1816:
1490:
2040:
1409:
1554:
10087:
1636:
429:
1779:
1599:
1522:
2048:
1895:
1903:
1714:
167:
2159:
1977:
1853:
1361:
9532:
9545:
2173:
2120:
diving and foraging. Seal pups typically eat no food and drink no water during the period, although some polar species eat snow. The postweaning fast ranges from two weeks in the hooded seal to 9–12 weeks in the northern elephant seal. The physiological and behavioral adaptations that allow phocid pups to endure these remarkable fasts, which are among the longest for any mammal, remain an area of active study and research.
9539:
1673:
1329:
1458:
2145:
143:
2107:. The mother ends nursing by leaving her pup at the breeding site to search for food (pups continue to nurse if given the opportunity). "Milk stealers" that suckle from unrelated, sleeping females are not uncommon; this often results in the death of the mother's pup, since a female can only feed one pup.
2128:
Phocids make use of at least four different feeding strategies: suction feeding, grip and tear feeding, filter feeding, and pierce feeding. Each of these feeding strategies is aided by a specialized skull, mandible, and tooth morphology. However, despite morphological specialization, most phocids are
2075:
Phocids spend most of their time at sea, although they return to land or pack ice to breed and give birth. Pregnant females spend long periods foraging at sea, building up fat reserves, and then return to the breeding site to use their stored energy to nurse pups. However, the common seal displays a
1968:
in such a way that they cannot bring them under their bodies to walk on them. They are more streamlined than fur seals and sea lions, so they can swim more effectively over long distances. However, because they cannot turn their hind flippers downward, they are very clumsy on land, having to wriggle
2119:
that it builds up a fat store. Before the pup is ready to forage, the mother abandons it, and the pup consumes its own fat for weeks or even months while it matures. Seals, like all marine mammals, need time to develop the oxygen stores, swimming muscles, and neural pathways necessary for effective
2091:. This combination of fasting with lactation requires the mother to provide large amounts of energy to her pup at a time when she is not eating (and often, not drinking). Mothers must supply their own metabolic needs while nursing. This is a miniature version of the
2098:
Phocids produce thick, fat-rich milk that allows them to provide their pups with large amounts of energy in a short period. This allows the mother to return to the sea in time to replenish her reserves. Lactation ranges from five to seven weeks in the
507:
were previously believed to have first entered the
Pacific through the open straits between North and South America, with the Antarctic true seals either using the same route or travelled down the west coast of Africa. It is now thought that the
1963:
zones close to breeding sites. Phocids swim by sideways movements of their bodies, using their hind flippers to fullest effect. Their fore flippers are used primarily for steering, while their hind flippers are bound to the
1958:
While otariids are known for speed and maneuverability, phocids are known for efficient, economical movement. This allows most phocids to forage far from land to exploit prey resources, while otariids are tied to rich
2418:
Fulton, Tara L.; Strobeck, Curtis (2010). "Multiple fossil calibrations, nuclear loci and mitochondrial genomes provide new insight into biogeography and divergence timing for true seals (Phocidae, Pinnipedia)".
2654:
Arnason, Ulfur; Gullberg, Anette; Janke, Axel; Kullberg, Morgan; Lehman, Niles; Petrov, Evgeny A.; Väinölä, Risto (2006-11-01). "Pinniped phylogeny and a new hypothesis for their origin and dispersal".
2603:Árnason, Úlfur; Bodin, Kristina; Gullberg, Anette; Ledje, Christina; Suzette, Mouchaty (1995). "A molecular view of pinniped relationships with particular emphasis on the true seals".
2739:
Scheel, Dirk-Martin; Slater, Graham J.; Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis; Potter, Charles W.; Rotstein, David S.; Tsangaras, Kyriakos; Greenwood, Alex D.; Helgen, Kristofer M. (2014).
465:. Other early fossil phocids date from the mid-Miocene, 15 million years ago in the north Atlantic. Until recently, many researchers believed that phocids evolved separately from
1984:
Phocid respiratory and circulatory systems are adapted to allow diving to considerable depths, and they can spend a long time underwater between breaths. Air is forced from the
1283:
Alternatively the three monachine tribes have been evaluated to familiar status, which elephant seals and the
Antarctic seals are more closely related to the phocines.
2794:
Berta, Annalisa; Churchill, Morgan (2012). "Pinniped taxonomy: review of currently recognized species and subspecies, and evidence used for their description".
1196:
analysis of the phocids led to new conclusions about the interrelatedness of the various genera. More recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have confirmed the
483:, which inhabited European freshwater lakes. Recent evidence strongly suggests a monophyletic origin for all pinnipeds from a single ancestor, possibly
2495:
Rule, James P.; Adams, Justin W.; Marx, Felix G.; Evans, Alistair R.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Scofield, R. Paul; Fitzgerald, Erich M. G. (2020-11-11).
1988:
during a dive and into the upper respiratory passages, where gases cannot easily be absorbed into the bloodstream. This helps protect the seal from
9176:
1204:
and
Monachinae). The Monachinae (known as the "southern" seals), is composed of three tribes; the Lobodontini, Miroungini, and Monachini. The four
10326:
9299:
9186:
9108:
8839:
8829:
2333:(Pinnipedia, Phocidae) from the Miocene of the North Atlantic realm: redescription, phylogenetic affinities and paleobiogeographic implications"
9994:
9984:
9927:
9843:
9005:
8918:
8709:
7904:
10378:
9908:
9776:
9734:
9259:
9219:
9045:
9035:
8889:
7975:
2095:' strategy, which involves fasting during their months-long migration from arctic feeding areas to tropical breeding/nursing areas and back.
296:
10038:
9392:
8985:
8961:
8746:
9965:
9450:
8723:
2384:"A Total Evidence Phylogenetic Analysis of Pinniped Phylogeny and the Possibility of Parallel Evolution Within a Monophyletic Framework"
10012:
9607:
9359:
9289:
8767:
8674:
10491:
9888:
1259:) are all part of the tribe Monachini. Likewise, subfamily Phocinae (the "northern" seals) also includes three tribes; Erignathini (
10300:
8578:
10506:
10501:
10339:
2971:
Costa, D. P.; Boeuf, B. J. Le; Huntley, A. C.; Ortiz, C. L. (1986). "The energetics of lactation in the
Northern elephant seal,
1898:
Skeletal anatomy of a harbor seal. 1. Skull. 2. Spine. 3. Tail. 4. Hindlimb. 5. Forelimb. 6. Shoulder. 7. Pelvis. 8. Rib cage.
10357:
2893:
2866:
2479:
2299:
10344:
2133:, uses grip and tear feeding to prey on penguins, suction feeding to consume small fish, and filter feeding to catch krill.
2031:
Unlike otariids, true seals do not communicate by 'barking'. Instead, they communicate by slapping the water and grunting.
520:
all evolved in the southern hemisphere, and likely dispersed to their current distributions from more southern latitudes.
3074:
2692:"Multiple markers and multiple individuals refine true seal phylogeny and bring molecules and morphology back in line"
4444:
2830:
2281:
10450:
10279:
10383:
10292:
10086:
4788:
2741:"Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology"
1815:
10118:
10468:
10365:
7006:
1489:
2083:
Because a phocid mother's feeding grounds are often hundreds of kilometers from the breeding site, she must
8571:
2883:
10352:
10222:
10199:
6997:
4200:
1917:
Adult phocids vary from 1.17 m (3.8 ft) in length and 45 kg (99 lb) in weight in the
10227:
8462:
8118:
3004:"The better to eat you with: the comparative feeding morphology of phocid seals (Pinnipedia, Phocidae)"
10432:
6484:
1996:
is also lined with blood sinuses that inflate during diving, helping to maintain a constant pressure.
10455:
10393:
5323:
2129:
opportunistic and employ multiple strategies to capture and eat prey. For example, the leopard seal,
166:
8381:
8276:
7015:
5305:
5033:
5000:
4976:
4797:
4049:
17:
10052:
8564:
8043:
7024:
6755:
6448:
6383:
5765:
5341:
4814:
4336:
3067:
1408:
1346:
1249:
1048:
9531:
2858:
2851:
2218:"A critical revision of the fossil record, stratigraphy and diversity of the Neogene seal genus
10419:
10139:
8267:
8019:
7832:
7708:
7320:
7302:
7130:
6824:
6815:
6457:
5195:
3987:
2471:
2191:
1989:
1922:
1435:
1426:
1006:
991:
9544:
2497:"First monk seal from the Southern Hemisphere rewrites the evolutionary history of true seals"
10414:
10331:
8444:
7699:
7681:
7672:
7663:
7148:
7139:
6511:
5281:
5272:
5263:
5212:
5150:
5132:
5123:
5060:
5009:
4847:
4838:
3275:
10442:
10406:
8556:
6466:
6362:
2003:
life than otariids. They lack external ears and have sleek, streamlined bodies. Retractable
10248:
10186:
10059:
8285:
8186:
8145:
7859:
7370:
7098:
6424:
5489:
5239:
5230:
5186:
5141:
4764:
4270:
4005:
3831:
2748:
2612:
2559:
2428:
2233:
2039:
1553:
8:
8525:
8471:
8243:
7690:
7576:
7558:
7403:
7252:
7157:
6407:
6353:
6102:
5844:
5835:
5099:
4372:
4354:
4209:
4058:
3561:
2289:
2277:
1605:
1388:
1078:
5595:
2752:
2616:
2572:
2563:
2547:
2432:
2237:
10496:
10177:
8340:
7567:
7089:
6779:
6502:
6475:
5738:
5480:
5332:
4435:
4327:
4227:
4167:
3552:
3488:
3165:
3060:
3028:
3003:
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2771:
2740:
2716:
2691:
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2585:
2523:
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2324:
2254:
2217:
2178:
2068:
2060:
1378:
1063:
458:
161:
10401:
10235:
10113:
9917:
9538:
9239:
8665:
8219:
8136:
7916:
7412:
7379:
6303:
5810:
5532:
5314:
5168:
5042:
4926:
4279:
4109:
4067:
4014:
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3776:
3534:
3033:
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2826:
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2776:
2721:
2672:
2628:
2589:
2577:
2528:
2475:
2440:
2364:
2305:
2295:
2259:
1635:
2448:
428:
10240:
9974:
8498:
8331:
7609:
7039:
6329:
6111:
5861:
5051:
4950:
4734:
4725:
4309:
4100:
4091:
3885:
3876:
3434:
3023:
3015:
2984:
2922:
2803:
2766:
2756:
2711:
2703:
2664:
2640:
2620:
2567:
2518:
2508:
2436:
2395:
2354:
2344:
2249:
2241:
1598:
343:
256:
2911:"Thermoregulatory Strategies of Diving Air-Breathing Marine Vertebrates: A Review"
2548:"The Origin and Evolutionary Biology of Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses"
1521:
1186:
showing relationships among the phocids, combining several phylogenetic analyses.
10191:
9654:
9577:
8812:
8783:
8516:
8507:
8435:
8390:
8052:
8002:
7993:
7868:
7814:
7758:
7627:
7600:
7493:
7311:
7270:
7235:
6980:
6043:
5756:
5723:
5714:
5221:
4959:
4408:
3858:
3785:
3743:
3479:
3284:
3218:
3195:
2382:
Paterson, Ryan S.; Rybczynski, Natalia; Kohno, Naoki; Maddin, Hillary C. (2020).
2047:
1233:
412:
10370:
10204:
2881:
2668:
1778:
10287:
10274:
9634:
9149:
8646:
8489:
8408:
8210:
7957:
7850:
7823:
6876:
6493:
6093:
5957:
5640:
5177:
5159:
5090:
4701:
4692:
4294:
4255:
3209:
3121:
2164:
2150:
2092:
2000:
1894:
1507:
1222:
935:
1902:
1713:
10485:
10021:
9767:
9714:
9075:
8753:
8453:
8349:
8322:
7948:
7646:
7591:
7113:
7057:
6798:
6439:
5894:
5456:
4621:
4588:
4390:
4381:
4318:
4218:
4176:
4028:
3621:
2936:
2927:
2910:
2761:
2581:
2285:
2012:
1938:
1560:
1240:
1193:
513:
504:
479:
279:
85:
5078:
4890:
2400:
2383:
2309:
2215:
2071:
seals in the world, having a total population of only about 400 individuals.
1976:
10162:
9954:
9872:
9694:
9600:
9340:
9319:
9142:
9135:
8849:
8737:
8688:
8681:
8480:
8426:
8127:
7895:
7841:
7618:
7517:
7072:
7048:
6867:
6858:
6678:
6645:
6568:
5939:
5921:
5783:
5655:
5114:
4515:
4478:
4363:
4345:
3758:
3704:
3630:
3308:
3052:
3037:
2780:
2725:
2707:
2676:
2532:
2513:
2368:
2263:
2158:
1934:
1822:
1759:
1699:
1653:
1571:
1539:
1276:(all other phocines). More recently, five species have been split off from
1261:
1216:
1210:
911:
896:
712:
681:
569:
400:
2632:
2546:
Berta, Annalisa; Churchill, Morgan; Boessenecker, Robert W. (2018-05-30).
1951:
1948:
10313:
10171:
9783:
9744:
9664:
9416:
9349:
9310:
9269:
9086:
8975:
8951:
8800:
8094:
7285:
7202:
7175:
6924:
6838:
6770:
6696:
6687:
6654:
6612:
6577:
6294:
6187:
6019:
5559:
5471:
5379:
5024:
4597:
4417:
4082:
3996:
3979:
3956:
3919:
3803:
3767:
3612:
3401:
3256:
3135:
2104:
2064:
2052:
1918:
1906:
1859:
1852:
1833:
1745:
1731:
1690:
1616:
1464:
1450:
1367:
1360:
1268:
1255:
1236:
791:
727:
657:
642:
591:
517:
485:
408:
150:
60:
39:
10214:
2245:
2080:, in which the mother makes short foraging trips between nursing bouts.
10028:
9899:
9853:
9794:
9755:
9724:
9684:
9674:
9644:
9618:
9593:
9586:
9562:
9490:
9369:
9329:
9279:
9249:
9229:
9166:
9118:
9068:
9056:
9025:
8901:
8702:
8625:
8303:
7549:
7480:
7467:
7434:
7220:
6958:
6718:
6266:
6243:
6129:
6120:
6069:
6034:
6010:
5774:
5673:
5622:
5568:
5550:
5523:
5430:
5380:
4779:
4752:
4680:
4663:
4426:
4399:
4245:
4149:
4133:
3969:
3849:
3689:
3525:
3392:
3184:
3152:
3136:
2624:
2349:
2186:
2077:
1993:
1785:
1642:
1313:
1143:
854:
536:
490:
385:
301:
265:
105:
70:
3019:
2950:
10318:
10261:
9833:
9823:
9433:
9426:
9409:
9156:
9128:
9098:
9015:
8995:
8941:
8929:
8695:
8631:
8619:
8234:
8169:
7782:
7722:
7508:
7329:
6944:
6936:
6885:
6735:
6621:
6603:
6317:
6151:
5984:
5826:
5792:
5604:
5296:
4570:
4040:
3516:
3084:
2100:
2088:
1960:
1942:
1930:
1926:
1870:
1796:
1475:
1321:
1244:
1228:
1205:
1197:
1183:
1127:
959:
806:
760:
509:
500:
450:
444:
434:
404:
396:
218:
178:
131:
110:
35:
10305:
10133:
1921:
to 5.8 m (19 ft) and 4,000 kg (8,800 lb) in the
1328:
10266:
10156:
10045:
10001:
9938:
9704:
9460:
9402:
9202:
8968:
8861:
8716:
8607:
8588:
7931:
7394:
7211:
7187:
6548:
6398:
6344:
6280:
6275:
6228:
6160:
6078:
5948:
5697:
5688:
5586:
5541:
5421:
5254:
4991:
4900:
4869:
4829:
4716:
4648:
4556:
4547:
3867:
3663:
3416:
3299:
3266:
3115:
3103:
2008:
1586:
1528:
1415:
1335:
1201:
556:
466:
393:
381:
377:
333:
306:
231:
198:
127:
100:
95:
80:
75:
65:
31:
2323:
Dewaele, Leonard; Lambert, Olivier; Louwye, Stephen (2017-02-21).
10463:
9806:
9380:
8760:
8313:
8160:
8034:
7749:
7261:
6591:
6057:
5613:
5577:
5444:
5412:
5396:
4909:
4612:
4191:
3672:
3579:
3497:
3425:
3367:
3344:
3237:
2291:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
2116:
2084:
2056:
2016:
1496:
1273:
454:
123:
115:
90:
2539:
1672:
9813:
8613:
8601:
8417:
8364:
8109:
7797:
7531:
6251:
5912:
5747:
5504:
4941:
3713:
3639:
3588:
3570:
3543:
3464:
3326:
3109:
3097:
2004:
1970:
1965:
1147:
470:
329:
208:
188:
2738:
364:
10427:
10253:
9440:
8586:
8399:
8258:
8201:
8074:
7877:
7734:
7361:
7343:
6966:
6636:
5885:
5870:
4531:
3822:
3317:
2882:
Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J.G.M. (2009).
2381:
2020:
1679:
474:
462:
389:
273:
2653:
1457:
9467:
7773:
6669:
5994:
5930:
3603:
3335:
3193:
1985:
1720:
494:
352:
2545:
1929:. Phocids have fewer teeth than land-based members of the
142:
5903:
5512:
3840:
2602:
2216:
Leonard
Dewaele; Olivier Lambert; Stephen Louwye (2018).
2144:
358:
392:
of both hemispheres and, with the exception of the more
2696:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
2501:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
2023:
flow to this layer to help control their temperatures.
2970:
2019:
lies underneath the skin. Phocids are able to divert
355:
349:
10034:
9990:
9980:
9950:
9923:
9884:
9849:
9839:
9829:
9819:
9802:
9764:
9740:
9730:
9720:
9710:
9700:
9690:
9680:
9670:
9660:
9650:
9640:
9630:
9574:
9456:
9446:
9422:
9398:
9388:
9365:
9355:
9325:
9295:
9285:
9275:
9265:
9255:
9245:
9235:
9225:
9215:
9182:
9172:
9162:
9124:
9114:
9104:
9094:
9064:
9041:
9031:
9021:
9011:
9001:
8991:
8981:
8957:
8947:
8937:
8914:
8885:
8845:
8835:
8825:
8796:
8734:
8662:
6734:
4130:
2322:
2140:
361:
2461:
346:
2909:Favilla, Arina B.; Costa, Daniel P. (2020-09-11).
2850:
2494:
2463:
10483:
4530:
2875:
2294:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press.
2015:provide further streamlining. A smooth layer of
2793:
2689:
2417:
2076:reproductive strategy similar to that used by
8572:
5394:
3235:
3068:
2825:. United Kingdom: Blandford. pp. 1–224.
2552:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
3082:
2908:
2848:
2690:Fulton, Tara Lynn; Strobeck, Curtis (2010).
3001:
2211:
2209:
2207:
1925:, which is the largest member of the order
336:. All true seals are members of the family
8579:
8565:
3255:
3075:
3061:
3002:Kienle, Sarah S.; Berta, Annalisa (2016).
2849:McLaren, Ian (1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.).
2814:
2276:
442:The earliest known fossil earless seal is
141:
9489:
7478:
3967:
3150:
3027:
2926:
2770:
2760:
2715:
2571:
2522:
2512:
2399:
2358:
2348:
2253:
418:
5824:
2204:
2110:
2046:
2038:
1975:
1969:with their front flippers and abdominal
1901:
1893:
427:
8870:
4898:
3661:
3182:
14:
10484:
7991:
6227:
2844:
2842:
2820:
2466:Mammal Evolution: an illustrated guide
1239:. Tribe Miroungini is composed of the
1192:In the 1980s and 1990s, morphological
10138:
10137:
10102:
9560:
8644:
8560:
7465:
6922:
6226:
5378:
4513:
3954:
3134:
3056:
2657:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
10469:724FB2C0-0779-4E60-A987-CDFD198E9E08
10433:3C20BA6E-FFE1-FFD0-DBDB-FF5EFC9685AC
10394:cbcab5d6-fda1-40db-a121-e49e33d71726
10293:78185852-f47d-4b63-a8ff-144dc8ca3050
2857:. New York: Facts on File. pp.
2470:. New York: Facts on File. pp.
2413:
2411:
2043:Southern elephant seals in Argentina
328:are one of the three main groups of
4445:South African small-spotted genet (
2839:
2573:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010009
2462:Savage, RJG & Long, MR (1986).
2270:
2123:
1889:
1280:, forming three additional genera.
411:is the only species of exclusively
24:
8645:
2989:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1986.tb03563.x
2915:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
2388:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
2103:to just three to five days in the
25:
10518:
4789:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (
3048:
2408:
1999:Phocids are more specialized for
10492:Extant Miocene first appearances
10085:
9543:
9537:
9530:
4514:
2823:Seals and Sea Lions of the World
2808:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00193.x
2441:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02271.x
2171:
2157:
2143:
2026:
1933:, although they retain powerful
1851:
1814:
1777:
1712:
1671:
1634:
1597:
1552:
1520:
1488:
1456:
1407:
1359:
1327:
1286:
342:
165:
58:
6923:
3955:
2995:
2964:
2943:
2902:
2787:
2732:
2683:
2647:
2034:
1200:of the two phocid subfamilies (
10507:Non-human celestial navigation
10502:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
10119:List of fossil pinnipedimorphs
9561:
7466:
2885:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
2605:Journal of Molecular Evolution
2596:
2558:(1). Annual Reviews: 203–228.
2488:
2455:
2375:
2316:
1395:(probably extinct around 1952)
489:, most closely related to the
13:
1:
4201:Malabar large-spotted civet (
2197:
2115:The pup's diet is so high in
473:; and that they evolved from
376:to distinguish them from the
372:). They are sometimes called
42:, a family of toothed whales.
8463:Indonesian mountain weasel (
8119:North American river otter (
7007:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (
4061:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii
1023:(elephant seals)
423:
7:
5324:Somalian slender mongoose (
2853:The Encyclopedia of Mammals
2669:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.022
2136:
523:
10:
10523:
8277:Asian small-clawed otter (
7016:American hog-nosed skunk (
6998:Molina's hog-nosed skunk (
5306:Angolan slender mongoose (
5001:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (
4050:Small-toothed palm civet (
2226:Royal Society Open Science
1884:
38:, a family of spiders, or
34:, a genus of butterflies,
29:
10146:
10109:
10103:
10098:
10083:
10011:
9964:
9946:
9937:
9907:
9898:
9880:
9871:
9793:
9763:
9754:
9626:
9617:
9573:
9569:
9556:
9527:
9485:
9379:
9339:
9309:
9211:
9200:
9085:
9055:
8928:
8910:
8899:
8881:
8859:
8821:
8810:
8792:
8781:
8733:
8661:
8657:
8653:
8640:
8596:
8362:
8311:
8302:
8256:
8232:
8199:
8182:
8158:
8107:
8090:
8073:
8044:Saharan striped polecat (
8032:
8015:
7974:
7929:
7912:
7903:
7894:
7795:
7771:
7747:
7730:
7721:
7644:
7589:
7547:
7530:
7506:
7489:
7474:
7461:
7433:
7392:
7359:
7342:
7283:
7233:
7200:
7183:
7174:
7111:
7070:
7037:
7025:Striped hog-nosed skunk (
6978:
6957:
6935:
6931:
6918:
6854:
6837:
6796:
6768:
6756:Mediterranean monk seal (
6751:
6717:
6667:
6634:
6599:
6590:
6564:
6547:
6528:
6485:Juan Fernández fur seal (
6449:South American fur seal (
6437:
6420:
6396:
6384:South American sea lion (
6379:
6342:
6325:
6316:
6292:
6264:
6242:
6238:
6222:
6186:
6159:
6150:
6091:
6065:
6056:
6032:
6008:
5993:
5982:
5883:
5857:
5809:
5766:South American gray fox (
5736:
5710:
5686:
5669:
5654:
5639:
5502:
5469:
5452:
5443:
5410:
5390:
5374:
5342:Common slender mongoose (
5294:
5252:
5208:
5112:
5086:
5077:
5022:
4989:
4972:
4939:
4922:
4889:
4868:
4827:
4815:Narrow-striped mongoose (
4810:
4777:
4760:
4751:
4714:
4688:
4679:
4662:
4646:
4610:
4584:
4569:
4545:
4526:
4522:
4509:
4477:
4473:
4337:Crested servaline genet (
4292:
4253:
4244:
4189:
4163:
4148:
4126:
4080:
4036:
4027:
3978:
3963:
3950:
3918:
3820:
3756:
3739:
3730:
3702:
3685:
3652:
3601:
3514:
3477:
3460:
3451:
3414:
3390:
3381:
3365:
3297:
3264:
3251:
3231:
3178:
3161:
3146:
3130:
3092:
1665:
1628:
1591:
1583:
1447:
1401:
1383:Neomonachus schauinslandi
1372:Slater & Helgen, 2014
1318:
1310:
1141:
1125:
1118:
1076:
1061:
1046:
1039:
1004:
989:
982:
957:
933:
909:
894:
887:
880:
873:
865:
858:
804:
789:
782:
758:
725:
710:
703:
679:
655:
640:
633:
626:
619:
612:
605:
589:
582:
567:
560:
550:
540:
399:, are mostly confined to
332:within the seal lineage,
292:
287:
271:
264:
162:Scientific classification
160:
149:
140:
49:
8400:Stoat/Beringian ermine (
8268:African clawless otter (
8020:African striped weasel (
7833:Yellow-throated marten (
7709:Formosan ferret-badger (
7413:Western mountain coati (
7404:Eastern mountain coati (
7321:Western lowland olingo (
7303:Eastern lowland olingo (
7131:Southern spotted skunk (
6825:Southern elephant seal (
6816:Northern elephant seal (
6606:Pagophilus groenlandicus
5383:("dog-like" carnivorans)
5196:Stripe-necked mongoose (
4817:Mungotictis decemlineata
3692:Herpailurus yagouaroundi
3139:("cat-like" carnivorans)
2928:10.3389/fevo.2020.555509
2762:10.3897/zookeys.409.6244
2288:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
1801:Pagophilus groenlandicus
30:Not to be confused with
8445:Yellow-bellied weasel (
7700:Burmese ferret-badger (
7682:Chinese ferret-badger (
7673:Bornean ferret badger (
7664:Vietnam ferret-badger (
7149:Eastern spotted skunk (
7140:Western spotted skunk (
6870:Leptonychotes weddellii
6512:Subantarctic fur seal (
6458:Australasian fur seal (
5282:Black-footed mongoose (
5264:Bushy-tailed mongoose (
5213:White-tailed mongoose (
5151:Indian brown mongoose (
5133:Short-tailed mongoose (
5124:Small Indian mongoose (
5061:Flat-headed kusimanse (
5034:Alexander's kusimanse (
5010:Common dwarf mongoose (
4977:Pousargues's mongoose (
4839:Brown-tailed mongoose (
4798:Grandidier's mongoose (
4052:Arctogalidia trivirgata
3276:Sunda clouded leopard (
2973:Mirounga angustirostris
2421:Journal of Biogeography
2401:10.3389/fevo.2019.00457
1576:Leptonychotes weddellii
1431:Mirounga angustirostris
1393:Neomonachus tropicalis
1347:Mediterranean monk seal
1049:Mediterranean monk seal
477:-like animals, such as
8286:Congo clawless otter (
8189:Hydrictis maculicollis
8187:Spotted-necked otter (
8146:Southern river otter (
8097:Pteronura brasiliensis
7860:European pine marten (
7371:South American coati (
7099:Palawan stink badger (
6425:New Zealand sea lion (
5490:Japanese raccoon dog (
5187:Crab-eating mongoose (
5142:Indian grey mongoose (
4765:Ring-tailed vontsira (
4576:(bone-crushing hyenas)
4271:Central African oyan (
3832:Chinese mountain cat (
2708:10.1098/rspb.2009.1783
2514:10.1098/rspb.2020.2318
2222:(Carnivora, Phocidae)"
2192:Marine mammals as food
2072:
2044:
1981:
1923:southern elephant seal
1914:
1899:
1436:Southern elephant seal
1427:Northern elephant seal
1007:Northern elephant seal
992:Southern elephant seal
439:
419:Taxonomy and evolution
10415:Paleobiology Database
8591:and their stem-allies
8526:Back-striped weasel (
8472:Black-footed ferret (
8244:Smooth-coated otter (
8022:Poecilogale albinucha
7691:Javan ferret-badger (
7577:Sumatran hog badger (
7559:Northern hog badger (
7253:Crab-eating raccoon (
7158:Pygmy spotted skunk (
6879:Lobodon carcinophagus
6615:Histriophoca fasciata
6408:Australian sea lion (
6354:California sea lion (
6103:American black bear (
5845:Black-backed jackal (
5836:Side-striped jackal (
5676:Chrysocyon brachyurus
5100:Long-nosed mongoose (
4373:Rusty-spotted genet (
4210:Large-spotted civet (
4059:Sulawesi palm civet (
3988:Owston's palm civet (
3562:Andean mountain cat (
2111:Growth and maturation
2067:, are among the most
2050:
2042:
1979:
1905:
1897:
1838:Histriophoca fasciata
1512:Lobodon carcinophagus
431:
10288:Fauna Europaea (new)
8341:Long-tailed weasel (
7919:Lyncodon patagonicus
7568:Greater hog badger (
7090:Sunda stink badger (
6780:Hawaiian monk seal (
6503:Guadalupe fur seal (
6476:Antarctic fur seal (
6467:Galápagos fur seal (
6363:Galápagos sea lion (
5481:Common raccoon dog (
5333:Cape gray mongoose (
5273:Jackson's mongoose (
5233:Paracynictis selousi
5224:Cynictis penicillata
4848:Durrell's vontsira (
4436:Giant forest genet (
4228:Large Indian civet (
4168:Small Indian civet (
3777:Sunda leopard cat (
3553:Southern tiger cat (
3489:African golden cat (
3166:African palm civet (
2951:"Saimaa Ringed Seal"
1937:. Some species lack
388:. Seals live in the
8384:M. aistoodonnivalis
8220:Hairy-nosed otter (
8137:Neotropical otter (
7917:Patagonian weasel (
7380:White-nosed coati (
6580:Cystophora cristata
6571:Erignathus barbatus
6304:Northern fur seal (
6081:Helarctos malayanus
5717:Atelocynus microtis
5424:U. cinereoargenteus
5315:Egyptian mongoose (
5242:Rhynchogale melleri
5240:Meller's mongoose (
5231:Selous's mongoose (
5215:Ichneumia albicauda
5169:Collared mongoose (
5043:Angolan kusimanse (
4927:Liberian mongoose (
4280:West African oyan (
4179:Civettictis civetta
4110:Golden palm civet (
4068:Masked palm civet (
4043:Arctictis binturong
4017:Hemigalus derbyanus
4015:Banded palm civet (
4006:Hose's palm civet (
3795:Rusty-spotted cat (
2821:Bonner, N. (1994).
2753:2014ZooK..409....1S
2702:(1684): 1065–1070.
2617:1995JMolE..40...78A
2564:2018AREPS..46..203B
2433:2010JBiog..37..814F
2246:10.1098/rsos.171669
2238:2018RSOS....571669D
2061:Saimaa ringed seals
1658:Erignathus barbatus
1621:Cystophora cristata
1389:Caribbean monk seal
1079:Caribbean monk seal
8499:European polecat (
8332:Colombian weasel (
7982:(African polecats)
7610:Caucasian badger (
7538:(Eurasian badgers)
6988:(hog-nosed skunks)
6725:("southern seals")
6624:Halichoerus grypus
6555:("northern seals")
6427:Phocarctos hookeri
6332:Eumetopias jubatus
6330:Steller sea lion (
6112:Asian black bear (
5862:African wild dog (
5816:(wolf-like canids)
5093:Atilax paludinosus
5052:Common kusimanse (
4979:Dologale dybowskii
4951:Gambian mongoose (
4735:Western falanouc (
4726:Eastern falanouc (
4695:Cryptoprocta ferox
4600:Parahyaena brunnea
4355:Johnston's genet (
4310:Abyssinian genet (
4262:(African linsangs)
4170:Viverricula indica
4101:Brown palm civet (
4092:Asian palm civet (
3999:Cynogale bennettii
3990:Chrotogale owstoni
3886:European wildcat (
3877:Black-footed cat (
3467:Leptailurus serval
3435:Asian golden cat (
3201:(Asiatic linsangs)
3008:Journal of Anatomy
2977:Journal of Zoology
2888:. Academic Press.
2625:10.1007/BF00166598
2507:(1938): 20202318.
2350:10.7717/peerj.3024
2179:Marine life portal
2073:
2063:, a subspecies of
2045:
2011:, and an internal
1982:
1915:
1900:
1875:Halichoerus grypus
1805:Phoca groenlandica
1593:Tribe Cystophorini
1379:Hawaiian monk seal
1064:Hawaiian monk seal
440:
56:Aquitanian–present
10479:
10478:
10402:Open Tree of Life
10140:Taxon identifiers
10131:
10130:
10127:
10126:
10114:List of pinnipeds
10094:
10093:
10081:
10080:
10077:
10076:
10073:
10072:
10069:
10068:
9867:
9866:
9863:
9862:
9552:
9551:
9525:
9524:
9521:
9520:
9517:
9516:
9513:
9512:
9509:
9508:
9481:
9480:
9477:
9476:
9196:
9195:
8777:
8776:
8666:Amphicynodontidae
8554:
8553:
8550:
8549:
8546:
8545:
8542:
8541:
8538:
8537:
8517:Siberian weasel (
8508:American ermine (
8436:Japanese weasel (
8391:Mountain weasel (
8375:
8298:
8297:
8084:
8069:
8068:
8065:
8064:
8053:Striped polecat (
8003:Marbled polecat (
7985:
7970:
7969:
7942:
7890:
7889:
7869:Japanese marten (
7815:American marten (
7808:
7666:M. cucphuongensis
7657:
7640:
7639:
7628:European badger (
7601:Japanese badger (
7541:
7494:American badger (
7457:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7429:
7428:
7425:
7424:
7353:
7312:Northern olingo (
7296:
7271:Cozumel raccoon (
7246:
7170:
7169:
7124:
7083:
6991:
6972:
6914:
6913:
6910:
6909:
6906:
6905:
6902:
6901:
6898:
6897:
6888:Ommatophoca rossi
6861:Hydrurga leptonyx
6848:
6845:(Antarctic seals)
6818:M. angustirostris
6809:
6792:
6791:
6758:Monachus monachus
6745:
6728:
6713:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6558:
6541:
6524:
6523:
6386:Otaria flavescens
6375:
6374:
6286:
6254:Odobenus rosmarus
6218:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6169:
6146:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6044:Spectacled bear (
6002:
5978:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5818:
5805:
5804:
5724:Crab-eating fox (
5715:Short-eared dog (
5663:
5648:
5635:
5634:
5517:
5459:Otocyon megalotis
5403:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5222:Yellow mongoose (
5073:
5072:
4960:Banded mongoose (
4929:Liberiictus kuhni
4883:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4747:
4746:
4673:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4578:
4539:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4409:Servaline genet (
4328:Bourlon's genet (
4303:
4264:
4240:
4239:
4122:
4121:
4094:P. hermaphroditus
3946:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3859:African wildcat (
3816:
3815:
3786:Flat-headed cat (
3726:
3725:
3510:
3509:
3447:
3446:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3285:Clouded leopard (
3244:
3219:Spotted linsang (
3203:
3168:Nandinia binotata
3020:10.1111/joa.12410
2895:978-0-08-091993-5
2868:978-0-87196-871-5
2481:978-0-8160-1194-0
2301:978-0-8018-8221-0
2282:"Order Carnivora"
2278:Wozencraft, W. C.
2131:Hydrurga leptonyx
1882:
1881:
1865:
1828:
1791:
1726:
1685:
1648:
1630:Tribe Erignathini
1611:
1566:
1544:Hydrurga leptonyx
1534:
1502:
1480:Ommatophoca rossi
1470:
1421:
1373:
1351:Monachus monachus
1341:
1190:
1189:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1027:
1026:
1017:
1016:
970:
969:
946:
945:
922:
921:
844:
843:
835:
834:
826:
825:
817:
816:
771:
770:
747:
746:
738:
737:
692:
691:
668:
667:
314:
313:
260:
135:
27:Family of mammals
16:(Redirected from
10514:
10472:
10471:
10459:
10458:
10446:
10445:
10436:
10435:
10423:
10422:
10410:
10409:
10397:
10396:
10387:
10386:
10374:
10373:
10371:NHMSYS0000376169
10361:
10360:
10348:
10347:
10335:
10334:
10322:
10321:
10309:
10308:
10296:
10295:
10283:
10282:
10270:
10269:
10257:
10256:
10244:
10243:
10231:
10230:
10218:
10217:
10208:
10207:
10195:
10194:
10182:
10181:
10180:
10167:
10166:
10165:
10135:
10134:
10100:
10099:
10089:
10036:
9992:
9982:
9952:
9944:
9943:
9925:
9905:
9904:
9886:
9878:
9877:
9851:
9841:
9831:
9821:
9804:
9766:
9761:
9760:
9742:
9732:
9722:
9712:
9702:
9692:
9682:
9672:
9662:
9652:
9642:
9632:
9624:
9623:
9576:
9571:
9570:
9558:
9557:
9547:
9541:
9535:
9534:
9487:
9486:
9458:
9448:
9424:
9400:
9390:
9367:
9357:
9327:
9297:
9287:
9277:
9267:
9257:
9247:
9237:
9227:
9217:
9209:
9208:
9184:
9174:
9164:
9126:
9116:
9106:
9096:
9066:
9043:
9033:
9023:
9013:
9003:
8993:
8983:
8959:
8949:
8939:
8916:
8908:
8907:
8887:
8879:
8878:
8868:
8867:
8847:
8837:
8827:
8819:
8818:
8798:
8790:
8789:
8736:
8664:
8659:
8658:
8655:
8654:
8642:
8641:
8581:
8574:
8567:
8558:
8557:
8490:Malayan weasel (
8409:Steppe polecat (
8382:Sichuan weasel (
8374:
8373:
8369:
8309:
8308:
8246:L. perspicillata
8211:Eurasian otter (
8088:
8087:
8083:
8082:
8078:
7989:
7988:
7984:
7983:
7979:
7958:Greater grison (
7941:
7940:
7936:
7910:
7909:
7901:
7900:
7851:Nilgiri marten (
7824:Pacific marten (
7807:
7806:
7802:
7728:
7727:
7711:M. subaurantiaca
7656:
7655:
7654:(ferret-badgers)
7651:
7545:
7544:
7540:
7539:
7535:
7487:
7486:
7476:
7475:
7463:
7462:
7357:
7356:
7352:
7351:
7347:
7295:
7294:
7290:
7245:
7244:
7240:
7181:
7180:
7123:
7122:
7121:(spotted skunks)
7118:
7082:
7081:
7077:
6990:
6989:
6985:
6976:
6975:
6971:
6970:
6962:
6933:
6932:
6920:
6919:
6877:Crabeater seal (
6852:
6851:
6847:
6846:
6842:
6808:
6807:
6806:(elephant seals)
6803:
6782:N. schauinslandi
6749:
6748:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6732:
6731:
6727:
6726:
6722:
6597:
6596:
6562:
6561:
6557:
6556:
6552:
6545:
6544:
6540:
6539:
6533:
6494:Brown fur seal (
6469:A. galapagoensis
6356:Z. californianus
6323:
6322:
6290:
6289:
6285:
6284:
6270:
6240:
6239:
6232:
6224:
6223:
6168:
6167:
6163:
6157:
6156:
6072:Melursus ursinus
6063:
6062:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5998:
5991:
5990:
5958:Ethiopian wolf (
5822:
5821:
5817:
5814:
5667:
5666:
5662:
5659:
5652:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5533:Blanford's fox (
5516:
5509:
5450:
5449:
5408:
5407:
5402:
5399:
5392:
5391:
5384:
5376:
5375:
5178:Ruddy mongoose (
5160:Javan mongoose (
5091:Marsh mongoose (
5084:
5083:
5063:C. platycephalus
4896:
4895:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4758:
4757:
4702:Malagasy civet (
4686:
4685:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4667:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4574:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4511:
4510:
4475:
4474:
4302:
4299:
4263:
4260:
4251:
4250:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4128:
4127:
4034:
4033:
3976:
3975:
3965:
3964:
3952:
3951:
3746:Otocolobus manul
3737:
3736:
3659:
3658:
3535:Geoffroy's cat (
3458:
3457:
3388:
3387:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3262:
3261:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3240:
3233:
3232:
3210:Banded linsang (
3202:
3199:
3191:
3190:
3180:
3179:
3159:
3158:
3148:
3147:
3140:
3132:
3131:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3042:
3041:
3031:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2930:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2856:
2846:
2837:
2836:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2774:
2764:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2719:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2575:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2526:
2516:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2469:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2415:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2362:
2352:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2213:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2124:Feeding strategy
1955:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1941:altogether. The
1890:External anatomy
1863:
1855:
1826:
1818:
1789:
1781:
1724:
1716:
1693:or common seal,
1683:
1675:
1646:
1638:
1609:
1601:
1564:
1556:
1532:
1524:
1500:
1492:
1468:
1460:
1440:Mirounga leonina
1419:
1411:
1403:Tribe Miroungini
1371:
1363:
1339:
1331:
1291:
1290:
1266:, Cystophorini (
1232:are part of the
1121:
1120:
1042:
1041:
985:
984:
890:
889:
883:
882:
876:
875:
868:
867:
861:
860:
785:
784:
706:
705:
636:
635:
629:
628:
622:
621:
615:
614:
608:
607:
585:
584:
563:
562:
553:
552:
543:
542:
533:
532:
528:
527:
403:, subpolar, and
371:
370:
367:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
255:
170:
169:
145:
130:, possible late
121:
120:
57:
53:Temporal range:
47:
46:
21:
10522:
10521:
10517:
10516:
10515:
10513:
10512:
10511:
10482:
10481:
10480:
10475:
10467:
10462:
10454:
10449:
10441:
10439:
10431:
10426:
10418:
10413:
10405:
10400:
10392:
10390:
10382:
10377:
10369:
10364:
10356:
10351:
10343:
10338:
10330:
10325:
10317:
10312:
10304:
10299:
10291:
10286:
10278:
10273:
10265:
10260:
10252:
10247:
10239:
10234:
10226:
10221:
10213:
10211:
10203:
10198:
10190:
10185:
10176:
10175:
10170:
10161:
10160:
10155:
10142:
10132:
10123:
10105:
10090:
10065:
10007:
9960:
9933:
9894:
9859:
9789:
9750:
9655:Kamtschatarctos
9613:
9578:Desmatophocidae
9565:
9548:
9529:
9505:
9473:
9375:
9335:
9305:
9205:
9192:
9081:
9051:
8924:
8904:
8895:
8875:
8864:
8855:
8815:
8813:Pinnipediformes
8806:
8786:
8784:Pinnipedimorpha
8773:
8729:
8649:
8636:
8592:
8585:
8555:
8534:
8510:M. richardsonii
8454:European mink (
8371:
8370:
8368:
8358:
8350:American mink (
8323:Amazon weasel (
8294:
8252:
8228:
8195:
8178:
8154:
8103:
8080:
8079:
8077:
8061:
8028:
8011:
7981:
7980:
7978:
7966:
7949:Lesser grison (
7938:
7937:
7935:
7925:
7886:
7804:
7803:
7801:
7791:
7767:
7743:
7717:
7653:
7652:
7650:
7636:
7585:
7537:
7536:
7534:
7526:
7502:
7483:
7470:
7449:
7421:
7388:
7349:
7348:
7346:
7338:
7292:
7291:
7289:
7279:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7229:
7196:
7166:
7133:S. angustifrons
7120:
7119:
7117:
7107:
7080:(stink badgers)
7079:
7078:
7076:
7066:
7058:Striped skunk (
7033:
7027:C. semistriatus
6987:
6986:
6984:
6964:
6963:
6961:
6953:
6947:Ailurus fulgens
6927:
6894:
6844:
6843:
6841:
6833:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6788:
6764:
6741:
6740:
6738:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6705:
6663:
6630:
6586:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6537:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6520:
6433:
6416:
6392:
6371:
6338:
6312:
6279:
6274:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6265:
6260:
6234:
6230:
6202:
6182:
6165:
6164:
6138:
6087:
6052:
6028:
5999:
5997:
5987:
5966:
5895:Golden jackal (
5879:
5853:
5815:
5813:
5801:
5732:
5726:Cerdocyon thous
5706:
5682:
5660:
5658:
5645:
5643:
5631:
5596:Rüppell's fox (
5510:
5508:
5498:
5483:N. procyonoides
5465:
5457:Bat-eared fox (
5439:
5404:
5400:
5386:
5382:
5350:
5335:H. pulverulenta
5290:
5248:
5204:
5171:U. semitorquata
5126:U. auropunctata
5108:
5069:
5018:
4985:
4968:
4935:
4918:
4880:
4878:
4873:
4872:
4856:
4823:
4806:
4773:
4767:Galidia elegans
4743:
4710:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4656:
4651:
4630:
4622:Spotted hyena (
4606:
4589:Striped hyena (
4575:
4573:
4565:
4536:
4534:
4518:
4493:
4453:
4391:Aquatic genet (
4382:Pardine genet (
4319:Angolan genet (
4300:
4298:
4288:
4273:P. richardsonii
4261:
4259:
4236:
4219:Malayan civet (
4185:
4177:African civet (
4153:
4152:
4142:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4118:
4076:
4023:
4008:Diplogale hosei
3972:
3959:
3934:
3894:
3812:
3752:
3732:
3722:
3698:
3681:
3654:
3648:
3622:Eurasian lynx (
3597:
3506:
3473:
3453:
3443:
3410:
3383:
3375:
3370:
3353:
3293:
3245:
3241:
3227:
3200:
3187:
3174:
3155:
3142:
3138:
3126:
3088:
3081:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3000:
2996:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2907:
2903:
2896:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2819:
2815:
2792:
2788:
2737:
2733:
2688:
2684:
2652:
2648:
2601:
2597:
2544:
2540:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2460:
2456:
2416:
2409:
2380:
2376:
2321:
2317:
2302:
2275:
2271:
2214:
2205:
2200:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2139:
2126:
2113:
2093:humpback whales
2051:Living only in
2037:
2029:
1947:
1946:
1892:
1887:
1289:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1028:
1018:
971:
947:
923:
845:
836:
827:
818:
772:
748:
739:
693:
669:
526:
518:Antarctic seals
426:
421:
413:freshwater seal
407:climates. The
345:
341:
283:
277:
254:
164:
136:
119:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
55:
54:
51:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10520:
10510:
10509:
10504:
10499:
10494:
10477:
10476:
10474:
10473:
10460:
10447:
10437:
10424:
10411:
10398:
10388:
10375:
10362:
10349:
10336:
10323:
10310:
10297:
10284:
10275:Fauna Europaea
10271:
10258:
10245:
10232:
10219:
10209:
10196:
10183:
10168:
10152:
10150:
10144:
10143:
10129:
10128:
10125:
10124:
10122:
10121:
10116:
10110:
10107:
10106:
10096:
10095:
10092:
10091:
10084:
10082:
10079:
10078:
10075:
10074:
10071:
10070:
10067:
10066:
10064:
10063:
10056:
10049:
10042:
10032:
10025:
10017:
10015:
10009:
10008:
10006:
10005:
9998:
9988:
9978:
9970:
9968:
9962:
9961:
9959:
9958:
9947:
9941:
9935:
9934:
9932:
9931:
9921:
9913:
9911:
9902:
9896:
9895:
9893:
9892:
9881:
9875:
9869:
9868:
9865:
9864:
9861:
9860:
9858:
9857:
9847:
9837:
9827:
9817:
9810:
9799:
9797:
9791:
9790:
9788:
9787:
9780:
9772:
9770:
9758:
9752:
9751:
9749:
9748:
9738:
9728:
9718:
9708:
9698:
9688:
9678:
9668:
9658:
9648:
9638:
9635:Archaeodobenus
9627:
9621:
9615:
9614:
9612:
9611:
9604:
9597:
9590:
9582:
9580:
9567:
9566:
9554:
9553:
9550:
9549:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9522:
9519:
9518:
9515:
9514:
9511:
9510:
9507:
9506:
9504:
9503:
9502:
9501:
9495:
9493:
9483:
9482:
9479:
9478:
9475:
9474:
9472:
9471:
9464:
9454:
9444:
9437:
9430:
9420:
9413:
9406:
9396:
9385:
9383:
9377:
9376:
9374:
9373:
9363:
9353:
9345:
9343:
9337:
9336:
9334:
9333:
9323:
9315:
9313:
9307:
9306:
9304:
9303:
9293:
9283:
9273:
9263:
9253:
9243:
9233:
9223:
9212:
9206:
9201:
9198:
9197:
9194:
9193:
9191:
9190:
9180:
9177:Properiptychus
9170:
9160:
9153:
9146:
9139:
9132:
9122:
9112:
9102:
9091:
9089:
9083:
9082:
9080:
9079:
9072:
9061:
9059:
9053:
9052:
9050:
9049:
9039:
9029:
9019:
9009:
8999:
8989:
8979:
8972:
8965:
8955:
8945:
8934:
8932:
8926:
8925:
8923:
8922:
8911:
8905:
8900:
8897:
8896:
8894:
8893:
8882:
8876:
8871:
8865:
8860:
8857:
8856:
8854:
8853:
8843:
8833:
8822:
8816:
8811:
8808:
8807:
8805:
8804:
8793:
8787:
8782:
8779:
8778:
8775:
8774:
8772:
8771:
8764:
8757:
8750:
8742:
8740:
8731:
8730:
8728:
8727:
8720:
8713:
8706:
8699:
8692:
8685:
8678:
8670:
8668:
8651:
8650:
8647:Pan-Pinnipedia
8638:
8637:
8635:
8634:
8628:
8622:
8616:
8610:
8604:
8597:
8594:
8593:
8584:
8583:
8576:
8569:
8561:
8552:
8551:
8548:
8547:
8544:
8543:
8540:
8539:
8536:
8535:
8533:
8532:
8528:M. strigidorsa
8523:
8514:
8505:
8496:
8487:
8481:Least weasel (
8478:
8469:
8460:
8451:
8442:
8433:
8427:Haida ermine (
8424:
8415:
8411:M. eversmannii
8406:
8397:
8388:
8378:
8376:
8360:
8359:
8357:
8356:
8347:
8338:
8329:
8319:
8317:
8306:
8300:
8299:
8296:
8295:
8293:
8292:
8283:
8274:
8264:
8262:
8254:
8253:
8251:
8250:
8240:
8238:
8230:
8229:
8227:
8226:
8217:
8207:
8205:
8197:
8196:
8194:
8193:
8183:
8180:
8179:
8177:
8176:
8166:
8164:
8156:
8155:
8153:
8152:
8143:
8139:L. longicaudis
8134:
8128:Marine otter (
8125:
8115:
8113:
8105:
8104:
8102:
8101:
8091:
8085:
8071:
8070:
8067:
8066:
8063:
8062:
8060:
8059:
8050:
8040:
8038:
8030:
8029:
8027:
8026:
8016:
8013:
8012:
8010:
8009:
7999:
7997:
7986:
7972:
7971:
7968:
7967:
7965:
7964:
7955:
7945:
7943:
7927:
7926:
7924:
7923:
7913:
7907:
7898:
7892:
7891:
7888:
7887:
7885:
7884:
7875:
7866:
7857:
7848:
7842:Beech marten (
7839:
7830:
7821:
7811:
7809:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7789:
7779:
7777:
7769:
7768:
7766:
7765:
7755:
7753:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7741:
7731:
7725:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7715:
7706:
7697:
7688:
7679:
7670:
7660:
7658:
7642:
7641:
7638:
7637:
7635:
7634:
7625:
7619:Asian badger (
7616:
7607:
7597:
7595:
7587:
7586:
7584:
7583:
7574:
7565:
7561:A. albogularis
7555:
7553:
7542:
7528:
7527:
7525:
7524:
7518:Honey badger (
7514:
7512:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7500:
7490:
7484:
7479:
7472:
7471:
7459:
7458:
7455:
7454:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7447:
7446:
7445:
7439:
7437:
7431:
7430:
7427:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7419:
7410:
7400:
7398:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7386:
7377:
7367:
7365:
7354:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7336:
7327:
7318:
7309:
7299:
7297:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7277:
7268:
7259:
7255:P. cancrivorus
7249:
7247:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7227:
7223:B. sumichrasti
7218:
7208:
7206:
7198:
7197:
7195:
7194:
7184:
7178:
7172:
7171:
7168:
7167:
7165:
7164:
7155:
7146:
7137:
7127:
7125:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7105:
7096:
7086:
7084:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7064:
7055:
7049:Hooded skunk (
7045:
7043:
7035:
7034:
7032:
7031:
7022:
7013:
7004:
6994:
6992:
6973:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6951:
6941:
6939:
6929:
6928:
6916:
6915:
6912:
6911:
6908:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6892:
6883:
6874:
6868:Weddell seal (
6865:
6859:Leopard seal (
6855:
6849:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6831:
6822:
6812:
6810:
6794:
6793:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6776:
6774:
6766:
6765:
6763:
6762:
6752:
6746:
6729:
6715:
6714:
6711:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6704:
6703:
6694:
6685:
6679:Caspian seal (
6675:
6673:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6661:
6652:
6646:Spotted seal (
6642:
6640:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6619:
6610:
6600:
6594:
6588:
6587:
6585:
6584:
6575:
6569:Bearded seal (
6565:
6559:
6542:
6538:or true seals)
6536:(earless seals
6526:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6518:
6509:
6500:
6491:
6482:
6473:
6464:
6455:
6445:
6443:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6414:
6404:
6402:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6390:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6360:
6350:
6348:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6336:
6326:
6320:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6310:
6300:
6298:
6287:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6248:
6246:
6236:
6235:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6212:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6199:
6198:
6192:
6190:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6179:
6178:
6172:
6170:
6154:
6148:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6127:
6118:
6109:
6099:
6097:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6085:
6076:
6066:
6060:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6050:
6040:
6038:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6022:A. melanoleuca
6016:
6014:
6003:
5988:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5964:
5955:
5946:
5940:Eastern wolf (
5937:
5928:
5922:African wolf (
5919:
5910:
5904:Domestic dog (
5901:
5891:
5889:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5868:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5842:
5832:
5830:
5819:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5790:
5784:Sechuran fox (
5781:
5777:L. gymnocercus
5772:
5763:
5757:Darwin's fox (
5754:
5744:
5742:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5721:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5694:
5692:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5670:
5664:
5649:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5620:
5611:
5602:
5593:
5584:
5575:
5566:
5557:
5548:
5539:
5530:
5526:V. bengalensis
5520:
5518:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5487:
5477:
5475:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5453:
5447:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5428:
5418:
5416:
5405:
5395:
5388:
5387:
5372:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5339:
5330:
5321:
5312:
5302:
5300:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5279:
5270:
5266:B. crassicauda
5260:
5258:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5237:
5228:
5219:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5193:
5184:
5175:
5166:
5157:
5148:
5139:
5130:
5120:
5118:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5097:
5087:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5058:
5049:
5040:
5030:
5028:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5007:
4997:
4995:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4957:
4947:
4945:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4906:
4904:
4893:
4884:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4845:
4835:
4833:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4800:G. grandidieri
4795:
4785:
4783:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4761:
4755:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4732:
4722:
4720:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4699:
4689:
4683:
4674:
4657:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4618:
4616:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4595:
4585:
4579:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4553:
4551:
4540:
4520:
4519:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4483:
4481:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4442:
4433:
4424:
4415:
4406:
4397:
4388:
4379:
4370:
4364:Letaba genet (
4361:
4352:
4346:Common genet (
4343:
4334:
4325:
4316:
4306:
4304:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4277:
4267:
4265:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4225:
4216:
4207:
4197:
4195:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4174:
4164:
4158:
4143:
4131:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4112:P. zeylonensis
4107:
4098:
4088:
4086:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4070:Paguma larvata
4065:
4056:
4047:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4012:
4003:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3973:
3968:
3961:
3960:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3883:
3874:
3865:
3856:
3847:
3841:Domestic cat (
3838:
3828:
3826:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3801:
3797:P. rubiginosus
3792:
3783:
3774:
3770:P. bengalensis
3764:
3762:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3744:Pallas's cat (
3740:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3710:
3708:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3669:
3667:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3637:
3631:Iberian lynx (
3628:
3619:
3609:
3607:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3586:
3577:
3568:
3559:
3550:
3541:
3532:
3522:
3520:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3495:
3485:
3483:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3432:
3422:
3420:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3398:
3396:
3385:
3376:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3342:
3333:
3324:
3315:
3309:Snow leopard (
3305:
3303:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3259:
3246:
3236:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3188:
3183:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3162:
3156:
3151:
3144:
3143:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3122:Laurasiatheria
3118:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3080:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3057:
3050:
3049:External links
3047:
3044:
3043:
3014:(3): 396–413.
2994:
2963:
2942:
2901:
2894:
2874:
2867:
2838:
2831:
2813:
2802:(3): 207–234.
2786:
2731:
2682:
2663:(2): 345–354.
2646:
2595:
2538:
2487:
2480:
2454:
2427:(5): 814–829.
2407:
2374:
2315:
2300:
2269:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2168:
2165:Animals portal
2154:
2151:Mammals portal
2138:
2135:
2125:
2122:
2112:
2109:
2036:
2033:
2028:
2025:
1943:dental formula
1911:Phoca vitulina
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1866:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1842:Phoca fasciata
1829:
1819:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1792:
1782:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1757:
1754:Phoca sibirica
1743:
1727:
1717:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1697:
1695:Phoca vitulina
1686:
1684:Linnaeus, 1758
1676:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1649:
1639:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1612:
1602:
1595:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1567:
1557:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1535:
1525:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1508:Crabeater seal
1503:
1493:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1471:
1461:
1454:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1433:
1422:
1412:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1385:
1374:
1364:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1342:
1332:
1325:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1241:elephant seals
1188:
1187:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:(eared seals)
1124:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1003:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
988:
983:
981:
977:
976:
973:
972:
968:
967:
964:
963:
956:
953:
952:
949:
948:
944:
943:
940:
939:
936:Crabeater seal
932:
929:
928:
925:
924:
920:
919:
916:
915:
908:
905:
904:
901:
900:
893:
888:
886:
881:
879:
874:
872:
866:
864:
859:
857:
851:
850:
847:
846:
842:
841:
838:
837:
833:
832:
829:
828:
824:
823:
820:
819:
815:
814:
811:
810:
803:
800:
799:
796:
795:
788:
783:
781:
778:
777:
774:
773:
769:
768:
765:
764:
757:
754:
753:
750:
749:
745:
744:
741:
740:
736:
735:
732:
731:
724:
721:
720:
717:
716:
709:
704:
702:
699:
698:
695:
694:
690:
689:
686:
685:
678:
675:
674:
671:
670:
666:
665:
662:
661:
654:
651:
650:
647:
646:
639:
634:
632:
627:
625:
620:
618:
613:
611:
606:
604:
600:
599:
596:
595:
588:
583:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
566:
561:
559:
551:
549:
541:
539:
531:
525:
522:
514:elephant seals
505:elephant seals
449:from the late
425:
422:
420:
417:
384:of the family
374:crawling seals
312:
311:
310:
309:
304:
299:
297:Devinophocinae
290:
289:
285:
284:
278:
269:
268:
262:
261:
249:
245:
244:
239:
235:
234:
229:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
158:
157:
155:Phoca vitulina
147:
146:
138:
137:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10519:
10508:
10505:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10489:
10487:
10470:
10465:
10461:
10457:
10452:
10448:
10444:
10438:
10434:
10429:
10425:
10421:
10416:
10412:
10408:
10403:
10399:
10395:
10389:
10385:
10380:
10376:
10372:
10367:
10363:
10359:
10354:
10350:
10346:
10341:
10337:
10333:
10328:
10324:
10320:
10315:
10311:
10307:
10302:
10298:
10294:
10289:
10285:
10281:
10276:
10272:
10268:
10263:
10259:
10255:
10250:
10246:
10242:
10237:
10233:
10229:
10224:
10220:
10216:
10210:
10206:
10201:
10197:
10193:
10188:
10184:
10179:
10173:
10169:
10164:
10158:
10154:
10153:
10151:
10149:
10145:
10141:
10136:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10111:
10108:
10101:
10097:
10088:
10062:
10061:
10057:
10055:
10054:
10050:
10048:
10047:
10043:
10041:
10040:
10033:
10031:
10030:
10026:
10024:
10023:
10022:Arctocephalus
10019:
10018:
10016:
10014:
10010:
10004:
10003:
9999:
9997:
9996:
9989:
9987:
9986:
9979:
9977:
9976:
9972:
9971:
9969:
9967:
9963:
9957:
9956:
9949:
9948:
9945:
9942:
9940:
9936:
9930:
9929:
9922:
9920:
9919:
9915:
9914:
9912:
9910:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9897:
9891:
9890:
9883:
9882:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9870:
9856:
9855:
9848:
9846:
9845:
9838:
9836:
9835:
9828:
9826:
9825:
9818:
9816:
9815:
9811:
9809:
9808:
9801:
9800:
9798:
9796:
9792:
9786:
9785:
9781:
9779:
9778:
9774:
9773:
9771:
9769:
9768:Dusignathinae
9762:
9759:
9757:
9753:
9747:
9746:
9739:
9737:
9736:
9729:
9727:
9726:
9719:
9717:
9716:
9715:Proneotherium
9709:
9707:
9706:
9699:
9697:
9696:
9689:
9687:
9686:
9679:
9677:
9676:
9669:
9667:
9666:
9659:
9657:
9656:
9649:
9647:
9646:
9639:
9637:
9636:
9629:
9628:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9616:
9610:
9609:
9605:
9603:
9602:
9598:
9596:
9595:
9591:
9589:
9588:
9584:
9583:
9581:
9579:
9572:
9568:
9564:
9559:
9555:
9546:
9542:
9540:
9533:
9499:
9498:
9497:
9496:
9494:
9492:
9488:
9484:
9470:
9469:
9465:
9463:
9462:
9455:
9453:
9452:
9445:
9443:
9442:
9438:
9436:
9435:
9431:
9429:
9428:
9421:
9419:
9418:
9414:
9412:
9411:
9407:
9405:
9404:
9397:
9395:
9394:
9387:
9386:
9384:
9382:
9378:
9372:
9371:
9364:
9362:
9361:
9354:
9352:
9351:
9347:
9346:
9344:
9342:
9338:
9332:
9331:
9324:
9322:
9321:
9317:
9316:
9314:
9312:
9308:
9302:
9301:
9300:Sarmatonectes
9294:
9292:
9291:
9284:
9282:
9281:
9274:
9272:
9271:
9264:
9262:
9261:
9254:
9252:
9251:
9244:
9242:
9241:
9234:
9232:
9231:
9224:
9222:
9221:
9214:
9213:
9210:
9207:
9204:
9199:
9189:
9188:
9187:Virginiaphoca
9181:
9179:
9178:
9171:
9169:
9168:
9161:
9159:
9158:
9154:
9152:
9151:
9147:
9145:
9144:
9143:Leptonychotes
9140:
9138:
9137:
9133:
9131:
9130:
9123:
9121:
9120:
9113:
9111:
9110:
9109:Australophoca
9103:
9101:
9100:
9093:
9092:
9090:
9088:
9084:
9078:
9077:
9073:
9071:
9070:
9063:
9062:
9060:
9058:
9054:
9048:
9047:
9040:
9038:
9037:
9030:
9028:
9027:
9020:
9018:
9017:
9010:
9008:
9007:
9000:
8998:
8997:
8990:
8988:
8987:
8980:
8978:
8977:
8973:
8971:
8970:
8966:
8964:
8963:
8956:
8954:
8953:
8946:
8944:
8943:
8936:
8935:
8933:
8931:
8927:
8921:
8920:
8913:
8912:
8909:
8906:
8903:
8898:
8892:
8891:
8884:
8883:
8880:
8877:
8874:
8869:
8866:
8863:
8858:
8852:
8851:
8844:
8842:
8841:
8840:Pinnarctidion
8834:
8832:
8831:
8830:Pacificotaria
8824:
8823:
8820:
8817:
8814:
8809:
8803:
8802:
8795:
8794:
8791:
8788:
8785:
8780:
8770:
8769:
8765:
8763:
8762:
8758:
8756:
8755:
8754:Potamotherium
8751:
8749:
8748:
8744:
8743:
8741:
8739:
8732:
8726:
8725:
8721:
8719:
8718:
8714:
8712:
8711:
8707:
8705:
8704:
8700:
8698:
8697:
8693:
8691:
8690:
8686:
8684:
8683:
8679:
8677:
8676:
8672:
8671:
8669:
8667:
8660:
8656:
8652:
8648:
8643:
8639:
8633:
8629:
8627:
8623:
8621:
8617:
8615:
8611:
8609:
8605:
8603:
8599:
8598:
8595:
8590:
8582:
8577:
8575:
8570:
8568:
8563:
8562:
8559:
8531:
8529:
8524:
8522:
8520:
8515:
8513:
8511:
8506:
8504:
8502:
8497:
8495:
8493:
8488:
8486:
8484:
8479:
8477:
8475:
8470:
8468:
8466:
8465:M. lutreolina
8461:
8459:
8457:
8452:
8450:
8448:
8443:
8441:
8439:
8434:
8432:
8430:
8425:
8423:
8421:
8416:
8414:
8412:
8407:
8405:
8403:
8398:
8396:
8394:
8389:
8387:
8385:
8380:
8379:
8377:
8367:
8366:
8361:
8355:
8353:
8348:
8346:
8344:
8339:
8337:
8335:
8330:
8328:
8326:
8321:
8320:
8318:
8316:
8315:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8301:
8291:
8289:
8284:
8282:
8280:
8275:
8273:
8271:
8266:
8265:
8263:
8261:
8260:
8255:
8249:
8247:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8237:
8236:
8231:
8225:
8223:
8218:
8216:
8214:
8209:
8208:
8206:
8204:
8203:
8198:
8192:
8190:
8185:
8184:
8181:
8175:
8173:
8168:
8167:
8165:
8163:
8162:
8157:
8151:
8149:
8144:
8142:
8140:
8135:
8133:
8131:
8126:
8124:
8122:
8121:L. canadensis
8117:
8116:
8114:
8112:
8111:
8106:
8100:
8098:
8095:Giant otter (
8093:
8092:
8089:
8086:
8076:
8072:
8058:
8056:
8051:
8049:
8047:
8042:
8041:
8039:
8037:
8036:
8031:
8025:
8023:
8018:
8017:
8014:
8008:
8006:
8001:
8000:
7998:
7996:
7995:
7990:
7987:
7977:
7973:
7963:
7961:
7956:
7954:
7952:
7947:
7946:
7944:
7934:
7933:
7928:
7922:
7920:
7915:
7914:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7893:
7883:
7881:
7876:
7874:
7872:
7867:
7865:
7863:
7858:
7856:
7854:
7853:M. gwatkinsii
7849:
7847:
7845:
7840:
7838:
7836:
7831:
7829:
7827:
7822:
7820:
7818:
7813:
7812:
7810:
7800:
7799:
7794:
7788:
7786:
7781:
7780:
7778:
7776:
7775:
7770:
7764:
7762:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7752:
7751:
7746:
7740:
7738:
7733:
7732:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7720:
7714:
7712:
7707:
7705:
7703:
7698:
7696:
7694:
7693:M. orientalis
7689:
7687:
7685:
7680:
7678:
7676:
7671:
7669:
7667:
7662:
7661:
7659:
7649:
7648:
7643:
7633:
7631:
7626:
7624:
7622:
7617:
7615:
7613:
7608:
7606:
7604:
7599:
7598:
7596:
7594:
7593:
7588:
7582:
7580:
7575:
7573:
7571:
7566:
7564:
7562:
7557:
7556:
7554:
7552:
7551:
7546:
7543:
7533:
7529:
7523:
7521:
7516:
7515:
7513:
7511:
7510:
7505:
7499:
7497:
7496:Taxidea taxus
7492:
7491:
7488:
7485:
7482:
7477:
7473:
7469:
7464:
7460:
7443:
7442:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7436:
7432:
7418:
7416:
7411:
7409:
7407:
7406:N. meridensis
7402:
7401:
7399:
7397:
7396:
7391:
7385:
7383:
7378:
7376:
7374:
7369:
7368:
7366:
7364:
7363:
7358:
7355:
7345:
7341:
7335:
7333:
7328:
7326:
7324:
7319:
7317:
7315:
7310:
7308:
7306:
7301:
7300:
7298:
7288:
7287:
7282:
7276:
7274:
7269:
7267:
7265:
7260:
7258:
7256:
7251:
7250:
7248:
7238:
7237:
7232:
7226:
7224:
7219:
7217:
7215:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7205:
7204:
7199:
7193:
7191:
7186:
7185:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7173:
7163:
7161:
7156:
7154:
7152:
7147:
7145:
7143:
7138:
7136:
7134:
7129:
7128:
7126:
7116:
7115:
7110:
7104:
7102:
7097:
7095:
7093:
7092:M. javanensis
7088:
7087:
7085:
7075:
7074:
7069:
7063:
7061:
7056:
7054:
7052:
7047:
7046:
7044:
7042:
7041:
7036:
7030:
7028:
7023:
7021:
7019:
7018:C. leuconotus
7014:
7012:
7010:
7009:C. humboldtii
7005:
7003:
7001:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6983:
6982:
6977:
6974:
6968:
6960:
6956:
6950:
6948:
6943:
6942:
6940:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6921:
6917:
6891:
6889:
6884:
6882:
6880:
6875:
6873:
6871:
6866:
6864:
6862:
6857:
6856:
6853:
6850:
6840:
6836:
6830:
6828:
6823:
6821:
6819:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6801:
6800:
6795:
6785:
6783:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6767:
6761:
6759:
6754:
6753:
6750:
6747:
6737:
6733:
6730:
6720:
6716:
6702:
6700:
6697:Baikal seal (
6695:
6693:
6691:
6688:Ringed seal (
6686:
6684:
6682:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6672:
6671:
6666:
6660:
6658:
6655:Harbor seal (
6653:
6651:
6649:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6639:
6638:
6633:
6627:
6625:
6620:
6618:
6616:
6613:Ribbon seal (
6611:
6609:
6607:
6602:
6601:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6589:
6583:
6581:
6578:Hooded seal (
6576:
6574:
6572:
6567:
6566:
6563:
6560:
6550:
6546:
6543:
6531:
6527:
6517:
6515:
6514:A. tropicalis
6510:
6508:
6506:
6501:
6499:
6497:
6492:
6490:
6488:
6483:
6481:
6479:
6474:
6472:
6470:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6456:
6454:
6452:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6442:
6441:
6440:Arctocephalus
6436:
6430:
6428:
6423:
6422:
6419:
6413:
6411:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6395:
6389:
6387:
6382:
6381:
6378:
6368:
6366:
6365:Z. wollebaeki
6361:
6359:
6357:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6347:
6346:
6341:
6335:
6333:
6328:
6327:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6315:
6309:
6307:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6297:
6296:
6291:
6288:
6282:
6277:
6273:(eared seals:
6268:
6263:
6257:
6255:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6225:
6221:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6189:
6185:
6176:
6175:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6162:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6149:
6135:
6133:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6119:
6117:
6115:
6114:U. thibetanus
6110:
6108:
6106:
6105:U. americanus
6101:
6100:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6090:
6084:
6082:
6077:
6075:
6073:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6055:
6049:
6047:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6031:
6025:
6023:
6020:Giant panda (
6018:
6017:
6015:
6013:
6012:
6007:
6004:
5996:
5992:
5989:
5986:
5981:
5963:
5961:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5938:
5936:
5934:
5929:
5927:
5925:
5920:
5918:
5916:
5911:
5909:
5907:
5906:C. familiaris
5902:
5900:
5898:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5882:
5876:
5874:
5869:
5867:
5865:
5864:Lycaon pictus
5860:
5859:
5856:
5850:
5848:
5843:
5841:
5839:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5823:
5820:
5812:
5808:
5798:
5796:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5764:
5762:
5760:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5740:
5735:
5729:
5727:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5703:
5701:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5690:
5685:
5679:
5677:
5672:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5657:
5653:
5650:
5642:
5638:
5628:
5626:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5594:
5592:
5590:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5560:Tibetan fox (
5558:
5556:
5554:
5549:
5547:
5545:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5514:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5495:
5493:
5492:N. viverrinus
5488:
5486:
5484:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5462:
5460:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5442:
5436:
5434:
5433:U. littoralis
5429:
5427:
5425:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5406:
5398:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5377:
5373:
5347:
5345:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5308:H. flavescens
5304:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5293:
5287:
5285:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5245:
5243:
5238:
5236:
5234:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5201:
5199:
5198:U. vitticolla
5194:
5192:
5190:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5111:
5105:
5103:
5102:Xenogale naso
5098:
5096:
5094:
5089:
5088:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5066:
5064:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5027:
5026:
5021:
5015:
5013:
5008:
5006:
5004:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4982:
4980:
4975:
4974:
4971:
4965:
4963:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4932:
4930:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4915:
4913:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4888:
4885:
4876:
4875:sensu stricto
4871:
4867:
4853:
4851:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4820:
4818:
4813:
4812:
4809:
4803:
4801:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4770:
4768:
4763:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4740:
4738:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4707:
4705:
4704:Fossa fossana
4700:
4698:
4696:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4675:
4665:
4661:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4645:
4627:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4603:
4601:
4598:Brown hyena (
4596:
4594:
4592:
4591:Hyaena hyaena
4587:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4572:
4568:
4562:
4560:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4541:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4512:
4508:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4450:
4448:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4418:Hausa genet (
4416:
4414:
4412:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4321:G. angolensis
4317:
4315:
4313:
4312:G. abyssinica
4308:
4307:
4305:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4285:
4283:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4233:
4231:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4221:V. tangalunga
4217:
4215:
4213:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4180:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4155:sensu stricto
4151:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4135:
4129:
4125:
4115:
4113:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4073:
4071:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4029:Paradoxurinae
4026:
4020:
4018:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3997:Otter civet (
3995:
3993:
3991:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3953:
3949:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3891:
3889:
3888:F. silvestris
3884:
3882:
3880:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3809:
3807:
3806:P. viverrinus
3804:Fishing cat (
3802:
3800:
3798:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3779:P. javanensis
3775:
3773:
3771:
3768:Leopard cat (
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3729:
3719:
3717:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3678:
3676:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3615:L. canadensis
3613:Canada lynx (
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3594:
3592:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3437:C. temminckii
3433:
3431:
3429:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3402:Marbled cat (
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3372:sensu stricto
3369:
3364:
3350:
3348:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3221:P. pardicolor
3217:
3215:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3086:
3078:
3073:
3071:
3066:
3064:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2952:
2946:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2897:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2864:
2860:
2855:
2854:
2845:
2843:
2834:
2832:9780816057177
2828:
2824:
2817:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2796:Mammal Review
2790:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2747:(409): 1–33.
2746:
2742:
2735:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2650:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2491:
2483:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2414:
2412:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2319:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2286:Wilson, D. E.
2283:
2279:
2273:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2232:(5): 171669.
2231:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2141:
2134:
2132:
2121:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2079:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2041:
2032:
2027:Communication
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2013:penile sheath
2010:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1864:Nilsson, 1820
1862:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1769:
1768:Phoca caspica
1765:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1750:Pusa sibirica
1747:
1744:
1741:
1740:Phoca hispida
1737:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1725:Scopoli, 1771
1723:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1667:Tribe Phocini
1664:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1610:Nilsson, 1820
1608:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1561:Leptonychotes
1558:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1340:Fleming, 1822
1338:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1287:Extant genera
1284:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1217:Leptonychotes
1213:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1103:
1102:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
994:
993:
987:
986:
979:
978:
975:
974:
966:
965:
962:
961:
955:
954:
951:
950:
942:
941:
938:
937:
931:
930:
927:
926:
918:
917:
914:
913:
907:
906:
903:
902:
899:
898:
892:
891:
885:
884:
878:
877:
870:
869:
863:
862:
856:
853:
852:
849:
848:
840:
839:
831:
830:
822:
821:
813:
812:
809:
808:
802:
801:
798:
797:
794:
793:
787:
786:
780:
779:
776:
775:
767:
766:
763:
762:
756:
755:
752:
751:
743:
742:
734:
733:
730:
729:
723:
722:
719:
718:
715:
714:
708:
707:
701:
700:
697:
696:
688:
687:
684:
683:
677:
676:
673:
672:
664:
663:
660:
659:
653:
652:
649:
648:
645:
644:
638:
637:
631:
630:
624:
623:
617:
616:
610:
609:
602:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
587:
586:
580:
579:
576:
575:
572:
571:
565:
564:
558:
555:
554:
548:
545:
544:
538:
535:
534:
530:
529:
521:
519:
515:
511:
506:
502:
498:
496:
492:
488:
487:
482:
481:
480:Potamotherium
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
446:
437:
436:
430:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
369:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:earless seals
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
294:
293:
291:
286:
281:
276:
275:
270:
267:
263:
258:
253:
250:
247:
246:
243:
240:
238:Superfamily:
237:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
223:
220:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
168:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
139:
133:
129:
125:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
50:Earless seals
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
10147:
10058:
10051:
10044:
10037:
10027:
10020:
10000:
9995:Proterozetes
9993:
9985:Oriensarctos
9983:
9973:
9955:Thalassoleon
9953:
9928:Pithanotaria
9926:
9916:
9887:
9873:Panotariidae
9852:
9844:Protodobenus
9842:
9832:
9822:
9812:
9805:
9782:
9775:
9743:
9733:
9723:
9713:
9703:
9695:Pelagiarctos
9693:
9683:
9673:
9663:
9653:
9643:
9633:
9606:
9601:Desmatophoca
9599:
9592:
9585:
9536:
9466:
9459:
9449:
9439:
9432:
9425:
9417:Histriophoca
9415:
9408:
9401:
9391:
9368:
9358:
9348:
9341:Cystophorini
9328:
9318:
9298:
9288:
9278:
9268:
9258:
9248:
9238:
9228:
9218:
9185:
9175:
9165:
9155:
9148:
9141:
9134:
9127:
9117:
9107:
9097:
9074:
9067:
9044:
9034:
9024:
9014:
9006:Palmidophoca
9004:
8994:
8984:
8974:
8967:
8960:
8950:
8940:
8919:Magnotherium
8917:
8888:
8872:
8850:Pteronarctos
8848:
8838:
8828:
8799:
8766:
8759:
8752:
8745:
8738:Semantoridae
8722:
8715:
8710:Pachycynodon
8708:
8701:
8694:
8689:Amphicynodon
8687:
8682:Amphicticeps
8680:
8673:
8630:Infraorder:
8527:
8518:
8509:
8500:
8491:
8482:
8473:
8464:
8455:
8446:
8437:
8428:
8419:
8410:
8401:
8392:
8383:
8363:
8351:
8342:
8333:
8324:
8312:
8287:
8278:
8269:
8257:
8245:
8233:
8222:L. sumatrana
8221:
8212:
8200:
8188:
8171:
8159:
8147:
8138:
8129:
8120:
8108:
8096:
8054:
8045:
8033:
8021:
8005:V. peregusna
8004:
7992:
7959:
7950:
7930:
7918:
7905:Lyncodontini
7896:Ictonychinae
7880:M. zibellina
7879:
7870:
7861:
7852:
7843:
7835:M. flavigula
7834:
7825:
7817:M. americana
7816:
7796:
7784:
7772:
7760:
7748:
7737:Eira barbara
7736:
7710:
7702:M. personata
7701:
7692:
7683:
7674:
7665:
7645:
7629:
7620:
7612:M. canescens
7611:
7602:
7590:
7578:
7569:
7560:
7548:
7519:
7507:
7495:
7414:
7405:
7393:
7381:
7372:
7360:
7331:
7322:
7313:
7304:
7284:
7272:
7263:
7254:
7234:
7222:
7221:Cacomistle (
7213:
7201:
7190:Potos flavus
7189:
7159:
7150:
7141:
7132:
7112:
7100:
7091:
7071:
7059:
7050:
7038:
7026:
7017:
7008:
6999:
6979:
6946:
6887:
6878:
6869:
6860:
6826:
6817:
6797:
6781:
6769:
6757:
6742:(monk seals)
6698:
6689:
6680:
6668:
6656:
6647:
6635:
6623:
6614:
6605:
6579:
6570:
6529:
6513:
6505:A. townsendi
6504:
6495:
6487:A. philippii
6486:
6477:
6468:
6459:
6451:A. australis
6450:
6438:
6426:
6409:
6397:
6385:
6364:
6355:
6343:
6331:
6305:
6293:
6253:
6132:U. maritimus
6131:
6130:Polar bear (
6122:
6121:Brown bear (
6113:
6104:
6092:
6080:
6071:
6070:Sloth bear (
6045:
6033:
6021:
6009:
5959:
5950:
5941:
5932:
5923:
5914:
5905:
5896:
5884:
5873:Cuon alpinus
5872:
5863:
5847:L. mesomelas
5846:
5837:
5825:
5794:
5785:
5776:
5775:Pampas fox (
5767:
5758:
5749:
5737:
5725:
5716:
5700:S. venaticus
5699:
5687:
5675:
5674:Maned wolf (
5656:Cerdocyonina
5624:
5623:Fennec fox (
5615:
5606:
5598:V. rueppelli
5597:
5588:
5579:
5570:
5569:Arctic fox (
5562:V. ferrilata
5561:
5552:
5551:Corsac fox (
5543:
5534:
5525:
5524:Bengal fox (
5503:
5491:
5482:
5470:
5458:
5432:
5431:Island fox (
5423:
5411:
5344:H. sanguinea
5343:
5334:
5325:
5317:H. ichneumon
5316:
5307:
5295:
5283:
5274:
5265:
5253:
5241:
5232:
5223:
5214:
5197:
5188:
5179:
5170:
5161:
5152:
5144:U. edwardsii
5143:
5135:U. brachyura
5134:
5125:
5113:
5101:
5092:
5062:
5053:
5044:
5036:C. alexandri
5035:
5023:
5011:
5002:
4990:
4978:
4961:
4953:M. gambianus
4952:
4940:
4928:
4912:S. suricatta
4911:
4899:
4874:
4849:
4840:
4828:
4816:
4799:
4790:
4778:
4766:
4736:
4727:
4715:
4703:
4694:
4671:carnivorans)
4652:
4623:
4611:
4599:
4590:
4558:
4546:
4516:Herpestoidea
4479:Herpestoidea
4446:
4438:G. victoriae
4437:
4428:
4427:Cape genet (
4419:
4411:G. servalina
4410:
4401:
4400:King genet (
4393:G. piscivora
4392:
4383:
4374:
4365:
4357:G. johnstoni
4356:
4347:
4338:
4329:
4320:
4311:
4293:
4282:P. leightoni
4281:
4272:
4254:
4229:
4220:
4212:V. megaspila
4211:
4203:V. civettina
4202:
4190:
4178:
4169:
4154:
4138:
4111:
4102:
4093:
4081:
4069:
4060:
4051:
4042:
4016:
4007:
3998:
3989:
3887:
3878:
3870:F. margarita
3869:
3860:
3851:
3850:Jungle cat (
3842:
3833:
3821:
3805:
3796:
3788:P. planiceps
3787:
3778:
3769:
3759:Prionailurus
3757:
3745:
3715:
3703:
3691:
3690:Jaguarundi (
3674:
3662:
3641:
3632:
3623:
3614:
3602:
3590:
3581:
3572:
3563:
3554:
3545:
3537:L. geoffroyi
3536:
3527:
3526:Pampas cat (
3515:
3499:
3490:
3478:
3466:
3436:
3427:
3415:
3404:P. marmorata
3403:
3391:
3371:
3346:
3337:
3328:
3319:
3310:
3298:
3286:
3277:
3265:
3220:
3211:
3194:
3167:
3120:Superorder:
3114:Infraclass:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2983:(1): 21–33.
2980:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2954:. Retrieved
2945:
2918:
2914:
2904:
2884:
2877:
2852:
2822:
2816:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2744:
2734:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2611:(1): 78–85.
2608:
2604:
2598:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2504:
2500:
2490:
2465:
2457:
2424:
2420:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2326:
2318:
2290:
2272:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2130:
2127:
2114:
2097:
2082:
2074:
2035:Reproduction
2030:
1998:
1983:
1957:
1916:
1910:
1874:
1858:
1841:
1837:
1823:Histriophoca
1821:
1804:
1800:
1784:
1767:
1764:Pusa caspica
1763:
1760:Caspian seal
1753:
1749:
1739:
1736:Pusa hispida
1735:
1719:
1704:Phoca largha
1703:
1700:Spotted seal
1694:
1678:
1666:
1657:
1654:Bearded seal
1641:
1629:
1620:
1604:
1592:
1584:
1575:
1572:Weddell seal
1559:
1543:
1540:Leopard seal
1533:Gistel, 1848
1527:
1511:
1495:
1479:
1463:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1414:
1402:
1392:
1382:
1366:
1350:
1334:
1319:
1311:
1282:
1277:
1267:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1194:phylogenetic
1191:
1142:
1126:
1077:
1062:
1047:
1005:
990:
958:
934:
912:Leopard seal
910:
897:Weddell seal
895:
871:Lobodontini
805:
790:
759:
726:
713:Spotted seal
711:
682:Caspian seal
680:
656:
641:
590:
570:Bearded seal
568:
546:
499:
484:
478:
453:or earliest
443:
441:
433:
373:
337:
325:
321:
317:
315:
288:Subfamilies
272:
251:
241:
225:
154:
44:
10314:iNaturalist
10172:Wikispecies
9918:Callorhinus
9909:Callorhinae
9784:Gomphotaria
9777:Dusignathus
9745:Titanotaria
9735:Pseudotaria
9665:Nanodobenus
9410:Halichoerus
9311:Erignathini
9270:Monotherium
9260:Monachopsis
9220:Cryptophoca
9157:Ommatophoca
9087:Lobodontini
9046:Terranectes
9036:Pristiphoca
8976:Neomonachus
8952:Auroraphoca
8890:Devinophoca
8801:Enaliarctos
8519:M. sibirica
8501:M. putorius
8474:M. nigripes
8456:M. lutreola
8429:M. haidarum
8325:N. africana
8288:A. congicus
8279:A. cinereus
8270:A. capensis
8170:Sea otter (
8148:L. provocax
8055:I. striatus
7976:Ictonychini
7871:M. melampus
7783:Wolverine (
7761:P. pennanti
7684:M. moschata
7675:M. everetti
7621:M. leucurus
7579:A. hoevenii
7570:A. collaris
7520:M. capensis
7415:N. olivacea
7330:Olinguito (
7286:Bassaricyon
7273:P. pygmaeus
7203:Bassariscus
7176:Procyonidae
7151:S. putorius
7142:S. gracilis
7060:M. mephitis
7051:M. macroura
6945:Red panda (
6925:Musteloidea
6886:Ross seal (
6839:Lobodontini
6771:Neomonachus
6699:P. sibirica
6657:P. vitulina
6622:Grey seal (
6604:Harp seal (
6496:A. pusillus
6460:A. forsteri
6295:Callorhinus
6229:Pinnipedia
6188:Musteloidea
5960:C. simensis
5924:C. lupaster
5793:Hoary fox (
5786:L. sechurae
5759:L. fulvipes
5750:L. culpaeus
5646:(true dogs)
5605:Swift fox (
5580:V. macrotis
5472:Nyctereutes
5381:Caniformia
5326:H. ochracea
5284:B. nigripes
5275:B. jacksoni
5162:U. javanica
5079:Herpestinae
5054:C. obscurus
5045:C. ansorgei
5025:Crossarchus
4881:(mongooses)
4870:Herpestidae
4850:S. durrelli
4841:S. concolor
4791:G. fasciata
4728:E. goudotii
4649:Herpestidae
4559:P. cristata
4420:G. thierryi
4375:G. maculata
4339:G. cristata
4330:G. bourloni
4083:Paradoxurus
4041:Binturong (
3980:Hemigalinae
3957:Viverroidea
3920:Viverroidea
3879:F. nigripes
3731:Leopard cat
3716:P. concolor
3633:L. pardinus
3582:L. tigrinus
3573:L. pardalis
3564:L. jacobita
3555:L. guttulus
3528:L. colocola
3287:N. nebulosa
3257:Pantherinae
3137:Feliformia
2956:22 December
2220:Monotherium
2105:hooded seal
2065:ringed seal
2053:Lake Saimaa
2007:, internal
1980:Seal kidney
1952:1–2.1.4.0–2
1949:2–3.1.4.0–2
1919:ringed seal
1907:Harbor seal
1860:Halichoerus
1834:Ribbon seal
1746:Baikal seal
1732:Ringed seal
1691:Harbor seal
1617:Hooded seal
1465:Ommatophoca
1451:Lobodontini
1368:Neomonachus
1269:Cystophora)
1256:Neomonachus
1237:Lobodontini
1229:Ommatophoca
980:Miroungini
792:Ribbon seal
728:Harbor seal
658:Baikal seal
643:Ringed seal
592:Hooded seal
486:Enaliarctos
409:Baikal seal
151:Harbor seal
40:Phocoenidae
10486:Categories
10060:Phocarctos
10039:Hydrarctos
10029:Arctophoca
9975:Eumetopias
9854:Valenictus
9795:Odobeninae
9756:Neodobenia
9725:Prototaria
9685:Osodobenus
9675:Neotherium
9645:Imagotaria
9619:Odobenidae
9594:Atopotarus
9587:Allodesmus
9563:Otarioidea
9500:see below↓
9491:Otarioidea
9434:Pagophilus
9393:Batavipusa
9370:Pachyphoca
9350:Cystophora
9330:Platyphoca
9320:Erignathus
9280:Phocanella
9250:Leptophoca
9230:Frisiphoca
9167:Piscophoca
9119:Hadrokirus
9069:Callophoca
9057:Miroungini
9026:Pontophoca
8986:Eomonachus
8962:Messiphoca
8902:Monachinae
8862:Pinnipedia
8747:Necromites
8703:Kolponomos
8626:Caniformia
8624:Suborder:
8587:Genera of
8492:M. nudipes
8483:M. nivalis
8447:M. kathiah
8402:M. erminea
8393:M. altaica
8343:N. frenata
8334:N. felipei
8304:Mustelinae
8046:I. libycus
7960:G. vittata
7826:M. caurina
7603:M. anakuma
7481:Mustelidae
7468:Mustelidae
7444:see below↓
7435:Mustelidae
7332:B. neblina
7243:(raccoons)
7214:B. astutus
7212:Ringtail (
7188:Kinkajou (
7160:S. pygmaea
7101:M. marchei
6959:Mephitidae
6827:M. leonina
6719:Monachinae
6690:P. hispida
6681:P. caspica
6478:A. gazella
6410:N. cinerea
6306:C. ursinus
6244:Odobenidae
6197:see below↓
6177:see below↓
6161:Pinnipedia
6079:Sun bear (
6046:T. ornatus
6035:Tremarctos
6011:Ailuropoda
5949:Red wolf (
5915:C. latrans
5838:L. adustus
5795:L. vetulus
5768:L. griseus
5698:Bush dog (
5589:V. pallida
5587:Pale fox (
5571:V. lagopus
5542:Cape fox (
5422:Gray fox (
5180:U. smithii
5012:H. parvula
5003:H. hirtula
4891:Mungotinae
4780:Galidictis
4753:Galidiinae
4681:Euplerinae
4664:Eupleridae
4653:sensu lato
4624:C. crocuta
4557:Aardwolf (
4488:see below↓
4429:G. tigrina
4402:G. poensis
4384:G. pardina
4366:G. letabae
4348:G. genetta
4246:Genettinae
4230:V. zibetha
4150:Viverrinae
4139:sensu lato
4134:Viverrinae
4103:P. jerdoni
3970:Viverridae
3929:see below↓
3868:Sand cat (
3675:A. jubatus
3500:C. caracal
3393:Pardofelis
3212:P. linsang
3153:Feliformia
2921:: 555509.
2331:Leptophoca
2198:References
2187:Eared seal
2069:endangered
1994:middle ear
1840:(formerly
1827:Gill, 1873
1803:(formerly
1790:Gray, 1844
1786:Pagophilus
1766:(formerly
1752:(formerly
1738:(formerly
1647:Gill, 1866
1643:Erignathus
1606:Cystophora
1585:Subfamily
1565:Gill, 1872
1501:Gray, 1844
1469:Gray, 1844
1420:Gray, 1827
1314:Monachinae
1312:Subfamily
1262:Erignathus
1245:Monk seals
1144:Odobenidae
1037:Monachini
855:Monachinae
537:Pinnipedia
510:monk seals
501:Monk seals
459:Aquitanian
397:monk seals
334:Pinnipedia
326:true seals
302:Monachinae
266:Type genus
232:Pinnipedia
10497:Pinnipeds
9966:Zalophini
9939:Otariinae
9900:Otariidae
9834:Pliopedia
9824:Ontocetus
9451:Planopusa
9427:Nanophoca
9129:Homiphoca
9099:Acrophoca
9016:Pliophoca
8996:Noriphoca
8942:Afrophoca
8930:Monachini
8724:Wangictis
8696:Drassonax
8632:Arctoidea
8620:Carnivora
8600:Kingdom:
8589:pinnipeds
8438:M. itatsi
8372:(weasels)
8235:Lutrogale
8172:E. lutris
8130:L. felina
7939:(grisons)
7862:M. martes
7805:(martens)
7723:Guloninae
7509:Mellivora
7382:N. narica
7323:B. medius
7314:B. gabbii
7305:B. alleni
7293:(olingos)
7262:Raccoon (
7114:Spilogale
7000:C. chinga
6981:Conepatus
6937:Ailuridae
6736:Monachini
6648:P. largha
6318:Otariinae
6281:sea lions
6276:fur seals
6267:Otariidae
6152:Mustelida
6123:U. arctos
5985:Arctoidea
5942:C. lycaon
5897:C. aureus
5827:Lupulella
5739:Lycalopex
5616:V. vulpes
5614:Red fox (
5578:Kit fox (
5553:V. corsac
5297:Herpestes
4910:Meerkat (
4669:(Malagasy
4571:Hyaeninae
4532:Hyaenidae
4447:G. felina
3861:F. lybica
3673:Cheetah (
3591:L. wiedii
3580:Oncilla (
3546:L. guigna
3517:Leopardus
3498:Caracal (
3491:C. aurata
3426:Bay cat (
3347:P. pardus
3345:Leopard (
3320:P. tigris
3278:N. diardi
3196:Prionodon
3096:Kingdom:
3085:Carnivora
2937:2296-701X
2590:135439365
2582:0084-6597
2343:: e3024.
2101:monk seal
2089:lactating
2009:testicles
1990:the bends
1961:upwelling
1931:Carnivora
1927:Carnivora
1871:Grey seal
1797:Harp seal
1476:Ross seal
1322:Monachini
1294:Subfamily
1206:Antarctic
1198:monophyly
1184:Cladogram
1128:Otariidae
960:Ross seal
807:Harp seal
761:Grey seal
491:mustelids
471:odobenids
451:Oligocene
445:Noriphoca
435:Pliophoca
424:Evolution
405:temperate
386:Otariidae
382:sea lions
378:fur seals
242:Phocoidea
219:Carnivora
185:Kingdom:
179:Eukaryota
132:Oligocene
36:Pholcidae
10358:14001028
10212:BioLib:
10205:Phocidae
10192:Phocidae
10178:Phocidae
10157:Wikidata
10148:Phocidae
10046:Neophoca
10013:Otariini
10002:Zalophus
9814:Odobenus
9705:Pontolis
9608:Eodesmus
9461:Praepusa
9403:Gryphoca
9360:Miophoca
9290:Prophoca
9203:Phocinae
9136:Hydrurga
9076:Mirounga
8969:Monachus
8873:Phocidae
8768:Semantor
8717:Parictis
8675:Allocyon
8614:Mammalia
8608:Chordata
8606:Phylum:
8602:Animalia
8418:Ferret (
8352:N. vison
8213:L. lutra
8081:(otters)
8075:Lutrinae
7932:Galictis
7844:M. foina
7759:Fisher (
7647:Melogale
7630:M. meles
7550:Arctonyx
7395:Nasuella
7373:N. nasua
7350:(coatis)
7264:P. lotor
7040:Mephitis
6799:Mirounga
6549:Phocinae
6530:Phocidae
6399:Neophoca
6345:Zalophus
6252:Walrus (
5951:C. rufus
5933:C. lupus
5913:Coyote (
5748:Culpeo (
5689:Speothos
5625:V. zerda
5607:V. velox
5544:V. chama
5255:Bdeogale
5153:U. fusca
4992:Helogale
4962:M. mungo
4901:Suricata
4830:Salanoia
4737:E. major
4717:Eupleres
4548:Proteles
4537:(hyenas)
4301:(genets)
3852:F. chaus
3843:F. catus
3834:F. bieti
3714:Cougar (
3664:Acinonyx
3642:L. rufus
3640:Bobcat (
3589:Margay (
3571:Ocelot (
3544:Kodkod (
3465:Serval (
3428:C. badia
3417:Catopuma
3327:Jaguar (
3311:P. uncia
3300:Panthera
3267:Neofelis
3185:Feloidea
3116:Eutheria
3110:Mammalia
3104:Chordata
3102:Phylum:
3098:Animalia
3038:26646351
2781:24899841
2726:19939841
2677:16815048
2533:33171079
2449:59436229
2369:28243538
2327:Prophoca
2310:62265494
2280:(2005).
2264:29892365
2137:See also
2117:calories
2078:otariids
1587:Phocinae
1529:Hydrurga
1416:Mirounga
1336:Monachus
1306:species
1250:Monachus
1211:Hydrurga
1202:Phocinae
603:Phocini
557:Phocinae
547:Phocidae
524:Taxonomy
467:otariids
394:tropical
338:Phocidae
307:Phocinae
280:Linnaeus
252:Phocidae
248:Family:
209:Mammalia
199:Chordata
195:Phylum:
189:Animalia
175:Domain:
128:Holocene
32:Phocides
18:Phocidae
10464:ZooBank
9889:Eotaria
9807:Aivukus
9381:Phocini
9150:Lobodon
8761:Puijila
8618:Order:
8612:Class:
8420:M. furo
8365:Mustela
8314:Neogale
8161:Enhydra
8035:Ictonyx
7994:Vormela
7951:G. cuja
7878:Sable (
7785:G. gulo
7750:Pekania
7735:Tayra (
7532:Melinae
7344:Nasuina
7236:Procyon
6592:Phocini
6231:(seals)
6166:(seals)
6058:Ursinae
6000:(bears)
5995:Ursidae
5871:Dhole (
5661:(zorro)
5535:V. cana
5445:Vulpini
5413:Urocyon
5397:Canidae
5189:U. urva
4693:Fossa (
4613:Crocuta
4295:Genetta
4192:Viverra
3733:lineage
3655:lineage
3624:L. lynx
3480:Caracal
3454:lineage
3452:Caracal
3384:lineage
3382:Bay cat
3368:Felinae
3329:P. onca
3318:Tiger (
3238:Felidae
3108:Class:
3087:species
3083:Extant
3029:5341551
2859:270–275
2772:4042687
2749:Bibcode
2745:ZooKeys
2717:2842760
2641:7537924
2633:7714914
2613:Bibcode
2560:Bibcode
2524:7735288
2429:Bibcode
2360:5322758
2255:5990722
2234:Bibcode
2057:Finland
2017:blubber
2005:nipples
2001:aquatic
1971:muscles
1935:canines
1909:skull (
1885:Biology
1497:Lobodon
1274:Phocini
1223:Lobodon
1208:genera
455:Miocene
447:gaudini
432:Fossil
330:mammals
322:phocids
215:Order:
205:Class:
124:Miocene
10456:136976
10443:105704
10440:uBio:
10407:749626
10391:NZOR:
10345:180640
10332:104711
10267:1PJOCF
10163:Q25587
10053:Otaria
8110:Lontra
7798:Martes
7073:Mydaus
6967:skunks
5931:Wolf (
5811:Canina
5641:Canini
5505:Vulpes
5401:(dogs)
4942:Mungos
4256:Poiana
3338:P. leo
3336:Lion (
3242:(cats)
3036:
3026:
2935:
2892:
2865:
2829:
2779:
2769:
2724:
2714:
2675:
2639:
2631:
2588:
2580:
2531:
2521:
2478:
2447:
2367:
2357:
2308:
2298:
2262:
2252:
2087:while
1992:. The
1966:pelvis
1939:molars
1449:Tribe
1320:Tribe
1272:, and
1243:. The
1226:, and
1148:Walrus
516:, and
390:oceans
282:, 1758
259:, 1821
134:record
122:Early
10451:WoRMS
10428:Plazi
10420:41186
10327:IRMNG
10319:41687
10280:12638
10241:625XL
10104:Lists
9441:Phoca
9240:Kawas
8259:Aonyx
8202:Lutra
7592:Meles
7362:Nasua
6637:Phoca
6094:Ursus
5886:Canis
5513:foxes
3823:Felis
2637:S2CID
2586:S2CID
2472:94–95
2445:S2CID
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