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Injury may occur from running, jumping, or pushing off one leg in sports such as tennis, basketball and soccer, which require quick foot movement in a certain direction. Isolated plantaris muscle strains are rare, and ruptures normally occur in conjunction with injury to other muscles in the
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752:
Delgado, Gonzalo J.; Chung, Christine B.; Lektrakul, Nitaya; Azocar, Patricio; Botte, Michael J.; Coria, Daniel; Bosch, Enrique; Resnick, Donald (2002). "Tennis Leg: Clinical US Study of 141 Patients and
Anatomic Investigation of Four Cadavers with MR Imaging and US1".
425:
Its motor function is so minimal that its long tendon can readily be harvested for reconstruction elsewhere with little functional deficit. Often mistaken for a nerve by new medical students (and thus called the "freshman's nerve"), the muscle was useful to other
44:
451:
posterior compartment of the lower leg. Symptoms of a plantaris muscle rupture may include an audible popping sound in the area during physical activity, swelling, pain in the back of the lower leg, and persistent soreness. Ankle flexion may also be painful.
502:
446:
of the medial gastrocnemius. In one clinical study, 94 out of 141 patients (66.7%) diagnosed with tennis leg were found with a partial rupture of the gastrocnemius muscle, while rupture of the plantaris tendon was only seen in 2 patients (1.4%).
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442:. Although pain in the calf can be attributed to a rupture of the plantaris muscle, recent ultrasound research has shown that tennis leg more commonly arises from tears in the
247:. Not including the tendon, the plantaris muscle is approximately 5–10 centimetres (2.0–3.9 in) long and is absent in 8-12% of the population. It is one of the plantar
371:. When the tibial nerve receives an action potential, the plantaris muscle contracts, providing weak plantar flexion of the foot and weak flexion of the knee.
192:
676:
Freeman, A. J.; Jacobson, N. A.; Fogg, Q. A. (2008). "Anatomical variations of the plantaris muscle and a potential role in patellofemoral pain syndrome".
890:
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muscles. The plantaris is considered to have become an unimportant muscle when human ancestors switched from climbing trees to bipedalism and in
168:
666:
Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy and
Physiology The Unity of Form and Function. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Science Engineering, 2009. Print.
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regarding the position of the foot. The unusually high density of proprioceptive receptor end organs supports this notion.
243:, the plantaris tendon (which tends to be between 30–45 centimetres (12–18 in) in length) is the longest tendon in the
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L4, L5, S1–4). The lower motor neuron fibers continue down the sciatic nerve and then diverge into the tibial and
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Andor, W.J.M., Glaudemans, Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx, Jan L.M.A. Gielen, Johannes (Hans) Zwerver (2015).
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of the tendons around the ankle. Medial aspect. (Tendon of
Plantaris labeled at bottom right.)
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Sichting, Freddy; Holowka, Nicholas B.; Ebrecht, Florian; Lieberman, Daniel E. (2020-02-26).
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The plantaris muscle arises from the inferior part of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the
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A common injury that is normally attributed to the plantaris muscle is a condition called
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One of the superficial muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg
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612:"Evolutionary anatomy of the plantar aponeurosis in primates, including humans"
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in an inferomedial direction and becomes tendinous distally to insert into the
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Cross-section through middle of leg. Tendon of plantaris is located between
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at a position slightly superior to the origin of the lateral head of
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287:. It occasionally separately inserts into the medial side of the
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790:"The plantaris muscle: Anatomy, injury, imaging, and treatment"
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of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius <link issue>
347:, then the fibers continue down the contralateral side of the
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127:
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Nuclear
Medicine and Radiologic Imaging in Sports Injuries
830:"Running Injuries to the Plantaris & Soleus Muscles"
251:
in the posterior compartment of the leg, along with the
235:
It is composed of a thin muscle belly and a long thin
591:. Plantaris tendon is indicated by white arrow-heads.
898:
794:
The
Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association
675:
539:Muscles of the back of the leg. Superficial layer.
492:The plantaris is visible under the gastrocnemius.
1703:
383:. Interdigitations with the lateral head of the
718:Moore, Keith L; & Dalley Arthur R (2008).
884:
387:and a fibrous extension of the muscle to the
331:are stimulated and send a signal through the
722:(6th ed.). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
226:superficial posterior compartment of the leg
891:
877:
311:. Signaling for contraction begins in the
299:The plantaris muscle is innervated by the
39:
27:
805:
643:
433:
367:. The tibial nerve runs medially at the
263:it mainly acts with the gastrocnemius.
1704:
669:
414:The plantaris muscle may also provide
359:in the sacral plexus (formed from the
1264:Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh
872:
787:
1269:Medial intermuscular septum of thigh
860:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
732:
712:
466:
351:. Upper motor neurons synapse with
33:Plantaris muscle. Seen from behind.
13:
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357:anterior horn of the spinal cord
230:fascial compartments of the leg
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583:Plantaris tendon runs between
430:for grasping with their feet.
379:The muscle may arise from the
361:anterior rami of spinal nerves
294:
1:
596:
399:The plantaris acts to weakly
279:. It passes posterior to the
52:Dissection video (1 min 23 s)
1451:Fibularis (peroneus) muscles
1331:Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
418:feedback information to the
374:
266:
239:. While not as thick as the
7:
1625:Flexor digiti minimi brevis
720:Clinically Oriented Anatomy
454:
394:
341:lateral corticospinal tract
113:from anterior rami of S1-S2
69:Lateral supracondylar ridge
10:
1728:
381:oblique popliteal ligament
261:anatomically modern humans
220:is one of the superficial
200:Anatomical terms of muscle
1712:Muscles of the lower limb
1652:
1563:
1555:Extensor digitorum brevis
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1471:
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1326:Extensor digitorum longus
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767:10.1148/radiol.2241011067
444:musculotendinous junction
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1550:Extensor hallucis brevis
1321:Extensor hallucis longus
858:Anatomy photo:15:st-0412
140:Tibialis anterior muscle
1581:Flexor digitorum brevis
1417:Flexor digitorum longus
511:Dissection video (59 s)
1615:Flexor hallucis brevis
1586:Abductor digiti minimi
1412:Flexor hallucis longus
461:Compartmental syndrome
420:central nervous system
84:(medial side, deep to
992:Lateral rotator group
788:Spina, A. A. (2007).
434:Clinical significance
365:common fibular nerves
339:. Decussation of the
980:Tensor fasciae latae
622:(1). Wiley: 85–104.
325:primary motor cortex
1497:Intermuscular septa
353:lower motor neurons
337:corticospinal tract
329:Upper motor neurons
1642:Plantar interossei
1422:Tibialis posterior
1154:External obturator
1084:Vastus intermedius
1023:External obturator
1018:Internal obturator
900:Muscles of the hip
742:. Springer. p. 762
616:Journal of Anatomy
345:medullary pyramids
303:, a branch of the
157:musculus plantaris
1699:
1698:
1695:
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1680:Superior extensor
1675:Inferior extensor
1637:Dorsal interossei
1620:Adductor hallucis
1598:Quadratus plantae
1576:Abductor hallucis
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1316:Tibialis anterior
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1274:Cribriform fascia
1096:Articularis genus
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1013:Superior gemellus
1008:Inferior gemellus
1003:Quadratus femoris
728:978-1-60547-652-0
628:10.1111/joa.13173
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467:Additional images
391:are not unusual.
321:pre-central gyrus
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1603:Lumbrical muscle
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678:Clinical Anatomy
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571:Plantaris muscle
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206:edit on Wikidata
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126:foot and flexes
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1235:Muscular lacuna
1230:Adductor hiatus
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335:and down the
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314:
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309:sacral plexus
306:
305:sciatic nerve
302:
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277:gastrocnemius
274:
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253:gastrocnemius
250:
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228:, one of the
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86:gastrocnemius
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1386:
1350:
1299:compartments
1245:
1220:Femoral ring
1047:compartments
990:
912:Iliac region
837:. Retrieved
833:
824:
797:
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783:
761:(1): 112–9.
758:
754:
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401:plantar flex
398:
378:
313:frontal lobe
301:tibial nerve
298:
270:
234:
217:
215:
169:A04.7.02.049
156:
111:Tibial nerve
1666:retinacula
1351:Superficial
1247:Fascia lata
929:Psoas minor
925:Psoas major
405:ankle joint
349:spinal cord
295:Innervation
146:Identifiers
1517:Transverse
1069:Quadriceps
1028:Piriformis
839:20 October
597:References
440:tennis leg
409:knee joint
369:knee joint
281:knee joint
245:human body
135:Antagonist
1632:4th layer
1610:3rd layer
1593:2nd layer
1571:1st layer
1512:Posterior
1429:Popliteus
1387:Plantaris
1341:Posterior
1149:Pectineus
1114:Hamstring
1106:Posterior
1064:Sartorius
920:Iliopsoas
904:human leg
864:PTCentral
834:SportsRec
755:Radiology
636:0021-8782
480:Animation
375:Variation
319:with the
289:calcaneus
267:Structure
218:plantaris
77:Insertion
1706:Category
1670:Peroneal
1507:Anterior
1308:Anterior
1164:Adductor
1159:Gracilis
1056:Anterior
946:Buttocks
816:17885678
775:12091669
706:21873763
698:18266282
654:32103502
455:See also
428:primates
395:Function
1564:Plantar
1443:Lateral
1184:Minimus
973:Minimus
963:Maximus
934:Iliacus
807:1978447
645:7309290
389:patella
355:at the
315:of the
307:in the
249:flexors
224:of the
222:muscles
119:Actions
88:tendon)
58:Details
1685:Flexor
1654:Fascia
1543:Dorsal
1473:Fascia
1461:Brevis
1456:Longus
1370:Soleus
1196:Fascia
1179:Magnus
1174:Brevis
1169:Longus
1141:Medial
968:Medius
814:
804:
773:
726:
704:
696:
652:
642:
634:
585:soleus
553:soleus
257:soleus
237:tendon
94:Artery
64:Origin
1042:Thigh
702:S2CID
317:brain
273:femur
204:[
193:22543
152:Latin
106:Nerve
1535:Foot
1398:Deep
902:and
841:2020
812:PMID
771:PMID
724:ISBN
694:PMID
650:PMID
632:ISSN
587:and
555:and
523:The
403:the
255:and
216:The
181:2663
164:TA98
128:knee
1294:Leg
802:PMC
763:doi
759:224
686:doi
640:PMC
624:doi
620:237
327:).
188:FMA
176:TA2
1708::
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323:(
208:]
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