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In addition to his important contributions to the architecture and interior design of his day, Pierre
Fontaine was remarkable for his ability to not only prosper in his architectural career, but also to survive the numerous tumultuous regime changes – his architectural practice prospered for seven
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Percier and
Fontaine lived together as well as being colleagues and partners. Their different personalities and interests meant that they played different roles within the partnership. Fontaine assumed the public role and was the active manager of their projects and relations with clients, while
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The encounter between the two men was the beginning of a lifetime partnership. Starting in 1794, Fontaine worked so closely with
Percier that it is difficult to distinguish their work. A 19th century observer noted the following about their intertwined careers: "It is surprising what a complete
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was to be the source of numerous architectural and decorating projects until
Napoleon abdicated and was banished to the island of Elba in 1814. Indeed, one analysis of Napoleon's impact on the architecture and urban design of Paris states that Percier and Fontaine were the two "most important
282:. Their initial successes in interior decoration came while serving wealthy, private clients: "The first clients of Percier and Fontaine were the financiers Ouvrard, Chauvelin and Gaudin, who had their recently acquired hotels in the Chaussée d'Antin district fitted out and decorated."
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in Paris), many of these projects were never built or completed. This reflected the ups and downs of
Napoleon's career, his financial constraints and the fact that Napoleon, as a client of construction projects (and unlike his battlefield persona) was prudent, hesitant and indecisive.
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1804-1812. Work on the Louvre and
Tuileries complex, including refurbishment of the Grande galerie du Louvre (1804-1812); first projects linking the two royal residences that made up the Louvre at the time in order to create a single royal residence (1806); western portion of the
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As demand for their services grew, Fontaine and
Percier became influential proponents of French neoclassicism, which they perfected and promoted through their numerous projects, their publications and through Percier’s teachings at the
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and passing through the
Tuileries garden. Fontaine and Percier also pierced the first, western part of the rue de Rivoli, including its distinctive arcades, and built the northern, 'Rivoli' wing of the Louvre, thereby competing the
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Fontaine died in Paris on 10 October 1853 at the age of 91 years. His body was interred in the tomb he designed for
Percier, in accordance with his wishes. His successful career spanned seven turbulent decades marked by the
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Fontaine and
Percier also applied this style in the design of furniture, tapestries and porcelain as well as in their architecture and interior design projects. The style proved to be influential in courts across Europe.
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In the area of architecture, much of their work during the Napoleonic period involved restoration or extensions of existing buildings. While they proposed and designed new buildings for Napoleon, especially the
421:. Fontaine also served as an advisor on the Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile. Fontaine was also the architect of the Galerie d'Orléans, rebuilt in 1830 on the site of the former Galeries de Bois, as part of the
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in 1762. His father, Pierre Fontaine (1735-1807), was an architect and fountain designer. In 1778 and 1779, the 16-year old participated, with his father, on building the hydraulic systems at the
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1848. Fontaine is maintained, at 86 years of age, in his position as the architect of government buildings in Paris. He resigns from most of his responsibilities later in the same year.
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Fontaine married late in life and adopted the daughter of his wife. Following Charles Percier's death in 1838, Fontaine designed a tomb for him in their characteristic style in the
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The Palais des Tuileries in the foreground and the Louvre in the background, as depicted in 1860. The view is taken from the Tuileries garden, looking east.
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1813. He is named first architect of the Emperor Napoleon. When this post is suppressed in 1814, he becomes architect of Paris, of the King (
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in Paris. Most of this Galerie was demolished in the 1930s and the only vestiges are a series of columns on the southern end of the garden.
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Percier led a more reclusive existence in his apartments in the Louvre, while still participating conceptually in their joint projects.
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947:"À La Recherche D'une Iconographie « Incroyable » Et « Merveilleuse »: Les Panneaux Décoratifs Sous Le Directoire"
579:(1806-1808). Fontaine and Percier are also deeply involved in the development of designs for the imperial tapestry manufacturers at
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from 1794 to 1796. In 1798, they published their successful collection of line drawings made during their stay in Rome,
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as well as being chief architects for the marble warehouses and all the imperial buildings within the walls of Paris.
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1800-1802. Restoration and decoration of the Château de Malmaison for Joséphine de Beauharnais. Restoration of the
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250:, a fellow student in Peyre’s workshop (Percier also won the prix de Rome and joined Fontaine there a year later).
326:. They deployed their Empire style in numerous interior decors and in restoration work on the royal residences of
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640:. The chapel is located on the spot where the royal couple was buried in a mass grave located in what is now the
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and which celebrates Napoleon's military victories. It is located at the eastern end of the line following the
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644:. Construction was completed in 1826. Percier did not work on this project because he disapproved of it.
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1093:"Empire Style, 1800–1815 | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History"
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1810. Fontaine and Percier win the Grand Prix of Architecture for their arc de triomphe du Carrousel.
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in 1785 (he lived in Rome for several years starting in 1787). It was during this period that he met
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mastery these young men in a few years contrived to exercise over the tastes of their day."
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A timeline of the main events and projects in Fontaine's life and career is as follows:
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1829-1831. Fontaine and Percier create a galerie d'Orléans, a covered passage in the
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Detail of Peace riding in a triumphal chariot from the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
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Parts of this page are translated from the corresponding French Knowledge page,
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318:. Relatedly, they are credited with being among the principal creators of the
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Fontaine and Percier were jointly named directors of stage decoration at the
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in 1800 and architect of the government in 1801. This link to the Emperor
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1811. Fontaine is elected to the Academy of Beaux-arts and receives the
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is built using Fontaine's plans on the site of the accidental death of
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1779. Fontaine moves to Paris to study architecture and meets Percier.
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Two parallel colonnades traverse the south side of the garden in the
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1802. Fontaine and Percier draw up the plans for the rue de Rivoli.
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301:, Napoleon’s first wife. Fontaine is soon named architect of the
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In 1779, he moved to Paris, where he followed the teachings of
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1798-1799. Restoration of several private mansions in Paris.
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Education and the beginning of the partnership with Percier
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These early, private projects attracted the interest of
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1787-1790. He resides at the Academy of France in Rome.
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cemetery in Paris (28th division, 12th line, R, 31)
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architect, interior decorator, designer and artist.
186:; 20 September 1762 – 10 October 1853) was a French
604:1812. Publication by Fontaine and Percier of their
388:Tomb of Pierre Fontaine and Charles Percier in the
1037:(in French). Paris: Tallandier. pp. 33, 236.
280:Palais, maisons et autres édifices dessinés à Rome
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548:1792. Fontaine stays several months in England.
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119:Architect, designer, interior decorator, artist
1264:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
951:Annales historiques de la Révolution française
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656:1838. Death of Charles Percier on September 5.
514:built on the location of the mass grave where
1188:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1064:"Les architectes : Percier et Fontaine"
353:(Palace of the King of Rome), seen from the
1147:The Complete Works of Percier and Fontaine.
1097:The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
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396:One of their major collaborations was the
226:, Count of La Marche and Prince of Conti.
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1179:"Fontaine, Pierre François Léonard"
1121:Art, Architecture and Engineering Library
810:"Fonds Pierre Fontaine (1764-1865, 1917)"
754:"Pierre Fontaine, un architecte novateur"
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758:Pontoise | Ville d'art et d'histoire
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606:Recueil de décorations intérieures
183:[pjɛʁfrɑ̃swaleɔnaːʁfɔ̃tɛn]
14:
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1269:People associated with the Louvre
1254:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
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1117:"Palais Royal. Galerie d'Orléans"
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991:Revue des Deux Mondes (1829-1971)
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900:"Fontaine in the Burnham Library"
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835:"Percier. Sa vie et ses ouvrages"
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1142:Pierre François Léonard Fontaine
224:Louis-François-Joseph de Bourbon
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175:Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine
35:Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine
23:Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine
1199:Percier and Fontaine Collection
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702:Fr:Pierre Fontaine (architecte)
608:, the handbook of Empire style.
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261:in 1800 by Fontaine and Percier
202:, almost without interruption.
1239:French neoclassical architects
1219:19th-century French architects
1214:18th-century French architects
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1:
1249:Prix de Rome for architecture
1152:Princeton Architectural Press
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632:consecrated to the memory of
357:. The palace was never built.
727:"Pierre Fontaine architecte"
665:Ferdinand-Philippe d'Orleans
626:1816. He begins work on the
577:arc de triomphe du Carrousel
442:The partnership with Percier
400:, which was modelled on the
398:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
371:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
145:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
7:
1244:École des Beaux-Arts alumni
856:"The Style of "The Empire""
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661:Notre-Dame-de-la-Compassion
642:8th arrondissement of Paris
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414:Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile
242:in 1782 and won the second
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1285:
898:Van Zanten, David (1988).
673:1853. Death on October 10.
369:The eastern façade of the
310:architects of his reign".
1033:Poisson, Georges (2002).
731:paris1900.lartnouveau.com
297:, introduced Fontaine to
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151:, western portion of the
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299:Joséphine de Beauharnais
287:Joséphine de Beauharnais
238:. He was elected to the
1185:Encyclopædia Britannica
833:Raoul-Rochette (1840).
689:Neoclassicism in France
483:and the governments of
293:. In 1799, the artist,
257:Library created in the
987:"Napoléon Et Les Arts"
575:; construction of the
562:Château de Saint-Cloud
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452:Pere Lachaise Cemetery
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240:Académie de Beaux-arts
236:Antoine-François Peyre
220:Château de L'Isle-Adam
110:Antoine-François Peyre
1035:Napoleon 1er et Paris
985:Huyghe, Rene (1968).
945:Lafont, Anne (2005).
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210:Fontaine was born in
147:, Galerie d'Orléans,
1234:People from Pontoise
1193:Percier and Fontaine
558:Palais des Tuileries
259:Château de Malmaison
222:, which belonged to
1195:, Linda Rapp, glbtq
659:1843. The church,
629:Chapelle expiatoire
510:chapelle expiatoire
402:Arch of Constantine
316:Ecole de Beaux Arts
295:Jacques-Louis David
149:Chapelle expiatoire
39:Joseph-Désiré Court
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684:Interior designer
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465:French Revolution
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638:Marie-Antoinette
599:Legion of Honour
520:Marie-Antoinette
320:Directoire style
198:to the reign of
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129:Directoire style
127:Creation of the
97:Other names
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522:were buried.
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485:Napoleon III
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404:(312 AD) in
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349:View of the
324:Empire style
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270:Early career
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244:Prix de Rome
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200:Napoleon III
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188:neoclassical
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167:Prix de Rome
140:Notable work
133:Empire style
87:Burial place
73:(1853-10-10)
1229:1853 deaths
1224:1762 births
1070:(in French)
1068:Passerelles
760:(in French)
615:Louis XVIII
583:and at the
560:and of the
477:Restoration
419:Cour Carrée
332:Saint-Cloud
276:Paris Opera
1208:Categories
1150:New York,
1102:2024-08-02
1074:2024-08-02
841:: 246–268.
819:2024-08-02
764:2024-08-02
736:2024-08-02
695:References
585:Savonnerie
216:Val-d'Oise
179:pronounced
52:1762-09-20
999:0035-1962
993:: 13–31.
959:0003-4436
924:0069-3235
872:2151-8246
634:Louis XVI
516:Louis XVI
469:Directory
435:Trocadero
336:Compiègne
328:Malmaison
303:Invalides
196:Consulate
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