445:. He is therefore prevented from gaining economic mobility and getting out of the working class. This theme of unattainable education was personal for Hardy since he, like Jude, had been unable to afford to study for a degree at Oxford or Cambridge, in spite of his early interest in scholarship and the classics. Several specific details about Jude's self-directed studies actually appear in Hardy's autobiography, including late-night Latin readings while working full-time as a stonemason and then as an architect. However, unlike Jude's relatives, Hardy's mother was well-read, and she educated Thomas until he went to his first school at Bockhampton at age eight, and he attended school in Dorchester, where he learned Latin and demonstrated academic potential, until he became an apprentice at 16.
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school teacher, Mr. Phillotson, whom she eventually is persuaded to marry, despite the fact that he is some twenty years her senior. She soon regrets this, because, in addition to being in love with Jude, she is horrified by the notion of sex with her husband. Sue soon asks
Phillotson for permission to leave him for Jude, which he grants, once he realizes how unwilling she is to fulfill what he believes are her marital duties to him. Because of this scandal—the fact that Phillotson willingly allows his wife to leave for another man—Phillotson has to give up his career as a schoolmaster.
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and the family is forced into a nomadic lifestyle, moving from town to town across Wessex seeking employment and housing before eventually returning to
Christminster. Their socially troubled boy, "Little Father Time", comes to believe that he and his half-siblings are the source of the family's woes. The morning after their arrival in Christminster, he kills Sue's two children and himself by hanging. He leaves behind a note that simply reads, "Done because we are too menny ." Shortly thereafter, Sue has a miscarriage.
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from the
University of Christminster, Jude's dream of entering the church would prove to be unattainable, leaving him to pursue other, less fulfilling interests. A similar track can be seen in Hardy's treatment of the traditional institution of marriage. From the original pairing of Arabella and Jude to their eventual reunion, Hardy depicts marriage as an oppressive social necessity, propelling the characters into a downward spiral of unhappiness.
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for her relationship with Jude. Although horrified at the thought of resuming her marriage with
Phillotson, she becomes convinced that, for religious reasons, she should never have left him. Arabella discovers Sue's feelings and informs Phillotson, who soon proposes they remarry. This results in Sue
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in his spare time, while working first in his great-aunt's bakery, with the hope of entering university. But before he can try to do this the naïve Jude is seduced by
Arabella Donn, a rather coarse, morally lax, and superficial local girl who traps him into marriage by pretending to be pregnant. The
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appear in many other Hardy novels, as well as in Hardy's life. The struggle against fixed class boundaries is an important link between the novel and Hardy's life, especially concerning higher education and the working class. Although Jude wishes to attend the university at
Christminster, he cannot
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After one final, desperate visit to Sue in freezing weather, Jude becomes seriously ill and dies within the year in
Christminster, thwarted in his ambitions both in love and in achieving fame in scholarship. It is revealed that Sue has grown "staid and worn" with Phillotson. Arabella does not mourn
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Jude eventually convinces Sue to sleep with him and, over the years, they have two children together and expect a third. But Jude and Sue are socially ostracised for living together unmarried, especially after the children are born. Jude's employers dismiss him because of the illicit relationship,
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Jude's trajectory through the story sheds light on the ambivalent and conflicting roles of organized religion in his life. Jude, from his origins in
Marygreen, always found religion to be the endgame of an otherwise troublesome and uninteresting life. But, as seen through his systematic exclusion
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and fairly indifferent to religion in her youth to becoming obsessively religious as she got older. Since Hardy was always highly critical of organised religion, as Emma became more and more religious, their differing views led to a great deal of tension in their marriage, and this tension was a
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Although Hardy claimed that "no book he had ever written contained less of his own life", contemporary reviewers found several parallels between the themes of the novel and Hardy's life as a working-class man of letters. The unhappy marriages, the religious and philosophical questioning, and the
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After
Arabella leaves him, Jude moves to Christminster and supports himself as a mason while studying alone, hoping to be able to enter the university later. There, he meets and falls in love with his free-spirited cousin, Sue Bridehead. But, shortly after this, Jude introduces Sue to his former
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young man; he is a stonemason who dreams of becoming a scholar. The other main character is his cousin, Sue
Bridehead, who is also his central love interest. The novel is concerned in particular with issues of class, education, religion, morality and marriage.
572:, in his introduction to a 1974 edition of the text, refutes the conventional reading of the novel as "the tragedy of an oversexed peasant boy", instead examining the social background of the text and proposing it as a conflict between ideal and reality.
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Another parallel between the book's characters and themes and Hardy's actual life experience occurs when Sue becomes obsessed with religion after previously having been indifferent and even hostile towards it. Like Sue Bridehead, Hardy's first wife,
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Sue and Jude spend some time living together without any sexual relationship. This is because of Sue's dislike both of sex and the institution of marriage. Soon after, Arabella reappears having fled her Australian husband, who managed a hotel in
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in North London in May 2019. In this version, Jude is a free-spirited female Syrian refugee who works as a cleaner, her cousin is a male relative who becomes a radical Muslim, and she is regularly visited by a figure representing the Greek poet
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leaving Jude once again for Phillotson, and she punishes herself by allowing her husband sex. Jude is devastated and remarries Arabella, whose husband has died, after she plies him with alcohol to once again trick him into marriage.
428:, a contrast which is heightened even further by their later role-reversal. Although the central characters represent both perspectives, the novel as a whole is firmly critical of Christianity and social institutions in general.
505:(dated 1896). In his Preface to the first edition, Hardy provides details of the conception and writing history of the novel, claiming that certain details were inspired by the death of a woman (most likely his cousin,
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of marriage, the Church, and education. These themes are developed in particular through Hardy's use of contrast. For example, at the beginning of their relationship, Jude's Christian faith contrasts with Sue's
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Besides her grief and blaming herself for "Little Father Time"'s actions, Sue turns to the church that she has rebelled against. She comes to believe that the children's deaths were
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marriage is a failure, and Arabella leaves Jude and later emigrates to Australia, where she enters into a bigamous marriage. By this time, Jude has abandoned his classical studies.
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Around 1887, Hardy began making notes for a story about a working man's frustrated attempts to attend the university, perhaps inspired in part by the scholastic failure and
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The novel is No. 23 on the BBC's "The 100 greatest British novels" and No. 20 on The Guardian's "The 100 best novels written in English"
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The novel explores several social problems in Victorian England, especially those relating to the
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The novel tells the story of Jude Fawley, who lives in a village in southern England (part of
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The BBC Radio 4 series "Hardy's Women" (2020) featured a three-part adaptation of
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received a harsh reception from some scandalized critics. Among the critics was
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The Forgotten Female Aesthetes: Literary Culture in Late-Victorian England.
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Jude's passing, instead setting the stage to ensnare her next husband.
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It is Hardy's last completed novel. The protagonist, Jude Fawley, is a
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Eagleton, Terry. "Introduction" Macmillan London Ltd, 1974. p. 10
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describes this "hypothesis" as "superficial and absurd".
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wrote an updated adaptation of the novel, simply titled
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Called "Jude the Obscene" by at least one reviewer,
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1024:. Triangleartsandentertainment.org. 13 April 2012
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819:. London: Wordsworth Editions. p. 282.
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1578:The Famous Tragedy of the Queen of Cornwall
846:. London: Wordsworth Editions. p. 29.
489:version of the novel ran in instalments in
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676:Hardy, Thomas; Macbeth-Raeburn, H (2014).
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682:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
485:. From December 1894 to November 1895, a
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136:Learn how and when to remove this message
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979:"The 100 best novels written in English"
767:. Online-literature.com. 26 January 2007
557:borrowed heavily from an earlier novel,
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999:University of Virginia Press, 2000.
737:"Jude the Obscure | novel by Hardy"
363:. As a youth, Jude teaches himself
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1043:McDowell, Robert (13 April 2012).
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1022:"Jude the Obscure, Parts 1 and 2"
965:"The 100 greatest British novels"
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900:. London: Macmillan. p. 52.
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945:(4) (March 1957) pp. 261–275.
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491:Harper's New Monthly Magazine
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632:in Raleigh, NC in April 2012
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1141:public domain audiobook at
870:(Penguin, 2007) pp. 30, 36.
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1226:Far from the Madding Crowd
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792:. Macmillan. p. 738.
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843:The Life of Thomas Hardy
816:The Life of Thomas Hardy
1698:Novels set in Berkshire
1524:The Respectable Burgher
1452:Satires of Circumstance
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741:Encyclopedia Britannica
635:The British playwright
548:A Study of Thomas Hardy
160:Original title page of
1688:Novels by Thomas Hardy
1596:Thomas Hardy's Cottage
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1234:The Hand of Ethelberta
896:Pinion, F. B. (1968).
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1341:Life's Little Ironies
912:"Book description of
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643:, which premiered at
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202:Henry Macbeth-Raeburn
918:. Broadviewpress.com
886:. New York: Penguin.
612:Michael Winterbottom
610:(1996), directed by
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30:For the serial, see
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1460:Moments of Vision
1250:The Trumpet-Major
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995:Schaffer, Talia.
985:. 17 August 2015.
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898:A Hardy Companion
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59:This article
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39:Infernal Love
33:
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1642:(song cycle)
1640:Winter Words
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1055:28 September
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744:. Retrieved
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68:Please help
63:verification
60:
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1632:Egdon Heath
1573:(1904–1908)
1570:The Dynasts
1476:Human Shows
1468:Late Lyrics
1258:A Laodicean
614:, starring
594:, starring
576:Adaptations
563:Lucas Malet
533:, but poet
523:Walsham How
509:) in 1890.
487:bowdlerised
226:Set in
198:Illustrator
1657:Categories
698:1198347279
592:Hugh David
460:alienation
443:fellowship
384:Photochrom
323:Wikisource
96:newspapers
18:Phillotson
1293:(1891/92)
1028:12 August
922:12 August
771:12 August
664:Citations
650:Euripides
282:PZ3 .H222
237:Publisher
1601:Max Gate
1554:" (1916)
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1143:LibriVox
882:(2007).
550:(1914).
208:Language
1620:Related
513:Reviews
497:, then
479:suicide
473:Writing
211:English
110:scholar
1581:(1923)
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415:Themes
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369:Latin
270:823.8
220:Novel
216:Genre
117:JSTOR
103:books
1589:Life
1057:2015
1030:2012
924:2012
848:ISBN
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794:ISBN
773:2012
748:2021
723:2021
694:OCLC
684:ISBN
641:Jude
618:and
607:Jude
598:and
555:Jude
531:Jude
451:Emma
367:and
313:Text
250:1895
89:news
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