283:
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383:, having exclusively fulfilled Britain's wartime requirements and even managing to expand its export activities. While there was no reintroduction of the pre-war quota arrangements and its historic undertakings with individual merchants were abandoned during 1950, the company still entered an export agreement with its competitors in the European mainland. Further reforms to its business practices were made in response to the enactment of the
295:
638:, which had previously built up a 20 percent stake in the business by 2002. The initial bid and the first revised bid were not accepted, however, on 16 February 2006, NSG increased its offer for the 80 percent it did not already own to 165 pence per share (£1.8 billion or $ 3.14 billion in total) and this was accepted by Pilkington's major institutional shareholders, enabling NSG to compulsorily acquire by
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36:
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through a network of licensing agreements with glass manufacturers around the world. The modern "float" technique (pouring the molten glass on a layer of very pure molten tin) became commercially widespread when
Alastair Pilkington developed a practical version, patented in the late 1950s and early
273:
that released other businesses from several licensing terms. In late 2005, the company received an initial takeover bid from NSG; a second and more generous bid was accepted by
Pilkington's key shareholders. The acquisition was completed during June 2006; the combined company has since competed for
602:
Electro Optics which was renamed
Pilkington Thorn Optronics. Three years later, Thomson-CSF purchased another 40% of Pilkington Optronics from Pilkington and the remainder in 2000 to make it a wholly owned subsidiary. In 2000, Thomson-CSF was renamed Thales and Pilkington Optronics Ltd. became
442:
report in 1967, concluded that
Pilkington and Triplex operations were efficient and entrepreneurial and, despite their high share of the UK glass trade, operated in a manner suited to consumers' best interests. At the time, the majority of the company's shareholding was largely in the hands of
502:, a large British-based conglomerate group, which valued the company at $ 1.64 billion. Pilington's management rejected the offer and fought a successful defensive campaign in which various politicians took sides in the matter, thus BTR was compelled to withdraw its offer in February 1987.
559:
Pilkington from enforcing these restrictions against its US licensees, or against US non-licensees, or against non-US licensees wishing to export either technology or glass products to the United States. The agreement came into force on 22 December 1994, and expired ten years later.
317:. The company grew to become the biggest employer in St Helens. The distinctive blue-glass head office tower block on Alexandra Business Park, off Prescot Road, originally used as the firm's world headquarters, and completed in 1964, still dominates the town's skyline.
410:
by numerous manufacturers around the world. Amongst other benefits, these licensing arrangements often helped the company to further its interests, including the expansion of its presence in the
European market and even gaining stakes in other manufacturers.
642:
the smaller holdings of other shareholders, many of them being existing and retired employees, who had not wished to support the takeover. The combined company would compete for global leadership in the glass industry with the leading
Japanese glassmaker
542:
by exercising control over the markets in which its licensees could sell float glass and construct float-glass manufacturing plants, and over the customers within each market to which each licensee could serve. It was claimed this was a violation of the
530:
had tried to challenge
Pilkington's dominance but had made a secret agreement to prevent new entrants into the market, with Guardian taking the lead to enable Pilkington, a British company, to reduce its exposure to United States antitrust law.
339:
Throughout the first half of the twentieth century, the company struck a series of market agreements with various domestic and
European glass manufacturers of varying effectiveness. European competitors, particularly those based in
418:
to finance its investments in float glass plants across several countries, including
Argentina, Australia, Canada and Sweden, and also to acquire major existing flat and safety glass producers and plants in the United States
375:
each other; furthermore, Pilkington agreed to purchase any shares in the firm that Chance's owners wished to sell, thus it gradually built up a sizable stake in the firm. In 1951, Chance became wholly owned by
Pilkington.
973:
2196:
344:, had applied considerable competitive pressure to Britain's glass making industry; Pilkington was less susceptible due to a strong focus on exports and international developments throughout the
1263:
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3462:
313:
The company was founded in 1826 as a partnership between members of the Pilkington and Greenall families, based in St Helens, Lancashire, England. The venture used the trading name of
5309:
230:. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Pilkington invested heavily into its manufacturing sites and acquired numerous overseas competitors. It also became a major world supplier of
3133:
654:
stated that it would not be opposed. At the time of the merger, Pilkington and NSG had been the second- and third-largest glass manufacturers in the world, respectively.
526:
Although the patents had expired by the early 1980s, Pilkington had licensed their use, and required the licensees to keep the details of the float glass process secret.
5268:
551:
which it might have had in the process used by the licensees had long since become publicly known. On the same day, the US government and Pilkington filed a proposed
2154:
981:
781:
1406:
567:
imposed a fine of €357 million on Pilkington, along with three other glass manufacturers, for its part in a five-year price-fixing scheme used in car windscreens.
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leadership failed to provide any support, as they were too closely bound to management and government circles, with the result that strike leaders were
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214:, fulfilling all wartime demands and emerged in a relatively strong position in the conflict's aftermath. During the 1950s, Pilkington employees
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1960s. As Pilkington plc owned all but one of the manufacturing plants around the world employing the float process, Pilkington had a
3996:
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in 1894. In 1903, it became the sole British manufacturer of plate glass as well as the dominant producer of sheet glass. After the
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406:, avoiding the costly need to grind and polish plate glass to make it clear. Pilkington allowed the float process to be used
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647:, which had around a quarter of the global market at the time of the deal. Pilkington had 19% and NSG around half that.
187:, the company gradually grew to become the largest employer in St Helens, where it was originally based. It was renamed
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in 1845 following the ending of the partnership with the Greenall family, the business continued to expand, becoming
1219:
3903:
3293:
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1419:
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coated float glass product, called Pilkington Activ. This self-cleaning glass has a coating which uses a method of
336:. In 1903, it became the sole British manufacturer of plate glass as well as the dominant producer of sheet glass.
1171:
1144:
5195:
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352:. The company also invested heavily into its manufacturing capabilities, such as a new plate glass works outside
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3392:
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3193:
912:
814:
487:, although the BBC insisted on a change in the name and location of the company, so that the film is set at a
253:; prior to this, the firm had been owned by a combination of descendants of the Pilkington family and several
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during 1970, sparked off by an error in wage packets, brought 8,000 workers out for nearly two months. The
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mirrors and structures business of Thales Optronics Limited to GSI Group Inc. for an undisclosed amount.
20:
5105:
372:
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1960:
1125:
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which it successfully warded off. During the 1990s, amid allegations that Pilkington had organised a
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Following the departure from the partnership of the last Greenall in 1845, the firm was renamed as
196:
618:
In November 2006, Thales Optronics Limited announced the closure of its manufacturing facility in
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Thomson-CSF acquired 50% of Pilkington Optronics in 1991. In 1995, Pilkington Optronics acquired
451:
363:, Pilkington was one of only two large glass manufacturers remaining in Britain, the other being
246:
203:, Pilkington was one of only two large glass manufacturers remaining in Britain, the other being
5201:
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1915:
1726:
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432:
427:, in which it gradually acquired a controlling interest, also became a major world supplier of
235:
2139:
1087:
477:. Anti-union legislation was introduced by central government. These events were recreated in
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due to its hold on the float glass market, the US government and Pilkington filed a proposed
250:
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717:
to break down organic dirt with sunlight. The dirt is then washed away by the rain during a
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367:, which mostly produced cast glass. The two companies formed various agreements during the
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8:
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formed a new subsidiary, Pilkington Optronics, in order to group together the company's
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In late 2005, the company received a takeover bid from a bigger Japanese company,
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2013:
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1008:
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368:
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360:
282:
227:
204:
200:
1786:
974:"International Technologies Consultants Inc v Pilkington Plc, Case No. 94-17143"
379:
Pilkington found itself in a relatively strong position in the aftermath of the
164:, England. It includes several legal entities in the UK, and is a subsidiary of
5175:
5147:
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1983:
1796:
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1631:
1506:
1491:
1456:
714:
552:
499:
428:
345:
270:
262:
231:
177:
124:
1556:
207:; the firm gradually expanded its stake in Chance, fully acquired it in 1951.
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1998:
1950:
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592:
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1411:
35:
5029:
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2414:
2023:
2008:
1920:
1910:
1806:
1566:
1360:
1088:"Glassmakers fined record €1.4bn for price-fixing by European regulators"
718:
644:
591:. Pilkington PE later became Thales Optics Ltd., which was divested from
395:
219:
54:
5239:
5189:
4979:
4673:
4546:
4501:
4380:
4348:
4255:
4208:
4056:
4041:
3724:
3632:
3571:
3143:
2897:
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2644:
2555:
2479:
2469:
2424:
2357:
2277:
2235:
2053:
1621:
697:
583:
businesses: Pilkington PE located in North Wales (formed in 1966), and
556:
161:
86:
5119:
5004:
4959:
4906:
4306:
4284:
4031:
3986:
3749:
3596:
3057:
2917:
2760:
2664:
2454:
2372:
2337:
2297:
2292:
2108:
2033:
2018:
1776:
1761:
1681:
1601:
1576:
1526:
623:
622:, Somerset, with the loss of 180 jobs. In June 2007, Thales sold the
599:
580:
478:
353:
226:
for many other manufacturers to use this new process in exchange for
1264:"NSG to proceed with recommended cash acquisition of Pilkington plc"
4999:
4989:
4871:
4750:
4668:
4556:
4375:
4279:
4016:
3941:
3819:
3326:
3158:
2942:
2449:
2220:
1044:
Professions and Intellectual Property Section, Antitrust Division,
1003:
Professions and Intellectual Property Section, Antitrust Division,
520:
294:
287:
4901:
4760:
4521:
4365:
4355:
4122:
4110:
4006:
3991:
3971:
3744:
3534:
2999:
2845:
2520:
2404:
2342:
2332:
2252:
2225:
2128:
2103:
2003:
1636:
1546:
1541:
1511:
1051:
Final Judgment: US v. Pilkington plc and Pilkington Holdings Inc.
934:
619:
611:, a British reconnaissance equipment manufacturer, including the
588:
341:
5034:
4896:
4806:
4735:
3667:
3586:
3500:
3316:
2947:
2835:
2780:
2525:
2352:
2262:
2215:
2169:
1756:
1651:
539:
511:
266:
157:
1401:
414:
During the 1960s and 1970s, Pilkington used the flow of float
140:
4770:
4250:
4071:
3981:
3794:
3546:
3470:
3153:
2922:
2347:
2312:
2113:
2073:
2048:
1696:
1571:
1501:
1123:
615:, who now operate as Thales Optronics (Bury St Edmunds) Ltd.
488:
305:
165:
111:
Glass and glazing solutions for automotive and architectural.
1394:
1010:
Complaint: US v. Pilkington plc and Pilkington Holdings Inc.
172:(NSG). It was formerly an independent company listed on the
3203:
2267:
1169:
394:(no family relation) and Kenneth Bickerstaff invented the
218:(no family relation) and Kenneth Bickerstaff invented the
4683:
4326:
4134:
3509:
403:
538:
filed suit on the grounds that Pilkington had created a
423:), Germany and France. Pilkington, with its subsidiary
5310:
Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange
650:
The acquisition was completed in June 2006, after the
435:
to the automotive, aerospace and building industries.
3114:
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
1304:"Case No COMP/M.4173 – Nippon Sheet Glass/Pilkington"
398:
process, a revolutionary method of high-quality flat
3184:
Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors
1220:"GSI Group buys Thales Optronics beryllium business"
978:
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
905:
1239:
1237:
1107:"Pilkington loses appeal against €357m cartel fine"
547:, because Pilkington's patents had expired and any
356:in 1922, and introduced new production techniques.
156:is a glass-manufacturing company which is based in
672:1932–1949: Geoffrey Langton Pilkington (1885–1972)
5281:
1407:Pilkington energiKare – Energy Efficient Glazing
1234:
669:1921–1931: Richard Austin Pilkington (1871–1951)
666:1914–1921: Arthur Richard Pilkington (1871–1921)
257:. In late 1985, Pilkington was the subject of a
3414:Town and country planning in the United Kingdom
3224:Electrical Contractors' Association of Scotland
402:by floating molten glass over a bath of molten
5315:Former defence companies of the United Kingdom
4970:British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association
3312:Association for Environment Conscious Building
494:In late 1985, Pilkington was the subject of a
443:various descendants of the original owners or
5215:Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents
3456:
3264:National Federation of Demolition Contractors
3254:National Access and Scaffolding Confederation
2155:
1427:
1329:"History of Pilkington PLC – FundingUniverse"
3149:British Constructional Steelwork Association
1071:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1029:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
815:"Former Pilkington HQ on the market for £7m"
390:Between 1953 and 1957, Pilkington employees
5300:Manufacturing companies established in 1826
5290:Glassmaking companies of the United Kingdom
3089:Chief Construction Adviser to UK Government
2171:Construction industry of the United Kingdom
1441:
919:. 21 November 1986 – via NYTimes.com.
5220:Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders
3463:
3449:
3373:Building regulations in the United Kingdom
2162:
2148:
1434:
1420:
776:
774:
772:
770:
210:The company performed strongly during the
34:
5330:British subsidiaries of foreign companies
3997:Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains
3472:Automotive industry in the United Kingdom
3388:Development control in the United Kingdom
3189:Civil Engineering Contractors Association
3164:Building Engineering Services Association
1707:Pauly & C. - Compagnia Venezia Murano
949:"Pilkington wins its war of independence"
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
274:global leadership of the glass industry.
46:Subsidiary to Nippon Sheet Glass of Japan
3279:Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
1142:
888:
371:to share the domestic market and to not
304:
293:
286:Pilkington Floatglass former factory in
281:
882:
843:
607:. Soon afterward, Thomson-CSF acquired
570:
5282:
5089:Vehicle & Operator Services Agency
1365:The Glassmakers: Pilkington: 1826–1976
1359:
1146:Directory of multinationals – Volume 2
1124:Rolston Gordon Communications (2005).
876:
860:"The end of a long era for Pilkington"
831:
812:
747:
741:
587:(acquired in 1977) which was based in
510:Pilkington aggressively protected its
5325:British companies established in 1826
5074:Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency
3444:
3104:Infrastructure and Projects Authority
2143:
1830:List of defunct glassmaking companies
1415:
1104:
5264:
3358:British Construction Industry Awards
3332:Energy efficiency in British housing
1243:
1105:Hirst, Nicholas (18 December 2014).
782:"Competition Commission Report 1967"
385:Restrictive Trade Practices Act 1956
3483:Manufacturing in the United Kingdom
3289:Society of Construction Arbitrators
3249:Institution of Structural Engineers
3219:Electrical Contractors' Association
2856:Sir Lindsay Parkinson & Company
1194:"Defence jobs to be cut from depot"
1170:Royal Aeronautical Society (1995).
1085:
1046:United States Department of Justice
1005:United States Department of Justice
536:United States Department of Justice
467:General and Municipal Workers Union
13:
3119:National Infrastructure Commission
2766:Cleveland Bridge & Engineering
1343:"Eco glass cleans itself with Sun"
1266:. 27 February 2006. Archived from
962:BTR withdraws offer for Pilkington
889:Williams, John (4 November 2010).
813:Rennie, Sophie (8 November 2023).
629:
14:
5346:
3209:Construction Products Association
3094:Department for Business and Trade
1386:
1290:"Pilkington in Japanese takeover"
951:. building.co.uk. 1 January 2006.
595:in December 2005 as Qioptiq Ltd.
5263:
5254:
5253:
3425:
3424:
3294:Strategic Forum for Construction
3179:Centre for Digital Built Britain
324:. During 1894, the business was
309:A trailer with Pilkington livery
238:via its controlling interest in
5196:Institute of Advanced Motorists
3623:Alternative Chassis Engineering
3577:London Electric Vehicle Company
3269:National House Building Council
3259:National Federation of Builders
3174:Chartered Institute of Building
3169:Building Research Establishment
1352:
1335:
1321:
1296:
1282:
1256:
1244:Tran, Mark (27 February 2006).
1212:
1186:
1163:
1136:
1117:
1098:
1086:Gow, David (13 November 2008).
1079:
1037:
996:
966:
955:
941:
923:
5305:1826 establishments in England
4975:Constellation Automotive Group
3393:Modern methods of construction
3244:Institution of Civil Engineers
980:. 6 March 1998. Archived from
870:
852:
837:
825:
806:
735:
1:
5335:2006 mergers and acquisitions
4756:Transport Research Laboratory
3488:Economy of the United Kingdom
3378:Building regulations approval
3234:Federation of Master Builders
3199:Construction Industry Council
3099:Health & Safety Executive
2801:Holland, Hannen & Cubitts
2187:Economy of the United Kingdom
1767:Sterlite Optical Technologies
1617:Kokomo Opalescent Glass Works
1292:. BBC News. 27 February 2006.
899:britishtelevisiondrama.org.uk
724:
704:
505:
315:St Helens Crown Glass Company
185:St Helens Crown Glass Company
5295:Companies based in St Helens
5084:Vehicle Certification Agency
3284:Scottish Building Federation
2821:Leonard Fairclough & Son
846:The Stock Exchange Year Book
450:During 1970, Pilkington was
290:, Sweden. Closed since 2012.
245:During 1970, Pilkington was
222:process; the firm leveraged
7:
5020:National Tyres and Autocare
4797:Caparo Vehicle Technologies
3274:Refined Bitumen Association
3194:Construction Clients' Group
2861:Sir William Arrol & Co.
2705:Taylor Woodrow Construction
1246:"Pilkington turns Japanese"
1149:. Macmillan. p. 1345.
913:"Pilkinton Bid Made By BTR"
729:
709:Pilkington has developed a
657:
454:as a public company on the
334:Pilkington Brothers Limited
249:as a public company on the
193:Pilkington Brothers Limited
183:Established in 1826 as the
21:Pilkington (disambiguation)
10:
5351:
4234:Whitley Engineering Centre
3322:Code for Sustainable Homes
277:
18:
16:British glass manufacturer
5249:
5097:
5052:
4947:
4859:
4784:
4661:
4650:
4419:
4268:McLaren Technology Centre
4093:
4080:
3902:
3605:
3522:
3496:
3478:
3422:
3350:
3342:UK Green Building Council
3302:
3229:Electrical Safety Council
3132:
3079:
3040:
2885:
2878:
2733:
2607:
2598:
2513:
2392:
2381:
2204:
2195:
2177:
1969:
1838:
1820:
1447:
1369:Weidenfeld & Nicolson
931:"Btr And Pilkington Bros"
176:and a constituent of the
135:
123:
115:
107:
97:
80:
72:
60:
50:
42:
33:
5155:Classic & Sports Car
5079:Driving Standards Agency
5069:Department for Transport
5015:Millbrook Proving Ground
4189:Electric Car Corporation
4037:Roger Dowson Engineering
3912:Advanced Engine Research
3239:Home Builders Federation
3109:Local planning authority
3015:Tarmac Building Products
1557:Firozabad glass industry
1552:Fenton Art Glass Company
844:Skinner, Thomas (1908).
613:Joint Reconnaissance Pod
29:Pilkington Group Limited
4696:Grayson Thermal Systems
3648:British United Traction
3214:Constructing Excellence
2933:Heidelberg Materials UK
2675:McLaughlin & Harvey
1861:Irving Wightman Colburn
1442:Glass makers and brands
1143:Stopford, John (1992).
1130:Microscopy and Analysis
3048:Blue Circle Industries
1222:. Reuters. 4 June 2007
491:in the West Midlands.
433:laminated safety glass
310:
302:
298:Pilkington glass in a
291:
236:laminated safety glass
5064:Automotive Council UK
5025:Pinewood Technologies
4214:Castle Bromwich plant
3957:Ford World Rally Team
3835:Shelvoke & Drewry
3790:Metro Cammell Weymann
3124:Planning Inspectorate
2816:John Brogden and Sons
2363:Turner & Townsend
1926:Henry William Stiegel
1657:Mats Jonasson Målerås
1597:Holmegaard Glassworks
1126:"Dates for the Diary"
640:scheme of arrangement
545:Sherman Antitrust Act
471:Trades Union Congress
456:London Stock Exchange
440:Monopolies Commission
308:
297:
285:
251:London Stock Exchange
174:London Stock Exchange
5233:Top Gear (TV series)
5162:Coach & Bus Week
4912:Jack Barclay Bentley
2893:Aggregate Industries
2866:Trollope & Colls
2685:J. Murphy & Sons
1901:Michael Joseph Owens
1477:Aurora Glass Foundry
1048:(22 December 1994),
819:placenorthwest.co.uk
662:An incomplete list:
605:Thales Optronics Ltd
575:In 1988, Pilkington
571:Pilkington Optronics
425:Triplex Safety Glass
240:Triplex Safety Glass
224:licensing agreements
19:For other uses, see
5226:Top Gear (magazine)
4985:Halfords Autocentre
4827:Laycock Engineering
4052:Triple Eight Racing
3952:Engine Developments
3880:Wales & Edwards
3800:Morrison-Electricar
3770:London Taxi Company
3572:Multidrive Vehicles
3404:Planning permission
3337:Good Homes Alliance
2811:John Aird & Co.
2690:Sir Robert McAlpine
2566:Stewart Milne Group
1989:Bomex/Duran/Endural
1906:Alastair Pilkington
1582:Guardian Industries
1487:Barovier & Toso
1345:. BBC. 8 June 2004.
1054:, CV 94-345-TUC-WDB
684:Alastair Pilkington
652:European Commission
565:European Commission
528:Guardian Industries
392:Alastair Pilkington
322:Pilkington Brothers
216:Alastair Pilkington
189:Pilkington Brothers
99:Number of locations
30:
4882:Group 1 Automotive
4542:Marcos Engineering
4437:Armstrong Siddeley
4386:Marc Nordon Racing
4169:Brabham Automotive
3399:New Civil Engineer
2231:Architecture firms
1851:Richard M. Atwater
1672:Nippon Sheet Glass
1612:Kingdom of Crystal
1532:Dartington Crystal
937:. 15 January 1987.
917:The New York Times
866:. 26 January 2009.
794:on 20 January 2012
330:Companies Act 1862
311:
303:
292:
170:Nippon Sheet Glass
119:Nippon Sheet Glass
103:22 sites in the UK
76:William Pilkington
28:
5277:
5276:
5056:regulatory bodies
5048:
5047:
4877:Ford Retail Group
4855:
4854:
4746:Tata Steel Europe
4711:Lotus Engineering
4646:
4645:
4199:Jaguar Land Rover
3967:Gibson Technology
3898:
3897:
3805:Northern Counties
3582:Mellor Coachcraft
3438:
3437:
3383:Construction News
3082:regulatory bodies
3075:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3022:Tata Steel Europe
2958:Kingspan Off-Site
2874:
2873:
2841:Pauling & Co.
2715:VolkerFitzpatrick
2594:
2593:
2137:
2136:
1946:Tomasz Urbanowicz
1936:Lino Tagliapietra
1931:S. Donald Stookey
1782:Val Saint Lambert
1677:Nižbor glassworks
1592:Hardman & Co.
1200:. 9 November 2006
893:The Rank and File
691:Antony Pilkington
563:During 2008, the
534:In May 1994, the
484:The Rank and File
421:Libbey Owens Ford
151:
150:
5342:
5267:
5266:
5257:
5256:
5169:Commercial Motor
4965:Auto Windscreens
4924:Robins & Day
4832:Lucas Industries
4776:Zytek Automotive
4659:
4658:
4576:Peel Engineering
4562:Longbridge plant
4118:Volkswagen Group
4091:
4090:
3927:Arena Motorsport
3885:Walter Alexander
3530:Alexander Dennis
3520:
3519:
3507:
3506:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3442:
3441:
3428:
3427:
3368:Building control
2975:Painter Brothers
2883:
2882:
2695:Speller Metcalfe
2605:
2604:
2390:
2389:
2202:
2201:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2141:
2140:
1886:Edward D. Libbey
1856:Frederick Carder
1436:
1429:
1422:
1413:
1412:
1402:Official UK site
1398:
1397:
1395:Official website
1381:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1241:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
989:
970:
964:
959:
953:
952:
945:
939:
938:
927:
921:
920:
909:
903:
902:
886:
880:
874:
868:
867:
856:
850:
849:
841:
835:
829:
823:
822:
810:
804:
803:
801:
799:
793:
787:. Archived from
786:
778:
745:
739:
677:Baron Pilkington
496:hostile takeover
461:A rank-and-file
416:royalty payments
400:glass production
381:Second World War
259:hostile takeover
228:royalty payments
212:Second World War
147:
144:
142:
38:
31:
27:
5350:
5349:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5245:
5093:
5057:
5055:
5044:
4943:
4851:
4847:White and Poppe
4780:
4726:Perkins Engines
4701:Johnson Matthey
4655:
4653:
4642:
4482:British Leyland
4415:
4087:
4084:
4076:
4027:Red Bull Racing
3894:
3875:Wadham Stringer
3865:Tilling-Stevens
3825:Seddon Atkinson
3693:East Lancashire
3628:Aveling-Barford
3601:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3503:
3499:
3492:
3474:
3469:
3439:
3434:
3418:
3346:
3298:
3135:
3128:
3081:
3067:
3036:
2870:
2831:Melville Dundas
2741:Alfred McAlpine
2729:
2710:Tilbury Douglas
2600:
2590:
2509:
2440:Crest Nicholson
2384:
2377:
2318:Pell Frischmann
2208:
2206:
2191:
2173:
2168:
2138:
2133:
1971:
1965:
1956:John M. Whitall
1941:W. E. S. Turner
1834:
1822:
1816:
1797:Watts & Co.
1517:Caithness Glass
1449:
1443:
1440:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1355:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1271:
1270:on 16 June 2017
1262:
1261:
1257:
1242:
1235:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1203:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1172:"Who's Growing"
1168:
1164:
1157:
1141:
1137:
1122:
1118:
1103:
1099:
1084:
1080:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1042:
1038:
1022:
1021:
1015:
1013:
1007:(25 May 1994),
1001:
997:
987:
985:
984:on 16 July 2012
972:
971:
967:
960:
956:
947:
946:
942:
929:
928:
924:
911:
910:
906:
887:
883:
875:
871:
858:
857:
853:
842:
838:
830:
826:
811:
807:
797:
795:
791:
784:
780:
779:
748:
740:
736:
732:
727:
707:
696:1995–2006: Sir
689:1980–1995: Sir
682:1973–1980: Sir
660:
632:
630:Takeover by NSG
585:Barr and Stroud
573:
508:
445:employee trusts
369:interwar period
365:Chance Brothers
361:First World War
280:
255:employee trusts
205:Chance Brothers
201:First World War
139:
100:
93:
89:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5348:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5320:Sumitomo Group
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5261:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5236:
5229:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5205:
5198:
5193:
5186:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5123:
5116:
5109:
5101:
5099:
5098:Related topics
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5060:
5058:
5054:Government and
5053:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5040:We Buy Any Car
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4955:ATS Euromaster
4951:
4949:
4948:Other services
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4665:
4663:
4656:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4623:Sunbeam-Talbot
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4492:Clément-Talbot
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4337:Ellesmere Port
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4229:Solihull plant
4226:
4224:Halewood plant
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4160:Goodwood plant
4152:
4147:
4142:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4103:
4097:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3922:AMR GP Limited
3919:
3917:Alpine F1 Team
3914:
3908:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3850:Straker-Squire
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3775:Longwell Green
3772:
3767:
3765:Leyland Motors
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3592:REE Automotive
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3567:Leyland Trucks
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3526:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3504:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3468:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3445:
3436:
3435:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3304:Sustainability
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3080:Government and
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3027:Travis Perkins
3024:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2970:Mero-Schmidlin
2967:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2795:Higgs and Hill
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2725:Willmott Dixon
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2680:Morgan Sindall
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2660:Laing O'Rourke
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2615:Balfour Beatty
2611:
2609:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2571:Taylor Woodrow
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2460:McCarthy Stone
2457:
2452:
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346:British Empire
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263:BTR Industries
178:FTSE 100 Index
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4275:SAIC Motor UK
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4150:Swindon plant
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4047:Team Dynamics
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3815:Reeve Burgess
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3663:Clough, Smith
3661:
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3658:Charles H Roe
3656:
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3653:Carlyle Works
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3498:Companies and
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2776:Connaught plc
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2640:Galliford Try
2638:
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2628:
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2623:
2621:
2620:BAM Construct
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2597:
2587:
2586:Wilson Bowden
2584:
2582:
2581:William Leech
2579:
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2569:
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2546:George Wimpey
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2498:
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2490:Telford Homes
2488:
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2485:Taylor Wimpey
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1309:. 7 June 2006
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722:
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712:
711:self-cleaning
699:
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674:
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549:trade secrets
546:
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516:trade secrets
513:
503:
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492:
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408:under licence
405:
401:
397:
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388:
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377:
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370:
366:
362:
357:
355:
351:
350:South America
347:
343:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
307:
301:
300:Mercedes-Benz
296:
289:
284:
275:
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268:
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197:incorporation
194:
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41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
5238:
5231:
5224:
5207:
5200:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5139:
5134:Auto Express
5132:
5125:
5118:
5111:
5104:
4867:Arnold Clark
4817:Hardy Spicer
4792:Abbey Panels
4730:
4679:Dunlop Tyres
4145:Oxford plant
4106:Aston Martin
4002:Mercedes AMG
3937:Chevron Cars
3557:IBC Vehicles
3552:Dennis Eagle
3429:
2990:Saint-Gobain
2985:RMD Kwikform
2979:
2965:London Brick
2601:construction
2561:McLean Homes
2541:Comben Homes
2536:Bryant Homes
2500:United House
2323:Pick Everard
2283:Elliott Wood
2258:Buro Happold
2182:Construction
1999:Chevron bead
1951:Paolo Venini
1896:Antonio Neri
1876:A. H. Heisey
1787:Vallérysthal
1747:Saint-Gobain
1716:
1667:Mosser Glass
1497:Blenko Glass
1467:Ardagh Group
1462:Arc Holdings
1364:
1361:Barker, T.C.
1353:Bibliography
1337:
1323:
1311:. Retrieved
1298:
1284:
1272:. Retrieved
1268:the original
1258:
1250:The Guardian
1249:
1224:. Retrieved
1214:
1202:. Retrieved
1197:
1188:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1145:
1138:
1129:
1119:
1110:
1100:
1092:The Guardian
1091:
1081:
1056:, retrieved
1050:
1039:
1014:, retrieved
1009:
998:
986:. Retrieved
982:the original
968:
957:
943:
925:
916:
907:
898:
892:
884:
872:
863:
854:
845:
839:
834:, p. 75
827:
818:
808:
796:. Retrieved
789:the original
744:, p. 31
737:
708:
661:
649:
633:
617:
609:W Vinten Ltd
597:
574:
562:
533:
525:
509:
493:
482:
460:
449:
437:
413:
389:
378:
358:
338:
333:
326:incorporated
321:
319:
314:
312:
244:
209:
192:
188:
184:
182:
153:
152:
81:Headquarters
43:Company type
25:
5202:Motor Sport
5127:Auto Trader
5106:AM Magazine
4995:HiQ (tyres)
4860:Dealerships
4837:LucasVarity
4706:Kahn Design
4608:Rover Group
4596:Ryton plant
4517:Frazer Nash
4285:Eco Concept
4184:David Brown
4155:Rolls-Royce
4128:Crewe plant
3977:Kahn Design
3890:Willowbrook
3860:Thornycroft
3760:Leyland DAF
3755:Leyland Bus
3718:Southampton
3005:Speedy Hire
2938:Hope Cement
2786:Dorman Long
2630:Cementation
2625:BAM Nuttall
2551:Ideal Homes
2495:Tilia Homes
2435:Countryside
2207:and support
2024:Dragontrail
2009:CorningWare
1921:Otto Schott
1911:Flavio Poli
1839:Glassmakers
1807:Xinyi Glass
1752:Saint-Louis
1662:Moser Glass
1562:Franz Mayer
1111:politico.eu
877:Barker 1977
832:Barker 1977
798:27 December
742:Barker 1977
719:hydrophilic
700:(born 1946)
693:(1935–2000)
686:(1920–1995)
679:(1905–1983)
675:1949–1973:
645:Asahi Glass
475:blacklisted
396:float glass
220:float glass
143:.pilkington
55:Glassmaking
5284:Categories
5190:Fifth Gear
4980:Green Flag
4731:Pilkington
4674:Cummins UK
4537:Lanchester
4502:Eagle Cars
4381:JBA Motors
4209:Land Rover
4057:Van Diemen
4042:Sumo Power
3947:Driftworks
3904:Motorsport
3810:Park Royal
3511:Commercial
3409:Retentions
3144:Actuate UK
2980:Pilkington
2756:Buckingham
2645:Interserve
2599:Integrated
2556:Ilke Homes
2425:CALA Homes
2368:Wood Group
2358:Tetra Tech
2054:Millefiori
1972:and brands
1970:Trademarks
1846:John Adams
1717:Pilkington
1622:Kosta Boda
891:"Essay on
725:References
705:Operations
698:Nigel Rudd
506:Litigation
489:Wilkinsons
359:After the
328:under the
195:after its
162:Lancashire
154:Pilkington
87:Lancashire
5240:What Car?
5120:Autosport
5005:LeasePlan
4960:Autoglass
4929:Stoneacre
4907:H.R. Owen
4716:Millbrook
4411:Westfield
4344:Westfield
4322:Toyota UK
4307:Overfinch
4297:Nissan UK
4241:Lightning
4085:producers
4032:RML Group
3987:Lola Cars
3597:Wrightbus
3515:producers
2918:Buildbase
2879:Suppliers
2761:Carillion
2700:Robertson
2665:Lendlease
2475:Persimmon
2455:Lendlease
2338:RPS Group
2298:Hoare Lea
2197:Companies
2119:Waterford
2109:Vitrolite
2084:Ravenhead
2034:Fire-King
2019:Cristallo
2014:Cranberry
1871:Friedrich
1823:companies
1792:Waterford
1777:Swarovski
1712:Phu Phong
1682:O-I Glass
1602:Holophane
1577:Glaverbel
1527:Crystalex
1450:companies
1226:28 August
1204:28 August
1176:Aerospace
721:process.
624:beryllium
600:Thorn EMI
581:optronics
498:bid from
479:Ken Loach
429:toughened
354:Doncaster
261:bid from
232:toughened
130:NSG Group
66:St Helens
5259:Category
5183:Fast Car
5000:Kwik Fit
4990:Halfords
4887:Inchcape
4872:Carcraft
4751:Tickford
4669:Cosworth
4638:Wolseley
4613:Standard
4552:MG Rover
4361:Caterham
4356:Kit cars
4332:Vauxhall
4179:Caterham
4062:Williams
4017:Prodrive
4012:Munchi's
3942:Cosworth
3840:Smith EV
3830:Sentinel
3820:Scammell
3785:Maudslay
3780:Marshall
3735:Hallford
3673:Crossley
3431:Category
3363:Building
3327:EcoHomes
3159:Build UK
3134:Industry
3032:Wolseley
2995:Shepherd
2953:Kingspan
2943:HSS Hire
2928:Forterra
2771:Clugston
2576:Westbury
2531:Broseley
2450:Keepmoat
2410:Berkeley
2385:builders
2209:services
1984:Bohemian
1916:Salviati
1727:Preciosa
1692:Orrefors
1587:Hadeland
1482:Baccarat
1363:(1977),
1313:31 March
1274:31 March
1198:BBC News
1067:citation
1058:11 March
1025:citation
1016:11 March
988:30 March
730:Citation
658:Chairmen
557:enjoined
555:, which
521:monopoly
481:'s film
373:undercut
288:Halmstad
168:company
166:Japanese
108:Products
85:Lathom,
51:Industry
5269:Commons
5113:Autocar
4902:Lookers
4892:Jardine
4842:Tomkins
4812:Gardner
4761:Unipart
4741:Ricardo
4662:Current
4628:Triumph
4618:Sunbeam
4581:Reliant
4547:Melling
4522:Gilbern
4497:Daimler
4467:Bristol
4457:Belsize
4396:Quantum
4366:Davrian
4312:Radical
4263:McLaren
4194:Ginetta
4123:Bentley
4111:Lagonda
4094:Current
4022:Radical
4007:M-Sport
3992:McLaren
3972:Hewland
3855:Sunbeam
3845:Stevens
3745:Karrier
3698:Eastern
3678:Daimler
3643:Bristol
3638:Bedford
3542:Arrival
3535:Plaxton
3523:Current
3513:vehicle
3501:marques
3053:Redland
3041:Defunct
2908:Breedon
2903:Ashtead
2886:Current
2826:Linford
2734:Defunct
2635:Costain
2608:Current
2521:Ashtons
2514:Defunct
2445:Gleeson
2405:Bellway
2400:Barratt
2393:Current
2343:Stantec
2333:Ramboll
2273:Cundall
2253:Bierrum
2226:Arcadis
2129:Zerodur
2104:Vitrite
2099:Visions
2094:Tiffany
2064:Opaline
2044:Gorilla
2029:Favrile
2004:Corelle
1994:Burmese
1821:Defunct
1812:Zwiesel
1772:Steuben
1642:Luoyang
1637:Iittala
1547:Fanavid
1542:Duralex
1522:Corning
1512:Borosil
1448:Current
935:Hansard
620:Taunton
589:Glasgow
512:patents
452:floated
342:Belgium
278:History
247:floated
136:Website
92:England
73:Founder
61:Founded
5209:Octane
5035:The AA
4934:Sytner
4919:Perrys
4897:JCT600
4807:Ferodo
4785:Former
4736:Quaife
4633:Trojan
4591:Rootes
4571:Morris
4532:Jowett
4527:Jensen
4487:Caparo
4447:Austin
4442:Ascari
4427:Allard
4420:Former
4317:Spyker
4292:Morgan
4246:Lister
4204:Jaguar
4174:Briggs
3962:Fortec
3932:Carlin
3870:Vulcan
3740:Jensen
3683:Dennis
3668:Commer
3618:Albion
3606:Former
3587:Optare
3317:BREEAM
3136:bodies
3063:Tarmac
3010:Tarmac
2948:Jewson
2913:Brogan
2836:Mowlem
2806:Jarvis
2781:Dawnus
2650:Keller
2526:Beazer
2505:Vistry
2480:Redrow
2465:Miller
2353:Systra
2303:Jacobs
2263:Capita
2241:Atkins
2216:AKT II
2124:Wood's
2069:Peking
2059:Murano
2039:Forest
1762:Schott
1757:Seguso
1732:Riedel
1652:Mannok
1627:Libbey
1375:
1153:
593:Thales
540:cartel
463:strike
267:cartel
158:Lathom
125:Parent
64:1826 (
5141:Buses
4939:Vertu
4771:Wipac
4586:Riley
4507:Fenix
4432:Alvis
4401:Sylva
4349:Zenos
4302:Noble
4256:Lotus
4251:Geely
4101:Ariel
4072:Xtrac
4067:Wirth
3982:Ilmor
3795:Modec
3730:Honda
3708:Foden
3688:Duple
3547:BEDEO
3395:(MMC)
3351:Other
3154:BSRIA
2923:Cemex
2898:Artex
2851:Shand
2793:(and
2751:Bovis
2746:Birse
2720:Wates
2415:Bloor
2383:House
2348:Sweco
2313:Mitie
2114:Vycor
2074:Pyrex
2049:Macor
1979:Activ
1697:Osram
1687:Ohara
1572:Glava
1567:Fuyao
1502:Bodum
1472:Asahi
1307:(PDF)
1182:: 51.
792:(PDF)
785:(PDF)
116:Owner
4721:MIRA
4512:Ford
4462:Bond
4391:Onyx
4140:Mini
3713:Ford
3204:CITB
2670:Mace
2655:Kier
2470:Muir
2420:Boot
2308:Mace
2278:Egis
2268:COWI
2236:Arup
2221:Amey
2079:Rona
1737:Rona
1607:Hoya
1537:Daum
1373:ISBN
1315:2012
1276:2012
1228:2012
1206:2012
1151:ISBN
1073:link
1060:2009
1031:link
1018:2009
990:2012
800:2008
514:and
469:and
431:and
348:and
234:and
145:.com
5176:Evo
5148:Car
5030:RAC
4766:WMG
4684:GKN
4477:BMH
4472:BMC
4376:GTM
4371:GKD
4327:TVR
4135:BMW
3750:LDV
3725:Guy
3703:ERF
3633:AWD
3613:AEC
3562:JCB
3058:RMC
3000:SIG
2846:Rok
2791:HBG
2373:WSP
2293:GHD
2288:ERM
636:NSG
577:plc
404:tin
332:as
141:www
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4280:MG
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