156:
431:
303:. It was divided into two chapters – scientific-mathematic and literary. The members of the latter discussed literary works, and the organization aims were self-educational and didactic; however, around 1819-1820, the members became split on whether the organizations should concentrate on self-education (Jeżowski) or take a more active role in restoring Poland's independence (Mickiewicz), eventually the second faction gained dominance and new social and political goals emerged.
128:
398:," "Lovers of Virtue), (1834) a secret organization created by Zan within the Philomaths after the dissolution of the Radiants. It continued the traditions of the Radiants, but with a much clearer pro-independence goal, and was dedicated to the study of Polish and Lithuania patriotic literature. It was disbanded in 1823 after the arrests of the Philomaths.
405:
described the spirit prevailing in the
Philomaths and the Filaret Association as: "purely national, patriotic, Polish – but free from plots and conspiracies, free of demagogic rants". According to Theodore R. Weeks, both organizations advocated a love for Polish culture and patriotism, but shied away
413:. After a trial that lasted several months, in 1824, 108 people were convicted of membership in this or related organizations; 20 members of the Philomaths or related organizations were sentenced to imprisonment or
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was studied, pro-independence works written and circulated. The organizations inspired the creation of many similar youth organizations across the former
685:
274:
461:, convicted of being a Philomath member and exiled into Russia, later described his experiences in that period in the third part of a major work,
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371:" the "Radiant Ones"), (1820) a legal organization created by Tomasz Zan, and disbanded under pressure from University authorities, in May 1820;
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In 1822 the organizations went through some name changes. In 1823 the organization was discovered by
Russian authorities led by
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from developing any concrete political program and their members generally declared loyalty to the
Russian ruler.
488:
498:
199:
49:
227:
198:φιλομαθεῖς "lovers of knowledge"), was a secret student organization that existed from 1817 to 1823 at the
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and other
Philomaths were imprisoned during their trials, October 23, 1823 – April 21, 1824. "Scene of
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292:. Most of them were students, but some members and supported included faculty and former alumni.
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322:, and it established ties with similar clandestine pro-Polish organizations in
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423:; over a dozen faculty members were dismissed (including historian
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in 1794. The society was composed of students and alumni of the
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WKŁAD IGNACEGO DOMEYKI I INNYCH FILARETÓW WILEŃSKICH DO NAUKI
211:
108:
493:. Vol. II. Oxford University Press. p. 230.
314:
for their pro-independence currents; history of the
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A course of three lectures on the history of Poland
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222:, which had acquired those territories in the
342:, and even Russian organizations such as the
210:The society was created on 1 October 1817 in
306:The discussions increasingly turned toward
686:Student organizations established in 1817
388:Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Pożytecznej Zabawy
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349:Two closely related groups were formed:
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512:
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490:God's Playground: A History of Poland
19:For other philomatic societies, see
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13:
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532:Northern Illinois University Press
528:Vilnius between Nations, 1795–2000
295:Its structure was a cross between
14:
707:
681:Polish independence organisations
162:: Polish students are exiled to
671:History of Lithuania (1795–1918)
661:1823 disestablishments in Europe
411:Nikolay Nikolayevich Novosiltsev
563:Historical Dictionary of Poland
16:Luthuanian student organization
519:
316:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
200:Imperial University of Vilnius
120:Russian Empire (now Lithuania)
50:Imperial University of Vilnius
1:
656:1817 establishments in Europe
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328:the rest of partitioned lands
237:(co-founder and president),
228:Imperial University of Vilna
7:
676:Collegiate secret societies
526:Weeks, Theodore R. (2015).
151:. Picture produced in 1899.
10:
712:
205:
131:Philomaths and Philarets:
18:
605:Encyklopedia Internautica
565:, Greenwood Press, 1996,
355:Towarzystwo Promienistych
353:The Radiant Association (
233:Notable members included
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28:
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336:Towarzystwo Patriotyczne
320:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
310:that were banned by the
575:Google Print, p.141-142
487:Davies, Norman (2005).
39:; 206 years ago
614:Philomates Association
451:
380:Zgromadzenie Filaretów
247:Onufry Pietraszkiewicz
187:
171:
152:
631:Google Print, p.60-65
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259:Antoni Edward Odyniec
192:Towarzystwo Filomatów
158:
145:Antoni Edward Odyniec
130:
467:(Forefathers' Eve).
224:Partitions of Poland
586:, Zwoje 4/2004 (41)
376:Filaret Association
340:Walerian Łukasiński
299:organization and a
271:Franciszek Malewski
691:History of Vilnius
625:J F. Gomoszyński,
534:. pp. 38–39.
459:Three Polish Bards
452:
394:, from the Greek "
286:Aleksander Chodźko
172:
153:
21:Philomatic society
696:Polish messianism
642:(Filaretes' Song)
593:WIEM Encyklopedia
582:Zbigniew Wójcik,
516:WIEM Encyklopedia
421:exiled to Siberia
332:Patriotic Society
308:romanticist ideas
216:Vilna Governorate
180:Philomath Society
125:
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115:Vilna Governorate
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638:
629:, London, 1843,
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591:
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559:Jerzy Jan Lerski
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448:Forefathers' Eve
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243:Józef Kowalewski
168:Jacek Malczewski
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633:(public domain)
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620:Further reading
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455:Adam Mickiewicz
440:Adam Mickiewicz
438:building where
425:Joachim Lelewel
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324:Congress Poland
301:learned society
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267:Teodor Łoziński
255:Adam Mickiewicz
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166:. Painting by
160:Students' Exile
141:Adam Mickiewicz
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444:Ignacy Domeyko
403:Ignacy Domeyko
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330:, such as the
312:Russian Empire
290:Michał Kulesza
275:Jan Sobolewski
263:Ignacy Domejko
257:(co-founder),
253:(co-founder),
249:(co-founder),
245:(co-founder),
241:(co-founder),
235:Józef Jeżowski
220:Russian Empire
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137:Ignacy Domejko
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59:Secret society
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44:1 October 1817
37:1 October 1817
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104:Headquarters
80:Defunct Date
637:(in Polish)
602:(in Polish)
590:(in Polish)
580:(in Polish)
363: [
360:promieniści
344:Decembrists
278: [
239:Jan Czeczot
194:; from the
149:Jan Czeczot
67:Independent
64:Affiliation
650:Categories
553:References
500:0199253404
434:Plaque on
396:philáretos
251:Tomasz Zan
176:Philomaths
133:Tomasz Zan
29:Philomaths
384:Filaretai
297:freemason
609:FILOMACI
597:Filomaci
392:filareci
357:, from "
188:Filomaci
96:Chapters
436:Vilnius
416:katorga
206:History
170:, 1891.
164:Siberia
75:Defunct
42: (
34:Founded
569:
538:
497:
464:Dziady
184:Polish
72:Status
471:Notes
367:]
338:) of
282:]
212:Vilna
196:Greek
178:, or
109:Vilna
91:Local
88:Scope
567:ISBN
536:ISBN
495:ISBN
419:and
374:The
326:and
174:The
83:1823
56:Type
427:).
230:.
202:.
190:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
