238:
played the instruments. They concluded that the instrument made of bone was no longer playable due to splitting. Of the two elder pipes, The shorter instrument gave a six-finger key note near to F and played a scale close to the
Locrian mode. The longer instrument gave a six-finger key note near to Bflat and an unnamed mode (Major scale with a flat sixth). Shorland noted that the finger hole for the sixth note was shaped differently and was significantly smaller than the rest, and that the flat note was intentional.
25:
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111:(See photograph right). Contemporary instruments are turned and bored from a variety of fruitwoods, or exotic hardwoods; or turned from, or moulded in plastics. The reed is protected by a reed-cap or stock of cow-horn. The bell is shaped from a section of cow-horn which serves to amplify the sound. The pibgorn may be attached to a bag, with the additional possibility of a drone, which is then called
119:
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do not remember much about the
Gwylmabsant and the Gwylnos – I came a quarter of a century too late for those wonderful orgies – but I remember the neithior with its all-day and all-night rollicking fun. We did not have the crwth, but we had the fiddle, and occasionally the harp, or a home-made degenerate sort of pibgorn. I myself am a tolerable player on the simplified bibgorn."
17:
271:"Shrug off ya complex, Y taffi triog"; Lews Tewns' recording for "PUP Project"; and "Wepun EX Project". The Mordekkers have used Drum and Bass mixes with pipe music in a live context for a number of years playing at British festivals. More recently Celtech and Taran have also combined pibgorn and pipes with Drum and Bass, Dub, and House styles.
267:, Stephen Rees, Andy McLaughlin, Hefin Wyn Jones, Patrick Rimes, Huw Roberts, Jem Hammond, Hafwen Lewis, Gafin Morgan, Antwn Owen Hicks, Rhodri Smith, Peni Ediker, Eva Ryan, Idris Morris Jones, Gerard KilBride, Mick Tems and Peter Stacey. Players in the United States include John Good, Bill Reese, Sean Folsom, and Chad Fross.
215:
The
Reverend Meredith Morris (Died 1922) of The Gwaun Valley in Pembrokeshire writes in his autobiography in 1910: "Mabsantau, neithioirau, gwylnosau, &c, were their red-letter days, and the rude merrimaking of the village green the pivot of all that was worth living for in a mundane existence. I
270:
Use of pibgorn, bagpipe and bag-hornpipes with electronic and digital dance music has been seen in recent years, initially with Ceri Rhys
Matthews collaborating with johnny r of r-bennig on a dance mix called "Y bibgorn aur" in 1992; later in the nineties with hip-hop outfit Y Tystion on their album
200:
Farm attracted 200 players. There is a further description by SiĂ´n Wiliam
Prichard (1749–1829) of Christmas celebrations on the Castellior farm where the pibgorn and other instruments were played. Barrington described the tone of the instrument as played to him: "by one of the lads ... considering
146:(died 949–50). The earliest transcription of these dates from 1250 and specify that "the King should recognise the status of a Pencerdd (the second in importance of the three court musicians, namely; Bardd Teulu, Pencerdd and Cerddor) in his service by giving him an appropriate instrument – either
237:
Some modern instruments play a tempered scale to accommodate fixed pitch instruments such as guitar or keyboard, and are commonly pitched in D. Historical instruments play in a variety of just scales and pitch. Jonathan
Shorland and D. Roy Saer, the then-keeper of instruments, measured and
196:, who presented the pibgorn specimen shown at the Museum of Welsh Life to Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London, an Anglesey landowner called Mr Wynn of Penhesgedd, offered an annual prize for pibgorn playing towards the end of the eighteenth century. One such competition at
103:, into which are drilled six small finger-holes and a thumb-hole giving a diatonic compass of an octave. The body of the instrument is traditionally carved from a single piece of wood or bone (See photograph right). Playable, extant historical examples in the
248:
Contemporary repertoire makes use of folksong and Hymn tunes adapted to the instrument, manuscript and printed collections of dance music that may be adapted to fit the instrument's compass of an octave, as well as the general oral tradition.
129:
A double-pipe (having two parallel chanters both ending in cow-horn, with a common stock) of unknown provenance, dated 1701 held by the Museum of Welsh Life has caused some controversy as to its possible Welsh or
Mediterranean origin.
207:(Died 1894) recalls his father telling him that "playing the Pibgorn was a common thing in those days in the South and that farmers' servant men were in the habit of carrying them with them when driving cattle to the fairs."
427:
Harper, Sally. "Instrumental Music in
Medieval Wales." North American Journal of Welsh Studies, Vol. 3, no. 1. Flint, MI: North American Association for the Study of Welsh Culture and History, 2004.
368:
189:, in 1759: "(Translated) How pleasing it was to see the young farmworkers with their pibau cyrn (horn pipes) under their arms....gathering the cows and piping 'Mwynen Mai' and 'Meillionnen’."
260:, Crasdant, Calennig, and Aberjaber have incorporated the instrument in their line-up in mixed consort. In the United States, bands Oceans Apart and Moch Pryderi have done the same.
488:
A glossary of the
Demetian dialect of North Pembrokeshire : with special reference to the Gwaun valley by W. Meredith Morris. Tonypandy : Evans and Short, 1910
436:
The Old
British "Pibcorn" or "Hornpipe" and its affinitiies. By Henry Balfour, Esq., M.A., F.Z.S © 1891 Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.
107:
have bodies cut and shaped of elder. Another, unplayable instrument at the Museum, possibly of a later date, is made from the leg bone of an unspecified
529:
372:
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Contemporary pibgorn makers in Wales include Jonathan Shorland, John Tose, John Glennydd, Keith Lewis, Gafin Morgan, and Gerard KilBride. In Scotland,
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Ceri Rhys Matthews has recorded an album of music devoted solely to traditional music on unaccompanied pibgorn and drone called "Pibddawns"
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However, the instrument itself is older than these references, and is part of a pattern of distribution of similar idioglot reedpipes,
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158:) c 1330, states that there are three types of wind instrument: "Organ, a Phibeu a Cherd y got", "organ, and pipes and bag music".
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Bagpipes by Anthony Baines. Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford, Occasional papers on technology series, 9,
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and bag-hornpipes throughout Asia, Europe and North Africa that includes the "Old British pibcorn or hornpipe"
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or Pipes." In modern Welsh orthography these three instruments are called telyn, crwth and pibau. Peniarth 20 (
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234:, has witnessed a resurgence in popularity as part of a general revival of interest in Welsh folk music.
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A practical guide with photos, descriptions and links on how to make an elder pibgorn by Gerard KilBride
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The Letters of Lewis, Richard, William and John Morris of Anglesey, (Morrisiaid Mon) 1728–1765, Volume 2
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Music in Welsh Culture before 1650: A study of the principal sources by Sally Harper
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Right Man, Right Time: David Griffith, "Clwydfardd", the First Archdruid of Wales,
245:(double-hornpipe). In the United States; Alan Keith, Sean Folsom, and Chad Fross.
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Photograph of a hornpipe in the stained glass window in Beachamp Chantry, Warwick
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63:. The name translates literally as "pipe-horn". It is also historically known as
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After a hiatus of fifty years, the pibgorn, alongside instruments such as the
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Contemporary players of the instrument in Wales include Jonathan Shorland,
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the materials of which the pibgorn is composed is really very tolerable"
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The Bagpipe. The History of a musical instrument by Francis M. Collinson
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322:"The Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, for the Year ..."
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Article by Julian Goodacre on his reconstruction of the double pipes
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William Morris writes in a letter to his brother, the folklorist
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Jonathan Shortland. The Pibgorn. Tapas Magazine number 21. 1987
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Notes, D. Roy Saer & Emma Lile, Museum of Welsh life
256:, Calan, Mordekkers, Taran, Saith Rhyfeddod, Rigantona,
115:; or played directly with the mouth via the reed-cap.
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Website of Gafin Morgan, maker of the plastic pibgorn
303:, an Indian folk instrument using water buffalo horn
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Offerynnau Traddodiadol y Cymru, Huw Roberts. CLERA
463:Huw Roberts Offerynnau Traddodiadol y Cymru. CLERA
20:Three examples of Eighteenth Century Welsh Pibgorn
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181:Eighteenth- and nineteenth-century references
324:Edw. Cave, 1736-. 21 April 1824. p. 412
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125:playing a Welsh Bag-Hornpipe or Pibe Cyrn
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1164:Pre-Norman Invasion musical instruments
95:, which is an early form of the modern
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392:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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75:(Welsh: "cal", or "calaf"), cut from
40:Huw Roberts playing a pibgorn, Welsh
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1169:Seven tone hole wind instruments
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28:Illustration of a Pib-gorn from
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292:, a similar Scottish instrument
775:which exist in various meters.
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87:), like that found in the
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44:made by Jonathan Shorland
211:Early twentieth century
846:Folk music of Scotland
699:Dance & Tune Types
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841:Folk music of Ireland
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454:Archaeologia 1770 NLW
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913:Heckelphone-clarinet
831:Cape Breton fiddling
800:Harmonic minor scale
230:, bagpipes, and the
105:Museum of Welsh Life
56:species of idioglot
1009:Reclam de xeremies
725:2/2 and 4/4 Dances
265:Ceri Rhys Matthews
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123:Ceri Rhys Matthews
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177:and others.
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29:
1123:Sarune Etek
1090:South Asian
1081:Dili tuiduk
890:instruments
888:Single reed
805:Ionian mode
795:Dorian mode
678:Triple harp
647:Instruments
593:Noson Lawen
252:Bands like
232:triple harp
83:) or reed (
73:single reed
1143:Categories
755:6/8 Dances
745:3/4 Dances
729:Barn dance
632:Cynghanedd
618:Cerdd Dant
586:Eisteddfod
478:095381050X
379:2011-07-24
308:References
198:Castellior
1159:Hornpipes
984:Launeddas
964:Chalumeau
923:Saxophone
824:Relations
715:2/4 Dance
610:Folk song
163:hornpipes
144:Hywel Dda
113:pibau cwd
65:cornicyll
61:aerophone
1024:Zhaleika
979:Hornpipe
974:Ganurags
947:European
928:Tárogató
903:Clarinet
734:Hornpipe
709:Clogging
388:cite web
328:21 April
296:Erkencho
278:See also
254:Fernhill
109:ungulate
97:clarinet
69:pib-corn
42:hornpipe
1118:Pey pok
1050:Dozaleh
994:Pibgorn
969:Diplica
959:BirbynÄ—
938:Xaphoon
918:Octavin
769:Marches
705:General
684:Tabwrdd
672:Pibgorn
600:Twmpath
578:General
93:bagpipe
50:pibgorn
1128:Toleat
1076:BĂĽlban
1055:Mijwiz
1040:Arghul
999:Pilili
954:Alboka
933:Venova
896:Modern
783:Scales
661:Fiddle
476:
355:
284:Alboka
171:arghul
167:alboka
32:, 1778
1102:Pungi
1060:Sipsi
1014:Sipsi
749:Waltz
719:Polka
666:Flute
655:Crwth
228:crwth
152:Crwth
91:of a
89:drone
77:elder
54:Welsh
52:is a
1097:Pepa
773:Airs
771:and
739:Reel
474:ISBN
394:link
353:ISBN
330:2021
301:Pepa
175:boha
148:Harp
138:The
67:and
58:reed
48:The
1004:Pku
759:Jig
1145::
411:^
390:}}
386:{{
173:,
169:,
150:,
880:e
873:t
866:v
563:e
556:t
549:v
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382:.
79:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
