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Injury may occur from running, jumping, or pushing off one leg in sports such as tennis, basketball and soccer, which require quick foot movement in a certain direction. Isolated plantaris muscle strains are rare, and ruptures normally occur in conjunction with injury to other muscles in the
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763:
Delgado, Gonzalo J.; Chung, Christine B.; Lektrakul, Nitaya; Azocar, Patricio; Botte, Michael J.; Coria, Daniel; Bosch, Enrique; Resnick, Donald (2002). "Tennis Leg: Clinical US Study of 141 Patients and
Anatomic Investigation of Four Cadavers with MR Imaging and US1".
436:
Its motor function is so minimal that its long tendon can readily be harvested for reconstruction elsewhere with little functional deficit. Often mistaken for a nerve by new medical students (and thus called the "freshman's nerve"), the muscle was useful to other
55:
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posterior compartment of the lower leg. Symptoms of a plantaris muscle rupture may include an audible popping sound in the area during physical activity, swelling, pain in the back of the lower leg, and persistent soreness. Ankle flexion may also be painful.
513:
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of the medial gastrocnemius. In one clinical study, 94 out of 141 patients (66.7%) diagnosed with tennis leg were found with a partial rupture of the gastrocnemius muscle, while rupture of the plantaris tendon was only seen in 2 patients (1.4%).
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453:. Although pain in the calf can be attributed to a rupture of the plantaris muscle, recent ultrasound research has shown that tennis leg more commonly arises from tears in the
258:. Not including the tendon, the plantaris muscle is approximately 5–10 centimetres (2.0–3.9 in) long and is absent in 8-12% of the population. It is one of the plantar
382:. When the tibial nerve receives an action potential, the plantaris muscle contracts, providing weak plantar flexion of the foot and weak flexion of the knee.
203:
687:
Freeman, A. J.; Jacobson, N. A.; Fogg, Q. A. (2008). "Anatomical variations of the plantaris muscle and a potential role in patellofemoral pain syndrome".
901:
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muscles. The plantaris is considered to have become an unimportant muscle when human ancestors switched from climbing trees to bipedalism and in
179:
677:
Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy and
Physiology The Unity of Form and Function. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Science Engineering, 2009. Print.
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regarding the position of the foot. The unusually high density of proprioceptive receptor end organs supports this notion.
254:, the plantaris tendon (which tends to be between 30–45 centimetres (12–18 in) in length) is the longest tendon in the
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L4, L5, S1–4). The lower motor neuron fibers continue down the sciatic nerve and then diverge into the tibial and
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Andor, W.J.M., Glaudemans, Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx, Jan L.M.A. Gielen, Johannes (Hans) Zwerver (2015).
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of the tendons around the ankle. Medial aspect. (Tendon of
Plantaris labeled at bottom right.)
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Sichting, Freddy; Holowka, Nicholas B.; Ebrecht, Florian; Lieberman, Daniel E. (2020-02-26).
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The plantaris muscle arises from the inferior part of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the
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A common injury that is normally attributed to the plantaris muscle is a condition called
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One of the superficial muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg
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623:"Evolutionary anatomy of the plantar aponeurosis in primates, including humans"
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in an inferomedial direction and becomes tendinous distally to insert into the
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Cross-section through middle of leg. Tendon of plantaris is located between
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at a position slightly superior to the origin of the lateral head of
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298:. It occasionally separately inserts into the medial side of the
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801:"The plantaris muscle: Anatomy, injury, imaging, and treatment"
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of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius <link issue>
358:, then the fibers continue down the contralateral side of the
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751:
Nuclear
Medicine and Radiologic Imaging in Sports Injuries
841:"Running Injuries to the Plantaris & Soleus Muscles"
262:
in the posterior compartment of the leg, along with the
246:
It is composed of a thin muscle belly and a long thin
602:. Plantaris tendon is indicated by white arrow-heads.
909:
805:
The
Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association
686:
550:Muscles of the back of the leg. Superficial layer.
503:The plantaris is visible under the gastrocnemius.
1714:
394:. Interdigitations with the lateral head of the
729:Moore, Keith L; & Dalley Arthur R (2008).
895:
398:and a fibrous extension of the muscle to the
342:are stimulated and send a signal through the
733:(6th ed.). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
237:superficial posterior compartment of the leg
902:
888:
322:. Signaling for contraction begins in the
310:The plantaris muscle is innervated by the
50:
38:
816:
654:
444:
378:. The tibial nerve runs medially at the
274:it mainly acts with the gastrocnemius.
14:
1715:
680:
425:The plantaris muscle may also provide
370:in the sacral plexus (formed from the
1275:Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh
883:
798:
1280:Medial intermuscular septum of thigh
871:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
743:
723:
477:
362:. Upper motor neurons synapse with
44:Plantaris muscle. Seen from behind.
24:
25:
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368:anterior horn of the spinal cord
241:fascial compartments of the leg
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792:
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594:Plantaris tendon runs between
441:for grasping with their feet.
390:The muscle may arise from the
372:anterior rami of spinal nerves
305:
13:
1:
607:
410:The plantaris acts to weakly
290:. It passes posterior to the
63:Dissection video (1 min 23 s)
1462:Fibularis (peroneus) muscles
1342:Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
429:feedback information to the
385:
277:
250:. While not as thick as the
7:
1636:Flexor digiti minimi brevis
731:Clinically Oriented Anatomy
465:
405:
352:lateral corticospinal tract
124:from anterior rami of S1-S2
80:Lateral supracondylar ridge
10:
1739:
392:oblique popliteal ligament
272:anatomically modern humans
231:is one of the superficial
211:Anatomical terms of muscle
1723:Muscles of the lower limb
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1574:
1566:Extensor digitorum brevis
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1337:Extensor digitorum longus
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778:10.1148/radiol.2241011067
455:musculotendinous junction
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1561:Extensor hallucis brevis
1332:Extensor hallucis longus
869:Anatomy photo:15:st-0412
151:Tibialis anterior muscle
1592:Flexor digitorum brevis
1428:Flexor digitorum longus
522:Dissection video (59 s)
1626:Flexor hallucis brevis
1597:Abductor digiti minimi
1423:Flexor hallucis longus
472:Compartmental syndrome
431:central nervous system
95:(medial side, deep to
1003:Lateral rotator group
799:Spina, A. A. (2007).
445:Clinical significance
376:common fibular nerves
350:. Decussation of the
991:Tensor fasciae latae
633:(1). Wiley: 85–104.
336:primary motor cortex
1508:Intermuscular septa
364:lower motor neurons
348:corticospinal tract
340:Upper motor neurons
1653:Plantar interossei
1433:Tibialis posterior
1165:External obturator
1095:Vastus intermedius
1034:External obturator
1029:Internal obturator
911:Muscles of the hip
753:. Springer. p. 762
627:Journal of Anatomy
356:medullary pyramids
314:, a branch of the
168:musculus plantaris
1710:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1691:Superior extensor
1686:Inferior extensor
1648:Dorsal interossei
1631:Adductor hallucis
1609:Quadratus plantae
1587:Abductor hallucis
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1327:Tibialis anterior
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1285:Cribriform fascia
1107:Articularis genus
1047:
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1024:Superior gemellus
1019:Inferior gemellus
1014:Quadratus femoris
739:978-1-60547-652-0
639:10.1111/joa.13173
517:
478:Additional images
402:are not unusual.
332:pre-central gyrus
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16:(Redirected from
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1614:Lumbrical muscle
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1386:Accessory soleus
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689:Clinical Anatomy
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344:internal capsule
217:edit on Wikidata
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137:foot and flexes
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1246:Muscular lacuna
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1140:Semimembranosus
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1100:Vastus medialis
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397:
396:gastrocnemius
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357:
353:
349:
346:and down the
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329:
325:
321:
320:sacral plexus
317:
316:sciatic nerve
313:
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289:
288:gastrocnemius
285:
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264:gastrocnemius
261:
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242:
239:, one of the
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97:gastrocnemius
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48:
41:
36:
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19:
1642:
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1581:
1506:
1408:
1397:
1361:
1310:compartments
1256:
1231:Femoral ring
1058:compartments
1001:
923:Iliac region
848:. Retrieved
844:
835:
808:
804:
794:
772:(1): 112–9.
769:
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730:
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673:
630:
626:
616:
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435:
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412:plantar flex
409:
389:
324:frontal lobe
312:tibial nerve
309:
281:
245:
228:
226:
180:A04.7.02.049
167:
122:Tibial nerve
1677:retinacula
1362:Superficial
1258:Fascia lata
940:Psoas minor
936:Psoas major
416:ankle joint
360:spinal cord
306:Innervation
157:Identifiers
1528:Transverse
1080:Quadriceps
1039:Piriformis
850:20 October
608:References
451:tennis leg
420:knee joint
380:knee joint
292:knee joint
256:human body
146:Antagonist
1643:4th layer
1621:3rd layer
1604:2nd layer
1582:1st layer
1523:Posterior
1440:Popliteus
1398:Plantaris
1352:Posterior
1160:Pectineus
1125:Hamstring
1117:Posterior
1075:Sartorius
931:Iliopsoas
915:human leg
875:PTCentral
845:SportsRec
766:Radiology
647:0021-8782
491:Animation
386:Variation
330:with the
300:calcaneus
278:Structure
229:plantaris
88:Insertion
18:Plantaris
1717:Category
1681:Peroneal
1518:Anterior
1319:Anterior
1175:Adductor
1170:Gracilis
1067:Anterior
957:Buttocks
827:17885678
786:12091669
717:21873763
709:18266282
665:32103502
466:See also
439:primates
406:Function
1575:Plantar
1454:Lateral
1195:Minimus
984:Minimus
974:Maximus
945:Iliacus
818:1978447
656:7309290
400:patella
366:at the
326:of the
318:in the
260:flexors
235:of the
233:muscles
130:Actions
99:tendon)
69:Details
1696:Flexor
1665:Fascia
1554:Dorsal
1484:Fascia
1472:Brevis
1467:Longus
1381:Soleus
1207:Fascia
1190:Magnus
1185:Brevis
1180:Longus
1152:Medial
979:Medius
825:
815:
784:
737:
715:
707:
663:
653:
645:
596:soleus
564:soleus
268:soleus
248:tendon
105:Artery
75:Origin
1053:Thigh
713:S2CID
328:brain
284:femur
215:[
204:22543
163:Latin
117:Nerve
1546:Foot
1409:Deep
913:and
852:2020
823:PMID
782:PMID
735:ISBN
705:PMID
661:PMID
643:ISSN
598:and
566:and
534:The
414:the
266:and
227:The
192:2663
175:TA98
139:knee
1305:Leg
813:PMC
774:doi
770:224
697:doi
651:PMC
635:doi
631:237
338:).
199:FMA
187:TA2
1719::
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334:(
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20:)
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