248:, protesting against the effect his Aryanization and spoliation measures were having on the productivity of Jewish farmers and agricultural projects. In December 1941 Vallat proposed in the State Council a motion to reduce participation of Jews in agriculture, limiting them to a single plot of land and banning them from positions of responsibility. Caziot opposed the law, which he felt was against the best interests of the nation due to the agricultural crisis. In January 1942 he said individuals should be encouraged to return to the land whatever their "race or religion". In January 1942 he forced Vallat to make an exception for the Jews of
232:. Although he was in favor of a national peasant organization, he accepted the word "corporation" only at PĂ©tain's insistence. The concept was that each community would have a "corporative syndicate" of all peasant families, grouped into regional "corporative unions" which would meet periodically in a National Corporative Council. Caziot lacked enthusiasm for corporatism and delayed implementation of the Peasant Corporation. He appointed a provisional national organizing committee on 21 January 1941. His commission, headed by Count
160:, Cher, on 24 September 1876. Caziot ran a 30 hectares (74 acres) farm there that his family had owned for nearly 600 years. He became well known as a farmer and agricultural engineer, and was a member of the Academy of Agriculture. In 1919 he attacked the agrarian collectivism that the Left was advocating, and the move towards large, mechanized farms that some technocrats favored. Both would turn peasants into an agrarian proletariat. He argued that for a peasant to be attached to the soil he had to own his plot of land.
28:
220:
reforms to discourage the break-up of farms and to encourage the regrouping of scattered land holdings. Caziot said after the war, "It was necessary to concentrate all my efforts on the task of giving the farm families of France a realization of their strength and a new pride in their life, for they and they alone were to preserve France and to bring it to a re-birth whatever happened."
164:
state-subsidized societies would be organization by farmers associations. They would have the power to buy and restructure farmland as it became available and resell it on easy terms to peasant farmers or the sons of peasants. The proposal was reviewed favorably by the committee on agriculture of the
Chamber of Deputies, but was not put to the vote.
214:
The unoccupied zone produced chiefly wine, fruit and vegetables, lacking the basic foods such as grains, meat and milk products... Without deliveries from the occupied zone there would be famine at the end of three months... If we were to avoid imminent disaster it was necessary at all costs and with
163:
In 1920 he wrote a tract in which he asserted that the family farm was the perfect basis for sound agriculture and a healthy nation. The state should consolidate land units that were too small and break up large units into farms suitable for one family. He also called for regional land societies. The
219:
Caziot offered subsidies to peasants if they returned from the cities to work on unused land, provided loans on easy terms for modernization of rural houses, created a law on education to train more agronomists and to give rural children in basic education in agricultural technology, and implemented
192:
on 12 July 1940. He learned of his appointment from a neighbor, who had heard the news on the radio. Caziot hesitated to accept the unexpected offer of the
Ministry of Agriculture, since he was deeply hostile to the Germans, but soon overcame his scruples. He insisted that a separate ministry take
255:
Caziot's sole priority was to boost agricultural output. He wanted to keep the best qualified people in each job whatever their religion. He often succeeded in keeping Jews in senior positions in agriculture in defiance of Vallat's rulings. However, he had no interest in helping Jews unless they
209:
Caziot believed in regionalism, seeing the traditional provinces as natural cultural and economic units, which he said were "drawn from the very entrails of the soil." He promoted the "return to the land" and implemented measures to curb migration to the cities and to encourage creation of family
193:
responsibility for the supply of food. Caziot was
Minister of Agriculture and Supplies from 12 July 1940 to 6 September 1940, then Secretary of State for Agriculture and Supplies from 6 September 1940 to 13 December 1940 in the government of Marshal
314:, Encyclopédie agricole. Publiée sous la direction de M. Wéry (in French), Couronnée par l'Académie des sciences morales et politiques et par l'Académie d'agriculture, Paris: impr. Jouve et Cie ; libr. J.-B. Baillière et fils, p. 432
256:
were useful in agriculture. In
November 1941 he protested against the release of Jews who had no agricultural training from foreign workers' camps to work on projects for the Mission for the Restoration of Farming.
197:. In December 1940 the secretariat of supplies was detached from the ministry. Caziot was Minister and Secretary of State for Agriculture from 13 December 1940 to 18 April 1942 in the governments of PĂ©tain and
264:
Caziot was tried by the High Court on 19 March 1947 for his participation in the Vichy government and sentenced to national degradation for life and loss of his property. He was pardoned after a telegram from
287:, Encyclopédie agricole, publiée par une réunion d'ingénieurs agronomes sous la direction de G. Wery (in French), M. Gauwain, preface, Paris: J.-B. Baillière et fils, p. 450
236:, was mostly made up of leading conservative landowners and took nearly two years to develop the legislation that became effective on 16 December 1942.
201:. He was succeeded by Jacques Le Roy Ladurie, who was also a passionate agrarian. Le Roy Ladurie was younger, and more of a progressive corporatist.
303:
La Valeur d'après-guerre de la terre. Conférence faite à Bordeaux, le 25 juin 1923, sur l'initiative du groupe des ingénieurs-agronomes du Sud-Ouest
660:
136:(24 September 1876 – 4 January 1953) was a French agricultural expert and administrator who was Minister of Agriculture and Supplies in the
144:(1939–45). He was a strong believer in the value of the peasant-owned family farm, and promoted the "back to the land" policies of Marshal
885:
215:
the greatest urgency to bring the workers back to their farms in order to harvest the crops and prepare for the next plantings.
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La Valeur de la terre en France, description des grandes régions agricoles et viticoles, prix et fermages des biens ruraux
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was found in the Nazi archives demanding his arrest for hostility to collaboration. He died in Paris on 4 January 1953.
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39:
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386:(in French), Vichy: Édition du Secrétariat général a l'information et a la propagande, p. 47
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341:, by Pierre Rouveroux (in French), Paris: Librairie agricole de la Maison rustique, p. 309
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in 1924. He became a high official in the Credit
Foncier, the government land bank that
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323:(in French) (3 ed.), Paris: Librairie agricole de la Maison rustique, p. 39
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Expertises rurales et forestières. Traité pratique d'estimation de la propriété rural
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Agriculteurs, voici ce qu'en un an le
Gouvernement du Maréchal a fait pour vous
244:
In
October 1941 Caziot wrote to the Commissioner-General for Jewish Questions,
869:
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827:(in French). Ministère de l’agriculture, de l’agroalimentaire et de la forêt
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682:
The
Extreme Right in France, 1789 to the Present: From de Maistre to Le Pen
172:
141:
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Combustibles de remplacement. Utilisation rationnelle du bois de chauffage
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823:
413:
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National
Regeneration in Vichy France: Ideas and Policies, 1930–1944
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Modernity and
Nostalgia: Art and Politics in France Between the Wars
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farms. Caziot wrote of the challenge he faced when he took office,
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Rural Revolution in France: The Peasantry in the Twentieth Century
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PĂ©tain's Jewish Children: French Jewish Youth and the Vichy Regime
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Caziot promulgated the law of 2 December 1940 that organized the
294:
Une solution du problème agraire. La terre à la famille paysanne
27:
350:(in French), Paris: impr. de Lang, Blanchong et Cie, p. 47
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377:(in French), Paris, Clermont-Ferrand: F. Sorlot, p. 128
368:, by Tony Ballu (in French), Paris: impr. Crété, p. 63
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305:(in French), Bordeaux: impr. nouvelle F. Pech, p. 27
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357:L'Agriculture française dans l'économie européenne
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348:La Propriété bâtie hors de l'économie nationale
810:"Pierre Caziot (1876-1953) - Auteur du texte"
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359:(in French), Paris: impr. P. Boll, p. 18
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786:Peasantry and Society in France Since 1789
414:Pierre CAZIOT – Ministère de l’agriculture
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332:(in French), Paris: l'auteur, p. 20
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296:(in French), Paris: Payot, p. 160
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252:, who had lived there for centuries.
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53:12 July 1940 – 18 April 1942
339:Le MĂ©tayage. Ce qu'il faut en savoir
190:Minister of Agriculture and Supplies
40:Minister of Agriculture and Supplies
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631:
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886:Ministers of agriculture of France
731:Lackerstein, Debbie (2013-07-28),
321:La vérité sur la richesse agricole
239:
14:
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364:Pierre Caziot (1941), preface,
337:Pierre Caziot (1935), preface,
277:Caziot's publications include:
272:
152:Agricultural expert (1876–1939)
789:, Cambridge University Press,
1:
845:, Stanford University Press,
667:(in French). B&S Editions
783:Moulin, Annie (1991-10-24),
737:, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.,
375:Au service de la paysannerie
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330:Le Problème de l'habitation
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156:Pierre Caziot was born in
711:, Yale University Press,
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18:
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234:Hervé Budes de Guébriant
184:Ministerial appointments
839:Wright, Gordon (1964),
489:Caziot Pierre – B&S
42:(or Secretary of State)
679:Davies, Peter (2002),
382:Pierre Caziot (1942),
373:Pierre Caziot (1941),
355:Pierre Caziot (1941),
346:Pierre Caziot (1937),
328:Pierre Caziot (1927),
319:Pierre Caziot (1926),
310:Pierre Caziot (1924),
301:Pierre Caziot (1923),
292:Pierre Caziot (1919),
283:Pierre Caziot (1914),
217:
179:World War II (1939–45)
76:Jacques Le Roy Ladurie
644:Pierre Caziot ... BnF
212:
757:Lee, Daniel (2014),
705:Golan, Romy (1995),
685:, Psychology Press,
665:B&S Encyclopédie
260:Last years (1945–53)
158:Crézancy-en-Sancerre
104:Crézancy-en-Sancerre
230:Peasant Corporation
224:Peasant Corporation
205:Return to the land
167:Caziot joined the
852:978-0-8047-0190-7
796:978-0-521-39577-9
770:978-0-19-870715-8
744:978-1-4094-8297-0
718:978-0-300-06350-9
692:978-0-415-23981-3
188:Caziot was named
175:had established.
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101:24 September 1876
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118:(aged 76)
114:4 January 1953
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20:Pierre Caziot
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856:, retrieved
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829:. Retrieved
814:. Retrieved
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748:, retrieved
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173:Napoleon III
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142:World War II
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116:(1953-01-04)
71:Succeeded by
48:
881:1953 deaths
876:1876 births
591:Wright 1964
579:Davies 2002
567:Wright 1964
519:Moulin 1991
504:Wright 1964
468:Wright 1964
456:Wright 1964
59:Preceded by
870:Categories
858:2015-12-07
831:2015-12-07
816:2015-12-07
802:2015-12-07
776:2015-12-07
750:2015-12-07
724:2015-12-07
698:2015-12-07
671:2015-12-07
531:Golan 1995
429:Golan 1995
267:Otto Abetz
97:1876-09-24
49:In office
632:Lee 2014
620:Lee 2014
555:Lee 2014
444:Lee 2014
250:Vaucluse
123:, France
653:Sources
140:during
849:
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393:Notes
121:Paris
847:ISBN
791:ISBN
765:ISBN
739:ISBN
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687:ISBN
111:Died
91:Born
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