place from October 2003 through September 2008. Phase 1 of operations and maintenance concluded in September 2013. Phase 2 of operations ended in September 2018, along with the end of the EarthScope project. In October 2018, PBO was assimilated into a broader Network of the Americas (NOTA), along with networks in Mexico (
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The PBO GPS network included 1100 stations extending from the
Aleutian Islands south to Baja and eastward across the continental United States. During the construction phase, 891 permanent and continuously operating GPS stations were installed, and another 209 existing stations were integrated (PBO
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Data from the PBO was, and NOTA data continue to be, transmitted to the GAGE Facility, operated by EarthScope
Consortium, to the data center where it is collected, archived and distributed. These data sets continue to be freely and openly available to the public, with equal access provided for all
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PBO precisely measured Earth deformation resulting from the constant motion of the
Pacific and North American tectonic plates in the western United States. These Earth movements can be very small and incremental and not felt by people, or they can be very large and sudden, such as those that occur
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users. PBO data includes the raw data collected from each instrument, quality-checked data in formats commonly used by PBO's various user communities, and processed data such as calibrated time series, velocity fields, and error estimates.
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during earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The high-precision instrumentation of the PBO enabled detection of motions to a sub-centimeter level. PBO measured Earth deformation through a network of instrumentation including: high precision
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Facility. EarthScope was an earth science program that explored the 4-dimensional structure of the North
American Continent. EarthScope (and PBO) was a 15-year project (2003-2018) funded by the
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Nucleus stations) into the network. Geodetic imaging data was transmitted, often in realtime, from a wide network of
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Williams, M.L., K.M. Fische r, J.T. Freymuelle r, B. Tikoff, A.M. T réhu; et al. (February 2010).
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Unlocking the
Secrets of the North American Continent: An EarthScope Science Plan for 2010-2020
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Some scientific questions that addressed by the EarthScope project and the PBO data include:
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stations, augmented by seismometers, strainmeters and tiltmeters, complemented by InSAR (
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An EarthScope GPS sensor, a component of the Plate
Boundary Observatory (PBO) system.
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The GPS stations were categorized into clusters. The transform cluster was near the
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53:(GPS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, strainmeters,
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generated? How does it travel from the mantle to reach the surface?
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Geodetic
Facility for the Advancement of Geosciences (GAGE)
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167:What influences the location of features such as
150:Are there recognizable precursors to earthquakes?
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303:(Washington D.C., National Academy Press, 2001).
238:Plate Boundary Observatory: The first five years
157:influence the motions that are happening today?
182:events or related to deeper processes in the
45:. GAGE is operated by EarthScope Consortium.
285:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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112:region; the volcanic cluster was in the
71:interferometric synthetic aperture radar
21:(PBO) was the geodetic component of the
301:Review of EarthScope Integrated Science
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143:How does accumulated strain lead to
108:); the extension cluster was in the
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153:How does the evolution of the
19:The Plate Boundary Observatory
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196:What are the precursors to a
178:Is it inherited from earlier
77:(light-activated radar), and
260:. p. 78. Archived from
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299:National Research Council,
27:National Science Foundation
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29:(NSF) in conjunction with
320:Global Positioning System
51:Global Positioning System
94:Cascadia subduction zone
41:), as part of the NSF's
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96:(northern California,
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37:) and the Caribbean (
164:structures at depth?
118:Long Valley caldera
114:Yellowstone caldera
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198:volcanic eruption
122:Cascade volcanoes
86:San Andreas Fault
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267:on 14 April 2015
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160:What happens to
106:British Columbia
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325:Plate tectonics
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236:UNAVCO (2009).
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173:mountain ranges
110:Basin and Range
104:, and southern
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79:geochronology
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269:. Retrieved
262:the original
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219:"EarthScope"
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55:seismometers
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145:earthquakes
314:Categories
223:EarthScope
205:References
120:, and the
102:Washington
90:California
59:tiltmeters
23:EarthScope
281:cite book
155:continent
35:TLALOCNet
180:tectonic
162:geologic
271:9 April
189:How is
39:COCONet
184:mantle
169:faults
116:, the
98:Oregon
265:(PDF)
258:(PDF)
191:magma
75:LiDAR
287:link
273:2015
171:and
31:NASA
88:in
81:.
73:),
67:GPS
316::
283:}}
279:{{
221:.
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225:.
200:?
186:?
175:?
147:?
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