1336:. In Argentina, Malbec becomes softer with a plusher texture and riper tannins. The wines tend to have juicy fruit notes with violet aromas. In very warm regions of Argentina and Australia, the acidity of the wine may be too low which can cause a wine to taste flabby and weak. Malbec grown in Washington state tends to be characterized by dark fruit notes and herbal aromas. An exception to this in Washington State is Malbec grown in the high desert Lake Chelan AVA terrior. Malbec grapes grown in the glacial soils found within the Lake Chelan AVA produce wines possessing ripe raspberry - black fruit aromas and flavors with moderate acidity and tannins. The C R Sandidge Purtteman and Tsillan Cellars estate vineyards are known to produce stellar Malbec wines.
165:
666:. The grape was rediscovered in the late 20th century as the Argentine wine industry shifted its focus to premium wine production for export. As the Argentine wine industry discovered the unique quality of wine that could be made from the grape, Malbec arose to greater prominence and is today the most widely planted red grape variety in the country. As of 2003 there were over 20,000 hectares (50,000 acres) of Malbec in Argentina. The Mendoza region is the leading producer of Malbec in Argentina with plantings found throughout the country in places such as
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1345:
830:
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Grifforin, Guillan, Hourcat, Jacobain, Luckens, Magret, Malbek, Medoc Noir, Mouranne, Navarien, Negre De
Prechac, Negrera, Noir De Chartres, Noir De Pressac, Noir Doux, Nyar De Presak, Parde, PĂ©rigord, Pied De Perdrix, Pied Noir, Pied Rouge, Pied Rouget, Piperdy, Plant D'Arles, Plant De Meraou, Plant du Lot, Plant Du Roi, Prechat, Pressac, Prunieral, Quercy, Queue Rouge, Quille De Coy, Romieu, Teinturin, Terranis, Vesparo.
496:
77:
307:
360:, examined the difference between the phenolic composition of Malbec wines from California, USA, and Mendoza, Argentina. Sixteen vineyards in California and twenty-six blocks in Mendoza were selected based on their uniformity and regional representativeness. The study concluded that there are distinct flavor and compositional differences in Malbec wines produced in Mendoza and California.
507:, a legacy that is still present in the list of local synonyms for the variety, which easily surpasses 1000 names. In recent times, however, the popularity of the variety has been steadily declining with a 2000 census reporting only 15,000 acres (6,100 hectares) of the vine, which are mostly consigned to the southwestern part of the country. Its stronghold remains Cahors where
797:, since centenary Malbec vines that had been mixed with other vines were discovered a few years ago in the area. It was not until 1993 that the Viu Manent vineyard became the first Chilean winery to produce, bottle and market 100% Malbec wines produced in the country, from the vineyard they had for more than 100 years in the city of Santa Cruz in the
372:
regulations for Cahors require a minimum content of 70%. Introduced to
Argentina by French agricultural engineer Michel Pouget in 1868, Malbec is now widely planted in Argentina. Grapes from this region produce softer, less tannic-driven wines than those from Cahors. There were once 50,000 hectares
820:
area. The
Terroir of the Maule Region is granitic, which causes the malbec of the area to contain a special minerality, in addition the influence of the coast and the mountains give acidity and freshness to the Chilean malbec, these conditions cause an important difference in its par Also, Chilean
725:
Nicolás Catena Zapata has been widely credited for elevating the status of
Argentine Malbec and the Mendoza region through serious experimentation into the effects of high altitude. In 1994, he was the first to plant a Malbec vineyard at almost 1500 m (5,000 feet) elevation in the Gualtallary
1244:
producing grape. The particular clones planted in
Australia were of poor quality and highly susceptible to coulure, frost and downy mildew. By the mid to late 20th century, many acres of Malbec were uprooted and planted with different varieties. By 2000, there were slightly over 1,235 acres (500
777:
and other varieties of strains such as
Cabernet Souvignon, Merlot, Pinot noir among others are harvested in the country, Malbec has experienced exponential growth in its production during the last decades, due to the discovery of hundred-year-old vines of the variety, as well as the year-on-year
1383:
Other common synonyms for Malbec include
Agreste, Auxerrois, Auxerrois De Laquenexy, Auxerrois Des Moines De Picpus, Auxerrois Du Mans, Balouzat, Beran, Blanc De Kienzheim, Cahors, Calarin, Cauli, Costa Rosa, CĂ´t, Cot A Queue Verte, Cotes Rouges, Doux Noir, Estrangey, Gourdaux, Grelot De Tours,
602:. This was due, in part, to its vulnerabilities to so many different vine ailments (coulure, downy mildew, frost). The severe 1956 frost wiped out a significant portion of Malbec vines in Bordeaux, allowing many growers a chance to start anew with different varieties. By 1968, plantings in the
689:
The grape clusters of
Argentine Malbec are different from its French relatives, having smaller berries in tighter, smaller clusters. This suggests that the cuttings brought over by Pouget and later French immigrants were a unique clone that may have gone extinct in France due to frost and the
694:. Argentine Malbec wine is characterized by its deep color and intense fruity flavors with a velvety texture. While they lack the tannic structure of French Malbecs, being more plush in texture, Argentine Malbecs have shown aging potential similar to their French counterparts.
343:
and vineyard management techniques have helped control some of these potential problems. When it is not afflicted with these various ailments, particularly coulure, it does have the potential to produce high yields. Malbec seems to be able to produce well in a variety of
792:
At the end of the century XIX, French winemakers began to expand Malbec plantations to other regions of the central-south zone of Chile, however they mixed them with other varieties, so the production of Malbec gradually faded over the years, as was the case in the
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352:
based soils of Cahors it seems to produce its most dark and tannic manifestation. There are distinct ampelographical differences in the clones of Malbec found in France and in
Argentina, with Argentine Malbec tending to have smaller berries.
513:(AOC) regulations stipulates that Malbec must compose at least 70% of the blend, with Merlot and Tannat rounding out the remaining percentage. Outside of Cahors, Malbec is still found in small amounts as a permitted variety in the AOCs of
653:
from France to
Argentina. Among the vines that Pouget brought were the very first Malbec vines to be planted in the country. During the economic turmoil of the 20th century, some plantings of Malbec were pulled out to make way for the
282:
As a varietal, Malbec creates a rather inky red (or violet), intense wine, so it is also commonly used in blends, such as with Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon to create the red French Bordeaux claret blend. The grape is blended with
278:
but is instead cultivated as bush vines (the goblet system). In such cases, it is sometimes kept to a relatively low yield of about 6 tons per hectare. Wines produced using this growing method are rich, dark, and juicy.
209:
killed off 75% of the crop. Despite Cahors being hit by the same frost, which devastated the vineyards, Malbec was replanted and continued to be popular in that area. Winemakers in the region frequently mixed Malbec with
849:" Bordeaux-style blends in the mid-1990s. Between 1995 and 2003, plantings of Malbec in California increased from 404 hectares (1,000 acres) to more than 2,830 hectares (7000 acres). While the appearance of Californian
845:, Malbec was a significant variety in California used mainly for blended bulk wine production. After Prohibition, the grape was a minor variety until it experienced a surge of interest as a component of "
1835:
778:
increase in hectares planted for its exclusive production in the country. It is currently estimated that in Chile there are 2,361 hectares dedicated exclusively to the production of Malbec.
1374:
as a synonym suggests the northern reaches of Burgundy as being the possible home of the varietal. In Bordeaux, where the variety first gained attention, it was known under the synonym
1988:
2085:. Information and Coordination Centre for Biological Diversity (IBV) of the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food (BLE), Deichmanns Aue 29, 53179 Bonn, Germany. Archived from
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2064:
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where it is blended with Cabernet Sauvignon and Gamay. Still, as elsewhere in France, Malbec is losing acreage to other varieties—most notably Cabernet Franc in the Loire.
1370:. While Malbec is the name most commonly known to wine drinkers, Galet suggest that CĂ´t was most likely the grape variety's original name and the frequent appearance of
1803:
637:
While acreage of the Malbec is declining in France, in Argentina the grape is surging and has become a "national variety" of a sort that is uniquely identified with
522:
2006:
877:
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The history of malbec in Chile begins in 1841, when a group of French winemakers brought the vine to the country, along with other varieties to be planted in the
1968:
2024:
1054:. Since the turn of the 21st century, several wineries have been experimenting with 100% varietal Malbec as well as using the variety in Meritage blends. In
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were down to 4,900 hectares (12,100 acres) and fell further to 1,400 hectares (3,460 acres) by 2000. While Malbec has since become a popular component of
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than its counterpart and is used primarily in Bordeaux-style blends. In 2016 a budget-priced La Moneda Reserve Malbec from the UK supermarket chain
225:
A popular but unconfirmed theory claims that Malbec is named after a Hungarian peasant who first spread the grape variety throughout France. French
1891:
530:
809:, which was brought to the area by French settlers at the end of the 19th century, which had also been blended with other vines from the area.
1521:
539:
1366:
has documented over a thousand different synonyms for Malbec, stemming in part from its peak period when it was growing in 30 different
1557:
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Malbec tends to have a fresher and more fruity flavor, because it is not harvested as ripe as other Malbec productions in the world.
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notes, however, that most evidence suggests that CĂ´t was the variety's original name and that it probably originated in northern
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having the most significant amount. As newer clones become available, plantings of Malbec in Australia have increased slightly.
1750:
1722:
1643:
137:
1965:
1869:
1800:
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1218:
789:, later in 1853 the first malbec strains would be exported from Chile to Argentina, specifically to the Mendoza region.
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1685:
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1620:
Phenolic Composition of Malbec: A Comparative Study of Research-Scale Wines between Argentina and the United States
842:
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17:
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where this variety was found. In 2016, a hundred-year-old Malbec plantation was also discovered in the city of
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planted the first vines of Malbec planted in Oregon state in the late 1990s in their Windrow vineyard in the
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917:
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248:. In Cahors, the Malbec grape is referred to as Auxerrois or CĂ´t Noir; this is sometimes confused with
1888:
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producing Malbec include the Ohio appellation of Grand River Valley, the New York appellations of
617:, its presence in Bordeaux has dwindled; the only significant plantings are in the regions of the
3010:
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2219:
1134:
1118:
1063:
953:
428:
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1584:
641:. The grape was first introduced to the region in the mid 19th century when provincial governor
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816:, however there are also important plantations of the strain in the BiobĂo regions and in the
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Malbec is increasing, the grape is still most widely used for blending. In California, the
782:
752:
390:
240:. Due to similarities in synonyms, Malbec is often confused with other varieties of grape.
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8:
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High-altitude Mendoza has attracted many notable foreign winemakers, such as Paul Hobbs,
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Other regions with some plantings of Malbec include north Italy, New Zealand, Brazil,
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1308:(Bordeaux region) as a "rustic" version of Merlot, softer in tannins and lower in
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1836:"The Might of Mendoza: the romantic tale behind Argentina's booming malbec grape"
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The Malbec grape is a thin-skinned grape and needs more sun and heat than either
249:
237:
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159:
44:"Piperdy" redirects here. For the Mauritian businessman nicknamed "Piperdy", see
2025:"A pure centennial Malbec, rediscovered in southern Chile thanks to the climate"
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Currently, the largest amount of Malbec production in Chile is located in the
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or Bordeaux blends, and although it is still a permitted variety in all major
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745:. Today, there are several Malbecs from the region scoring over 95 points in
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31:
1953:
1709:
Vino Argentino, An Insiders Guide to the Wines and Wine Country of Argentina
1344:
299:. The varietal is sensitive to frost and has a propensity for shattering or
274:
blends. Sometimes, especially in its traditional growing regions, it is not
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734:. He was also the first to develop a clonal selection of Argentine Malbec.
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A comparative research study conducted by the Catena Institute of Wine and
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This ÂŁ4.37 Asda red wine has been named best in show by industry experts
222:
wines, but have ventured into 100% Malbec varietal wines more recently.
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is not Malbec, but rather a variety of the southwestern French grape
183:, and are known as one of the six grapes allowed in the blend of red
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between 800 m and 1500 m elevation (2,800 to 5,000 feet).
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planted with Malbec in Argentina; now there are 25,000 hectares in
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Other regions in California with some plantings of Malbec include
195:, though the grape is grown worldwide. It is also available as an
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where it has consistently produced wines of exceptional quality.
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2007:"Malbec: an emblematic strain of Argentina with Chilean history"
1328:
describes Cahors' Malbec as dark purple in color with aromas of
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2687:
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1329:
663:
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1622:, American Society for Enology and Viticulture, October 2014 .
598:, in the 20th century it started to lose ground to Merlot and
187:. In France, plantations of Malbec are now found primarily in
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2600:
2555:
2525:
1214:
671:
622:
400:
328:
288:
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60:
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has 2,361 hectares planted with Malbec, the main places are
2152:
2108:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1273:
1226:
1082:. Elsewhere in Washington State, Malbec is planted in the
555:, it is permitted (but rarely grown) in the AOC regions of
468:
702:
Argentina's most highly rated Malbec wines originate from
205:
The grape became less popular in Bordeaux after 1956 when
1649:
1410:
1217:
to try their hand at the varietal. Grown throughout the
563:. There is a small amount of Malbec grown in the middle
179:. The grapes tend to have an inky dark color and robust
2121:
368:
Malbec is the dominant red variety in Cahors where the
1801:
Pierre-Antoine Rovani's Wine Personalities of the Year
714:. These districts are located in the foothills of the
590:
Though the grape was historically a major planting in
2046:"Washington Wines and Wineries: The Essential Guide"
2040:
2038:
1824:
Nicolás Catena honoured as Decanter Man of the Year
1594:
1592:
1304:describes the French style of Malbec common in the
1999:
1706:
1670:
1659:. pp. 300–301. Mitchell Beazley Publishing, 2005.
1630:
1628:
1490:(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. p.
3172:
2058:
2035:
1589:
857:(AVA) with the most plantings of Malbec include
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37:"Cauli" redirects here. For the vegetable, see
2080:
1197:outside of federally delineated appellations.
503:At one point Malbec was grown in 30 different
295:. Other wine regions use the grape to produce
2900:
2137:
2048:pg 69-70 University of California Press 2007
1794:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1209:Malbec is characterized by its dark coloring.
1882:
1817:
1814:. Issue 156, December 2004, August 27, 2009
1455:
1213:The success of Malbec led some producers in
1189:. Additionally, there are some plantings in
1907:
1829:
741:, Herve Joyaux-Fabre, Roberto Cipresso and
2907:
2893:
2144:
2130:
1566:
252:, which is an entirely different variety.
75:
1680:. pp. 848–857. Workman Publishing, 2001.
1638:. pp. 840–844. Ullmann Publishing, 2008.
1549:
1547:
1545:
1229:won the Platinum Best in Show prize in a
2107:
1343:
1204:
1062:and the sub-AVAs of Walla Walla Valley,
828:
494:
305:
3085:Clarification and stabilization of wine
2083:"Vitis International Variety Catalogue"
1923:
1845:
1740:
1427:pg 198 & 204 Mitchell Beazley 1986
14:
3173:
1935:
1704:
1542:
1316:fruit in its youth. The Malbec of the
339:, and rot— but the development of new
319:Malbec is very susceptible to various
2888:
2125:
2106:
1947:
1812:Robert Parker Jr.'s The Wine Advocate
1778:
1736:
1734:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1513:
1511:
1320:region is much more tannic with more
1240:in the 19th century and was mostly a
266:and can bring very deep color, ample
158:
2074:
1959:
1759:
1602:. pg 118–119. Harcourt Books, 2001.
377:alone, in addition to production in
30:For the Los Angeles-based band, see
1860:
1826:, Decanter.com. September 18, 2009.
1324:that contribute to its dark color.
1233:at the Decanter World Wine awards.
475:and recently in Texas and southern
110:Auxerrois in Cahors, CĂ´t, Pressac (
24:
1989:"Malbec: One Variety, Two Origins"
1731:
1691:
1508:
1221:, Chilean Malbec tends to be more
540:Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure
431:, the Rogue and Umpqua regions of
25:
3197:
2169:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
1914:Nicolás Catena Such Great Heights
1613:
1058:it is grown predominately in the
706:'s high altitude wine regions of
649:Michel Pouget to bring grapevine
3148:
2856:
1867:The crusade against counterfeits
1741:Rolland, Michel (January 2006).
1705:Catena, Laura (September 2010).
1236:The grapevine was introduced to
1200:
843:Prohibition in the United States
824:
2017:
1981:
1766:Wine Tours: Argentina – Mendoza
594:, providing color and fruit to
510:Appellation d'origine contrôlée
358:University of California, Davis
2914:
1655:H. Johnson & J. Robinson.
1530:
1437:
1288:and Israeli wine in the Negev
537:. It is also permitted in the
314:
13:
1:
3111:Glossary of viticulture terms
2081:Maul, E.; Eibach, R. (1999).
1404:
1101:; the Oregon appellations of
567:and permitted in the AOCs of
111:
3116:Glossary of winemaking terms
1487:The Oxford Companion to Wine
773:is the emblematic strain of
698:High altitude Mendoza Malbec
632:
291:in some regions such as the
7:
1517:Epicurious Wine Dictionary
1445:"A short history of Malbec"
1387:
1339:
855:American Viticultural Areas
10:
3202:
3036:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
643:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
427:. Malbec is also grown in
423:the grape is used to make
363:
43:
36:
29:
3144:
3126:History of the wine press
3093:
3077:
3049:
3016:Sparkling wine production
3001:
2983:
2950:
2922:
2850:
2789:
2751:
2646:
2623:
2506:
2393:
2381:
2274:
2202:
2159:
2119:
1775:, "Fly Fishing Patagonia"
1425:Vines, Grapes & Wines
1348:Malbec grapes growing in
1095:North Fork of Long Island
914:Diamond Mountain District
490:
136:
126:
118:
106:
94:
86:
74:
58:
53:
3186:Red wine grape varieties
3121:Wine tasting descriptors
2842:Wine tasting descriptors
2771:Phenolic content in wine
2663:Alternative wine closure
2247:Great French Wine Blight
2151:
1785:Wine Tip: Malbec Madness
970:Spring Mountain District
764:
615:wine regions of Bordeaux
455:, British Columbia, the
259:or Merlot to mature. It
3011:Malolactic fermentation
1657:The World Atlas of Wine
1332:, tobacco, garlic, and
1295:
1181:and the high altitude,
658:producing varieties of
479:, Virginia, and in the
1600:Encyclopedia of Grapes
1356:
1210:
838:
645:instructed the French
500:
311:
2812:Wine and food pairing
2013:. September 18, 2020.
1916:, Gismondi, Anthony,
1368:departments of France
1347:
1208:
1167:Old Mission Peninsula
1151:North Fork of Roanoke
946:Santa Lucia Highlands
902:Red Hills Lake County
832:
505:departments of France
498:
370:Appellation Controlée
327:hazards—most notably
309:
297:Bordeaux-style blends
156:French pronunciation:
2463:Muscat of Alexandria
1977:, December 15, 2010.
1966:Top 5 Wine Spectator
1918:Montecristo Magazine
1878:, December 15, 2009.
1583:Appellation America
1538:Malbec Grape Variety
1449:Uncork: wine tidbits
1245:hectares), with the
1165:appellations of the
942:Santa Cruz Mountains
918:Russian River Valley
499:A vineyard in Cahors
3041:Yeast in winemaking
2993:Carbonic maceration
1920:, November 7, 2014.
1185:appellation of the
1179:Outer Coastal Plain
1177:appellation of the
1157:appellation of the
1125:appellation of the
1014:Yorkville Highlands
982:Stags Leap District
692:phylloxera epidemic
527:CĂ´tes du Marmandais
87:Color of berry skin
3031:Traditional method
2832:Wine personalities
2536:Cabernet Sauvignon
1894:2016-12-27 at the
1872:2011-10-09 at the
1857:, August 27, 2009.
1806:2012-03-13 at the
1771:2011-01-12 at the
1743:Wines of Argentina
1560:2016-01-18 at the
1524:2006-03-28 at the
1357:
1322:phenolic compounds
1211:
1171:Leelanau Peninsula
1139:Texas Hill Country
1127:Snake River Valley
1089:Other AVAs in the
1076:Horse Heaven Hills
1052:Walla Walla Valley
1048:Seven Hills Winery
1010:Oak Knoll District
950:Santa Maria Valley
938:Santa Clara Valley
839:
501:
312:
257:Cabernet Sauvignon
46:Ajum Goolam Hossen
3168:
3167:
3162:
3161:
2932:Late harvest wine
2882:
2881:
2619:
2618:
2516:Alicante Bouschet
2264:Judgment of Paris
1995:. April 13, 2022.
1975:, 'Wine Spectator
1876:, 'Wine Spectator
1752:978-987-20926-3-4
1724:978-0-8118-7330-7
1644:978-3-8331-4611-4
1634:A. Domine (ed.).
1585:Malbec Wine Grape
1519:Malbec Definition
1135:Texas High Plains
1119:Willamette Valley
1064:Rattlesnake Hills
954:Santa Ynez Valley
758:The Wine Advocate
732:Adrianna Vineyard
561:Côtes de Malepère
545:CĂ´tes du Brulhois
193:South West France
149:
148:
132:Argentina, Cahors
16:(Redirected from
3193:
3153:
3152:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2861:
2860:
2776:Proteins in wine
2443:GrĂĽner Veltliner
2391:
2390:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2078:
2072:
2071:, June 10, 2016.
2069:Evening Standard
2062:
2056:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1985:
1979:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1911:
1905:
1886:
1880:
1864:
1858:
1849:
1843:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1798:
1792:
1791:, April 12, 2010
1782:
1776:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1712:
1702:
1689:
1674:
1668:
1653:
1647:
1632:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1596:
1587:
1581:
1564:
1551:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1515:
1506:
1505:
1478:
1453:
1452:
1441:
1435:
1421:
1394:Malbec World Day
1286:Southern Indiana
1266:British Columbia
1145:appellations of
1133:appellations of
1103:Applegate Valley
1056:Washington state
962:Sierra Foothills
922:Dry Creek Valley
878:Livermore Valley
863:Alexander Valley
818:Colchagua Valley
743:Alberto Antonini
726:sub-district of
437:Grand Valley AVA
429:Washington State
409:O'Higgins Region
405:Colchagua Valley
170:
169:
168:
162:
160:[malbɛk]
157:
79:
68:
63:
51:
50:
21:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3155:Wine portal
3147:
3140:
3131:History of wine
3089:
3073:
3045:
2997:
2979:
2960:Deacidification
2946:
2918:
2913:
2883:
2878:
2863:Wine portal
2855:
2846:
2785:
2747:
2652:
2642:
2615:
2502:
2483:Sauvignon blanc
2418:Cayetana blanca
2386:
2384:grape varieties
2377:
2270:
2198:
2155:
2150:
2115:
2101:
2092:
2090:
2079:
2075:
2063:
2059:
2043:
2036:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1912:
1908:
1896:Wayback Machine
1887:
1883:
1874:Wayback Machine
1865:
1861:
1855:malbecnerds.com
1850:
1846:
1840:The Independent
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1808:Wayback Machine
1799:
1795:
1783:
1779:
1773:Wayback Machine
1764:
1760:
1753:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1715:Chronicle Books
1703:
1692:
1675:
1671:
1654:
1650:
1633:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1597:
1590:
1582:
1567:
1562:Wayback Machine
1552:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1526:Wayback Machine
1516:
1509:
1502:
1482:Jancis Robinson
1479:
1456:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1422:
1411:
1407:
1390:
1342:
1302:Jancis Robinson
1298:
1251:Langhorne Creek
1203:
1111:Southern Oregon
1084:Lake Chelan AVA
1060:Columbia Valley
994:Temecula Valley
958:Howell Mountain
827:
767:
716:Andes mountains
700:
635:
627:Entre-Deux-Mers
573:Coteaux du Loir
493:
481:Baja California
471:, northeastern
457:Long Island AVA
366:
317:
250:Auxerrois blanc
231:viticulturalist
175:used in making
164:
163:
155:
128:Notable regions
82:
66:
59:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Pied De Perdrix
15:
12:
11:
5:
3199:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3021:Sugars in wine
3018:
3013:
3007:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2970:Chaptalization
2967:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2912:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2889:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2797:Classification
2793:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2781:Sugars in wine
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2753:Wine chemistry
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2728:Wine dispenser
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2531:Cabernet Franc
2528:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2498:Welschriesling
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2453:MĂĽller-Thurgau
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2220:Ancient Greece
2217:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2100:
2099:
2073:
2057:
2034:
2016:
1998:
1980:
1971:2012-03-28 at
1958:
1946:
1942:Achaval Ferrer
1934:
1922:
1906:
1900:Wine Spectator
1881:
1859:
1844:
1828:
1816:
1793:
1789:Wine Spectator
1777:
1758:
1751:
1730:
1723:
1690:
1678:The Wine Bible
1669:
1648:
1624:
1612:
1588:
1565:
1541:
1529:
1507:
1500:
1484:, ed. (2006).
1454:
1436:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1341:
1338:
1297:
1294:
1290:Teperberg 1870
1219:Central Valley
1202:
1199:
1155:North Carolina
1026:Clements Hills
966:Knights Valley
826:
823:
766:
763:
748:Wine Spectator
739:Michel Rolland
699:
696:
660:Criolla Grande
639:Argentine wine
634:
631:
619:CĂ´tes-de-Bourg
600:Cabernet Franc
581:sparkling wine
551:region of the
523:CĂ´tes de Duras
492:
489:
417:Bio-Bio Region
365:
362:
321:grape diseases
316:
313:
285:Cabernet Franc
242:Malbec argenté
218:to make dark,
171:) is a purple
147:
146:
141:
134:
133:
130:
124:
123:
120:
116:
115:
108:
104:
103:
100:Vitis vinifera
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
80:
72:
71:
56:
55:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3198:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2905:
2903:
2898:
2896:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2766:Acids in wine
2764:
2762:
2761:Aroma of wine
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2625:Major regions
2622:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2581:Montepulciano
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2089:on 2007-04-27
2088:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2054:0-520-24869-4
2051:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2031:. 5 May 2016.
2030:
2026:
2020:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1994:
1993:Concha Y Toro
1990:
1984:
1978:
1974:
1973:archive.today
1970:
1967:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1943:
1938:
1931:
1930:Catena Zapata
1926:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1889:Four Magazine
1885:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1825:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1754:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1735:
1726:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1687:
1686:1-56305-434-5
1683:
1679:
1673:
1666:
1665:1-84000-332-4
1662:
1658:
1652:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1621:
1616:
1609:
1608:0-15-100714-4
1605:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1539:
1536:Cellar notes
1533:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1503:
1501:0-19-860990-6
1497:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1433:1-85732-999-6
1430:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1361:ampelographer
1355:
1351:
1346:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1231:blind tasting
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1207:
1201:Other regions
1198:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1159:Yadkin Valley
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1115:Umpqua Valley
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:United States
1087:
1085:
1081:
1080:Yakima Valley
1077:
1073:
1072:Wahluke Slope
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
990:Suisun Valley
987:
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32:Malbec (band)
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3003:Fermentation
2854:
2837:Wine tasting
2570:
2458:Muscat blanc
2428:Chenin blanc
2225:Ancient Rome
2091:. Retrieved
2087:the original
2076:
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2060:
2045:
2028:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1976:
1961:
1956:, "Wine.com"
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1937:
1932:, "Wine.com"
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1423:J. Robinson
1382:
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1364:Pierre Galet
1358:
1300:Wine expert
1299:
1258:South Africa
1255:
1247:Clare Valley
1235:
1212:
1187:Grand Valley
1107:Rogue Valley
1099:Finger Lakes
1088:
1068:Red Mountain
1046:
1034:Willow Creek
1002:Mount Veeder
890:Los Carneros
875:
840:
837:with a steak
814:Maule Region
811:
795:Maule Region
791:
780:
775:Chilean wine
768:
756:
746:
736:
720:
701:
688:
684:Buenos Aires
636:
610:
589:
565:Loire Valley
538:
508:
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449:South Africa
413:Maule Region
399:
395:Buenos Aires
367:
355:
325:viticultural
318:
293:Loire Valley
281:
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241:
234:Pierre Galet
224:
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27:Wine variety
3181:French wine
3106:Wine bottle
3078:Other steps
3069:Wine cellar
3026:SĂĽssreserve
2718:Wine cellar
2708:Wine bottle
2649:accessories
2647:Packaging,
2606:Tempranillo
2235:Noah's wine
2215:Phoenicians
2161:Viticulture
2044:P. Gregutt
1745:. Mirroll.
1598:Oz Clarke.
1399:Cahors wine
1359:The French
1264:regions of
1006:North Coast
867:Paso Robles
859:Napa Valley
803:San Rosendo
463:, southern
445:New Zealand
348:but in the
315:Viticulture
220:full-bodied
107:Also called
39:cauliflower
3175:Categories
2985:Maceration
2975:Wine press
2965:Destemming
2916:Winemaking
2822:Wine fraud
2817:Wine fault
2802:Oenophilia
2738:Wine label
2733:Wine glass
2698:Port tongs
2596:Sangiovese
2591:Pinot noir
2551:Douce noir
2478:Rkatsiteli
2423:Chardonnay
2413:Catarratto
2387:by acreage
2361:Biodynamic
2324:Aromatized
2113:winemaking
2093:2007-04-24
2011:La Tercera
1405:References
1314:blackberry
1306:Libournais
1175:New Jersey
1147:Monticello
1042:Yountville
1038:North Yuba
974:St. Helena
926:Rutherford
910:Clear Lake
906:Chalk Hill
882:Atlas Peak
721:Argentine
712:Uco Valley
647:agronomist
604:Libournais
596:its blends
543:(VDQS) of
535:PĂ©charmant
483:region of
421:California
346:soil types
264:mid-season
2937:Noble rot
2827:Winemaker
2807:Sommelier
2743:Wine rack
2723:Wine cork
2713:Wine cave
2703:Screw cap
2673:Corkscrew
2638:New World
2633:Old World
2611:Zinfandel
2586:Mourvèdre
2493:Trebbiano
2433:Colombard
2334:Noble rot
2314:Fortified
2292:Sparkling
2259:New World
2029:Swissinfo
1553:Winepros
1372:Auxerrois
1354:Argentina
1326:Oz Clarke
1242:bulk wine
1238:Australia
1030:Fair Play
934:San Lucas
930:El Dorado
841:Prior to
805:, in the
799:Colchagua
771:Carménère
769:Although
728:Tupungato
680:Catamarca
633:Argentina
611:meritages
608:New World
553:Languedoc
441:Australia
391:Catamarca
350:limestone
276:trellised
197:Argentine
2952:Pressing
2874:Glossary
2790:Industry
2683:Jug wine
2678:Decanter
2668:Box wine
2566:Isabella
2561:Grenache
2541:Carignan
2488:SĂ©millon
2473:Riesling
2468:Palomino
2211:Ancient
2194:Vineyard
2189:Veraison
2174:Oenology
1969:Archived
1892:Archived
1870:Archived
1804:Archived
1769:Archived
1558:Archived
1522:Archived
1388:See also
1350:Cafayate
1340:Synonyms
1262:Canadian
1191:Missouri
1183:Colorado
1163:Michigan
1143:Virginia
1022:Paicines
1018:Oakville
998:Monterey
851:varietal
847:Meritage
787:Santiago
710:and the
676:San Juan
668:La Rioja
656:jug wine
651:cuttings
592:Bordeaux
579:and the
577:Touraine
557:Cabardès
515:Bergerac
461:New York
425:Meritage
387:San Juan
379:La Rioja
246:Abouriou
238:Burgundy
200:varietal
177:red wine
3136:Terroir
3094:Related
2942:Vintage
2924:Harvest
2869:Outline
2693:Muselet
2655:storage
2546:Cinsaut
2521:Barbera
2448:Macabeo
2408:Aligoté
2366:Organic
2356:Natural
2309:Dessert
2254:Georgia
2204:History
2184:Terroir
2179:Species
1902:, 2012.
1377:Pressac
1330:damsons
1310:acidity
1278:Bolivia
1270:Ontario
1195:Georgia
833:Malbec
723:vintner
704:Mendoza
583:AOC of
549:Le Midi
531:Fronton
477:Ontario
465:Bolivia
375:Mendoza
364:Regions
333:coulure
301:coulure
181:tannins
95:Species
3101:Winery
3064:Solera
2688:Kvevri
2576:Merlot
2571:Malbec
2371:Kosher
2347:Other
2302:Orange
2275:Styles
2242:France
2052:
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1663:
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1555:Malbec
1498:
1431:
1334:raisin
1318:Cahors
1284:, and
1282:Mexico
1260:, the
1223:tannic
1173:; the
1161:; the
1153:; the
1141:; the
1129:; the
1121:; the
1040:, and
986:Madera
835:paired
730:, the
664:Cereza
585:Saumur
491:France
485:Mexico
453:Brazil
435:, the
433:Oregon
341:clones
272:claret
268:tannin
261:ripens
216:Tannat
212:Merlot
189:Cahors
152:Malbec
140:number
122:France
119:Origin
54:Malbec
3051:Aging
2601:Syrah
2556:Gamay
2526:Bobal
2438:Glera
2403:Airén
2395:White
2351:Table
2339:Straw
2329:Fruit
2287:White
2230:China
2109:Wines
1954:Cobos
1312:with
1215:Chile
1131:Texas
1123:Idaho
765:Chile
672:Salta
623:Blaye
569:Anjou
547:. In
519:Buzet
473:Italy
419:. In
401:Chile
383:Salta
329:frost
289:Gamay
207:frost
90:Black
67:Vitis
61:Grape
2653:and
2382:Top
2297:Rosé
2153:Wine
2111:and
2050:ISBN
1747:ISBN
1719:ISBN
1682:ISBN
1661:ISBN
1640:ISBN
1636:Wine
1604:ISBN
1496:ISBN
1429:ISBN
1296:Wine
1280:and
1274:Peru
1268:and
1249:and
1227:Asda
1193:and
1169:and
1149:and
1137:and
1117:and
1097:and
1078:and
978:Lodi
869:and
751:and
682:and
662:and
625:and
559:and
533:and
469:Peru
415:and
393:and
323:and
287:and
229:and
214:and
144:2889
138:VIVC
112:more
3059:Oak
2508:Red
2319:Ice
2282:Red
1492:421
785:of
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459:of
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191:in
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