1984:
1692:
481:' style, and even a red sparkling wine. A white Pinotage wine is now being produced by a small number of winemakers in South Africa, an example being from Oude Compagnies Post in the Tulbagh valley. The latest and fastest growing trend is the production of coffee styled Pinotage. The grape is very dependent on the skill and style of winemaking, with well made examples having the potential to produce deep colored, fruity wines that can be accessible early as well as age.
47:
380:
this uniquely South
African wine. Accolades like the 2017 Tim Atkin's South African Red Wine of the Year (awarded to Beeslaar Pinotage) confirms the trend of quality Pinotage wines. Pinotage weighed heavily in favour of Kanonkop cellarmaster Abrie Beeslaar being named the 2017 Winemaker of the Year at the prestigious
379:
In two decades, winemakers and marketers embraced this grape cultivar, which led to the expansion of the market for
Pinotage globally. Competitions like the Absa Top 10 Pinotage Awards, which started in 1997, and initiatives by organisations like the Pinotage Association have assisted in establishing
260:
at
Welgevallen. Meanwhile, Perold continued to visit his former colleagues. Theron showed him the newly grafted vines, and the one that was doing best was selected for propagation and was christened Pinotage. The first wine was made in 1941 at Elsenburg, with the first commercial plantings at Myrtle
391:
Admittedly, even more than 40 years after completely dismissing the grape, many in the United
Kingdom's wine trade (one of South Africa's main export markets) still malign the grape as a whole, but slowly perceptions are changing especially with younger members of the trade becoming strong defenders
387:
Of the 10 most-planted wine grape varieties in South Africa, Pinotage is the only red cultivar to have grown in hectares from 2007 to 2017. In 2017, the SA Wine
Industry Information & Systems (SAWIS) industry body indicated that the total area under Pinotage vines was 6 979 ha, up from 6.5%
375:
From 2007 to 2017, the quality, demand, and supply of
Pinotage grew significantly. From around 3 million litres of Pinotage a year at the turn of the century, domestic sales have increased to over 5 million litres, and exports since 2001 have gone from just over 8 million litres a year to
371:
from
Kanonkop won the 1987 Diner's Club Wine of the year for his Pinotage. Pinotage has since experienced a renaissance in South Africa, with an increasing number of producers exploring a bright and juicy expression of the variety that shows off the fruit rather than oak, and showing real finesse
280:
wine made from
Pinotage became the champion wine (General Smuts Trophy Winner) at the Cape Wine Show of 1959, a feat repeated by Sauer & Rossouw in 1961 with their Pinotage from Kanonkop Wine Estate. The Bellevue wine would become the first to mention Pinotage on its label in 1961, when
312:
visiting in 1976 were unimpressed by
Pinotage, calling the nose "hot and horrible" and comparing the taste to "rusty nails". Throughout its history, the grape has seen its plantings rise and fall due to the current fashion of the South African wine industry. In the early 1990s, after the
501:
of 120 hl/ha (6.8 tons/acre) but older vines tend to lower their yields to as low as 50 hl/ha. Yield restriction is managed through water stress and bunch thinning. In winemaking, controlling the coarseness of the grape and the isoamyl acetate character are two important considerations.
245:, a grape that makes great wine but can be difficult to grow. Perold planted the four seeds from his cross in the garden of his official residence at Welgevallen Experimental Farm and then apparently forgot about them. In 1928 he left the university to take up a job with
497:. Pinotage can be grown via the trellised system or as bushvines (untrellised). The older Pinotage vineyards are predominantly planted as bushvines and it is perceived that these lend to more concentration of fruit and depth to the wine. It has the potential to produce
559:
In recent years South
African winemakers have experimented with producing Pinotage in a lighter style, picking grapes earlier for lower sugar and using whole bunches in fermentation to increase the acidity, a style more similar to the parent grape Pinot Noir.
464:
The majority of the world's plantings of Pinotage is found in South Africa, where it makes up just 6% of the vineyard area but is considered a symbol of the country's distinctive winemaking traditions. It is a required component (30-70%) in
252:
and the garden became overgrown. The university sent in a team to tidy it up, just as Charlie Niehaus happened to pass by. He was a young lecturer who knew about the seedlings, and rescued them from the clean-up team.
556:
followed by limited oak exposures as another means of taming the more negative characteristics of the grape while maintaining its fruitiness. Newer clones have shown some potential as well.
273:
and Danie Rossouw, the wines of which have later risen to great fame and can mature up to 25 years, so that this estate has even been called "a formidable leader of Cape's red wine pack."
256:
The young plants were moved to Elsenburg Agricultural College under Perold's successor, CJ Theron. In 1935 Theron grafted them onto newly established Richter 99 and Richter 57
281:
Stellenbosch Farmer's Winery (SFW) marketed it under their Lanzerac brand. This early success, and its easy viticulture, prompted a wave of planting during the 1960s.
277:
266:
329:. Towards the end of the 20th century, the grape's fortunes began to turn, and by 1997 it commanded higher prices than any other South African grape.
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657:
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Despite the reputation for easy cultivation, the Pinotage grape has not escaped criticism. A common complaint is the tendency to develop
381:
1918:
842:
705:
604:
112:
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fruit character that Pinotage can produce. Some winemakers have experimented with letting the grapes get very ripe prior to
1740:
335:
has suggested that part of some South African winemakers' disdain for Pinotage stems from the fact that it's a distinctly
339:
while the trend for South African wine is to reflect more European influences and flavours. Despite being a cross from a
627:
2014:
1002:
801:
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191:(Cinsaut was known as "Hermitage" in South Africa at that time, hence the name). It typically produces deep red
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1944:
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close on 19 million litres – contributing an estimated R495 million to the local economy in 2017.
1949:
2019:
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in London, making him the second Kanonkop winemaker to achieve the honour after Beyers Truter in 1991.
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432:. In New Zealand, there are 94 acres (38 ha) of Pinotage. In the US, there are plantings in
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and winemakers ignored Pinotage in favour of more internationally recognised varieties like
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469:". Here it is made into the full range of styles, from easy-drinking quaffing wine and
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359:, Pinotage has yet to develop a significant presence in any other wine region.
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Perold's Hermitage x Pinot. The alternative name 'Herminoir' was considered.
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351:. While not a critique itself, outside of small plantings most notably in
1988:
1939:
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994:
889:"South Africa's Pinotage wine industry shows a decade of growing success"
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Pinotage is a grape variety that was created in South Africa in 1924 by
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wines with smoky, bramble and earthy flavours, sometimes with notes of
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1241:
814:"Higgo Jacobs' Top 10 South African Pinotage Wines – Explore Sideways"
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237:. Perold was attempting to combine the best qualities of the robust
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The vines are vigorous like their parent Cinsaut and easy to grow,
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time but reducing the skin contact can also reduce some of the
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wine intended for cellaring. It is also made into a fortified '
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517:. Since the 1990s, more winemakers have used long and cool
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Pinotage remained relatively obscure internationally until
146:
676:, 2003, p. 261. The John Platter SA Wine Guide (Pty) Ltd.
246:
140:
179:
signature variety. It was cultivated there in 1925 as a
955:
400:
In addition to South Africa, Pinotage is also grown in
746:, Third Edition p. 528. Oxford University Press 2006
164:
143:
203:, but has been criticised for sometimes smelling of
149:
137:
347:grape, Pinotage reflects none of the flavours of a
134:
456:have recently begun experimenting with the grape.
265:. Also in 1941 Pinotage vines were planted at the
2006:
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857:"Tim Atkin South Africa Special Report 2017"
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724:
599:(Rev. reprint ed.). Mitchell Beazley.
525:as well as exposure to French and American
1741:
1727:
978:
964:
693:
51:Pinotage wine from the Stellenbosch region
45:
382:International Wine and Spirit Competition
317:, the world's wine market was opening to
941:
233:, the first Professor of Viticulture at
211:intraspecific cross of two varieties of
1919:Clarification and stabilization of wine
843:"Exceptional growth in Pinotage |"
622:
620:
618:
616:
388:to 7.4% of the total area under vines.
362:
2007:
901:
708:. Pinotage Association. Archived from
630:. Pinotage Association. Archived from
510:that can cause Pinotage to taste like
1722:
959:
940:
706:"Pinotage History : Recognition"
613:
13:
276:The first recognition came when a
14:
2031:
1003:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
925:
521:periods to minimise the volatile
1982:
1690:
796:p. 444. Dorling Kindersley 2005
674:John Platter South African Wines
536:which can be tamed with limited
130:
904:"The fall and rise of Pinotage"
895:
881:
863:
849:
806:
794:The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia
532:The grape is naturally high in
459:
395:
1748:
902:Millar, Rupert (12 May 2020).
776:, p. 186. Harcourt Books 2001
679:
667:
646:
589:
578:
1:
1945:Glossary of viticulture terms
571:
1950:Glossary of winemaking terms
744:The Oxford Companion to Wine
284:
7:
687:"Genl Smuts Trophy Winners"
563:
372:with less ripe extraction.
10:
2036:
1870:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
485:Viticulture and winemaking
224:
80:Perold's Hermitage x Pinot
1978:
1960:History of the wine press
1927:
1911:
1883:
1850:Sparkling wine production
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628:"Pinotage History: Birth"
111:
94:
84:
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64:
56:
44:
28:
23:
2015:Red wine grape varieties
1955:Wine tasting descriptors
1676:Wine tasting descriptors
1605:Phenolic content in wine
1497:Alternative wine closure
1081:Great French Wine Blight
985:
932:The Pinotage Association
1845:Malolactic fermentation
597:Vines, grapes and wines
585:Random House Dictionary
301:that often smells like
297:which leads to a sweet
235:Stellenbosch University
217:, not an interspecific
774:Encyclopedia of Grapes
1646:Wine and food pairing
506:is another potential
1297:Muscat of Alexandria
859:. 13 September 2017.
363:Pinotage renaissance
1875:Yeast in winemaking
1827:Carbonic maceration
231:Abraham Izak Perold
57:Color of berry skin
2020:South African wine
1865:Traditional method
1666:Wine personalities
1370:Cabernet Sauvignon
327:Cabernet Sauvignon
2002:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1766:Late harvest wine
1716:
1715:
1453:
1452:
1350:Alicante Bouschet
1098:Judgment of Paris
871:"SAWIS Home Page"
606:978-1-85732-999-5
454:German winemakers
319:South Africa wine
207:. The grape is a
124:
123:
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1987:
1986:
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1736:
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1610:Proteins in wine
1277:Grüner Veltliner
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818:Explore Sideways
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712:on 24 March 2007
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315:end of Apartheid
263:Sir Lowry's Pass
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16:Variety of grape
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1965:History of wine
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1252:Cayetana blanca
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845:. 14 June 2018.
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291:isoamyl acetate
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96:Notable regions
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820:. 28 June 2016
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652:André Dominé:
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634:on 10 May 2007
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491:ripening early
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392:of the grape.
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337:New World wine
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214:Vitis vinifera
201:tropical fruit
177:South Africa's
175:grape that is
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1837:Fermentation
1688:
1671:Wine tasting
1292:Muscat blanc
1262:Chenin blanc
1059:Ancient Rome
911:. Retrieved
907:
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822:. Retrieved
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714:. Retrieved
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636:. Retrieved
632:the original
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531:
519:fermentation
495:sugar levels
488:
463:
460:South Africa
399:
396:Wine regions
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378:
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275:
255:
250:co-operative
228:
212:
209:viticultural
126:
125:
101:Stellenbosch
89:South Africa
68:
35:
18:
1940:Wine bottle
1912:Other steps
1903:Wine cellar
1860:Süssreserve
1552:Wine cellar
1542:Wine bottle
1483:accessories
1481:Packaging,
1440:Tempranillo
1069:Noah's wine
1049:Phoenicians
995:Viticulture
467:Cape blends
422:Switzerland
418:New Zealand
353:New Zealand
349:French wine
261:Grove near
77:Also called
2009:Categories
1819:Maceration
1809:Wine press
1799:Destemming
1750:Winemaking
1656:Wine fraud
1651:Wine fault
1636:Oenophilia
1572:Wine label
1567:Wine glass
1532:Port tongs
1430:Sangiovese
1425:Pinot noir
1385:Douce noir
1312:Rkatsiteli
1257:Chardonnay
1247:Catarratto
1221:by acreage
1195:Biodynamic
1158:Aromatized
947:winemaking
572:References
546:blackberry
538:maceration
508:wine fault
493:with high
473:to barrel-
438:California
295:winemaking
271:Paul Sauer
243:Pinot noir
185:Pinot noir
105:Simonsberg
1771:Noble rot
1661:Winemaker
1641:Sommelier
1577:Wine rack
1557:Wine cork
1547:Wine cave
1537:Screw cap
1507:Corkscrew
1472:New World
1467:Old World
1445:Zinfandel
1420:Mourvèdre
1327:Trebbiano
1267:Colombard
1168:Noble rot
1148:Fortified
1126:Sparkling
1093:New World
908:Hudin.com
770:Oz Clarke
664:edition.)
660:, 2005. (
512:raspberry
479:Port wine
333:Oz Clarke
285:Criticism
258:rootstock
239:Hermitage
1786:Pressing
1708:Glossary
1624:Industry
1517:Jug wine
1512:Decanter
1502:Box wine
1400:Isabella
1395:Grenache
1375:Carignan
1322:Sémillon
1307:Riesling
1302:Palomino
1045:Ancient
1028:Vineyard
1023:Veraison
1008:Oenology
716:29 April
658:Könemann
656:p. 763.
638:29 April
564:Synonyms
542:mulberry
450:Virginia
442:Michigan
430:Zimbabwe
355:and the
341:Burgundy
299:pungency
278:Bellevue
193:varietal
183:between
173:red wine
168:-ə-tahzh
127:Pinotage
24:Pinotage
1970:Terroir
1928:Related
1776:Vintage
1758:Harvest
1703:Outline
1527:Muselet
1489:storage
1380:Cinsaut
1355:Barbera
1282:Macabeo
1242:Aligoté
1200:Organic
1190:Natural
1143:Dessert
1088:Georgia
1038:History
1018:Terroir
1013:Species
913:10 July
824:19 July
742:(ed.),
662:Finnish
554:harvest
534:tannins
515:vinegar
434:Arizona
410:Germany
307:British
293:during
225:History
205:acetone
197:bananas
189:Cinsaut
65:Species
1935:Winery
1898:Solera
1522:Kvevri
1410:Merlot
1405:Malbec
1205:Kosher
1181:Other
1136:Orange
1109:Styles
1076:France
800:
780:
750:
654:Wine,
603:
550:damson
523:esters
499:yields
446:Oregon
424:, the
414:Israel
406:Canada
402:Brazil
219:hybrid
115:number
85:Origin
1885:Aging
1435:Syrah
1390:Gamay
1360:Bobal
1272:Glera
1237:Airén
1229:White
1185:Table
1173:Straw
1163:Fruit
1121:White
1064:China
943:Wines
345:Rhône
323:Syrah
303:paint
241:with
181:cross
171:is a
37:Vitis
31:Grape
1487:and
1216:Top
1131:Rosé
987:Wine
945:and
915:2020
826:2017
798:ISBN
778:ISBN
748:ISBN
718:2007
640:2007
601:ISBN
548:and
475:aged
471:rosé
448:and
428:and
343:and
325:and
199:and
187:and
119:9286
113:VIVC
1893:Oak
1342:Red
1153:Ice
1116:Red
527:oak
269:by
247:KWV
166:PIN
60:Red
2011::
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156:ʒ
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147:ə
144:n
141:ɪ
138:p
135:ˈ
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