961:
1037:
1332:
518:
158:
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1994:
1949:
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924:
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1980:
1920:
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2008:
612:
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steep and with high water volume; the river bottom is rocky or covered with large sediments. The water discharge is highest in May and June and lowest in
September. The streamflow is largely derived from snow melting and glacial lakes in spring and summer and almost exclusively from groundwater in winter. The rivers and streams form numerous leaps and waterfalls but they are generally not as high as those in
603:(1,975 m (6,480 ft)) had long been considered the highest summit. It constitutes 19% of the mountain's territory. Despite being characterised with relatively flat ridges, its lateral slopes are steep. South Pirin is composed of granite with marbled limestone in the periphery. It lacks glacial forms and is covered with forests. Like Central Pirin, the springs are short and with low water discharge.
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varying from 70–90% at the lower altitudes to 100% at higher. The average number of days with snow cover varies from 20–30 to 120–160. The highest thickness of the snow cover reaches 40–60 cm at 1,000–1,800 m in
February and 160–180 cm above 1,800 m in March (190 cm on Vihren). In some winters the snow thickness can reach 250–350 cm.
1097:, being among Bulgaria's richest areas. Based on the chemical composition they are divided into two thermal groups — in the Mesta and the Struma basins. The springs in the Mesta basin to the east are more alkaline, with lower mineralisation (below 400 mg/L) and conductance; those on the western slopes reach higher temperatures, up to 86 °C.
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Mediterranean climate, the influence being more pronounced on the western slopes facing the Struma valley than on the eastern slopes along the Mesta valley. The high altitude zone is characterised by low temperature, low temperature amplitude, many cloudy days, lasting and thick snow cover, strong winds and intensive sun radiation.
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of commercial importance because of the high-quality timber. As logging is restricted in the protected areas the wood-processing industry in Pirin forms 3.5% of the nation's total production in that sector. The lower parts of the mountain offer favourable conditions for agriculture, the most important cash crops being
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The favourable natural conditions for winter sports, spa and recreation combined with the architectural heritage make Pirin a popular tourist destination. Bansko is by far the most developed winter resort in the mountain range, being also
Bulgaria's most popular one for foreigners — over 79,000
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are situated in the mountain range, all of them in North Pirin. Of them, 119 are permanent, and the rest dry out in summer. About 65% of them are located in the north-eastern area and discharge into the Mesta basin; the other 35% are to the south-west, their water flowing into the tributaries of the
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Pirin forms the water divide between the basins of the rivers Struma and Mesta. The watershed follows the main ridge of the mountain in direction north-west to south-east. As the main ridge is situated closer to the Mesta valley, the tributaries to the Struma tend to be longer. The rivers are short,
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is the largest of the subdivisions and the mountain's downright part. It takes up 74% of the whole range's territory, being about 42 km (26 mi) long and ranging from Predel to the north to the
Todorova Polyana Saddle (1,883 m (6,178 ft)) to the south. It is the most often visited
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that is processed in
Sandanski and part of the production is exported. A number of small hydro power plants have been constructed, mainly along Sandanska Bistritsa River. The rivers are also used for irrigation. Forests cover 1,996 km (771 sq mi), or 5.5% of Bulgaria's total, and are
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is planned to run in parallel with the I-1 road, with one section between Novo
Delchevo and the border already finished and another one linking Novo Delchevo and Kresna under construction as of 2017. Due to the rugged relief Pirin is crossed by only one road, the third class III-198 road that links
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The annual precipitation in Pirin is 600–700 mm in the lower zones and 1000–1200 mm in the higher. The rainfall occurs mostly in winter and spring, while summer is driest season. The air humidity is 60–75% in August and 80–85 % in
December. In winter the precipitation is mainly snow,
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situated in the southwestern reaches of Pirin in the vicinity of the homonymous town. They are located at an altitude between 350 and 850 m (1,150 and 2,790 ft) and are composed of sandstone and conglomerates dated from the
Neogene and the Quaternary Periods. The Pyramids were formed as a
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The abundant mineral springs are a prerequisite for health and spa tourism. The most developed spa resorts are
Dobrinishte and Sandanski. The former has 17 springs with a total discharge of 782 L/min and temperature of 28°С to 41.2°С and has a mineral beach among the other facilities. Sandanski is
1000:
The prevailing wind direction is from the west and the north-west but southern and south-western winds are also frequent. The wind speed can reach 34–40 m/s at the high ridges, being highest in
February and March and lowest in August and September. The percentage of windless days increases in
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and passes through the Predel saddle as far as the Paril saddle. It links the separate smaller ridges of the mountain into one system with the highest peaks situated on it. Although it curves a lot, its main direction is from the northwest to southeast and it is also a watershed between the Struma
980:
in summer, making the summer months hot and dry. The relief has a crucial influence on the climate. Pirin has three altitude climate zones — low between 600 and 1,000 m, middle between 1,000 and 1,800 m and high above 1,800 m. The low altitude zone is heavily influenced by the
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with 123,600 m, which makes it the fourth largest glacial lake in the country. With a depth of 29.5 m, it is also Pirin's deepest lake and Bulgaria's second. The water is transparent as deep as 15 m. Many of the lakes are covered with ice during most of the year. The ice thickness
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Winters are cold and prolonged while summers are cool and short. The temperature decreases with the altitude, which is more visible in summer. The mean annual temperature is around 9–10 °C in the low, 5–7 °C in the middle and 2–3 °C in the high altitude zone. The coldest month is
712:
fields and vertical cliffs that characterise Pirin's contemporary appearance. These forms are most prominent at the north-eastern ridges of the mountain. Some lateral moraines may reach heights of more than 1,100 m (3,600 ft). The lower line of the glaciers was at 2,200–2,300 m
476:
The main orographic ridge extends from the north-west to the south-east. Pirin spans an area of 2,585 km (998 sq mi) with an average height of 1,033 m (3,389 ft). The maximum length between the Paril and Predel saddles is 80 km (50 mi); the maximum width is
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and has the shape of an irregular hexagon. There are frescoes dated from the 16th century. Rozhen Monastery was a regional centre for learning and calligraphy. In close proximity to the monastery is the Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius, built on the initiative of the Prominent Bulgarian
1863:, which nowadays houses his tomb. The town of Sandanski boasts the ruins of a 5-6th century episcopal basilica that has been recently renovated. Bansko also has an old quarter with 18-19th century houses and the Church of Holy Trinity whose 30-meters high belfry is the symbol of the town.
748:; seven above 2,800 m (9,200 ft); 13 above 2,700 m (8,900 ft); 32 above 2,600 m (8,500 ft) and 60 above 2,500 m (8,200 ft). The highest granite peak is the Banderishki Chukar (2,732 m (8,963 ft)). Some of the highest peaks are:
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as the Melnishka River and its tributaries had carved their way into the hills forging pyramid-like forms of significant aesthetic value that reach a height of 100 m (330 ft). This process began 4–5 million years ago and is still ongoing. The combination of pale
1751:. The region around Melnik is renowned for its centuries-old traditions in producing distinct red wines. Manufacturing industry is centred in Sandanski, Gotse Delchev, Bansko and Simitli; the main sectors are food processing, machine building and furniture production.
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The range extends about 80 km (50 mi) from the north-west to the south-east and is about 40 km (25 mi) wide, spanning a territory of 2,585 km (998 sq mi). To the north, Pirin is separated from Bulgaria's highest mountain range, the
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sandstones and red Quaternary conglomerates determines the yellowish and reddish colour gamut and the diverse shapes. The Melnik Earth Pyramids constitute a specific and unique micro habitat of high conservation value and were designated a natural landmark in 1960.
570:(2,516 m (8,255 ft)). In total, the northern section of Pirin includes two summits with an altitude over 2,900 m (9,500 ft), seven over 2,800 m (9,200 ft), 13 over 2,700 m (8,900 ft), and 60 over 2,500 m (8,200 ft).
537:
appearance, featuring many glacial lakes, resthouses and shelters. North Pirin is itself divided into two zones by the Kabata Saddle and the valleys of the Banderitsa and Vlahinska rivers. The northern zone consists of the steep
1835:. The most popular places for practising climbing are the north wall of Vihren, as well as the peaks Kamenitsa, Banski Suhodol, Sinanitsa and Dzhengal among others. Pirin Golf Club near Bansko has 18- and 5-hole golf courses.
344:, situated on the north-eastern slopes of the mountain, has grown to be the primary ski and winter sports centre in the Balkans. A number of settlements at the foothills of Pirin have mineral spring and are spa resorts —
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extends between the Todorova Polyana Saddle and the Popovi Livadi Saddle. It constitutes the smallest and the shortest of the three subdivisions, covering only 7% of Pirin's total area. It is composed of crystalline
1788:, etc. The top elevation is 2,560 m while the lowest is 990 m. Bansko regularly hosts European alpine ski and biathlon cups. Another much smaller resort is Dobriniste with 5 km of ski tracks.
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Struma. Approximately 90% of the lakes are nestled between 2,100 m and 2,450 m. At an altitude of 2,710 m the Upper Polezhan Lake is the highest in Pirin, as well as in Bulgaria and the
1464:, etc. There are 11 reptile, 8 amphibian and 6 fish species. The number of invertebrate species discovered so far is 2091 but they remain poorly studied and are expected to rise to 4500.
960:
985:
January with average temperature varying between −5 and −2 °C. The hottest month is July with temperature averaging 20 °C at 1,600 m and 15 °C at 2,000 m.
685:, alpine and tectonic movements and events. Its hoisting alternated with long dormant periods. As a result of the activisation of the ancient Struma and Mesta faults during the
1036:
1792:
home to 11 springs with a total discharge of 1200 L/min and temperature of 33°С to 83°С that have been utilised since Antiquity. Other mineral baths are located in Bansko,
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and the Mesta rivers. There are many spurs but four of them are so large that they create the appearance of the mountain: Sinanishko, Todorino, Polezhansko and Kamenishko.
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relief there are no lakes; the rivers springing up from Central Pirin are short and with low water volume. It is largely covered by deciduous forests. The highest peak is
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is 1315 species, or approximately 1/3 of Bulgaria's flora, many of them being rare and under protection. There are 18 species endemic to Pirin, including Pirin poppy (
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Pirin is a sparsely populated mountain range with all the settlements located at the foothills and none in the mountain itself. Administratively it falls entirely in
1502:
Due to the fertile foothills and the favourable terrain for defence Pirin has been continuously inhabited since prehistoric times. Archaeological remains left by the
1706:
which branches off I-1 at Simitly, goes east crossing the Predel Saddle and then turns south along the Mesta Valley to Gotse Delchev and the border with Greece at
3779:Мичев (Michev), Николай (Nikolay); Михайлов (Mihaylov), Цветко (Tsvetko); Вапцаров (Vaptsarov), Иван (Ivan); Кираджиев (Kiradzhiev), Светлин (Svetlin) (1980).
364:
at the south-western foothills of the mountain is Bulgaria's smallest town and is an architectural reserve. Within a few kilometres from the town are the
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There are 20 marked hiking trails within the borders of Pirin National Park. The steep rock faces in Northern Pirin provide favourable conditions for
340:
The combination of favourable natural conditions and varied historical heritage contribute makes Pirin an important tourist destination. The town of
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1367:) among others, as well as another 17 taxa restricted only to Bulgaria, which makes a total of 35 Bulgarian endemic species. The endemic genus
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The vegetation of Pirin is vertically divided into five distinct elevation zones: Mediterranean, deciduous, coniferous, that combined form the
1564:(1903) but both were quelled by the Ottomans. The region was finally liberated by the Bulgarian Army in October 1912 during the course of the
477:
40 km (25 mi). Reaching an altitude of 2,914 m (9,560 ft), Pirin is the second highest mountain range in Bulgaria after
3801:
976:. The climate is influenced by Mediterranean cyclones mainly in late autumn and in winter, bringing frequent and high rainfall, and by the
700:
when the mountain was subjected to alpine glaciation related to the global cooling. This glaciation occurred in parallel with that of the
554:(2,884 m (9,462 ft)). The marble ridge is narrow and very steep, reaching a width of only 0.5 m (1.6 ft) at the ridge
1720:
528:
Geologically and morphologically Pirin is divided into three parts: north, central and south, which differ sharply in size and altitude.
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summer and autumn to 30–40% at lower altitude and 10–15% at higher. In the highest zone the percentage does not exceed 5–7% annually.
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and mountain pass at 1,140 m (3,740 ft) altitude separates it from the Rila mountain range. To the east, Pirin borders the
89:
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have been discovered at the western foothills along the Struma Valley and in the Razlog Valley. As the region was annexed by the
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foreign tourists have stayed in Bansko for the 2016/17 winter season spending an average of four nights. Bansko has 75 km
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Similar rock formations are found further north along the slopes of Pirin facing the Struma Valley near the town of Kresna.
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stretches from the Popovi Livadi Saddle to the Paril Saddle and is the lowest and least rugged part. The highest peak is
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1960:
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566:, at 2,851 m (9,354 ft). The southern zone also has marble ridges, such as the Sinanitsa ridge with its
4310:
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1934:
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259:. Pirin is dotted with more than a hundred glacial lakes and is also the home of Europe's southernmost glaciers,
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and the god of thunder and lightning. Another version is that the etymology of the range can be traced to the
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1093:. Reaching a length of 53 km, Pirinska Bistritsa is the longest river in the massif. Pirin has abundant
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Cultural tourism is also well developed. Melnik has been designated an architectural reserve and one of the
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equipped with artificial snow machines as well as 22 km lifting facilities and provides conditions for
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I-1 and II-19 through the Paril Saddle between Central and South Pirin. The mountain range is served by the
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3893:"Inter-annual size variations of Snezhnika Glacieret (the Pirin Mountains, Bulgaria) in the last ten years"
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677:. Granite rocks cover 62% of the mountain's area. The tectonics of the Pirin is primarily the result of
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in the 9th century. Throughout the Middle Ages Pirin remained contested between the Bulgarian and the
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1591:. From north to south there are four towns at the western foothills facing the Struma Valley, namely
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3039:"Register of the Protected Territories and Zones in Bulgaria, Bayuvi Dupki–Dzhindzhiritsa Reserve"
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The economy is based on agriculture, industry, services and tourism. There are small deposits of
1556:
Pirin remained in the Ottoman Empire. In response, the local population in Pirin rebelled in the
1433:
986:
278:
in 1983. Pirin is noted for its rich flora and fauna, as well as for the presence of a number of
589:(2,099 m (6,886 ft)), while the other summits are under 2,000 m (6,600 ft).
4489:
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1911:
1854:, the biggest one in Pirin. The monastery was established in the early 13th century during the
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The vertebrate fauna of Pirin consists of 229 species. The mammal species are 45 and include
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558:(2,810 m (9,220 ft)). The southern zone is more massive and consists primarily of
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and the struggle for national liberation. The important 18th century Bulgarian enlightener
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1316:
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1065:, measuring some 12 m. Pirin is the source of 10 tributaries to the Struma, including
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3857:: Университетско издетелство "Епископ Константин Преславски" (Shumen University Press).
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Official Site of the General Directorate "Civil Registration and Administrative Service"
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in the late 14th century. The population of the region played an active role during the
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above 2,500 m. The Mediterranean zone is dominated, among other, by pubescent oak (
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in 1983. The park spans an area of 403,32 km and includes two nature reserves,
989:, i.e. increase in temperature with height, are observed in 75% of the winter days.
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3809:Дончев (Donchev), Дончо (Doncho); Каракашев (Karakashev), Христо (Hristo) (2004).
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The northern part of the range, which is also the highest one, is protected by the
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Melnik, the nation's smallest town, is a centre of wine production and one of the
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by the 1st century BC the number of settlements saw further expansion. During the
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3845:Малчев (Malchev), Малчо (Malcho); Сотиров (Sotirov), Чавдар (Chavdar) (2015).
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2013:
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1486:. There are two more reserves in Pirin beyond the limits of the national park,
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cirque at the steep northern foot of Vihren and is the southernmost glacier in
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3149:"Register of the Protected Territories and Zones in Bulgaria, Orelyak Reserve"
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3124:"Register of the Protected Territories and Zones in Bulgaria, Tisata Reserve"
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3064:"Register of the Protected Territories and Zones in Bulgaria, Yulen Reserve"
3932:"Europe's southernmost glaciers: response and adaptation to climate change"
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1428:. The total number of bird species is 159, including three relicts —
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reaches 3 m in the highest lakes. The lakes and the lake groups are:
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and granite, as well as of marbled limestone in the south. Because of the
19:
This article is about the mountain range in Bulgaria. For other uses, see
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was born in Bansko at the northern foothills of Pirin. Bulgaria achieved
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1842:. Among the main sights are the ruins of the medieval fortress and the
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1324: — a Bosnian pine that is a contemporary of the foundation of the
1310:). The alpine line is covered with grass, moss, lichen and abundant in
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The name of the mountain may, according to one hypothesis, derive from
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reaching approximately altitude of 2,000 m, shrubs forming the
1109:. The total area of all lakes is 1.8 km; the largest one being
923:
4096:
3770:] (in Bulgarian). Vol. V. P-R. Sofia: Издателство на БАН (
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via railway line No. 5 along the Struma Valley in the west and the
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The most recognisable rock formation in the mountain range are the
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mountain range. To the west, Pirin reaches the valley of the river
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305:. Animals include many species of high conservation value, such as
228:
169:
1298:). The subalpine line is mainly covered with dwarf mountain pine (
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1619:(19,087). There are a number of villages, including among others
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is larger and situated a bit to the north below Koncheto Ridge.
282:. Much of the area is forested, with some of the best preserved
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3840:] (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Наука и култура (Nauka i kultura).
3811:Теми по физическа и социално-икономическа география на България
3787:] (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Наука и култура (Nauka i kultura).
3762:Георгиев (Georgiev), Владимир (Vladimir); et al. (1986).
3735:Головински (Golovinski), Евгени (Evgeni); et al. (2003).
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is named after the mountain range, containing a single species
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that separate it from the Rhodope Mountains. To the south, the
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Pirin is situated in south-western Bulgaria and is part of the
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1607:(170), as well as three more to the north and the east —
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Official Site of the Executive Environment Agency of Bulgaria
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Official Site of the Executive Environment Agency of Bulgaria
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Official Site of the Executive Environment Agency of Bulgaria
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Official Site of the Executive Environment Agency of Bulgaria
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2721:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
1769:
1748:
1736:
1691:
1690:, along the Struma valley to the west that links the capital
1483:
1382:
1025:
807:
718:
714:
582:
377:
3815:
Topics on Physical and Social-Economic Geography of Bulgaria
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
1723:
with terminus at the latter town in the northern foothills.
732:
The main Pirin ridge is clearly distinguished; it begins in
4215:
4012:
2075:
1386:
1054:
733:
726:
701:
534:
490:
478:
418:
240:
3166:
2718:
2621:
2401:
1571:
1320:). Pirin is home to Bulgaria's oldest tree, the 1300–year
542:
Vihren ridge with the three highest summits in the range:
243:, by the Predel saddle, while to the south it reaches the
2109:
1682:
Pirin is served by two main roads — the first class
1252:
up to 2,500 m and alpine meadows, also known as the
481:(2,925 m (9,596 ft)) and the eighth highest in
740:
There are two peaks above 2,900 m (9,500 ft),
286:
woods in Bulgaria, holding important populations of the
3734:
4011:. Official Site of Pirin National Park. Archived from
3761:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3363:
3191:
2735:
2640:
2420:
2148:
1467:
The rich wildlife in the mountain is protected by the
972:
zone and due to its altitude the higher sectors have
606:
3929:
2747:
1975:
3792:Димитрова (Dimitrova), Людмила (Lyudmila) (2004).
3607:
704:. The process formed pointed pyramidal peaks, long
445:(1,170 m (3,840 ft)) divides it from the
3325:"A Map of the Republican Road Network of Bulgaria"
3249:
3208:
2066:List of the highest European ultra-prominent peaks
1730:as well as significant quantities of high-quality
235:, at an altitude of 2,914 m (9,560 ft).
3808:
3351:
3252:The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity
2615:
2435:
2349:
2291:
2258:
2167:
1280:), and the coniferous — by Macedonian pine (
247:. To the west is located the valley of the river
4597:
3791:
3000:
2976:
2964:
2952:
2907:
2895:
2814:
2669:
2652:
2584:
2572:
2549:
2378:
2337:
2270:
2184:
562:ridges, including Pirin's fourth highest summit
3329:Official Site of the Road Infrastructure Agency
2477:Red Book of Bulgaria, vol. III Natural Habitats
649:valleys of the Struma and the Mesta, formed by
3930:Grunewald, Karsten; Scheithauer, Jörg (2010).
3844:
3460:
3418:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2308:
2246:
1850:. A few kilometres to the east of the town is
1081:, as well as another 10 to the Mesta, such as
533:part of the mountain, the only one to have an
4081:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3347:
3345:
2864:"Pirinia, a new genus of the Caryophyllaceae"
2473:"Pyramidal Formations in Sand and Clay Rocks"
2431:
2429:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2180:
2178:
2176:
696:The modern relief of Pirin was shaped in the
3374:
3372:
2764:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGechev2011 (
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2242:
2240:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
3794:Национален парк "Пирин". План за управление
2994:
2658:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2555:
2532:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2367:
2331:
4088:
4074:
3653:
3424:
3342:
2426:
2297:
2173:
627:Orelyak, the highest peak of Central Pirin
599:at 1,978 m (6,490 ft), although
3900:Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica
3832:Душков (Dushkov), Добри (Dobri) (1972).
3800:] (in Bulgarian). и колектив. Sofia:
3369:
2687:
2384:
2314:
2276:
2237:
2154:
1440:, and a number of birds of prey, such as
717:landforms also shape Pirin's relief with
3295:"Population of Bulgaria by Municipality"
3247:
2918:
2916:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2590:
2458:
2441:
2071:List of World Heritage Sites in Bulgaria
1822:
1758:
1575:
1330:
1314:and rare flowers such as the edelweiss (
1235:
959:
922:
622:
610:
516:
405:
251:and to the east the valley of the river
3831:
3664:
3647:
3628:Official Site of Sandanski Municiplaity
3551:
3509:
3472:
3378:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3203:
2700:
2681:
2395:
2361:
2325:
1721:Septemvri–Dobrinishte narrow-gauge line
1572:Settlements, transportation and economy
1560:(1878–1879) and later took part in the
1268:), the deciduous zone by European oak (
137:40 km (25 mi) north-south
129:80 km (50 mi) north-south
16:Mountain range in southwestern Bulgaria
4598:
3890:
3804:, Bulgarian Foundation "Biodiversity".
3319:
3317:
3315:
2803:Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980
2759:
2713:Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980
2527:Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980
2497:
2495:
2493:
2232:Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980
2197:Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria 1980
2061:List of European ultra-prominent peaks
4095:
4069:
4031:. Official Tourism Portal of Bulgaria
3871:
2988:
2913:
2820:
2790:
2778:
2603:
2452:
1514:the area around Pirin was settled by
218:
3874:Walking in Bulgaria's National Parks
3817:] (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Ciela.
3798:Pirin National Park. Management Plan
3707:Official Site of Bansko Municiplaity
3682:Official Site of Bansko Municiplaity
3569:Official Site of Bansko Municiplaity
3527:Official Site of Pirin National Park
3523:"Pirin National Park: Hiking Trails"
3490:Official Site of Bansko Municiplaity
3441:Official Site of Bansko Municiplaity
3274:
3098:Official Site of Pirin National Park
2928:Official Site of Pirin National Park
2861:
2837:Official Site of Pirin National Park
3947:International Glaciological Society
3747:: Издателство "Труд" (Trud Press).
3392:"Analysis of Winter Season 2016/17"
3312:
2490:
2046:Southernmost glacial mass in Europe
550:(2,908 m (9,541 ft)) and
145:2,585 km (998 sq mi)
13:
3211:The Making of Byzantium (600–1025)
1212:, remnants from the last Ice Age.
607:Geology, relief and peaks in Pirin
461:, that serve as a divide from the
14:
4637:
4616:Landforms of Blagoevgrad Province
4001:
3802:Ministry of Environment and Water
3785:Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria
3256:. John Wiley & Sons. p.
1471:founded in 1962 and designated a
970:continental Mediterranean climate
2748:Grunewald & Scheithauer 2010
2507:Geological Phenomena of Bulgaria
2056:List of mountains of the Balkans
2020:
2006:
1992:
1978:
1959:
1947:
1933:
1918:
1904:
1892:
1208:Pirin is also home to two small
1035:
1013:
546:(2,914 m (9,560 ft)),
156:
45:
3695:
3670:
3641:
3582:
3557:
3545:
3515:
3503:
3478:
3466:
3454:
3412:
3384:
3357:
3248:McGuckin, John Anthony (2011).
3241:
3197:
3141:
3116:
3086:
3056:
3031:
3006:
2982:
2970:
2958:
2946:
2901:
2889:
2855:
2808:
2796:
2784:
2772:
2753:
2741:
2706:
2675:
2646:
2609:
2578:
2520:
2355:
2343:
1882:is named after Pirin Mountain.
1552:in 1878 but as a result of the
693:Pirin rose as a massive horst.
633:List of mountain peaks in Pirin
505:, the aforementioned Rila, and
473:mountains further to the west.
3741:Bulgarian Encyclopaedia "A-Ya"
3221:University of California Press
3094:"Pirin National Park: History"
2264:
2252:
2190:
1562:Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising
1530:until it was conquered by the
1438:Eurasian three-toed woodpecker
918:, 2,516 metres (8,255 ft)
912:, 2,591 metres (8,501 ft)
906:, 2,635 metres (8,645 ft)
900:, 2,645 metres (8,678 ft)
894:, 2,668 metres (8,753 ft)
888:, 2,669 metres (8,757 ft)
882:, 2,680 metres (8,793 ft)
876:, 2,683 metres (8,802 ft)
870:, 2,686 metres (8,812 ft)
864:, 2,688 metres (8,819 ft)
858:, 2,690 metres (8,825 ft)
852:, 2,700 metres (8,858 ft)
846:, 2,709 metres (8,888 ft)
840:, 2,712 metres (8,898 ft)
834:, 2,723 metres (8,934 ft)
828:, 2,730 metres (8,957 ft)
822:, 2,732 metres (8,963 ft)
816:, 2,746 metres (9,009 ft)
810:, 2,761 metres (9,058 ft)
804:, 2,763 metres (9,065 ft)
798:, 2,763 metres (9,065 ft)
792:, 2,820 metres (9,252 ft)
786:, 2,822 metres (9,259 ft)
780:, 2,822 metres (9,259 ft)
774:, 2,851 metres (9,354 ft)
768:, 2,884 metres (9,462 ft)
762:, 2,908 metres (9,541 ft)
756:, 2,914 metres (9,560 ft)
1:
3781:Географски речник на България
3772:Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
3728:
3352:Donchev & Karakashev 2004
2616:Donchev & Karakashev 2004
2436:Donchev & Karakashev 2004
2350:Donchev & Karakashev 2004
2292:Donchev & Karakashev 2004
2259:Donchev & Karakashev 2004
2168:Donchev & Karakashev 2004
2051:List of mountains in Bulgaria
1840:100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria
1582:100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria
968:Pirin is situated within the
645:situated between the complex
3737:Българска енциклопедия "А-Я"
2924:"Pirin National Park: Fauna"
2833:"Pirin National Park: Flora"
2103:
1545:Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya
1004:
396:
393:, meaning "Rocky Mountain".
77:2,915 m (9,564 ft)
7:
4611:Mountain ranges of Bulgaria
3594:Pirin Golf and Country Club
3364:Encyclopaedia Bulgaria 1986
3192:Encyclopaedia Bulgaria 1986
2736:Encyclopaedia Bulgaria 1986
2641:Encyclopaedia Bulgaria 1986
2421:Encyclopaedia Bulgaria 1986
2149:Encyclopaedia Bulgaria 1986
1971:
1480:Bayuvi Dupki–Dzhindzhiritsa
512:
410:Panorama of Pirin from the
401:
10:
4642:
3963:10.3189/002214310791190947
3908:Polish Academy of Sciences
3834:Пирин. Туристически речник
3723:
3461:Malchev & Sotirov 2015
3419:Malchev & Sotirov 2015
2309:Malchev & Sotirov 2015
2247:Malchev & Sotirov 2015
1885:
1754:
1694:and the provincial centre
1536:Bulgarian National Revival
1497:
1355:), Kozhuharov oksitropis (
955:
630:
433:, the valley of the river
425:Massif. To the north, the
276:UNESCO World Heritage Site
18:
4564:
4480:
4435:
4426:
4361:
4352:
4257:
4248:
4171:
4162:
4104:
3838:Pirin. Tourist Dictionary
1966:A panoramic view of Pirin
1866:
1595:(pop. 6,647 as of 2016),
1377:restricted to Pirin. The
1335:The endemic Pirin poppy (
1262:) and Oriental Hornbeam (
1231:
381:, the highest god of the
231:, with the highest peak,
215:
180:
175:
165:
154:
149:
141:
133:
125:
120:
81:
71:
61:
56:
44:
38:
33:
28:
3846:
3833:
3810:
3793:
3780:
3763:
3736:
3703:"Church of Holy Trinity"
3437:"Ski Center Information"
1717:Bulgarian State Railways
1522:and was absorbed by the
637:Geologically Pirin is a
619:, Pirin's highest summit
459:Sandanski–Petrich Valley
4129:Second Bulgarian Empire
3018:Official Site of UNESCO
2503:"Melnik Earth Pyramids"
1856:Second Bulgarian Empire
1702:, and the second class
1518:along with most of the
1434:white-backed woodpecker
1381:are represented by 165
1216:is located in the deep
713:(7,200–7,500 ft).
51:Pirin scenery in winter
4399:Science and technology
4124:First Bulgarian Empire
3872:Perry, Julian (2010).
3853:] (in Bulgarian).
3768:Encyclopaedia Bulgaria
3743:] (in Bulgarian).
1912:Popinolashki waterfall
1828:
1764:
1584:
1558:Kresna–Razlog uprising
1454:short-toed snake eagle
1361:), Urumov oksitropis (
1358:Oxytropis kozhuharovii
1342:
1304:) and common juniper (
1274:) and European beech (
1241:
1226:Banski Suhodol Glacier
1063:Popinolashki waterfall
987:Temperature inversions
965:
931:
628:
620:
525:
414:
255:separates it from the
21:Pirin (disambiguation)
4029:"Pirin National Park"
4009:"Pirin National Park"
3939:Journal of Glaciology
3891:Gachev, Emil (2011).
3764:Енциклопедия България
3014:"Pirin National Park"
3001:Dimitrova et al. 2004
2977:Dimitrova et al. 2004
2965:Dimitrova et al. 2004
2953:Dimitrova et al. 2004
2908:Dimitrova et al. 2004
2896:Dimitrova et al. 2004
2815:Dimitrova et al. 2004
2670:Dimitrova et al. 2004
2653:Dimitrova et al. 2004
2585:Dimitrova et al. 2004
2573:Dimitrova et al. 2004
2550:Dimitrova et al. 2004
2379:Dimitrova et al. 2004
2338:Dimitrova et al. 2004
2271:Dimitrova et al. 2004
2185:Dimitrova et al. 2004
2036:Geography of Bulgaria
1899:Upper Vasilashko Lake
1844:Church of St Nicholas
1826:
1762:
1579:
1334:
1239:
1061:. The highest one is
963:
936:Melnik Earth Pyramids
929:Melnik Earth Pyramids
926:
626:
614:
520:
409:
366:Melnik Earth Pyramids
105:41.76361°N 23.39944°E
4552:World Heritage Sites
4311:Chief of the Defence
3104:on 14 September 2016
2862:Kral, Miloš (1984).
2843:on 14 September 2016
2086:Slavyanka (mountain)
1778:cross-country skiing
1763:A ski zone in Bansko
1589:Blagoevgrad Province
1442:lesser spotted eagle
1410:European pine marten
1345:The total number of
1317:Leontopodium alpinum
1162:Malokamenishki Lakes
439:Momina Klisura Gorge
319:European pine marten
4371:Economic statistics
4154:Bulgaria since 1990
3955:2010JGlac..56..129G
3399:Ministry of Tourism
2041:Pirin National Park
1728:sub-bituminous coal
1540:Paisius of Hilendar
1476:World Heritage Site
1469:Pirin National Park
1379:non-vascular plants
1265:Carpinus orientalis
1240:A panorama of Pirin
1071:Sandanska Bistritsa
964:Low clouds in Pirin
272:Pirin National Park
101: /
4626:Macedonia (region)
4119:Old Great Bulgaria
4047:. Bulgaria Walking
4015:on 10 January 2016
3533:on 15 October 2016
3366:, pp. 231–232
2934:on 19 October 2016
2352:, pp. 128–129
2261:, pp. 127–128
2199:, pp. 367–368
2028:Environment portal
1829:
1798:Dolna Gradeshnitsa
1765:
1688:European route E79
1585:
1554:Congress of Berlin
1364:Oxytropis urumovii
1343:
1307:Juniperus communis
1292:) and Scots pine (
1242:
1067:Pirinska Bistritsa
978:Azores anticyclone
966:
932:
820:Banderishki Chukar
641:forming a massive
629:
621:
526:
415:
245:Slavyanka Mountain
110:41.76361; 23.39944
57:Highest point
4593:
4592:
4560:
4559:
4422:
4421:
4348:
4347:
4330:Political parties
4318:National Assembly
4272:Foreign relations
4244:
4243:
4226:Rhodope Mountains
4149:People's Republic
4060:Pirin terrain map
4045:"Pirin Mountains"
3883:978-1-85284-574-2
3864:978-954-577-899-5
3847:Планински туризъм
2762:, pp. 49, 63
2081:Rhodope Mountains
1941:Banderishki Lakes
1528:Byzantine Empires
1512:Early Middle Ages
1289:Pinus heldreichii
1286:), Bosnian pine (
1259:Quercus pubescens
1180:Polezhanski Lakes
1144:Valyavishki Lakes
1132:Banderishki Lakes
1022:Valyavishki Lakes
874:Bashliyski Chukar
651:metamorphic rocks
568:homonymous summit
257:Rhodope Mountains
204:
203:
4633:
4621:Horsts (geology)
4573:
4433:
4432:
4389:
4359:
4358:
4255:
4254:
4191:Cities and towns
4181:Balkan Peninsula
4176:Balkan Mountains
4169:
4168:
4114:Odrysian kingdom
4090:
4083:
4076:
4067:
4066:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4024:
4022:
4020:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3987:
3981:. Archived from
3936:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3897:
3887:
3868:
3851:Mountain Tourism
3841:
3828:
3805:
3788:
3775:
3758:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3620:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3529:. Archived from
3519:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3433:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3396:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3321:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3291:
3272:
3271:
3255:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3214:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3100:. Archived from
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3074:on 27 March 2019
3070:. Archived from
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2979:, pp. 84–85
2974:
2968:
2967:, pp. 87–90
2962:
2956:
2955:, pp. 92–94
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2930:. Archived from
2920:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2898:, pp. 74–75
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2868:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2839:. Archived from
2829:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2656:
2655:, pp. 57–58
2650:
2644:
2638:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2588:
2587:, pp. 50–51
2582:
2576:
2570:
2553:
2547:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2499:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2469:
2456:
2450:
2439:
2433:
2424:
2418:
2399:
2393:
2382:
2376:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2312:
2306:
2295:
2289:
2274:
2273:, pp. 52–53
2268:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2235:
2229:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2171:
2165:
2152:
2146:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1963:
1951:
1937:
1922:
1908:
1896:
1852:Rozhen Monastery
1848:Kordopulov House
1827:Rozhen Monastery
1566:First Balkan War
1524:Bulgarian Empire
1462:peregrine falcon
1375:Pirinia koenigii
1322:Baikushev's pine
1295:Pinus sylvestris
1174:Bashliyski Lakes
1138:Vasilashki Lakes
1107:Balkan Peninsula
1059:Balkan Mountains
1044:Samodivski Lakes
1039:
1017:
856:Kamenishka Kukla
661:and crystalline
453:, including the
370:Rozhen Monastery
227:in southwestern
222:
220:[ˈpirin]
217:
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4542:Public holidays
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4186:Black Sea coast
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3991:
3989:
3988:on 2 April 2015
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3565:"Rock Climbing"
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1986:Bulgaria portal
1984:
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1897:
1888:
1869:
1833:alpine climbing
1757:
1712:Struma motorway
1698:with Greece at
1574:
1500:
1352:Papaver degenii
1347:vascular plants
1338:Papaver degenii
1326:Bulgarian state
1277:Fagus sylvatica
1234:
1206:
1192:Sinanishko Lake
1168:Prevalski Lakes
1126:Kremenski Lakes
1100:A total of 176
1095:mineral springs
1050:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1018:
1007:
958:
921:
706:U-shaped valley
635:
609:
515:
404:
399:
383:Slavic pantheon
295:Macedonian pine
208:Pirin Mountains
161:
109:
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100:
95:
92:
90:
88:
87:
52:
29:Pirin Mountains
24:
17:
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4404:Stock Exchange
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4340:Prime Minister
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4134:Ottoman period
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4102:
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4099: articles
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4085:
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4003:
4002:External links
4000:
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3590:"Golf Courses"
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2871:Preslia, Praha
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2098:mountain group
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2017:
2014:Ecology portal
2003:
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1954:Sinanitsa Lake
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1861:Yane Sandanski
1859:revolutionary
1816:, Simitli and
1756:
1753:
1641:Gorna Sushitsa
1573:
1570:
1542:and author of
1499:
1496:
1341:) under Vihren
1250:subalpine line
1233:
1230:
1218:Golemiya Kazan
1205:
1204:
1199:
1197:Bezbozhko Lake
1194:
1189:
1186:Tipitski Lakes
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1150:Chairski Lakes
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1116:
1075:Melnishka reka
1041:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1019:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1003:
997:are frequent.
974:Alpine climate
957:
954:
927:A view of the
920:
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901:
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784:Malak Polezhan
781:
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769:
766:Banski Suhodol
763:
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750:
608:
605:
552:Banski Suhodol
514:
511:
403:
400:
398:
395:
280:relict species
265:Banski Suhodol
225:mountain range
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4407:
4405:
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4400:
4397:
4395:
4394:National bank
4392:
4390:
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4364:
4363:
4360:
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4288:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4280:
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4270:
4268:
4265:
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4260:
4259:
4256:
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4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4098:
4091:
4086:
4084:
4079:
4077:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4061:
4058:
4046:
4042:
4030:
4026:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4005:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3928:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3875:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3843:
3839:
3830:
3826:
3824:954-649-717-7
3820:
3816:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3790:
3786:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3760:
3756:
3754:954-528-313-0
3750:
3746:
3742:
3733:
3732:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3667:, p. 142
3666:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3650:, p. 110
3649:
3644:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3553:
3548:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3512:, p. 147
3511:
3506:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3474:
3469:
3463:, p. 146
3462:
3457:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3421:, p. 137
3420:
3415:
3400:
3393:
3387:
3380:
3375:
3373:
3365:
3360:
3354:, p. 131
3353:
3348:
3346:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3269:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3244:
3236:
3234:0-520-20497-2
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3206:
3205:Whittow, Mark
3200:
3194:, p. 232
3193:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3002:
2997:
2991:, p. 189
2990:
2985:
2978:
2973:
2966:
2961:
2954:
2949:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2909:
2904:
2897:
2892:
2876:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2816:
2811:
2804:
2799:
2793:, p. 188
2792:
2787:
2781:, p. 187
2780:
2775:
2767:
2761:
2756:
2750:, p. 129
2749:
2744:
2738:, p. 231
2737:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2715:, p. 384
2714:
2709:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2683:
2678:
2671:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2654:
2649:
2643:, p. 230
2642:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2618:, p. 130
2617:
2612:
2606:, p. 186
2605:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2586:
2581:
2574:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2529:, p. 312
2528:
2523:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2455:, p. 184
2454:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2438:, p. 129
2437:
2432:
2430:
2423:, p. 229
2422:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2397:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2363:
2358:
2351:
2346:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2311:, p. 106
2310:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2294:, p. 128
2293:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2272:
2267:
2260:
2255:
2249:, p. 105
2248:
2243:
2241:
2234:, p. 368
2233:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2198:
2193:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2170:, p. 127
2169:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2151:, p. 228
2150:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
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2062:
2059:
2057:
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2047:
2044:
2042:
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2018:
2015:
2004:
2001:
2000:Europe portal
1990:
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1945:
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1902:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1872:Pirin Glacier
1864:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1806:Marikostinovo
1803:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1774:alpine skiing
1771:
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1657:Novo Delchevo
1654:
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1626:
1622:
1618:
1617:Gotse Delchev
1614:
1610:
1606:
1603:(26,023) and
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1578:
1569:
1568:(1912–1913).
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1532:Ottoman Turks
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1516:Slavic tribes
1513:
1509:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
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1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
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1388:
1384:
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1376:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1271:Quercus robur
1267:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1202:Salzitsa Lake
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:Vlahini Lakes
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1102:glacial lakes
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1045:
1038:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1002:
998:
996:
990:
988:
982:
979:
975:
971:
962:
953:
950:
947:
942:
937:
930:
925:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
904:Hvoynati Vrah
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
838:Malka Todorka
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
751:
749:
747:
743:
738:
735:
730:
728:
724:
723:swallow holes
720:
716:
711:
707:
703:
699:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
634:
625:
618:
613:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
588:
584:
580:
575:
574:Central Pirin
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
531:
524:
519:
510:
508:
507:Mount Olympus
504:
500:
496:
495:Sierra Nevada
492:
488:
484:
480:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:Razlog Valley
428:
427:Predel Saddle
424:
420:
413:
412:Razlog Valley
408:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
379:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
354:Gotse Delchev
351:
347:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
303:Bulgarian fir
300:
296:
292:
289:
285:
281:
277:
274:, declared a
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
241:Rila Mountain
236:
234:
230:
226:
221:
213:
209:
200:
196:
192:
188:
185:
183:
179:
174:
171:
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136:
132:
128:
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119:
114:
86:
84:
80:
76:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
55:
48:
43:
36:
32:
27:
22:
4500:Coat of arms
4465:Demographics
4306:Armed Forces
4282:Human rights
4262:Constitution
4210:
4139:Principality
4049:. Retrieved
4033:. Retrieved
4017:. Retrieved
4013:the original
3990:. Retrieved
3983:the original
3942:
3938:
3919:. Retrieved
3903:
3899:
3876:. Cicerone.
3873:
3850:
3837:
3814:
3797:
3784:
3767:
3740:
3710:. Retrieved
3706:
3697:
3685:. Retrieved
3681:
3672:
3665:Dushkov 1972
3648:Dushkov 1972
3643:
3631:. Retrieved
3627:
3597:. Retrieved
3593:
3584:
3572:. Retrieved
3568:
3559:
3554:, p. 21
3552:Dushkov 1972
3547:
3535:. Retrieved
3531:the original
3526:
3517:
3510:Dushkov 1972
3505:
3493:. Retrieved
3489:
3480:
3475:, p. 73
3473:Dushkov 1972
3468:
3456:
3444:. Retrieved
3440:
3414:
3402:. Retrieved
3398:
3386:
3381:, p. 17
3379:Dushkov 1972
3359:
3332:. Retrieved
3328:
3302:. Retrieved
3298:
3251:
3243:
3210:
3199:
3156:. Retrieved
3152:
3143:
3131:. Retrieved
3127:
3118:
3106:. Retrieved
3102:the original
3097:
3088:
3076:. Retrieved
3072:the original
3067:
3058:
3046:. Retrieved
3042:
3033:
3021:. Retrieved
3017:
3008:
3003:, p. 81
2996:
2984:
2972:
2960:
2948:
2936:. Retrieved
2932:the original
2927:
2910:, p. 91
2903:
2891:
2879:. Retrieved
2874:
2870:
2857:
2845:. Retrieved
2841:the original
2836:
2817:, p. 76
2810:
2805:, p. 24
2798:
2786:
2774:
2755:
2743:
2708:
2703:, p. 16
2701:Dushkov 1972
2684:, p. 14
2682:Dushkov 1972
2677:
2672:, p. 58
2648:
2611:
2580:
2575:, p. 51
2552:, p. 50
2522:
2510:. Retrieved
2506:
2480:. Retrieved
2476:
2398:, p. 11
2396:Dushkov 1972
2381:, p. 55
2364:, p. 10
2362:Dushkov 1972
2357:
2345:
2340:, p. 53
2333:
2328:, p. 15
2326:Dushkov 1972
2266:
2254:
2192:
2187:, p. 52
1870:
1837:
1830:
1790:
1766:
1725:
1681:
1615:(2,377) and
1586:
1543:
1508:Roman Empire
1501:
1466:
1458:saker falcon
1450:golden eagle
1446:booted eagle
1395:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1336:
1328:in 681 AD.
1315:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1207:
1120:Popovo Lakes
1099:
1079:Vlahina reka
1051:
999:
991:
983:
967:
951:
933:
886:Muratov Vrah
790:Bayuvi Dupki
739:
731:
695:
636:
592:
591:
573:
572:
529:
527:
475:
455:Kresna Gorge
443:Paril Saddle
416:
390:
376:
374:
339:
299:Bosnian pine
269:
237:
207:
205:
182:Type of rock
4366:Agriculture
4323:Chairperson
4299:enforcement
4231:Sredna Gora
4196:Earthquakes
3949:: 129–142.
3624:"Landmarks"
3217:Los Angeles
3158:10 December
3133:10 December
3078:10 December
3048:10 December
2760:Gechev 2011
1876:Graham Land
1696:Blagoevgrad
1613:Dobrinishte
1283:Pinus peuce
1254:alpine line
1111:Popovo Lake
1042:One of the
1020:One of the
880:Kralev Dvor
844:Chengelchal
796:Yalovarnika
708:, cirques,
698:Pleistocene
679:Precambrian
667:amphibolite
593:South Pirin
530:North Pirin
350:Dobrinishte
108: /
83:Coordinates
4600:Categories
4532:Literature
4388:(currency)
4277:Government
4062:by Geopsis
4051:16 October
4035:16 October
4019:16 October
3729:References
3678:"Old City"
3223:. p.
2989:Perry 2010
2791:Perry 2010
2779:Perry 2010
2604:Perry 2010
2453:Perry 2010
1880:Antarctica
1810:Musomishta
1704:II-19 road
1686:, part of
1637:Dzhigurovo
1550:liberation
1430:boreal owl
1398:brown bear
1312:bilberries
1301:Pinus mugo
995:Avalanches
939:result of
832:Momin Dvor
802:Kaymakchal
691:Quaternary
631:See also:
615:A view to
521:A view to
503:Mount Etna
485:after the
307:brown bear
121:Dimensions
96:23°23′58″E
93:41°45′49″N
4455:Languages
4445:Education
4414:Transport
4335:President
4267:Elections
4206:Provinces
4164:Geography
3979:130305078
3971:0022-1430
3916:0081-6434
3910:: 47–68.
2877:: 161–163
2104:Citations
2095:Belasitsa
1796:, Vlahi,
1786:snowboard
1677:Lazhnitsa
1669:Dobrotino
1665:Breznitsa
1633:Lilyanovo
1611:(7,369),
1601:Sandanski
1599:(3,267),
1504:Thracians
1414:wild boar
1402:gray wolf
1393:species.
1246:tree line
1214:Snezhnika
1087:Disilitsa
1005:Hydrology
916:Sinanitsa
850:Disilitsa
778:Kamenitsa
683:Hercynian
671:quartzite
643:anticline
601:Sveshtnik
523:Sinanitsa
471:Ograzhden
467:Maleshevo
447:Slavyanka
397:Geography
391:Perinthos
358:Sandanski
323:wild boar
311:gray wolf
261:Snezhnika
212:Bulgarian
199:limestone
150:Geography
73:Elevation
35:Bulgarian
4580:Category
4527:Language
4472:Religion
4381:Industry
4250:Politics
4236:Villages
4097:Bulgaria
3207:(1996).
1972:See also
1802:Levunovo
1782:biathlon
1770:ski runs
1684:I-1 road
1673:Kornitsa
1621:Brezhani
1422:roe deer
1418:red deer
1389:and 367
1210:glaciers
946:Pliocene
826:Dzhengal
772:Polezhan
689:and the
653: —
564:Polezhan
556:Koncheto
513:Division
499:Pyrenees
487:Caucasus
457:and the
437:and the
402:Overview
387:Thracian
368:and the
331:roe deer
327:red deer
293:species
229:Bulgaria
223:) are a
170:Bulgaria
4571:Outline
4517:Customs
4505:Cuisine
4482:Culture
4428:Society
4409:Tourism
4354:Economy
4201:Islands
4144:Tsardom
4106:History
3951:Bibcode
3945:(195).
3774:Press).
3724:Sources
3712:23 July
3687:23 July
3633:23 July
3599:23 July
3574:23 July
3537:23 July
3495:23 July
3446:14 July
3404:14 July
2512:14 July
2482:14 July
2091:Osogovo
1926:Todorka
1886:Gallery
1814:Oshtava
1755:Tourism
1745:tobacco
1741:peanuts
1708:Ilinden
1679:, etc.
1653:Belyovo
1645:Kashina
1593:Simitli
1520:Balkans
1498:History
1492:Orelyak
1426:chamois
1406:wildcat
1370:Pirinia
1091:Retizhe
1057:or the
956:Climate
941:erosion
868:Kuklite
814:Todorka
729:, etc.
710:moraine
687:Neogene
663:schists
659:biotite
587:Orelyak
583:karstic
579:schists
560:granite
463:Vlahina
423:Rhodope
360:, etc.
337:, etc.
335:chamois
315:wildcat
291:endemic
284:conifer
187:granite
176:Geology
166:Country
4585:Portal
4547:Sports
4522:Dances
4495:Cinema
4460:People
4450:Health
4376:Energy
4221:Rivers
3992:9 July
3977:
3969:
3921:9 July
3914:
3880:
3861:
3855:Shumen
3821:
3751:
3334:8 July
3304:8 July
3264:
3231:
3108:7 July
3023:7 July
2938:7 July
2881:25 May
2847:7 July
1867:Honour
1818:Hotovo
1737:grapes
1732:marble
1710:. The
1700:Kulata
1661:Kremen
1629:Ploski
1609:Bansko
1605:Melnik
1597:Kresna
1488:Tisata
1473:UNESCO
1391:lichen
1385:, 329
1232:Nature
1222:Europe
1028:Summit
910:Sivria
898:Bezbog
892:Dzhano
760:Kutelo
754:Vihren
746:Kutelo
742:Vihren
719:ponors
675:marble
655:gneiss
647:graben
617:Vihren
597:Ushite
548:Kutelo
544:Vihren
540:marble
535:Alpine
497:, the
489:, the
483:Europe
451:Struma
362:Melnik
342:Bansko
288:Balkan
249:Struma
233:Vihren
195:marble
191:gneiss
126:Length
66:Vihren
4606:Pirin
4537:Music
4490:Media
4440:Crime
4211:Pirin
3986:(PDF)
3975:S2CID
3935:(PDF)
3896:(PDF)
3849:[
3836:[
3813:[
3796:[
3783:[
3766:[
3745:Sofia
3739:[
3395:(PDF)
2867:(PDF)
1794:Banya
1749:anise
1692:Sofia
1649:Pirin
1625:Vlahi
1484:Yulen
1383:algae
1083:Iztok
1026:Gazey
862:Zabat
808:Gazey
727:caves
715:Karst
639:horst
435:Mesta
389:word
378:Perun
346:Banya
253:Mesta
216:Пирин
134:Width
39:Пирин
4510:wine
4386:Lev
4287:LGBT
4216:Rila
4053:2016
4037:2016
4021:2016
3994:2016
3967:ISSN
3923:2016
3912:ISSN
3878:ISBN
3859:ISBN
3819:ISBN
3749:ISBN
3714:2017
3689:2017
3635:2017
3601:2017
3576:2017
3539:2017
3497:2017
3448:2017
3406:2017
3336:2017
3306:2017
3262:ISBN
3229:ISBN
3160:2017
3135:2017
3110:2017
3080:2017
3050:2017
3025:2017
2940:2017
2883:2024
2849:2017
2766:help
2514:2017
2484:2017
2076:Rila
1928:Peak
1747:and
1490:and
1482:and
1436:and
1424:and
1387:moss
1164:– 34
1152:– 10
1146:– 10
1140:– 12
1134:– 16
1122:– 11
1089:and
1077:and
1055:Rila
1024:and
744:and
734:Rila
702:Alps
673:and
491:Alps
479:Rila
469:and
419:Rila
301:and
263:and
206:The
142:Area
62:Peak
4294:Law
3959:doi
3904:XLV
3225:279
1878:in
1874:on
1188:– 2
1182:– 2
1176:– 4
1170:– 4
1158:– 5
1128:– 5
4602::
3973:.
3965:.
3957:.
3943:56
3941:.
3937:.
3906:.
3902:.
3898:.
3705:.
3680:.
3655:^
3626:.
3609:^
3592:.
3567:.
3525:.
3488:.
3439:.
3426:^
3397:.
3371:^
3344:^
3327:.
3314:^
3297:.
3276:^
3260:.
3258:85
3227:.
3219::
3215:.
3168:^
3151:.
3126:.
3096:.
3066:.
3041:.
3016:.
2926:.
2915:^
2875:56
2873:.
2869:.
2835:.
2822:^
2720:^
2689:^
2660:^
2623:^
2592:^
2557:^
2534:^
2505:.
2492:^
2475:.
2460:^
2443:^
2428:^
2403:^
2386:^
2369:^
2316:^
2299:^
2278:^
2239:^
2204:^
2175:^
2156:^
2111:^
1820:.
1812:,
1808:,
1804:,
1800:,
1784:,
1780:,
1776:,
1743:,
1739:,
1675:,
1671:,
1667:,
1663:,
1659:,
1655:,
1651:,
1647:,
1643:,
1639:,
1635:,
1631:,
1627:,
1623:,
1494:.
1460:,
1456:,
1452:,
1448:,
1444:,
1432:,
1420:,
1416:,
1412:,
1408:,
1404:,
1400:,
1224:.
1085:,
1073:,
1069:,
725:,
721:,
681:,
669:,
665:,
657:,
509:.
501:,
493:,
465:,
372:.
356:,
352:,
348:,
333:,
329:,
325:,
321:,
317:,
313:,
309:,
297:,
267:.
214::
197:,
193:,
189:,
37::
4089:e
4082:t
4075:v
4055:.
4039:.
4023:.
3996:.
3961::
3953::
3925:.
3886:.
3867:.
3827:.
3757:.
3716:.
3691:.
3637:.
3603:.
3578:.
3541:.
3499:.
3450:.
3408:.
3338:.
3308:.
3270:.
3237:.
3162:.
3137:.
3112:.
3082:.
3052:.
3027:.
2942:.
2885:.
2851:.
2768:)
2516:.
2486:.
2093:-
421:–
210:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
