Philip IV of Spain

1089: 1194: 10497: 754: 1659: 15070: 1313: 646:, to the prince, ten years old at the time. At first, Philip did not particularly take to Olivares. Over the course of at least a year, however, the relationship became very close, with Philip's tendency towards underconfidence and diffidence counteracted by Olivares' drive and determination. Olivares rapidly became Philip's most trusted advisor, and when Philip ascended the throne in 1621, at the age of sixteen, he showed his confidence in Olivares by ordering that all papers requiring the royal signature should first be sent to the count-duke. Philip retained Olivares as his confidant and chief minister for the next twenty years. 14839: 9653: 650: 396: 662:

policies during 1641–1642, however, and it has been suggested that Philip paid more attention to policy making than has traditionally been depicted; some recent histories go so far as to describe him as 'conscientious' in policy making, although he is still criticized for his failure to make timely decisions. Philip himself argued that it was hardly appropriate for the King himself to go house to house amongst his ministers to see if his instructions were being carried out. The close relationship between Philip and Olivares was demonstrated by their portraits' being placed side by side at the

479: 1259:, the 'Planet King', by his contemporaries, and much of the art and display at his court has been interpreted in the context of his need to project power and authority, over both Spaniards and foreigners alike. Older interpretations, which perceived Philip's court as being completely decadent, have been largely superseded, but the art and symbolism of the period certainly did not reflect the wider threat and decline of Spanish power. Indeed, the limited Spanish military successes of the period were celebrated by royal artists to a disproportionate extent. Numerous artists from the 42: 1304:. Work began modestly in 1631, with the magnificent, if costly, 'Hall of Thrones', completed by 1635. The palace included its own 'theatre, ballroom, galleries, bull ring, gardens, and artificial lakes', and became the centre for artists and dramatists from across Europe. The palace was built during one of the more difficult periods of Philip's reign. Given both its cost, in a time of stringent wartime savings, and the protest that ensued from a disgruntled public, it is considered to have been an important part of the attempt to communicate royal grandeur and authority. 9188: 9405: 11937: 11377: 1378:, a prioress known for her religious writings. He asked her to correspond with him and to advise him in spiritual matters. The two became regular correspondents throughout the remainder of their lives. This is documented in over 600 confidential letters between them over a period of twenty-two years. Philip clearly believed that Maria could intercede with God on his behalf and provide advice on what God wished him to do, to improve Spain's failing fortunes. Most believe that Philip was involved in protecting Maria from the 894: 1073:'. This would have involved establishing a force of 140,000 paid soldiers, supported by equitable taxes from across the Empire, and has been termed 'the most far-sighted proposal of any statesman of the age'; in practice, however, it met fierce opposition from the various regional assemblies and the plan was withdrawn. During the 1620s, again influenced by a desire to reform Spanish life for the better, Philip also passed considerable legislation with puritanical overtones. In 1623, he closed all the legal 1344:, they undertook special religious ceremonies together under the gaze of the painting. Philip also had a large standard made with the image of the painting on one side and the royal coat of arms on the other, brought out in processions each year on 12 July. As well as marking a strong personal religious belief, this increasingly visible link between the crown, the Church and national symbols such as the Virgin of Miracles, represented a key pillar of support for Philip as king. 1570: 682: 11635: 1355:, a 14th-century role model of a 'perfect queen', to great effect, ultimately paying for a lavish celebration in Lisbon after her canonisation in 1625. Internationally, it was important for Spanish prestige for her to receive at least a proportionate and ideally greater, share of new saints than other Catholic kingdoms, and Philip sponsored a flurry of texts and books supporting Spain's candidates, particularly in competition with Catholic France. 1001: 8756: 520:, who died at the age of sixteen in 1646. The death of his son deeply shocked the King, who appears to have been a good father by the standards of the day. Elisabeth was able to conspire with other Spanish nobles to remove Olivares from the court in 1643, and for a brief period she held considerable influence over Philip; by the time of her death, however, she was out of favour, following manoeuvering by Olivares' successor and nephew, 1711: 984:. Throughout the period there was no 'weakening of the importance attached to naval forces' by the King, who argued that joint land and naval operations were essential. Some of his conclusions on naval policy were quite advanced: after the peace of 1648, Philip argued that the Dutch fleets off the Spanish peninsula were actually good for trade, despite concerns from his senior officials, since they provided protection against the 1606: 1113:

and men from this source was increasingly limited. Philip and his government were desperately trying to reduce the responsibilities of the central government in response to the overstretch of the war, and various reform ideas that might have been pursued during the 1620s were rejected on this basis. Financial restraints and higher taxes were put in place, but Philip was increasingly selling off

606:'s contemporary description of Philip's key weakness – that 'he mistrusts himself, and defers to others too much' — remains relevant. Although Philip's Catholic beliefs no longer attract criticism from English language writers, Philip is still felt to have been 'unduly pious' in his personal life. Notably, from the 1640s onwards he sought the advice and counsel of a noted cloistered abbess, Sor 964:. Shortly after taking power, he began to increase the size of his fleets, rapidly doubling the size of the naval budget from the start of his reign, and then tripling it. Philip is credited with a 'sensible, pragmatic approach' to provisioning and controlling it. He was prepared to involve himself in considerable details of naval policy; he was commenting on the detail of provisions for the 1220:, a new invention from Italy not used in commercial theatre at the time. Some writers have likened the illusion of Baroque royal theatre to the illusion of kingly power the performances were designed to reinforce. Some recent scholarship has suggested that Philip's financial sponsorship of playwrights, however, may have been less extensive than once thought. 840:, Spain remained a strong opponent. But from 1640 onwards, a period which saw large-scale revolts across Spanish territories in protest against the rising costs of the conflict, Spain was finding it difficult to sustain the war. Philip reacted to the increased French threat by finally abandoning his 'Netherlands first' strategy; resources for the 1231:; mutual contacts caused him to become known to Olivares, who came from the same region. Velázquez was summoned to Madrid by the King in 1624. Despite some jealousy from the existing court painters, Velázquez rapidly became a success with Philip, being retained for the rest of his career until his death, painting a celebration of the 678:, Lerma's son, who had initially helped de Zúñiga remove his own father from office to advance his own position. Philip's initial announcements reflected an intent to reform the monarchy to the sober, moral position it had been under his grandfather, including selecting ministers whose grandfathers had served under Philip II. 802:

have been particularly bellicose; early on he noted that having inherited such a large empire, war somewhere across his domains was an inevitable condition, and he appeared genuinely upset when he came to power and contemplated how much the people of Castile had paid 'in blood' to support the wars of his royal predecessors.

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poetry with a humorous touch. A keen theatre-goer, he was sometimes criticized by contemporaries for his love of these 'frivolous' entertainments. Others have captured his private personality as 'naturally kind, gentle and affable'. Those close to him claimed he was academically competent, with a good grasp of

741:, a nephew of Olivares and a childhood playmate of Philip's, and the counter-reform of the committee system halted. De Haro has not been highly regarded by historians; the comment of one, that de Haro was the 'embodiment of mediocrity', is not atypical. After de Haro's death in 1661, Olivares' son-in-law, 582:

Privately, Philip appears to have had a lighter persona. When he was younger, he was said to have a keen sense of humor and a 'great sense of fun'. He privately attended 'academies' in Madrid throughout his reign – these were lighthearted literary salons, aiming to analyze contemporary literature and

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The results were not entirely as hoped. The grandees dragooned into service in this way were disinclined to spend years learning the normal professional military skill set; they wished 'to start out as generals and soldiers on the same day', to quote one disgruntled career soldier. By the 1630s, the

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During the emergency of 1640–1643, Philip appears to have had a crisis of faith. Philip genuinely believed the success or failure of his policies represented God's favour and judgement on his actions. The combination of the revolts, the French advances and the loss of his trusted favourite Olivares

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By the 1630s, Philip's domestic policies were being increasingly impacted by the financial pressures of the Thirty Years' War, and in particular the growing war with France. The costs of the war were huge, and whilst they had largely fallen upon Castile, the ability of the crown to raise more funds

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in 1621 in an attempt to bring the provinces to the negotiating table with the aim of achieving a peace treaty favourable to Spanish global interests. Philip's government would pursue a 'Netherlands first' strategy throughout the war until 1643. Despite this shift in policy, Philip does not seem to

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offering various advice on how to solve Spain's various ills; this advice could, and would, be given in person by those of the lower classes to the King on suitable occasions, provided it was presented with the aim of strengthening the crown. Those debates extended to the nature of the monarchy. It

1371:. The mystics' principal advice centred on the importance of the King rejecting Olivares' replacement, de Haro and the remaining pro-Olivares nobles at court. The various mystics were not acceptable to broader Spanish noble opinion and, with de Haro's encouragement, they were ultimately dismissed. 661:

Early in his reign, Philip would be woken by Olivares in the morning to discuss the day's affairs and would meet with him twice more during the day, although later this routine declined until the King would hold only one short meeting on policy with Olivares each day. Philip intervened far more in

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contentious issue for the less favoured provinces. This loose system had successfully resisted reform and higher taxation before, ironically resulting in Spain's having had historically, up until the 1640s at least, fewer than the usual number of fiscal revolts for an early modern European state.

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Philip was idealized by his contemporaries as the model of Baroque kingship. Outwardly he maintained a bearing of rigid solemnity; foreign visitors described him as being so impassive in public he resembled a statue, and he was said to have been seen to laugh only three times in the course of his

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of Philip IV. Each part had different taxation, privileges and military arrangements; in practice, the level of taxation in many of the more peripheral provinces was less than that in Castile, but the privileged position of the Castilian nobility at all senior levels of royal appointment was a

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In 1640, Philip IV's initial strategy to undermine the new Portuguese government involved dividing the extensive border shared between Portugal and Castile into military districts. Each district would be overseen by the highest-ranking nobleman on the Castilian side. For example, the

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entire public life. Philip certainly had a strong sense of his 'royal dignity', but was also extensively coached by Olivares in how to resemble the Baroque model of a sovereign, which would form a key political tool for Philip throughout his reign. Philip was a fine horseman, a keen

666:— an act unheard of in Europe at the time. Philip's relationship with Olivares, however, was not a simplistic one. The pair had many rows and arguments over the course of their relationship, both as a result of their different personalities and differences of opinion over policies. 1056:

In the first years of his reign, heavily influenced by his royal favourite Olivares, Philip focused on efforts to reform the most chaotic aspects of this system. Frustrated by the notorious slowness of the system of royal councils, Philip supported Olivares' establishment of

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Much shaken by events, Philip's solution was to remove his royal favourite Olivares from office in 1643 in an attempt to compromise with the Spanish elite. He announced he would rule alone, rejecting both the concept of a royal favourite as first minister and the system of

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government, which he began to dismantle in favour of the older system of royal councils. Clemency was shown to the Duke of Medina Sidonia. The situation began to stabilise, and before long Philip felt secure enough to revert to his preferred method of government.

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and its rituals played an important part in Philip's life, especially towards the end of his reign. Depressed by events across his domains, he became increasingly concerned with religious affairs. In particular, Philip paid special devotion to a painting of the

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rebellions of 1648 by continuing the fight; he took personal responsibility for the decision to start a fresh, and ultimately successful, offensive against the French in Catalonia in 1651. True victory over France never emerged, however, and by 1658, after the

516:, his key minister, later deliberately tried to keep the two apart to maintain his influence, encouraging Philip to take mistresses instead, by whom he is known to have had at least 30 progeny. Philip had ten children with Elisabeth, with only one being a son, 699:

Philip has in the past been considered to be 'unimaginative' in his politics, but recent histories have stressed the more radical elements of his first two decades in power. There was a febrile atmosphere in Spain in the early 17th century, with numerous

567:. Historians' estimation of Philip gradually improved in the 20th century, with comparisons between Philip and his father being increasingly positive – some noting that he possessed much more energy, both mental and physical, than his diffident father. 928:

King was waiving the usual rules to enable promotion to higher ranks on a shorter timescale, and having to pay significantly inflated salaries to get grandees to take up even these appointments. The performance of these officers at battles such as

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Following Olivares' fall from power amidst the crisis of 1640–1643, the victim of failed policies and jealousy from the nobles excluded from power, Philip initially announced that he would rule alone, becoming in effect his own first minister. The

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bankers – who had proved uncooperative in recent years – by declaring a state bankruptcy. With the Genoese debt now removed, Olivares hoped to turn to indigenous bankers for renewed funds. In practice, the plan was a disaster. The

821:. Strategically this was to prove a disaster. Despite fresh Spanish successes in the mid-1630s – in particular, the triumph of Philip's government in raising a fresh Spanish army, marching it into Germany to defeat the Swedish-led 610:, exchanging many letters with her. This did not stop Philip for becoming known for his numerous affairs, particularly with actresses, as encouraged by the Count-Duke Olivares. The most famous of these affairs was with the actress 1012:

from his father, spanning the known world, but many of his most difficult challenges as king would stem from domestic problems in Spain itself. Spain in the early 17th century was a collection of possessions – the kingdoms of

829:– the increased tensions with France made war between the two Catholic states increasingly inevitable. Olivares advised Philip that the coming war with France would be all or nothing; Spain would win or fall by the result. 1235:

for Philip. The King and Velázquez shared common interests in horses, dogs and art, and in private they formed an easy, relaxed relationship over the years. Philip supported a number of other prominent painters, including

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opinion. Under the influence of de Zúñiga and Olivares, however, Philip was then quick to place Lerma's estates – expanded considerably during his long period as favorite – under administration, and to remove from office

1100:, which had become increasingly unstable during the reign of his father and grandfather, but in practice, inflation soared. Partly this was because in 1627 Olivares had attempted to deal with the problem of Philip's 1164:, where he had been commanding the army, he found only one of the Castilian nobility arrived at court on Easter Day 1641. The threat of Philip's being deposed by the grandees of Castile seemed increasingly real. 642:. De Zúñiga regarded it as essential that the Sandovals be unable to gain an influence over the future king; de Zúñiga first began to develop his own influence over Prince Philip, and then introduced his nephew, 550:

Perceptions of Philip's personality have altered considerably over time. Victorian authors were inclined to portray him as a weak individual, delegating excessively to his ministers, and ruling over a debauched

793:. Once Philip himself came to power, he was convinced by de Zúñiga, appointed his principal foreign minister, and Olivares that he should commit Spain to a more aggressive foreign policy in alliance with the 1160:, possibly attempting to reproduce the Braganzas' success in Portugal. Although Philip and Olivares were able to repress the ducal revolt, Philip had found himself increasingly isolated. On his return from 8189:

Elliott, El conde-duque, 591–92; Rafael Valladares, La guerra olvidada: Ciudad Rodrigo y su comarca durante la Restauración de Portugal (1640–1668) (Ciudad Rodrigo: Centro de Estudios Mirobrigenses, 1988).

713:, who promoted religiously inspired, stoic self-sacrifice and a view of Habsburg family-led hegemony respectively. Whilst at one level conservative – harking back in foreign policy to the period of 1351:

process and could utilise this for domestic or international political effect. Philip, for example, keen to reach out to his Portuguese subjects, put his considerable influence behind the case for

1132:. An alliance of Catalan rebels and French royal forces proved challenging to suppress, and in trying to mobilise Portuguese noble support for the war, Olivares triggered a second uprising. 1121:

rights, along with much of the royal estate to fund the conflict. It has been argued that the fiscal stringencies of the 1630s, combined with the strength and role of Olivares and the

980:, Philip remained closely interested in his navy, including ensuring ministerial attention. In 1646, de Haro was personally involved in supplying and equipping the Atlantic fleet from 809:

in 1624. By the end of the decade, however, Philip's government was faced with the question of whether to prioritise the war in Flanders or Spain's relationship with France during the

1252:. Philip obtained paintings from across Europe, especially Italy, accumulating over 4,000 by the time of his death; some have termed this unparalleled assemblage a 'mega-collection'. 949: 737:

system of government began to be dismantled in favour of the older council system. In due course, however, this personal rule reverted to rule through a royal favourite, initially

1153: 937: 916:, or a lack of leadership. In keeping with their wider agenda of renewing the concepts of duty, service and aristocratic tradition, the King agreed to efforts to introduce more 848:

took the first priority. Shortly after Rocroi, Philip – now having had to dismiss his favourite, Olivares – issued instructions to his ambassadors to seek a peace treaty. The

1088: 717:, invoking traditional values at home – Philip's policies were also radical, rejecting the policy towards the rebellious Dutch that had held since 1609, entering into the 8771: 12049:, under whom the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united, forming the Kingdom of Spain. Previously, the title Infante had been largely used in the different realms. 7402:

Goodman, Eleanor (2005). "Conspicuous In Her Absence: Mariana of Austria, Juan José of Austria, and the Representation of Her Power". In Earenfight, Theresa (ed.).

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and chief minister for almost all of his reign. Philip IV came to power as the influence of the Sandovals was being undermined by a new noble coalition, led by Don

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Generations are numbered by male-line descent from the first archdukes. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished in 1919.

1677:, which was mainly due to organic causes largely beyond the control of any one ruler. Philip IV died in 1665, expressing the pious hope that his surviving son, 1181:

halted. The spark of reform from Philip's earlier years never returned, however. The Catalan rebellion dragged on for several years. In 1652, the Spanish army

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King Philip IV had many extramarital affairs, and an unknown but large number of illegitimate children, estimated around thirty. Only two were legitimized.

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Philip IV's reign, after a few years of inconclusive successes, was characterized by political and military adversity. He has been held responsible for the

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The 'Planet King' also invested in a new palace to display both his art and the ritual of court. Through Olivares, Philip commenced the building of the

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A crisis came in 1640. An attempt by Olivares to intervene in Catalonia to deal with the French invasion threat resulted in revolt and the years long

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in the Netherlands and the wars in Germany, but the conflict with France dragged on. Philip responded to the perceived weakness of France during the

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Philip has been remembered both for the 'astonishing enthusiasm' with which he collected art and for his love of theatre. On the stage, he favoured

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that ensued from 1635 onwards was not a foregone conclusion. Early Spanish successes threatened Paris, and even after the Spanish defeat at

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Aged 44 in 1649, Philip remarried, following the deaths of both Elisabeth and his only son. His choice of his second wife, 14-year-old

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in 1661 – but the latter was sickly and considered in frequent danger of dying, making the line of inheritance potentially uncertain.

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During the reign of Philip's father, Philip III, the royal court had been dominated by the Sandoval noble family, most strikingly by

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The 1620s were good years for Spanish foreign policy: the war with the Dutch went well, albeit at great expense, culminating in the

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had reached approximately 12.2 million square kilometres (4.7 million square miles) in area but in other aspects was in

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in doubt, there was a real possibility of Juan José's claiming the throne, which added to the instability of the regency years.

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Fernando Francisco Isidro de Austria (15 May 1626 – 12 March 1634), legitimized after his death and buried at

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into the higher ranks of the military, working hard to overcome the reluctance of many to take up field appointments in the

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Philip and Olivares attempted to address the perceived issues of the army, which they concluded were primarily due to the

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Infanta Maria Anna "Mariana" Antonia of Austria, Infanta of Spain (17 January 1636 – 5 December 1636)

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of 1628 was captured by the Dutch, and Spain's ability to borrow and transfer money across Europe declined sharply.

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Maria Ambrosia de la Concepción of Austria, Infanta of Spain (7 December 1655 – 21 December 1655)

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and Philip issued an amnesty for the rebels, promising to respect traditional customs and rights in the future.

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on behalf of the young Charles II to his wife Mariana, with instructions that she heed the advice of a small

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The Great Favourite: The Duke of Lerma, and the Court and Government of King Philip III of Spain, 1598–1621

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https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/87106/9789004255753.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

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Ferdinand Thomas Charles of Austria, Infante of Spain (23 December 1658 – 22 October 1659)

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Margaret Maria Catherine of Austria, Infanta of Spain (25 November 1623 – 22 December 1623)

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has been suggested that the writers of the period who best captured Philip's view of royal authority were

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Isabella Maria Theresa of Austria, Infanta of Spain (31 October 1627 – 1 November 1627)

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excluded many of the traditional grandees and caused resentment. Olivares put forward the idea of a

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from 1621 to 1640. Philip is remembered for his patronage of the arts, including such artists as

11599: 1768: 1363:, Don Juan Chumacero – both involved in the removal of Olivares – encouraged the King to invite 649: 618:, who was brought up as a royal prince. By the end of the reign, and with the health of Carlos, 15040: 15008: 14753: 13832: 13722: 13149: 13048: 12601: 12284: 11903: 11725: 11170: 11140: 11080: 10844: 10829: 10761: 10459: 10268: 10088: 10007: 9944: 9766: 9499: 9168: 8960: 8925: 1933: 1851: 1694: 1534: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1419: 1403: 1232: 1106: 874: 870: 693: 615: 596: 311: 13914: 10259: 10103: 9729: 9627: 9476: 8717:] (in French). Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Paris: La compagnie des libraires. p. 149. 8708: 1681:, who was only 4 years old at the time, would be more fortunate than himself. On his death, a 14737: 14601: 14410: 14379: 14182: 14110: 13764: 13717: 13691: 12222: 12217: 12207: 11408: 11155: 11130: 11060: 10908: 10819: 10777: 10686: 10635: 10609: 10544: 10469: 10454: 10449: 10124: 10083: 10078: 10002: 9984: 9954: 9934: 9762: 9714: 9689: 9674: 9652: 9484: 9441: 9164: 4156: 2931: 1902: 1829:

Maria Eugenia of Austria, Infanta of Spain (21 November 1625 – 21 August 1627)

1510: 1506: 1450: 1399: 1284: 885:

continued, however, as Philip fruitlessly attempted to regain control over his lost kingdom.

806: 478: 14314: 10676: 9045: 2991: 1823:

Maria Margaret of Austria, Infanta of Spain (14 August 1621 – 15 August 1621)

1623: 15104: 15099: 14585: 14537: 14373: 14250: 14172: 14115: 13951: 13924: 13919: 13863: 13675: 13652: 13640: 13451: 13305: 12212: 11784: 11220: 11135: 11085: 11045: 10892: 10824: 10756: 10681: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10624: 10614: 10539: 10534: 10524: 10484: 10444: 10439: 10346: 10153: 10093: 10055: 9979: 9919: 9747: 9704: 9699: 9451: 9421: 9394: 9262: 8885: 4915: 3295: 2890: 2114: 1375: 1316: 1048:

etc. – all loosely joined together through the institution of the Castile monarchy and the

857: 786: 774: 718: 607: 448: 41: 13386: 669:

Initially, Philip chose to confirm the reappointment of his father's household to assuage

8: 15056: 14952: 14920: 14745: 14721: 14689: 14577: 14308: 14224: 14039: 13909: 13785: 13630: 13514: 12874: 12747: 12664: 12243: 12149: 12092: 11748: 11701: 11565: 11476: 11431: 11385: 11297: 11284: 11200: 11190: 11160: 11110: 11055: 11040: 10880: 10868: 10834: 10813: 10803: 10795: 10782: 10671: 10640: 10629: 10604: 10580: 10529: 10474: 10351: 10312: 10302: 10249: 10190: 10171: 10035: 9969: 9813: 9803: 9775: 9757: 9737: 9542: 9532: 9489: 9436: 9389: 9384: 9267: 9224: 9214: 9177: 9060: 9018: 8937: 8916: 8866: 8849: 8485: 7438:

Kamen, Henry (2000). "Vicissitudes of a World Power, 1500–1700". In Carr, Raymond (ed.).

6862: 6160: 5235: 4075: 3858: 3673: 2648: 2014: 1927: 1894: 1855: 1678: 1494: 1435: 1411: 1383: 1379: 1352: 1276: 1260: 1149: 1041: 1026: 1022: 977: 921: 849: 726: 611: 544: 512:. Although the relationship does not appear to have been close, some have suggested that 501: 467: 463: 412: 364: 140: 130: 95: 85: 7532:

The Challenges of Uncertainty: An Introduction to Seventeenth Century Spanish Literature

14984: 14904: 14657: 14553: 14526: 14277: 14136: 13499: 12701: 12304: 12061: 11717: 11552: 11185: 11145: 11125: 11115: 11100: 11035: 11016: 10989: 10862: 10766: 10750: 10619: 10575: 10566: 10514: 10297: 10219: 10214: 10195: 10130: 10060: 10050: 10012: 9994: 9877: 9798: 9752: 9684: 9611: 9527: 9456: 9446: 9426: 9413: 9369: 9209: 9094: 9067: 8990: 8944: 8875: 8704: 7315: 7311: 5799: 5523: 5443: 4141: 4090: 3237: 3036: 2480: 1864: 1842: 1813: 1360: 1341: 1333: 1296: 1217: 1202: 714: 663: 619: 602:

Although interpretations of Philip's role in government have improved in recent years,

528: 246: 10070: 9911: 9619: 9361: 7478:

The Limits of Royal Authority: Resistance and Obedience in Seventeenth Century Castile

3093: 2954: 2862: 1224: 1177:, Olivares' nephew, took over as favourite and minister and the counter-reform of the 603: 440: 15016: 15000: 14641: 14495: 14245: 13883: 13743: 13656: 13648: 13494: 13415: 11838: 11807: 11771: 11691: 11210: 11205: 11175: 11165: 11026: 11006: 10850: 10790: 10772: 10645: 10595: 10464: 10331: 10283: 10273: 10111: 10040: 10017: 9831: 9785: 9771: 9742: 9565: 9514: 9504: 9494: 9431: 9353: 9287: 9252: 9242: 9173: 9135: 8994: 8820: 8737: 8672: 7616: 7553: 7278: 5519: 3484: 3421: 3155: 2031: 1241: 1137: 1101: 1097: 1037: 794: 536: 354: 267: 11936: 9959: 9374: 8791: 2925: 2836: 14881: 14850: 14729: 12197: 11761: 11669: 11661: 11591: 11150: 10997: 10923: 10336: 10322: 10205: 10045: 9823: 9719: 9557: 9466: 9461: 9272: 9247: 9028: 8998: 8976: 8971: 8967: 8898: 8856: 7384:

Fernándo-Armesto, Filippe (2000). "The Improbable Empire". In Carr, Raymond (ed.).

7307: 7282: 4376: 1674: 1667: 1268: 1264: 1014: 929: 906: 841: 837: 822: 459: 436: 171: 102: 11376: 10808: 7347:

European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies

3365: 1340:, Philip had placed their children under the protection of this image; married to 1237: 11653: 11510: 11011: 10148: 9404: 9087: 9009: 4404: 3192: 1324: 1245: 1129: 1018: 845: 782: 710: 535:, was guided by politics and Philip's desire to strengthen the relationship with 490: 3332: 893: 777:

in Europe, a turbulent period of military history. In Philip III's final years,

725:, or small committee, government across Spain in competition to the traditional 10027: 9196: 9156: 8906: 8902: 7567: 4171: 1359:

appears to have deeply shaken him. Queen Isabella and the new president of the

1288: 1280: 1114: 1049: 1045: 1009: 798: 706: 455: 444: 175: 8669:

Absolutism and the scientific revolution, 1600-1720: a biographical dictionary

952:, the king's secretary in the Council of War, acted as the junta's secretary. 15083: 13644: 12499: 11825: 10928: 10505: 10356: 10140: 9302: 9277: 8894: 8767: 8762: 5440: 3361: 2857: 1272: 1141: 1078: 1070: 428: 57: 3257: 3056: 976:

committee to survive the fall of Olivares intact. Even after the disastrous

555:

court. Victorian historians even attributed the early death of Balthasar to

10341: 9297: 9257: 3136:(in German), vol. 42, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 717–723 1549:, etc." in full and "King of the Spains, Don Philip the Fourth and King of 1348: 1301: 1249: 1209: 1174: 961: 853: 814: 738: 654: 576: 564: 521: 3033:(in German), vol. 16, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 471–475 1223:

Artistically, Philip became famous for his patronage of his court painter

14777: 14761: 12371: 11236: 10361: 10244: 9292: 9282: 1946:

Carlos Fernando de Austria y Manrique (1639-1696), married, one daughter.

1919: 1431: 989: 902: 869:

to an Anglo-French force, Philip was personally desperate for peace. The

681: 466:

as King of Spain and in 1640 (with the collapse of the Iberian Union) by

203: 7413:

Between Exaltation and Infamy: Female Mystics in the Golden Age of Spain

7319: 7295: 1936:(7 April 1629 – 17 September 1679), legitimized in 1642. 1569: 13599: 11271: 10391: 10224: 9234: 7258:

The Gods of Play: Baroque Festival Performances as Rhetorical Discourse

3347: 3310: 3273: 3234:(in German), vol. 5, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 83–85 3207: 3170: 3109: 3072: 3006: 2969: 2906: 1735: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 985: 898: 818: 167: 14479:

title removed in 1920 as their parents' marriage was deemed undynastic

9842: 9576: 7368:

The Revolt of the Catalans: A Study in the Decline of Spain, 1598–1640

7357:(1970). "The Statecraft of Olivares". In Elliot; Koenisburger (eds.). 1319:, a religious advisor to Philip IV during the second half of his reign 14817: 12570: 12525: 11634: 10958: 10839: 10708: 10239: 10229: 9661: 9318: 9307: 1685:

to commemorate his life. In his will, Philip left political power as

1374:

Instead, Philip turned to a better-established female mystic, Sister

1364: 1000: 878: 635: 592: 588: 579:, all central parts of royal public life at court during the period. 12005: 9104: 8806: 8710:

Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France

8198:

III Jornadas de Historia de Ayamonte (Ayamonte, 1998), 187–213, 209.

1710: 1445:, he was styled "Don Philip the Fourth, by the grace of God king of 419:; 8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665), also called the 11090: 10234: 8715:

Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France

7359:

The Diversity of History: Essays in Honour of Sir Henry Butterfield

2990: 1817: 1368: 1161: 945: 560: 8761:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

3294: 981: 12036: 2892:"Habsburg, Elisabeth (eigentlich Isabella von Oesterreich)" 1287:

alone resulted in major works by Velázquez and the French etcher

1228: 1074: 995: 941: 917: 670: 572: 552: 349: 14431:* also an infante of Castile and León, Aragon, Sicily and Naples 7404:

Queenship and Political Power in Medieval and Early Modern Spain

2924: 1693:

committee established for this purpose. This committee excluded

692:

portrait of Philip's most prominent favourite and minister, the

10181: 10163: 7277:. "Enemies of Flattery: Velázquez' Portraits of Philip IV". In 1969: 1686: 1133: 1118: 861: 508:. In 1615, at the age of 10, Philip was married to 13-year-old 191: 3285: 3283: 844:

were savagely cut, and the fight against the French-supported

7458:

Velázquez's King Philip IV of Spain from the Frick Collection

7329:

For the Common Good: Popular Politics in Barcelona, 1580–1640

2953: 2861: 584: 3154: 3095:"Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (Königin von Spanien)" 3047: 3045: 1897:(6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700) married 1085:

efforts to regulate priests' sexual behaviour more tightly.

531:, also known as Mariana, Philip's niece and the daughter of 8780:. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 3280: 2872:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1082: 748: 625: 11889: 3376:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 3125: 1154:

Gaspar Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 9th Duke of Medina Sidonia

7395:

Spanish Naval Power, 1589–1665: Reconstruction and Defeat

3042: 2944: 2942: 881:

finally brought the war with France to a conclusion. The

3346:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 122 – via 3206:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 120 – via 3191: 3145: 3143: 3108:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 151 – via 3071:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 151 – via 3005:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 352 – via 2905:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 167 – via 1915:

With María Manrique, daughter of the marqués de Charela

1873:(12 July 1651 – 12 March 1673), married 3331: 3309:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 23 – via 3272:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 13 – via 3169:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 20 – via 2968:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 19 – via 948:. The Ayamonte junta consisted of six members, and Don 797:. This would lead Philip to renew hostilities with the 14525: 14463:

also a prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke in Saxony

12560:

consort to an Infanta naturalized as a Spanish Infante

7267:

War and Society in Europe of the Old Regime, 1618–1789

2939: 2832: 2830: 1955:

Ana Margarita de Austria (1641-1699), Prioress of the

1347:

Monarchs during the period also had a key role in the

1136:'s nobles expelled Philip, and gave the throne to the 13653:

Infanta Isabel, Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Spain

8027: 8025: 3140: 2918: 2916: 1529:

of the Ocean, archduke of Austria, duke of Burgundy,

1386:, also protected her writings from later censorship. 653:

A 1623 portrait of Philip, displaying the prominent "

409:

Felipe Domingo Victor de la Cruz de Austria y Austria

340:

Felipe Domingo Victor de la Cruz de Austria y Austria

14880: 8802:. Vol. XVIII (9th ed.). 1885. p. 746. 7505:

The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road, 1567–1659

3018: 3016: 1888:(28 November 1657 – 1 November 1661) 14439:

also an infante of Spain and an archduke of Austria

8736:(in Spanish). Ediciones Albores. pp. 189–191. 8402: 8400: 3219: 3217: 2827: 1841:(17 October 1629 – 9 October 1646), 1367:and visionaries from across Europe to his court at 817:to the Netherlands but at the cost of antagonising 11551: 11283: 8138: 8136: 8022: 7779: 7777: 7523:Spain, Europe and the "Spanish Miracle", 1700–1900 7296:"The Nature of Spanish Government After Philip II" 3339:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich 3322: 3320: 3302:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich 3265:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich 3259:"Habsburg, Margaretha (Königin von Spanien)" 3248: 3246: 3199:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich 3182: 3180: 3162:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich 3101:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich 3064:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich 3058:"Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (1528–1587)" 2998:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich 2961:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich 2935:. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 2913: 2898:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich 1968:Fernando Valdés (1638-1702), married, Governor of 1525:, the Eastern and Western Indies, the islands and 1096:Philip had clear intentions to try to control the 888: 563:, although modern scholars attribute his death to 8703: 8553: 8551: 7471:. Vol. 2 Spain and America. pp. 62–145. 3013: 1398:, Philip was styled "Philip, by the grace of God 15081: 14100:Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Portugal and Asturias 8671:. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. p. 302. 8397: 8067: 7613:Philip IV and the Government of Spain, 1621–1665 7550:Philip IV and the Government of Spain, 1621–1665 7383: 3344:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire 3307:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire 3270:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire 3214: 3204:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire 3167:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire 3121: 3119: 3106:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire 3069:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire 3003:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire 2966:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire 2903:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire 2881: 2879: 1836:Balthasar Charles of Austria, Infante of Spain, 1300:in Madrid, parts of which still remain near the 960:Philip was also notable for his interest in the 773:Philip was to reign through the majority of the 632:Francisco de Sandoval y Rojas, 1st Duke of Lerma 614:(La Calderona), with whom he had a son in 1629, 15200:Grand masters of the Order of the Golden Fleece 15195:Burials in the Pantheon of Kings at El Escorial 12952:Maximilian Franz, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne 8213:(in Spanish). Ediciones Hidalguia. p. 669. 8133: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7774: 3354: 3317: 3243: 3177: 2981: 2979: 873:in 1659, and the marriage of Philip's daughter 13946:Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal and Asturias 8548: 2852: 2850: 1883:Philip Prospero of Austria, Infante of Spain, 996:Domestic policy and the crisis of the monarchy 769:portrait made during the height of his success 14866: 14511: 13615: 12586: 12021: 11252: 10974: 10724: 10407: 9858: 9592: 9334: 9120: 8653: 8651: 8626: 8624: 8622: 8620: 8583: 8581: 7699: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7634: 7632: 7260:. Albany: State University of New York Press. 3407: 3116: 3022: 2876: 1871:Margaret Theresa of Austria, Infanta of Spain 1613:The examples and perspective in this section 781:had convinced him to intervene militarily in 8568: 8566: 8417: 8415: 8175:The conspiracy of the Duke of Medina Sidonia 8155: 8153: 8151: 7873: 7863: 7861: 7836: 7834: 3084: 3082: 2976: 1952:(1636-1705), Bishop of Oviedo and of Cuenca. 1201:with the Count-Duke of Olivares outside the 8727: 7794: 7792: 7680: 7678: 7676: 2847: 599:'s texts on political history still exist. 14873: 14859: 14518: 14504: 13622: 13608: 12593: 12579: 12028: 12014: 11266: 11259: 11245: 10981: 10967: 10731: 10717: 10414: 10400: 9865: 9851: 9599: 9585: 9341: 9327: 9127: 9113: 8648: 8617: 8578: 8318: 8316: 8091: 8031: 7992: 7821: 7819: 7728: 7726: 7724: 7690: 7663: 7661: 7659: 7629: 7583:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 7511: 7431:Spain in the Age of Exploration, 1492–1819 7326: 3414: 3400: 3223: 1975:Juan Cossío (1640-1701), Augustinian monk. 1852:Maria Theresa of Austria, Infanta of Spain 1291:, in addition to various plays and books. 1148:. He was succeeded in Portugal in 1640 by 40: 12397:Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime 12300:Infante Pedro Carlos, Infante of Portugal 8563: 8530: 8518: 8412: 8406: 8148: 7956: 7944: 7896: 7858: 7831: 7783: 7744: 7638: 7615:. Cambridge University Press. p. 5. 7610: 7552:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7547: 7538: 7344: 7287:Art and History: Images and Their Meaning 3079: 2992:"Habsburg, Karl II. von Steiermark" 1795:Learn how and when to remove this message 1646:Learn how and when to remove this message 745:, became a royal favourite in his place. 489:portrait of Philip and his older sister, 13807:Infante João, Duke of Valencia de Campos 13629: 12341:Francisco de Asís, King Consort of Spain 10421: 8766: 8734:LAS REINAS MADRES DE LOS REYES DE ESPAÑA 8642: 8630: 8611: 8587: 8542: 8496:. Season 1. Episode 3. 14 February 2008. 8391: 8346: 8334: 8142: 8004: 7968: 7789: 7703: 7673: 7650: 7578: 7566: 7525:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7520: 7507:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7480:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7428: 7410: 7397:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7370:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7289:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7264: 3388: 3360: 3326: 3296:"Habsburg, Maria Anna von Spanien" 3289: 3252: 3186: 3149: 3088: 3051: 2985: 2948: 2885: 2856: 1867:(1634–1696) – his niece – married 1649: 1657: 1382:'s investigation of 1650. Philip's son, 1311: 1192: 1188: 1140:, marking the end of sixty years of the 1087: 999: 892: 752: 749:Foreign policy and the Thirty Years' War 680: 648: 626:Philip, Olivares and his royal favorites 514:Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares 477: 312:John Joseph, Governor of the Netherlands 9872: 9606: 8691: 8599: 8557: 8506: 8473: 8313: 8283: 8271: 8259: 8247: 8235: 8223: 7816: 7768: 7756: 7721: 7656: 7587: 7529: 7449:Spain, 1469–1714: A Society of Conflict 7401: 7392: 1158:rebellion against Philip from Andalusia 1036:, complete with the wider provinces of 236: 1615; died 1644) 14: 15082: 14246:Pedro I of Brazil & IV of Portugal 14034:Diogo, Prince of Portugal and Asturias 13639:The generations indicate descent from 12600: 12418:Infante Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies 12351:Infante Sebastián, Infante of Portugal 12045:The generations indicate descent from 10988: 10738: 9348: 8807:La Política Internacional de Felipe IV 8572: 8461: 8421: 8307: 8295: 8210:Revista Hidalguía número 131. Año 1975 8177:by Luis Salas Almela (2013) Page 60. 8159: 8115: 8103: 8079: 8043: 8016: 7980: 7932: 7920: 7908: 7884: 7867: 7840: 7810: 7732: 7684: 7502: 7493: 7475: 7374: 7365: 7353: 7293: 7255: 7214: 1307: 14854: 14499: 14356:Infante Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza 14047:Manuel, Hereditary Prince of Portugal 13941:Afonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal 13661:Infanta Catarina, Duchess of Braganza 13603: 12865:Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias 12574: 12035: 12009: 11888: 11550: 11282: 11240: 10962: 10712: 10395: 9846: 9580: 9322: 9134: 9108: 8666: 8370: 8358: 8322: 8170: 8168: 8127: 8055: 7852: 7798: 7715: 7667: 7487:Seventeenth Century Europe, 1598–1700 7484: 7464: 7446: 7437: 7335: 7186: 7184: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7159: 7157: 7155: 7153: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7145: 7143: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7129: 7127: 7125: 7123: 7121: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7113: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7075: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7047: 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6394: 6392: 6390: 6388: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6356: 6339: 6337: 6324: 6322: 6309: 6307: 6294: 6292: 6279: 6277: 6264: 6262: 6249: 6247: 6234: 6232: 6219: 6217: 6204: 6202: 6189: 6187: 6174: 6172: 6159: 6157: 6144: 6034: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5928: 5926: 5924: 5908: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5885: 5883: 5881: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5850: 5837: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5811: 5798: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5738: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5634: 5632: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5341: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5180: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5048: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4975: 4973: 4960: 4958: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4874: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4758: 4756: 4743: 4741: 4722: 4720: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4637: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4544: 4542: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4477: 4475: 4464: 4462: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4435: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4277: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4170: 4168: 4155: 4153: 4140: 4138: 4125: 4123: 4110: 4108: 4089: 4087: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4050: 3992: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3891: 3889: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3775: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3618: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 2922: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2697: 2695: 2680: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2542: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2500: 2479: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2411: 2397: 2382: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2355: 2353: 2338: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2311: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2207: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2172: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2130: 2113: 2087: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2030: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1199:Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias 852:, delivered by Olivares' replacement 284:Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias 14387:Infante Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza 13889:Infante Diogo, Constable of Portugal 13874:Infante Pedro, Constable of Portugal 12973:Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany 12321:Infante Antonio, Duke of Montpensier 10697:Debatable or disputed rulers are in 7825: 7455: 7422:Court of Philip IV: Spain in Decline 7419: 7273: 3126:Sigmund Ritter von Riezler (1897), " 1733:adding citations to reliable sources 1704: 1599: 1564: 676:Cristóbal de Sandoval, Duke of Uceda 294:Margaret Theresa, Holy Roman Empress 13843:Infante João, Constable of Portugal 13702:Infante Fernando, Count of Flanders 13165:Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany 12870:Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias 12326:Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin 12145:Felipe Próspero, Prince of Asturias 12140:Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Asturias 7361:. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 7331:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 3367:"Charles II. (King of Spain)" 2955:"Habsburg, Maria von Spanien" 1557:Don Philip the Third ", for short. 1389: 299:Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias 62: 24: 14837: 14527:Princes and Princesses of Asturias 14241:Francisco António, Prince of Beira 13749:Infante Afonso, Lord of Portalegre 13033:Karl Ambrosius, Primate of Hungary 8930:31 March 1621 – 17 September 1665 8911:31 March 1621 – 17 September 1665 8435:"King John IV - Convent of Christ" 8165: 7442:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 7415:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 7388:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 7312:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1963.tb00234.x 3156:"Habsburg, Maria von Bayern" 1617:include all significant viewpoints 1092:An 18th-century portrait of Philip 944:district from his headquarters in 25: 15226: 14455:also an imperial prince of Brazil 14013:Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães 13977:Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães 13884:Cardinal-Infante Jaime of Coimbra 13064:Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany 12479:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria 12428:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera 12387:Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera 12377:Infante Gaetan, Count of Girgenti 9003:13 July 1621 – 17 September 1665 8784: 7534:. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield. 1957:Royal Monastery of La Encarnación 1865:Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria 807:retaking of the key city of Breda 595:. His handwritten translation of 533:Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor 15110:17th-century Portuguese monarchs 15068: 14882:Princes and Princesses of Girona 14333:Infante Augusto, Duke of Coimbra 14285:Infante Miguel, Duke of Braganza 13962:Infante Fernando, Duke of Guarda 13812:Infante Dinis, Lord of Cifuentes 12510:Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria 12484:Infante Álvaro, Duke of Galliera 12469:Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona 12433:Infante Luis Fernando of Orléans 12346:Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville 12239:Infante Felipe, Duke of Calabria 11935: 11633: 11375: 10495: 9651: 9403: 9186: 8861:31 March 1621 – 1 December 1640 8754: 8730:"V. Marina de Austria y Austria" 8728:Neila Neila, José María (2022). 7424:. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 7338:Spain in the Seventeenth Century 2929:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 1989:Ancestors of Philip IV of Spain 1709: 1604: 1568: 791:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor 473: 394: 15215:Children of Philip III of Spain 15140:17th-century Navarrese monarchs 15135:17th-century monarchs of Naples 15125:17th-century Aragonese monarchs 15120:17th-century Castilian monarchs 14142:Infante Francisco, Duke of Beja 14008:João Manuel, Prince of Portugal 13879:Infante João, Prince of Antioch 13869:Infante Fernando, Duke of Viseu 13838:Infante Henrique, Duke of Viseu 13728:Infante Fernando, Lord of Serpa 12331:Infante Juan, Count of Montizón 12290:Infante Carlos, Count of Molina 12223:Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón 9014:13 July 1621 – 7 November 1659 8721: 8697: 8685: 8660: 8636: 8605: 8593: 8536: 8524: 8512: 8500: 8479: 8467: 8455: 8427: 8385: 8376: 8364: 8352: 8340: 8328: 8301: 8289: 8277: 8265: 8253: 8241: 8229: 8217: 8201: 8192: 8183: 8121: 8109: 8097: 8085: 8073: 8061: 8049: 8037: 8010: 7998: 7986: 7974: 7962: 7950: 7938: 7926: 7914: 7902: 7890: 7846: 7804: 7762: 7750: 7433:. University of Nebraska Press. 7248: 1963:Alfonso Enríquez de Santo Tomás 1816:) — married 18 October 1615 at 1720:needs additional citations for 1077:in Spain, extended the dormant 955: 889:Philip and the Spanish military 543:, born in 1651, and the future 431:from 1621 to his death and (as 255: 233: 14152:Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém 13972:Henrique I (The Cardinal-King) 13833:Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra 13770:Infante Afonso, Lord of Leiria 13697:Infante Pedro, Count of Urgell 12464:Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia 12392:Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid 12249:Fernando I of the Two Sicilies 8732:. In Ediciones Albores (ed.). 7738: 7709: 7644: 7604: 3193:"Habsburg, Philipp III." 3133:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 3128:Wilhelm V. (Herzog von Bayern) 1965:(1631-1692), Bishop of Málaga. 1664:Monument to Philip IV of Spain 1081:on luxury goods and supported 1025:, the autonomous provinces of 721:, and introducing a system of 454:By the time of his death, the 289:Maria Theresa, Queen of France 48:Portrait of Philip IV in Fraga 13: 1: 15115:17th-century Spanish monarchs 14380:Infante Afonso, Duke of Porto 14340:Infante Miguel, Duke of Viseu 12738:Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias 12555:title granted by Royal Decree 12438:Infante Jaime, Duke of Madrid 7598: 7345:Davenport, France G. (2004). 7256:Aercke, Kristiaan P. (1994). 4732: 4180: 4099: 3682: 3551: 3333:"Habsburg, Philipp IV." 2837:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 1901:, no issue. Married secondly 1875:Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor 940:was tasked with managing the 811:War of the Mantuan Succession 763: 759:Philip IV in Brown and Silver 686: 483: 15210:17th-century philanthropists 15190:Knights of the Golden Fleece 15130:17th-century kings of Sicily 14273:João Carlos, Prince of Beira 13920:Infante Diogo, Duke of Viseu 13643:, and continues through the 12423:Infante Ferdinand of Bavaria 12083:Fernando, Prince of Asturias 7590:Rebels and Rulers, 1500–1660 7539:Stevenson, R. A. M. (1912). 7451:. Harlow: Pearson Education. 7349:. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. 7327:Corteguera, Luis R. (2002). 1950:Alonso Antonio de San Martín 1683:catafalque was built in Rome 1533:, Milan, count of Habsburg, 1263:produced work extolling the 1008:Philip had inherited a huge 856:, resolved the long-running 500:, and was the eldest son of 7: 15025:Infante Michael of Portugal 13915:Infante João, Duke of Viseu 13571:also an infante of Portugal 12733:Charles, Prince of Asturias 12459:Alfonso, Prince of Asturias 8793:"Philip IV. of Spain" 8667:Baker, Christopher (2002). 7496:Europe in Crisis, 1598–1648 7294:Carter, Charles H. (1963). 1981: 1438:of the Spains," for short. 827:Battle of Nördlingen (1634) 273: 10: 15231: 14321:Infante João, Duke of Beja 14106:Teodósio, Prince of Brazil 14003:Filipe, Prince of Portugal 13998:Manuel, Prince of Portugal 13993:Afonso, Prince of Portugal 13957:Infante Luís, Duke of Beja 13205:Archduke Ladislaus Philipp 13018:Francis IV, Duke of Modena 12798:Charles, Bishop of Wroclaw 12295:Infante Francisco de Paula 12078:Carlos, Prince of Asturias 11839:House of Habsburg-Lorraine 8986:Count Palatine of Burgundy 7579:Williams, Patrick (2006). 7512:Polisensky, J. V. (1971). 7411:Haliczer, Stephen (2002). 1330:Nuestra Señora del Milagro 1214:Pedro Calderón de la Barca 1146:Portuguese Restoration War 968:in 1630, for example. The 950:Matías González de Medrano 938:9th Duke of Medina Sidonia 498:Royal Palace of Valladolid 496:Philip IV was born in the 164:Royal Palace of Valladolid 27:King of Spain and Portugal 15066: 14937:Infante Balthasar Charles 14888: 14835: 14533: 14471:also a prince of Braganza 14428: 14405:Luís Filipe, Prince Royal 14397: 14366: 14301: 14265: 14233: 14212: 14196: 14160: 14124: 14092: 14077:Cardinal-Infante Fernando 14057: 14021: 13985: 13933: 13897: 13856: 13820: 13794: 13778: 13757: 13736: 13710: 13684: 13668: 13637: 13559: 13534: 13527: 13487: 13480: 13460: 13444: 13406: 13399: 13372: 13319: 13301: 13294: 13213: 13137: 13124:Francis V, Duke of Modena 13041: 12960: 12924: 12898: 12857: 12806: 12743:Diego, Prince of Asturias 12725: 12694: 12673: 12657: 12641: 12615: 12608: 12550: 12534: 12518: 12492: 12451: 12410: 12402:Carlos III, Duke of Parma 12364: 12313: 12277: 12269:Fernando I, Duke of Parma 12231: 12190: 12174: 12158: 12132: 12101: 12088:Diego, Prince of Asturias 12070: 12054: 12043: 11944: 11933: 11902: 11898: 11891:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 11884: 11837: 11806: 11783: 11760: 11690: 11642: 11631: 11564: 11560: 11546: 11475: 11430: 11407: 11384: 11373: 11298:Elder House of Luxembourg 11296: 11292: 11278: 11025: 10996: 10946: 10746: 10695: 10594: 10565: 10504: 10493: 10429: 10370: 10321: 10282: 10258: 10204: 10180: 10162: 10139: 10102: 10069: 10026: 9993: 9910: 9884: 9822: 9784: 9728: 9660: 9649: 9618: 9556: 9513: 9475: 9412: 9401: 9360: 9233: 9195: 9184: 9155: 9142: 9092: 9084: 9074: 9065: 9057: 9052: 9042: 9033: 9025: 9007: 8953: 8949:1659 – 17 September 1665 8942: 8934: 8923: 8913: 8892: 8882: 8873: 8863: 8854: 8846: 8841: 8814: 8772:Philip IV., king of Spain 7611:Stradling, R. A. (2002). 7548:Stradling, R. A. (1988). 7503:Parker, Geoffrey (2004). 7494:Parker, Geoffrey (1984). 7468:Spain Under the Habsburgs 7379:. Cambridge: Canto Press. 7085: 7083: 7081: 7073: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7061: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6830: 6828: 6826: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6804: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6718: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6530: 6528: 6526: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6498: 6496: 6494: 6488: 6486: 6484: 6476: 6472: 6470: 6468: 6464: 6456: 6452: 6450: 6448: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6386: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6372: 6370: 6366: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6078: 6076: 6074: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6032: 6028: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6008: 6004: 5996: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5984: 5976: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5954: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5922: 5918: 5916: 5914: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5736: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5698: 5696: 5660: 5658: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5339: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5178: 5176: 5046: 5044: 5020: 5018: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4872: 4870: 4862: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4850: 4826: 4824: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4635: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4589: 4587: 4433: 4431: 4423: 4421: 4365: 4363: 4355: 4353: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4275: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4247: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3990: 3988: 3980: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3773: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3745: 3616: 3614: 2923:Kurth, Godefroid (1911). 2745: 2743: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2619: 2617: 2593: 2591: 2579: 2573: 2571: 2565: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2457: 2455: 2443: 2441: 2429: 2427: 2415: 2413: 2380: 2359: 2357: 2336: 2315: 2313: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2253: 2249: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2223: 2219: 2213: 2170: 2128: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2085: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2028: 1700: 1560: 1430:, etc." in full and "the 1144:and the beginning of the 1004:A 1656 portrait of Philip 932:left much to be desired. 634:, Philip III's principal 390: 380: 370: 360: 348: 339: 334: 330: 322:Alfonso, Bishop of Málaga 304:Charles II, King of Spain 266: 210: 198: 194:, Crown of Castile, Spain 181: 150: 146: 136: 126: 115: 101: 91: 81: 70: 56: 39: 34: 14447:also an infante of Spain 13905:João, Prince of Portugal 13589:also a prince of Belgium 13577:also a prince of Tuscany 13565:also an infante of Spain 12443:Roberto I, Duke of Parma 12356:Carlos II, Duke of Parma 12264:Infante Francisco Javier 11946:House of Nassau-Weilburg 11644:House of Valois-Burgundy 8965: 7530:Robbins, Jeremy (1998). 7521:Ringrose, David (1998). 7429:Ishikawa, Chiyo (2004). 7265:Anderson, M. S. (1988). 3328:Wurzbach, Constantin von 3291:Wurzbach, Constantin von 3254:Wurzbach, Constantin von 3231:Neue Deutsche Biographie 3188:Wurzbach, Constantin von 3151:Wurzbach, Constantin von 3090:Wurzbach, Constantin von 3053:Wurzbach, Constantin von 3030:Neue Deutsche Biographie 2987:Wurzbach, Constantin von 2950:Wurzbach, Constantin von 2887:Wurzbach, Constantin von 1812:(1602–1644, daughter of 1443:Treaty of Münster (1648) 317:Alonso, Bishop of Cuenca 15145:Spanish Roman Catholics 14929:Infante Philip Prospero 14418:Afonso, Prince of Beira 14168:Pedro, Prince of Brazil 13967:Cardinal-Infante Afonso 13583:also a prince of Modena 12880:Ferdinand IV of Hungary 12259:Infante Antonio Pascual 12218:Felipe I, Duke of Parma 8799:Encyclopædia Britannica 8777:Encyclopædia Britannica 7588:Zagorin, Perez (1992). 7543:. London: G. Bell Sons. 7393:Goodman, David (2002). 7226:Habsburg family website 3373:Encyclopædia Britannica 2869:Encyclopædia Britannica 2842:Encyclopædia Britannica 1396:Treaty of Madrid (1630) 15160:People from Valladolid 15155:Spanish Baroque people 14842: 14348:Infante Francisco José 14220:José, Prince of Brazil 14132:João, Prince of Brazil 13150:Maximilian I of Mexico 13145:Emperor Franz Joseph I 11904:House of Orange-Nassau 11726:Isabella Clara Eugenia 8961:Isabella Clara Eugenia 8490:"The Mystical North". 7485:Munck, Thomas (1990). 7377:Richelieu and Olivares 7375:Elliot, J. H. (1991). 7366:Elliot, J. H. (1984). 7336:Darby, Graham (1994). 7222:"Habsburg family tree" 3023:Press, Volker (1990), 1934:John Joseph of Austria 1899:Marie Louise d'Orléans 1670: 1320: 1233:Treaty of the Pyrenees 1227:, who originated from 1205: 1107:Spanish treasure fleet 1093: 1005: 909: 871:Treaty of the Pyrenees 770: 743:Ramiro Núñez de Guzmán 696: 694:Count-Duke of Olivares 658: 597:Francesco Guicciardini 493: 470:as King of Portugal. 416: 408: 14841: 13129:Ferdinand Karl Viktor 13023:Ferdinand Karl Joseph 12382:Infante Luis Fernando 11409:House of Hohenstaufen 10909:Parthenopean Republic 9149:Monarchs' family tree 8880:31 March 1621 – 1641 8068:Fernándo-Armesto 2000 7476:MacKay, Ruth (1999). 7447:Kamen, Henry (2005). 7420:Hume, Martin (1907). 7406:. Aldershot: Ashgate. 3389:Male-line family tree 2932:Catholic Encyclopedia 1903:Maria Anna of Neuburg 1854:(1638–1683), married 1661: 1315: 1255:Philip was nicknamed 1196: 1189:Patronage of the arts 1091: 1003: 896: 756: 684: 652: 481: 14256:Infante Pedro Carlos 13631:Infantes of Portugal 12203:Infante Felipe Pedro 11785:House of Wittelsbach 10423:Monarchs of Portugal 8886:Louis XIII of France 8382:Parker, 2005, p. 81. 7572:The Thirty Years War 7514:The Thirty Years War 7489:. London: Macmillan. 7465:Lynch, John (1959). 7456:Knox, Giles (2022). 1744:"Philip IV of Spain" 1729:improve this article 1410:, the Indies, etc., 1353:Isabella of Portugal 897:Philip dressed as a 883:war against Portugal 787:Electoral Palatinate 443:, and his rule over 15205:Spanish art patrons 15185:Knights of Santiago 15180:Portuguese infantes 15170:Princes of Portugal 15165:Princes of Asturias 13359:Franz Karl Salvator 13221:Crown Prince Rudolf 13079:Frederick Ferdinand 13049:Emperor Ferdinand I 12875:Charles II of Spain 12748:Philip III of Spain 12665:Philip I of Castile 11285:County of Luxemburg 10382:King/Queen of Spain 10260:House of Trastámara 10104:House of Trastámara 9730:House of Trastámara 9477:House of Trastámara 9019:French royal domain 8938:Louis XIV of France 8850:Philip III of Spain 8816:Philip IV of Spain 8486:Andrew Graham-Dixon 6693:Archduke of Austria 6678:Archduke of Austria 6330:Archduke of Austria 6255:Archduke of Austria 6240:Archduke of Austria 6225:Archduke of Austria 5897:Archduke of Austria 5874:Archduke of Austria 4981:Archduke of Austria 4966:Archduke of Austria 3224:Eder, Karl (1961), 2527:Archduke of Austria 1943:Never legitimized: 1895:Charles II of Spain 1856:Louis XIV of France 1810:Elisabeth of France 1624:improve the article 1412:archduke of Austria 1308:Philip and religion 1285:re-capture of Breda 1277:Jan Miense Molenaer 1261:Spanish Netherlands 1218:perspective scenery 1197:A 1636 portrait of 978:Battle of the Downs 901:, accompanied by a 850:Peace of Westphalia 846:rebels in Catalonia 729:of royal councils. 727:Polysynodial System 545:Charles II of Spain 510:Elisabeth of France 506:Margaret of Austria 375:Margaret of Austria 365:Philip III of Spain 222:Elisabeth of France 18:Philip IV & III 15095:Philippine dynasty 15090:Philip IV of Spain 14843: 14786:Emanuele Filiberto 14278:Pedro II of Brazil 13542:Ferdinand Zvonimir 12814:Philip IV of Spain 12702:Philip II of Spain 12602:Austrian archdukes 11553:Duchy of Luxemburg 10990:Monarchs of Sicily 10740:Monarchs of Naples 9995:House of Champagne 9950:García Sánchez III 9414:House of Barcelona 9095:Prince of Portugal 9068:Prince of Asturias 9036:Prince of Piombino 8945:Count of Barcelona 8876:Count of Barcelona 8602:, pp. 169–170 8464:, pp. 262–263 8162:, pp. 101–103 7828:, pp. 379–384 7801:, pp. 213–214 7574:. London: Methuen. 7498:. London: Fontana. 7269:. London: Fontana. 6938:King of the Romans 6852:Prince of Asturias 6285:Margrave of Burgau 6270:Margrave of Burgau 6150:Prince of Asturias 2344:Holy Roman Emperor 2341:Maximilian II 2161:Holy Roman Emperor 2136:Holy Roman Emperor 1885:Prince of Asturias 1843:Prince of Asturias 1838:Prince of Asturias 1814:Henry IV of France 1671: 1580:. You can help by 1400:king of the Spains 1361:Council of Castile 1334:Virgin of Miracles 1321: 1297:Buen Retiro Palace 1206: 1203:Buen Retiro Palace 1156:attempted another 1094: 1006: 910: 877:to the young King 834:Spanish-French war 779:Baltasar de Zúñiga 771: 697: 664:Buen Retiro Palace 659: 640:Baltasar de Zúñiga 620:Prince of Asturias 494: 247:Mariana of Austria 15077: 15076: 15041:Infante Ferdinand 14969:Infante Ferdinand 14848: 14847: 14706:Balthasar Charles 14493: 14492: 14292:Infante Sebastião 14188:Infante Alexandre 13657:House of Braganza 13649:House of Habsburg 13597: 13596: 13555: 13554: 13523: 13522: 13476: 13475: 13416:Crown Prince Otto 13395: 13394: 13306:Emperor Charles I 13241:Leopold Ferdinand 12983:Alexander Leopold 12968:Emperor Francis I 12849:Sigismund Francis 12844:Ferdinand Charles 12788:Maximilian Ernest 12568: 12567: 12305:Luis I of Etruria 12037:Infantes of Spain 12003: 12002: 11999: 11998: 11995: 11994: 11880: 11879: 11876: 11875: 11869: 11861: 11853: 11830: 11822: 11808:House of Habsburg 11799: 11776: 11753: 11745: 11737: 11730: 11722: 11714: 11706: 11692:House of Habsburg 11683: 11674: 11666: 11658: 11626: 11618: 11607: 11596: 11588: 11580: 11542: 11541: 11538: 11537: 11531: 11523: 11515: 11507: 11499: 11491: 11468: 11460: 11449: 11423: 11400: 11368: 11360: 11352: 11344: 11336: 11328: 11320: 11312: 11234: 11233: 11027:Kingdom of Sicily 10956: 10955: 10950:Monarch of Sicily 10939: 10920: 10904: 10800: 10787: 10771: 10706: 10705: 10596:House of Braganza 10567:House of Habsburg 10431:House of Burgundy 10389: 10388: 10284:House of Habsburg 9940:García Sánchez II 9840: 9839: 9786:House of Habsburg 9662:House of Burgundy 9574: 9573: 9515:House of Habsburg 9316: 9315: 9136:Monarchs of Spain 9103: 9102: 9078:Balthasar Charles 9075:Succeeded by 9043:Succeeded by 8991:Count of Flanders 8914:Succeeded by 8883:Succeeded by 8864:Succeeded by 8836:17 September 1665 8821:House of Habsburg 8705:Anselm de Gibours 8440:Convent of Christ 7283:Rabb, Theodore K. 7279:Rotberg, Robert I 7246: 7245: 7228:. 28 October 2023 7203: 7202: 6849:Balthasar Charles 6690:Sigismund Francis 6675:Ferdinand Charles 6312:Maximilian Ernest 3547:Count of Habsburg 3422:House of Habsburg 3386: 3385: 2926:"Philip II" 2816: 2815: 1805: 1804: 1797: 1779: 1656: 1655: 1648: 1628:discuss the issue 1598: 1597: 1424:count of Habsburg 1404:Both the Sicilies 1325:Catholic religion 1242:Vincenzo Carducci 1152:. The next year, 1138:House of Braganza 858:Eighty Years' War 823:Protestant forces 795:Holy Roman Empire 775:Thirty Years' War 719:Thirty Years' War 575:and a devotee of 518:Balthasar Charles 449:Thirty Years' War 402: 401: 344: 343: 185:17 September 1665 76:17 September 1665 16:(Redirected from 15222: 15175:Spanish infantes 15072: 15071: 14875: 14868: 14861: 14852: 14851: 14840: 14520: 14513: 14506: 14497: 14496: 14487:claimant infante 14484: 14476: 14468: 14460: 14452: 14444: 14436: 14327:Infante Fernando 13848:Infante Fernando 13624: 13617: 13610: 13601: 13600: 13532: 13531: 13485: 13484: 13404: 13403: 13299: 13298: 13256:Leopold Salvator 13114:Rainer Ferdinand 12595: 12588: 12581: 12572: 12571: 12561: 12556: 12336:Infante Fernando 12119:Infante Fernando 12030: 12023: 12016: 12007: 12006: 11939: 11900: 11899: 11886: 11885: 11867: 11859: 11851: 11828: 11820: 11797: 11774: 11762:House of Bourbon 11751: 11743: 11735: 11728: 11720: 11712: 11704: 11681: 11672: 11664: 11656: 11637: 11624: 11613: 11602: 11594: 11586: 11578: 11566:House of Limburg 11562: 11561: 11548: 11547: 11529: 11521: 11513: 11505: 11497: 11489: 11477:House of Limburg 11466: 11455: 11444: 11421: 11398: 11379: 11366: 11358: 11350: 11342: 11334: 11326: 11318: 11310: 11294: 11293: 11280: 11279: 11261: 11254: 11247: 11238: 11237: 10998:County of Sicily 10983: 10976: 10969: 10960: 10959: 10937: 10918: 10902: 10798: 10785: 10769: 10733: 10726: 10719: 10710: 10709: 10665: 10634: 10499: 10416: 10409: 10402: 10393: 10392: 10323:House of Bourbon 10206:House of Bourbon 9930:García Sánchez I 9912:House of Jiménez 9885:House of Íñiguez 9867: 9860: 9853: 9844: 9843: 9824:House of Bourbon 9655: 9620:House of Jiménez 9601: 9594: 9587: 9578: 9577: 9558:House of Bourbon 9407: 9362:House of Jiménez 9343: 9336: 9329: 9320: 9319: 9190: 9145:List of monarchs 9129: 9122: 9115: 9106: 9105: 9085:Preceded by 9058:Preceded by 9026:Preceded by 8954:Preceded by 8935:Preceded by 8857:King of Portugal 8847:Preceded by 8837: 8830: 8812: 8811: 8803: 8795: 8781: 8760: 8758: 8757: 8748: 8747: 8725: 8719: 8718: 8701: 8695: 8689: 8683: 8682: 8664: 8658: 8655: 8646: 8640: 8634: 8628: 8615: 8614:, pp. 34–36 8609: 8603: 8597: 8591: 8585: 8576: 8570: 8561: 8555: 8546: 8540: 8534: 8528: 8522: 8516: 8510: 8509:, pp. 27–28 8504: 8498: 8497: 8483: 8477: 8471: 8465: 8459: 8453: 8452: 8450: 8448: 8431: 8425: 8419: 8410: 8404: 8395: 8389: 8383: 8380: 8374: 8368: 8362: 8356: 8350: 8344: 8338: 8332: 8326: 8320: 8311: 8305: 8299: 8293: 8287: 8281: 8275: 8269: 8263: 8257: 8251: 8245: 8239: 8233: 8227: 8221: 8215: 8214: 8205: 8199: 8196: 8190: 8187: 8181: 8172: 8163: 8157: 8146: 8140: 8131: 8125: 8119: 8113: 8107: 8101: 8095: 8089: 8083: 8077: 8071: 8065: 8059: 8053: 8047: 8041: 8035: 8029: 8020: 8014: 8008: 8002: 7996: 7990: 7984: 7978: 7972: 7966: 7960: 7954: 7948: 7942: 7936: 7930: 7924: 7918: 7912: 7906: 7900: 7894: 7888: 7882: 7871: 7865: 7856: 7850: 7844: 7838: 7829: 7823: 7814: 7808: 7802: 7796: 7787: 7781: 7772: 7766: 7760: 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3335: 3324: 3315: 3314: 3298: 3287: 3278: 3277: 3261: 3250: 3241: 3238:full text online 3235: 3221: 3212: 3211: 3195: 3184: 3175: 3174: 3158: 3147: 3138: 3137: 3123: 3114: 3113: 3097: 3086: 3077: 3076: 3060: 3049: 3040: 3037:full text online 3034: 3025:"Maximilian II." 3020: 3011: 3010: 2994: 2983: 2974: 2973: 2957: 2946: 2937: 2936: 2928: 2920: 2911: 2910: 2894: 2883: 2874: 2873: 2865: 2854: 2845: 2834: 2802: 2801: 2693: 2692: 2660: 2659: 2555: 2554: 2534: 2533: 2513: 2512: 2492: 2491: 2395: 2394: 2378: 2377: 2351: 2350: 2334: 2333: 2187: 2186: 2168: 2167: 2158:Ferdinand I 2143: 2142: 2126: 2125: 2043: 2042: 2036:Queen of Castile 2026: 2025: 1999: 1998: 1986: 1985: 1800: 1793: 1789: 1786: 1780: 1778: 1737: 1713: 1705: 1675:decline of Spain 1668:Plaza de Oriente 1651: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1631: 1608: 1607: 1600: 1593: 1590: 1572: 1565: 1459:the Two Sicilies 1416:duke of Burgundy 1390:Titles and style 1269:Sebastian Vrancx 1265:Army of Flanders 1183:retook Barcelona 1098:Spanish currency 970:Junta de Armadas 914:falta de cabezas 907:Caspar de Crayer 842:Army of Flanders 768: 767: 1631–1632 765: 691: 688: 541:Margarita Teresa 537:Habsburg Austria 488: 485: 437:King of Portugal 398: 332: 331: 277: 259: 257: 237: 235: 188: 172:Crown of Castile 160: 158: 122: 119:31 March 1621 – 103:King of Portugal 77: 74:31 March 1621 – 44: 32: 31: 21: 15230: 15229: 15225: 15224: 15223: 15221: 15220: 15219: 15080: 15079: 15078: 15073: 15069: 15064: 15057:Infante Alfonso 15049:Infante Charles 14993:Infante Charles 14977:Infante Charles 14921:Infante Charles 14913:Infante Alfonso 14884: 14879: 14849: 14844: 14838: 14833: 14714:Philip Prospero 14529: 14524: 14494: 14489: 14482: 14474: 14466: 14458: 14450: 14442: 14434: 14424: 14398:24th generation 14393: 14367:23rd generation 14362: 14302:22nd generation 14297: 14266:21st generation 14261: 14234:20th generation 14229: 14213:19th generation 14208: 14197:18th generation 14192: 14161:17th generation 14156: 14147:Infante António 14125:16th generation 14120: 14093:15th generation 14088: 14058:14th generation 14053: 14022:13th generation 14017: 13986:12th generation 13981: 13934:11th generation 13929: 13898:10th generation 13893: 13852: 13816: 13790: 13774: 13753: 13732: 13706: 13680: 13664: 13633: 13628: 13598: 13593: 13551: 13528:19th generation 13519: 13481:18th generation 13472: 13456: 13440: 13408: 13400:17th generation 13391: 13374: 13368: 13364:Hubert Salvator 13321: 13315: 13295:16th generation 13290: 13251:Peter Ferdinand 13246:Josef Ferdinand 13226:Franz Ferdinand 13214:15th generation 13209: 13190:Charles Stephen 13175:Ludwig Salvator 13138:14th generation 13133: 13042:13th generation 13037: 13013:Cardinal Rudolf 12961:12th generation 12956: 12925:11th generation 12920: 12894: 12853: 12839:Leopold Wilhelm 12802: 12721: 12690: 12669: 12653: 12637: 12611: 12604: 12599: 12569: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12546: 12535:16th generation 12530: 12519:15th generation 12514: 12505:Infante Alfonso 12493:14th generation 12488: 12474:Infante Gonzalo 12452:13th generation 12447: 12411:12th generation 12406: 12365:11th generation 12360: 12314:10th generation 12309: 12273: 12254:Infante Gabriel 12227: 12186: 12170: 12154: 12128: 12097: 12066: 12050: 12039: 12034: 12004: 11991: 11948: 11940: 11931: 11906: 11894: 11872: 11841: 11833: 11810: 11802: 11787: 11779: 11764: 11756: 11694: 11686: 11646: 11638: 11629: 11568: 11556: 11534: 11479: 11471: 11434: 11426: 11411: 11403: 11388: 11380: 11371: 11300: 11288: 11274: 11265: 11235: 11230: 11021: 10992: 10987: 10957: 10952: 10942: 10742: 10737: 10707: 10702: 10691: 10663: 10632: 10590: 10561: 10500: 10491: 10425: 10420: 10390: 10385: 10366: 10325:- Upper Navarre 10317: 10286:- Upper Navarre 10278: 10262:- Upper Navarre 10254: 10208:- Lower Navarre 10200: 10184:- Lower Navarre 10182:House of Albret 10176: 10164:House of Albret 10158: 10149:Francis Phoebus 10135: 10098: 10071:House of Évreux 10065: 10022: 9989: 9906: 9880: 9871: 9841: 9836: 9818: 9780: 9724: 9656: 9647: 9614: 9605: 9575: 9570: 9552: 9509: 9471: 9408: 9399: 9356: 9347: 9317: 9312: 9229: 9191: 9182: 9151: 9138: 9133: 9098: 9090: 9080: 9071: 9063: 9048: 9039: 9031: 9013: 9010:Count of Artois 9002: 8989: 8984: 8975: 8968:Duke of Brabant 8963: 8959: 8948: 8940: 8929: 8919: 8910: 8888: 8879: 8869: 8860: 8852: 8831: 8825: 8824: 8817: 8790: 8787: 8770:, ed. (1911). " 8755: 8753: 8751: 8744: 8726: 8722: 8702: 8698: 8690: 8686: 8679: 8665: 8661: 8656: 8649: 8641: 8637: 8629: 8618: 8610: 8606: 8598: 8594: 8586: 8579: 8571: 8564: 8556: 8549: 8541: 8537: 8529: 8525: 8517: 8513: 8505: 8501: 8489: 8484: 8480: 8472: 8468: 8460: 8456: 8446: 8444: 8443:(in Portuguese) 8433: 8432: 8428: 8420: 8413: 8405: 8398: 8390: 8386: 8381: 8377: 8369: 8365: 8357: 8353: 8345: 8341: 8333: 8329: 8321: 8314: 8306: 8302: 8294: 8290: 8282: 8278: 8270: 8266: 8258: 8254: 8246: 8242: 8234: 8230: 8222: 8218: 8207: 8206: 8202: 8197: 8193: 8188: 8184: 8173: 8166: 8158: 8149: 8141: 8134: 8126: 8122: 8114: 8110: 8102: 8098: 8092:Corteguera 2002 8090: 8086: 8078: 8074: 8066: 8062: 8054: 8050: 8042: 8038: 8032:Polisensky 1971 8030: 8023: 8015: 8011: 8003: 7999: 7993:Corteguera 2002 7991: 7987: 7979: 7975: 7967: 7963: 7955: 7951: 7943: 7939: 7931: 7927: 7919: 7915: 7907: 7903: 7895: 7891: 7883: 7874: 7866: 7859: 7851: 7847: 7839: 7832: 7824: 7817: 7809: 7805: 7797: 7790: 7782: 7775: 7767: 7763: 7755: 7751: 7743: 7739: 7731: 7722: 7714: 7710: 7702: 7691: 7683: 7674: 7666: 7657: 7649: 7645: 7637: 7630: 7623: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7596: 7560: 7275:Jonathan, Brown 7251: 7242: 7241: 7231: 7229: 7220: 7219: 7215: 7195: 7194: 7191: 7180: 7179: 7176: 6971: 6970: 6967: 6956: 6955: 6952: 6941: 6940: 6937: 6870: 6869: 6866: 6855: 6854: 6851: 6696: 6695: 6692: 6681: 6680: 6677: 6666: 6665: 6662: 6660:Leopold Wilhelm 6651: 6650: 6647: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6583: 6582: 6579: 6568: 6567: 6564: 6553: 6552: 6549: 6348: 6347: 6344: 6333: 6332: 6329: 6318: 6317: 6314: 6303: 6302: 6299: 6288: 6287: 6284: 6273: 6272: 6269: 6258: 6257: 6254: 6243: 6242: 6239: 6228: 6227: 6224: 6213: 6212: 6209: 6198: 6197: 6194: 6183: 6182: 6179: 6168: 6167: 6164: 6153: 6152: 6149: 5900: 5899: 5896: 5877: 5876: 5873: 5846: 5845: 5842: 5807: 5806: 5803: 5628: 5627: 5624: 5549: 5548: 5545: 5518: 5515: 5435: 5432: 5243: 5242: 5239: 5118: 5117: 5114: 5087: 5086: 5083: 4984: 4983: 4980: 4969: 4968: 4965: 4954: 4953: 4950: 4923: 4922: 4919: 4790: 4789: 4787:Duke of Austria 4786: 4767: 4766: 4764:Duke of Austria 4763: 4752: 4751: 4749:Duke of Austria 4748: 4735: 4731: 4730: 4728:Duke of Austria 4727: 4716: 4715: 4713:Duke of Austria 4712: 4553: 4552: 4550:Duke of Austria 4549: 4538: 4537: 4536:Duke of Austria 4535: 4517: 4516: 4514:Duke of Austria 4513: 4486: 4485: 4483:Duke of Austria 4482: 4471: 4470: 4458: 4457: 4455:Duke of Austria 4454: 4405:Leopoldian line 4403: 4400: 4375: 4372: 4183: 4179: 4178: 4175: 4164: 4163: 4161:Duke of Austria 4160: 4149: 4148: 4145: 4134: 4133: 4131:Duke of Austria 4130: 4119: 4118: 4116:Duke of Austria 4115: 4102: 4098: 4097: 4094: 4083: 4082: 4079: 3900: 3899: 3897:Duke of Austria 3896: 3885: 3884: 3866: 3865: 3862: 3685: 3681: 3680: 3677: 3554: 3550: 3549: 3546: 3483: 3480: 3420: 3391: 3382: 3381: 3359: 3355: 3325: 3318: 3288: 3281: 3251: 3244: 3226:"Ferdinand II." 3222: 3215: 3185: 3178: 3148: 3141: 3124: 3117: 3087: 3080: 3050: 3043: 3021: 3014: 2984: 2977: 2947: 2940: 2921: 2914: 2884: 2877: 2855: 2848: 2835: 2828: 2799: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2690: 2689: 2688: 2685: 2657: 2656: 2655: 2652: 2650:Philip III 2552: 2551: 2550: 2547: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2526: 2524:Charles II 2510: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2484: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2388:Duke of Bavaria 2387: 2375: 2374: 2373: 2370: 2348: 2347: 2346: 2343: 2331: 2330: 2329: 2326: 2184: 2183: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2165: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2140: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2123: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2040: 2039: 2038: 2035: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2019:King of Castile 2018: 1984: 1801: 1790: 1784: 1781: 1738: 1736: 1726: 1714: 1703: 1652: 1641: 1635: 1632: 1621: 1609: 1605: 1594: 1588: 1585: 1578:needs expansion 1563: 1392: 1376:María de Ágreda 1317:María de Ágreda 1310: 1246:Gonzales Coques 1225:Diego Velázquez 1191: 998: 958: 924:and elsewhere. 891: 867:loss of Dunkirk 789:on the side of 766: 751: 711:Giovanni Botero 689: 628: 608:María de Ágreda 604:Diego Velázquez 486: 476: 441:Diego Velázquez 326: 274:among others... 271: 270: 262: 261: 258: 1649) 253: 249: 239: 231: 227: 224: 206: 190: 186: 162: 156: 154: 121:1 December 1640 120: 111: 75: 66: 52: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15228: 15218: 15217: 15212: 15207: 15202: 15197: 15192: 15187: 15182: 15177: 15172: 15167: 15162: 15157: 15152: 15150:Lay Dominicans 15147: 15142: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15122: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15075: 15074: 15067: 15065: 15063: 15062: 15054: 15046: 15038: 15030: 15022: 15017:Infanta Joanna 15014: 15006: 15001:Infanta Joanna 14998: 14990: 14982: 14974: 14966: 14958: 14953:Infante Philip 14950: 14942: 14934: 14926: 14918: 14910: 14905:Infante Felipe 14901: 14900: 14898:(2014-present) 14894:Infanta Leonor 14889: 14886: 14885: 14878: 14877: 14870: 14863: 14855: 14846: 14845: 14836: 14834: 14832: 14831: 14823: 14815: 14807: 14799: 14791: 14783: 14775: 14767: 14759: 14751: 14743: 14735: 14727: 14719: 14711: 14703: 14695: 14687: 14679: 14671: 14663: 14655: 14647: 14639: 14631: 14623: 14615: 14607: 14599: 14591: 14583: 14575: 14567: 14559: 14551: 14543: 14534: 14531: 14530: 14523: 14522: 14515: 14508: 14500: 14491: 14490: 14429: 14426: 14425: 14423: 14422: 14414: 14408: 14401: 14399: 14395: 14394: 14392: 14391: 14383: 14377: 14370: 14368: 14364: 14363: 14361: 14360: 14352: 14344: 14336: 14330: 14324: 14318: 14312: 14305: 14303: 14299: 14298: 14296: 14295: 14289: 14281: 14275: 14269: 14267: 14263: 14262: 14260: 14259: 14253: 14248: 14243: 14237: 14235: 14231: 14230: 14228: 14227: 14222: 14216: 14214: 14210: 14209: 14207: 14206: 14200: 14198: 14194: 14193: 14191: 14190: 14185: 14180: 14178:Infante Carlos 14175: 14170: 14164: 14162: 14158: 14157: 14155: 14154: 14149: 14144: 14139: 14134: 14128: 14126: 14122: 14121: 14119: 14118: 14113: 14108: 14103: 14096: 14094: 14090: 14089: 14087: 14086: 14083:Infante Alonso 14080: 14074: 14071:Infante Carlos 14068: 14061: 14059: 14055: 14054: 14052: 14051: 14043: 14037: 14031: 14025: 14023: 14019: 14018: 14016: 14015: 14010: 14005: 14000: 13995: 13989: 13987: 13983: 13982: 13980: 13979: 13974: 13969: 13964: 13959: 13954: 13949: 13943: 13937: 13935: 13931: 13930: 13928: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13901: 13899: 13895: 13894: 13892: 13891: 13886: 13881: 13876: 13871: 13866: 13860: 13858: 13857:9th generation 13854: 13853: 13851: 13850: 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13824: 13822: 13821:8th generation 13818: 13817: 13815: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13798: 13796: 13795:7th generation 13792: 13791: 13789: 13788: 13782: 13780: 13779:6th generation 13776: 13775: 13773: 13772: 13767: 13761: 13759: 13758:5th generation 13755: 13754: 13752: 13751: 13746: 13740: 13738: 13737:4th generation 13734: 13733: 13731: 13730: 13725: 13720: 13714: 13712: 13711:3rd generation 13708: 13707: 13705: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13688: 13686: 13685:2nd generation 13682: 13681: 13679: 13678: 13672: 13670: 13669:1st generation 13666: 13665: 13638: 13635: 13634: 13627: 13626: 13619: 13612: 13604: 13595: 13594: 13592: 13591: 13585: 13579: 13573: 13567: 13560: 13557: 13556: 13553: 13552: 13550: 13549: 13544: 13538: 13536: 13529: 13525: 13524: 13521: 13520: 13518: 13517: 13512: 13507: 13502: 13497: 13491: 13489: 13482: 13478: 13477: 13474: 13473: 13471: 13470: 13464: 13462: 13458: 13457: 13455: 13454: 13448: 13446: 13442: 13441: 13439: 13438: 13433: 13428: 13423: 13418: 13412: 13410: 13401: 13397: 13396: 13393: 13392: 13390: 13389: 13384: 13378: 13376: 13370: 13369: 13367: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13325: 13323: 13317: 13316: 13314: 13313: 13308: 13302: 13296: 13292: 13291: 13289: 13288: 13286:Joseph Francis 13283: 13278: 13273: 13268: 13266:Albrecht Franz 13263: 13261:Franz Salvator 13258: 13253: 13248: 13243: 13238: 13236:Ferdinand Karl 13233: 13228: 13223: 13217: 13215: 13211: 13210: 13208: 13207: 13202: 13197: 13192: 13187: 13182: 13177: 13172: 13167: 13162: 13157: 13152: 13147: 13141: 13139: 13135: 13134: 13132: 13131: 13126: 13121: 13119:Heinrich Anton 13116: 13111: 13106: 13101: 13099:Leopold Ludwig 13096: 13091: 13086: 13081: 13076: 13074:Karl Ferdinand 13071: 13066: 13061: 13056: 13051: 13045: 13043: 13039: 13038: 13036: 13035: 13030: 13025: 13020: 13015: 13010: 13005: 13000: 12995: 12990: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12970: 12964: 12962: 12958: 12957: 12955: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12937:Charles Joseph 12934: 12928: 12926: 12922: 12921: 12919: 12918: 12913: 12911:Leopold Joseph 12908: 12902: 12900: 12899:9th generation 12896: 12895: 12893: 12892: 12890:Charles Joseph 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12861: 12859: 12858:8th generation 12855: 12854: 12852: 12851: 12846: 12841: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12810: 12808: 12807:7th generation 12804: 12803: 12801: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12785: 12780: 12775: 12770: 12768:Maximilian III 12765: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12740: 12735: 12729: 12727: 12726:6th generation 12723: 12722: 12720: 12719: 12714: 12709: 12704: 12698: 12696: 12695:5th generation 12692: 12691: 12689: 12688: 12683: 12677: 12675: 12674:4th generation 12671: 12670: 12668: 12667: 12661: 12659: 12658:3rd generation 12655: 12654: 12652: 12651: 12645: 12643: 12642:2nd generation 12639: 12638: 12636: 12635: 12630: 12625: 12619: 12617: 12616:1st generation 12613: 12612: 12609: 12606: 12605: 12598: 12597: 12590: 12583: 12575: 12566: 12565: 12563: 12562: 12557: 12551: 12548: 12547: 12545: 12544: 12538: 12536: 12532: 12531: 12529: 12528: 12522: 12520: 12516: 12515: 12513: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12496: 12494: 12490: 12489: 12487: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12461: 12455: 12453: 12449: 12448: 12446: 12445: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12414: 12412: 12408: 12407: 12405: 12404: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12374: 12368: 12366: 12362: 12361: 12359: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12343: 12338: 12333: 12328: 12323: 12317: 12315: 12311: 12310: 12308: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12281: 12279: 12278:9th generation 12275: 12274: 12272: 12271: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12246: 12241: 12235: 12233: 12232:8th generation 12229: 12228: 12226: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12194: 12192: 12191:7th generation 12188: 12187: 12185: 12184: 12178: 12176: 12175:6th generation 12172: 12171: 12169: 12168: 12162: 12160: 12159:5th generation 12156: 12155: 12153: 12152: 12147: 12142: 12136: 12134: 12133:4th generation 12130: 12129: 12127: 12126: 12124:Infante Alonso 12121: 12116: 12114:Infante Carlos 12111: 12105: 12103: 12102:3rd generation 12099: 12098: 12096: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12074: 12072: 12071:2nd generation 12068: 12067: 12065: 12064: 12058: 12056: 12055:1st generation 12052: 12051: 12044: 12041: 12040: 12033: 12032: 12025: 12018: 12010: 12001: 12000: 11997: 11996: 11993: 11992: 11990: 11989: 11983: 11977: 11971: 11968:Marie-Adélaïde 11965: 11959: 11952: 11950: 11949:(1890–present) 11942: 11941: 11934: 11932: 11930: 11929: 11923: 11917: 11910: 11908: 11896: 11895: 11882: 11881: 11878: 11877: 11874: 11873: 11871: 11870: 11862: 11854: 11845: 11843: 11835: 11834: 11832: 11831: 11823: 11814: 11812: 11804: 11803: 11801: 11800: 11791: 11789: 11781: 11780: 11778: 11777: 11768: 11766: 11758: 11757: 11755: 11754: 11746: 11738: 11723: 11715: 11707: 11698: 11696: 11688: 11687: 11685: 11684: 11676: 11667: 11659: 11650: 11648: 11640: 11639: 11632: 11630: 11628: 11627: 11619: 11608: 11597: 11589: 11581: 11572: 11570: 11558: 11557: 11544: 11543: 11540: 11539: 11536: 11535: 11533: 11532: 11524: 11516: 11508: 11500: 11492: 11483: 11481: 11473: 11472: 11470: 11469: 11461: 11450: 11438: 11436: 11432:House of Namur 11428: 11427: 11425: 11424: 11415: 11413: 11405: 11404: 11402: 11401: 11392: 11390: 11386:House of Namur 11382: 11381: 11374: 11372: 11370: 11369: 11361: 11353: 11345: 11337: 11329: 11321: 11313: 11304: 11302: 11290: 11289: 11276: 11275: 11264: 11263: 11256: 11249: 11241: 11232: 11231: 11229: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11211:Victor Amadeus 11208: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11118: 11113: 11108: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11073: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11032: 11030: 11023: 11022: 11020: 11019: 11014: 11009: 11003: 11001: 10994: 10993: 10986: 10985: 10978: 10971: 10963: 10954: 10953: 10947: 10944: 10943: 10941: 10940: 10931: 10926: 10921: 10912: 10905: 10896: 10890: 10884: 10878: 10872: 10866: 10860: 10854: 10848: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10822: 10817: 10811: 10806: 10801: 10793: 10788: 10780: 10775: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10747: 10744: 10743: 10736: 10735: 10728: 10721: 10713: 10704: 10703: 10696: 10693: 10692: 10690: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10627: 10622: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10601: 10599: 10592: 10591: 10589: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10572: 10570: 10563: 10562: 10560: 10559: 10552: 10547: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10511: 10509: 10502: 10501: 10494: 10492: 10490: 10489: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10436: 10434: 10427: 10426: 10419: 10418: 10411: 10404: 10396: 10387: 10386: 10378:King of France 10374:King of Aragon 10371: 10368: 10367: 10365: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10328: 10326: 10319: 10318: 10316: 10315: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10289: 10287: 10280: 10279: 10277: 10276: 10271: 10265: 10263: 10256: 10255: 10253: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10211: 10209: 10202: 10201: 10199: 10198: 10193: 10187: 10185: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10174: 10168: 10166: 10160: 10159: 10157: 10156: 10151: 10145: 10143: 10137: 10136: 10134: 10133: 10128: 10121: 10114: 10108: 10106: 10100: 10099: 10097: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10075: 10073: 10067: 10066: 10064: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10032: 10030: 10028:House of Capet 10024: 10023: 10021: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 9999: 9997: 9991: 9990: 9988: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9975:García Ramírez 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9916: 9914: 9908: 9907: 9905: 9904: 9899: 9897:García Íñiguez 9894: 9888: 9886: 9882: 9881: 9870: 9869: 9862: 9855: 9847: 9838: 9837: 9835: 9834: 9828: 9826: 9820: 9819: 9817: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9790: 9788: 9782: 9781: 9779: 9778: 9769: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9734: 9732: 9726: 9725: 9723: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9666: 9664: 9658: 9657: 9650: 9648: 9646: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9624: 9622: 9616: 9615: 9604: 9603: 9596: 9589: 9581: 9572: 9571: 9569: 9568: 9562: 9560: 9554: 9553: 9551: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9519: 9517: 9511: 9510: 9508: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9481: 9479: 9473: 9472: 9470: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9418: 9416: 9410: 9409: 9402: 9400: 9398: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9366: 9364: 9358: 9357: 9346: 9345: 9338: 9331: 9323: 9314: 9313: 9311: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9239: 9237: 9231: 9230: 9228: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9201: 9199: 9197:Personal union 9193: 9192: 9185: 9183: 9181: 9180: 9171: 9161: 9159: 9157:Dynastic union 9153: 9152: 9143: 9140: 9139: 9132: 9131: 9124: 9117: 9109: 9101: 9100: 9091: 9086: 9082: 9081: 9076: 9073: 9064: 9059: 9055: 9054: 9050: 9049: 9044: 9041: 9032: 9027: 9023: 9022: 9015: 9005: 9004: 8964: 8955: 8951: 8950: 8941: 8936: 8932: 8931: 8921: 8920: 8915: 8912: 8890: 8889: 8884: 8881: 8871: 8870: 8865: 8862: 8853: 8848: 8844: 8843: 8842:Regnal titles 8839: 8838: 8818: 8815: 8810: 8809: 8804: 8786: 8785:External links 8783: 8768:Chisholm, Hugh 8750: 8749: 8742: 8720: 8696: 8684: 8677: 8659: 8647: 8635: 8616: 8604: 8592: 8577: 8562: 8547: 8535: 8531:Stevenson 1912 8523: 8519:Stevenson 1912 8511: 8499: 8478: 8466: 8454: 8426: 8411: 8407:Stradling 1988 8396: 8384: 8375: 8363: 8351: 8339: 8327: 8312: 8300: 8288: 8276: 8264: 8252: 8240: 8228: 8216: 8200: 8191: 8182: 8164: 8147: 8132: 8120: 8108: 8096: 8084: 8072: 8060: 8048: 8036: 8021: 8009: 7997: 7985: 7973: 7961: 7957:Stradling 1988 7949: 7945:Stradling 1988 7937: 7925: 7913: 7901: 7897:Stradling 1988 7889: 7872: 7857: 7845: 7830: 7815: 7803: 7788: 7784:Stevenson 1912 7773: 7761: 7749: 7745:Stradling 1988 7737: 7720: 7708: 7689: 7672: 7655: 7643: 7639:Stevenson 1912 7628: 7621: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7594: 7585: 7576: 7568:Wedgwood, C.V. 7564: 7558: 7545: 7536: 7527: 7518: 7516:. London: NEL. 7509: 7500: 7491: 7482: 7473: 7462: 7453: 7444: 7435: 7426: 7417: 7408: 7399: 7390: 7381: 7372: 7363: 7351: 7342: 7333: 7324: 7291: 7271: 7262: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7244: 7243: 7240: 7239: 7212: 7211: 7205: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7198: 7185: 7183: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7150: 7148: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7130: 7128: 7126: 7124: 7122: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7030: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7016: 7014: 7012: 7010: 7008: 7006: 7004: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6994: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6986: 6984: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6974: 6965:Charles Joseph 6961: 6959: 6946: 6944: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6913: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6873: 6860: 6858: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6835: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6773: 6771: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6741: 6739: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6731: 6729: 6727: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6699: 6686: 6684: 6671: 6669: 6656: 6654: 6641: 6639: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6588: 6586: 6573: 6571: 6558: 6556: 6543: 6541: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6435: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6421: 6419: 6417: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6351: 6338: 6336: 6323: 6321: 6308: 6306: 6293: 6291: 6278: 6276: 6263: 6261: 6248: 6246: 6233: 6231: 6222:Maximilian III 6218: 6216: 6203: 6201: 6188: 6186: 6173: 6171: 6158: 6156: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6085: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6077: 6075: 6073: 6071: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6013: 6011: 6009: 6007: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5975: 5973: 5971: 5969: 5967: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5882: 5880: 5867: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5812: 5810: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5699: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5527: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5246: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5121: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5084:the Posthumous 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4987: 4974: 4972: 4959: 4957: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4793: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4757: 4755: 4742: 4740: 4721: 4719: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4556: 4543: 4541: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4476: 4474: 4463: 4461: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4188: 4169: 4167: 4154: 4152: 4139: 4137: 4124: 4122: 4109: 4107: 4088: 4086: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3903: 3890: 3888: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3690: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3559: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3488: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3418: 3411: 3404: 3396: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3383: 3380: 3379: 3364:, ed. (1911). 3362:Chisholm, Hugh 3353: 3330:, ed. (1861). 3316: 3293:, ed. (1861). 3279: 3256:, ed. (1861). 3242: 3213: 3190:, ed. (1861). 3176: 3153:, ed. (1861). 3139: 3115: 3092:, ed. (1860). 3078: 3055:, ed. (1860). 3041: 3012: 2989:, ed. (1860). 2975: 2952:, ed. (1861). 2938: 2912: 2889:, ed. (1860). 2875: 2863:"Joanna" 2860:, ed. (1911). 2858:Chisholm, Hugh 2846: 2825: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2793:Philip IV 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2482:Philip II 2477: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2381: 2379: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2337: 2335: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2171: 2169: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2133:Charles V 2129: 2127: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2029: 2027: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1995: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1978: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1966: 1960: 1953: 1947: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1928:María Calderón 1924: 1923: 1922: 1909: 1908: 1907: 1906: 1892: 1889: 1880: 1877: 1861: 1860: 1859: 1858:and had issue. 1849: 1846: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1803: 1802: 1717: 1715: 1708: 1702: 1699: 1654: 1653: 1612: 1610: 1603: 1596: 1595: 1575: 1573: 1562: 1559: 1523:Canary Islands 1391: 1388: 1309: 1306: 1289:Jacques Callot 1281:Willem Hondius 1257:el Rey Planeta 1190: 1187: 1079:sumptuary laws 1067:Unión de Armas 997: 994: 957: 954: 890: 887: 750: 747: 707:Justus Lipsius 627: 624: 612:María Calderón 504:and his wife, 475: 472: 456:Spanish Empire 400: 399: 392: 388: 387: 382: 378: 377: 372: 368: 367: 362: 358: 357: 352: 346: 345: 342: 341: 337: 336: 328: 327: 325: 324: 319: 314: 309: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 280: 278: 264: 263: 251: 245: 244: 243: 242: 229: 225: 220: 219: 218: 217: 214: 212: 208: 207: 202: 200: 196: 195: 189:(aged 60) 183: 179: 178: 152: 148: 147: 144: 143: 138: 134: 133: 128: 124: 123: 117: 113: 112: 105: 99: 98: 93: 89: 88: 83: 79: 78: 72: 68: 67: 60: 54: 53: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15227: 15216: 15213: 15211: 15208: 15206: 15203: 15201: 15198: 15196: 15193: 15191: 15188: 15186: 15183: 15181: 15178: 15176: 15173: 15171: 15168: 15166: 15163: 15161: 15158: 15156: 15153: 15151: 15148: 15146: 15143: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15087: 15085: 15061: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15047: 15045: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15031: 15029: 15026: 15023: 15021: 15018: 15015: 15013: 15010: 15007: 15005: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14983: 14981: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14961:Infante Diego 14959: 14957: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14946: 14943: 14941: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14927: 14925: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14906: 14903: 14902: 14899: 14896: 14895: 14891: 14890: 14887: 14883: 14876: 14871: 14869: 14864: 14862: 14857: 14856: 14853: 14830: 14827: 14824: 14822: 14819: 14816: 14814: 14811: 14808: 14806: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14792: 14790: 14787: 14784: 14782: 14779: 14776: 14774: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14744: 14742: 14739: 14736: 14734: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14720: 14718: 14715: 14712: 14710: 14707: 14704: 14702: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14680: 14678: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14656: 14654: 14651: 14648: 14646: 14643: 14640: 14638: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14600: 14598: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14576: 14574: 14571: 14568: 14566: 14563: 14560: 14558: 14555: 14552: 14550: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14536: 14535: 14532: 14528: 14521: 14516: 14514: 14509: 14507: 14502: 14501: 14498: 14488: 14480: 14472: 14464: 14456: 14448: 14440: 14432: 14427: 14420: 14419: 14415: 14412: 14409: 14406: 14403: 14402: 14400: 14396: 14389: 14388: 14384: 14381: 14378: 14375: 14372: 14371: 14369: 14365: 14358: 14357: 14353: 14350: 14349: 14345: 14342: 14341: 14337: 14334: 14331: 14328: 14325: 14322: 14319: 14316: 14313: 14310: 14307: 14306: 14304: 14300: 14293: 14290: 14287: 14286: 14282: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14271: 14270: 14268: 14264: 14257: 14254: 14252: 14249: 14247: 14244: 14242: 14239: 14238: 14236: 14232: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14218: 14217: 14215: 14211: 14205: 14202: 14201: 14199: 14195: 14189: 14186: 14184: 14181: 14179: 14176: 14174: 14171: 14169: 14166: 14165: 14163: 14159: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14135: 14133: 14130: 14129: 14127: 14123: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14107: 14104: 14101: 14098: 14097: 14095: 14091: 14084: 14081: 14078: 14075: 14072: 14069: 14066: 14063: 14062: 14060: 14056: 14049: 14048: 14044: 14041: 14038: 14035: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14026: 14024: 14020: 14014: 14011: 14009: 14006: 14004: 14001: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13990: 13988: 13984: 13978: 13975: 13973: 13970: 13968: 13965: 13963: 13960: 13958: 13955: 13953: 13950: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13939: 13938: 13936: 13932: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13902: 13900: 13896: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13875: 13872: 13870: 13867: 13865: 13862: 13861: 13859: 13855: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13826: 13825: 13823: 13819: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13799: 13797: 13793: 13787: 13784: 13783: 13781: 13777: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13762: 13760: 13756: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13741: 13739: 13735: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13715: 13713: 13709: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13689: 13687: 13683: 13677: 13674: 13673: 13671: 13667: 13662: 13658: 13654: 13650: 13646: 13645:House of Aviz 13642: 13636: 13632: 13625: 13620: 13618: 13613: 13611: 13606: 13605: 13602: 13590: 13586: 13584: 13580: 13578: 13574: 13572: 13568: 13566: 13562: 13561: 13558: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13539: 13537: 13533: 13530: 13526: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13501: 13498: 13496: 13493: 13492: 13490: 13486: 13483: 13479: 13469: 13466: 13465: 13463: 13459: 13453: 13450: 13449: 13447: 13443: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13422: 13419: 13417: 13414: 13413: 13411: 13405: 13402: 13398: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13379: 13377: 13371: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13339:Leopold Maria 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13326: 13324: 13318: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13303: 13300: 13297: 13293: 13287: 13284: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13271:Karl Albrecht 13269: 13267: 13264: 13262: 13259: 13257: 13254: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13244: 13242: 13239: 13237: 13234: 13232: 13229: 13227: 13224: 13222: 13219: 13218: 13216: 13212: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13200:Joseph August 13198: 13196: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13186: 13183: 13181: 13180:John Salvator 13178: 13176: 13173: 13171: 13170:Karl Salvator 13168: 13166: 13163: 13161: 13160:Ludwig Viktor 13158: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13142: 13140: 13136: 13130: 13127: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13105: 13102: 13100: 13097: 13095: 13092: 13090: 13087: 13085: 13084:Wilhelm Franz 13082: 13080: 13077: 13075: 13072: 13070: 13067: 13065: 13062: 13060: 13057: 13055: 13052: 13050: 13047: 13046: 13044: 13040: 13034: 13031: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13016: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13006: 13004: 13003:Rainer Joseph 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12965: 12963: 12959: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12929: 12927: 12923: 12917: 12914: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12903: 12901: 12897: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12862: 12860: 12856: 12850: 12847: 12845: 12842: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12815: 12812: 12811: 12809: 12805: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12783:Ferdinand III 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12730: 12728: 12724: 12718: 12715: 12713: 12710: 12708: 12707:Maximilian II 12705: 12703: 12700: 12699: 12697: 12693: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12678: 12676: 12672: 12666: 12663: 12662: 12660: 12656: 12650: 12647: 12646: 12644: 12640: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12620: 12618: 12614: 12607: 12603: 12596: 12591: 12589: 12584: 12582: 12577: 12576: 12573: 12558: 12553: 12552: 12549: 12543: 12540: 12539: 12537: 12533: 12527: 12524: 12523: 12521: 12517: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12500:Juan Carlos I 12498: 12497: 12495: 12491: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12456: 12454: 12450: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12415: 12413: 12409: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12369: 12367: 12363: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12332: 12329: 12327: 12324: 12322: 12319: 12318: 12316: 12312: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12282: 12280: 12276: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12236: 12234: 12230: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12195: 12193: 12189: 12183: 12180: 12179: 12177: 12173: 12167: 12164: 12163: 12161: 12157: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12137: 12135: 12131: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12107: 12106: 12104: 12100: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12075: 12073: 12069: 12063: 12060: 12059: 12057: 12053: 12048: 12042: 12038: 12031: 12026: 12024: 12019: 12017: 12012: 12011: 12008: 11987: 11984: 11981: 11978: 11975: 11972: 11969: 11966: 11963: 11960: 11957: 11954: 11953: 11951: 11947: 11943: 11938: 11927: 11924: 11921: 11918: 11915: 11912: 11911: 11909: 11905: 11901: 11897: 11892: 11887: 11883: 11866: 11863: 11858: 11855: 11850: 11847: 11846: 11844: 11840: 11836: 11827: 11824: 11819: 11816: 11815: 11813: 11809: 11805: 11796: 11795:Maximilian II 11793: 11792: 11790: 11786: 11782: 11773: 11770: 11769: 11767: 11763: 11759: 11750: 11747: 11742: 11739: 11734: 11727: 11724: 11719: 11716: 11711: 11708: 11703: 11700: 11699: 11697: 11693: 11689: 11680: 11677: 11671: 11668: 11663: 11660: 11655: 11652: 11651: 11649: 11645: 11641: 11636: 11623: 11620: 11617: 11614:(1411–1415), 11612: 11609: 11606: 11601: 11598: 11593: 11590: 11585: 11584:Wenceslaus II 11582: 11577: 11574: 11573: 11571: 11567: 11563: 11559: 11554: 11549: 11545: 11528: 11525: 11520: 11517: 11512: 11509: 11504: 11501: 11496: 11493: 11488: 11485: 11484: 11482: 11478: 11474: 11465: 11462: 11459: 11456:(1197–1214), 11454: 11451: 11448: 11445:(1197–1247), 11443: 11440: 11439: 11437: 11433: 11429: 11420: 11417: 11416: 11414: 11410: 11406: 11397: 11394: 11393: 11391: 11387: 11383: 11378: 11365: 11362: 11357: 11354: 11349: 11346: 11341: 11338: 11333: 11330: 11325: 11322: 11317: 11314: 11309: 11306: 11305: 11303: 11299: 11295: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11277: 11273: 11269: 11262: 11257: 11255: 11250: 11248: 11243: 11242: 11239: 11227: 11226:Ferdinand III 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11136:Frederick III 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11102: 11099: 11097: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11033: 11031: 11028: 11024: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10995: 10991: 10984: 10979: 10977: 10972: 10970: 10965: 10964: 10961: 10951: 10945: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10910: 10906: 10900: 10897: 10894: 10891: 10888: 10885: 10882: 10879: 10876: 10873: 10870: 10867: 10864: 10861: 10858: 10855: 10852: 10849: 10846: 10845:Ferdinand III 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10752: 10749: 10748: 10745: 10741: 10734: 10729: 10727: 10722: 10720: 10715: 10714: 10711: 10700: 10694: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10593: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10564: 10558: 10557: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10506:House of Aviz 10503: 10498: 10488: 10487: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10428: 10424: 10417: 10412: 10410: 10405: 10403: 10398: 10397: 10394: 10383: 10379: 10375: 10369: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10357:Ferdinand III 10355: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10320: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10281: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10257: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10203: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10179: 10173: 10170: 10169: 10167: 10165: 10161: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10146: 10144: 10142: 10141:House of Foix 10138: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10126: 10122: 10120: 10119: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10109: 10107: 10105: 10101: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10076: 10074: 10072: 10068: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10033: 10031: 10029: 10025: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 10000: 9998: 9996: 9992: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9925:Jimeno Garcés 9923: 9921: 9918: 9917: 9915: 9913: 9909: 9903: 9902:Fortún Garcés 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9889: 9887: 9883: 9879: 9875: 9868: 9863: 9861: 9856: 9854: 9849: 9848: 9845: 9833: 9830: 9829: 9827: 9825: 9821: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9791: 9789: 9787: 9783: 9777: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9735: 9733: 9731: 9727: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9695:Ferdinand III 9693: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9667: 9665: 9663: 9659: 9654: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9625: 9623: 9621: 9617: 9613: 9609: 9602: 9597: 9595: 9590: 9588: 9583: 9582: 9579: 9567: 9564: 9563: 9561: 9559: 9555: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9520: 9518: 9516: 9512: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9482: 9480: 9478: 9474: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9419: 9417: 9415: 9411: 9406: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9367: 9365: 9363: 9359: 9355: 9351: 9344: 9339: 9337: 9332: 9330: 9325: 9324: 9321: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9303:Juan Carlos I 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9278:Ferdinand VII 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9240: 9238: 9236: 9232: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9194: 9189: 9179: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9166: 9163: 9162: 9160: 9158: 9154: 9150: 9146: 9141: 9137: 9130: 9125: 9123: 9118: 9116: 9111: 9110: 9107: 9097: 9096: 9089: 9083: 9079: 9070: 9069: 9062: 9056: 9053:Royal titles 9051: 9047: 9038: 9037: 9030: 9024: 9021: 9020: 9016: 9012: 9011: 9006: 9001: 9000: 8996: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8978: 8973: 8969: 8962: 8958: 8952: 8947: 8946: 8939: 8933: 8928: 8927: 8926:Duke of Milan 8922: 8918: 8909: 8908: 8904: 8900: 8896: 8895:King of Spain 8891: 8887: 8878: 8877: 8872: 8868: 8859: 8858: 8851: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8828: 8823: 8822: 8813: 8808: 8805: 8801: 8800: 8794: 8789: 8788: 8782: 8779: 8778: 8773: 8769: 8764: 8763:public domain 8745: 8743:9788419385031 8739: 8735: 8731: 8724: 8716: 8712: 8711: 8706: 8700: 8694:, p. 164 8693: 8688: 8680: 8678:9780313308277 8674: 8670: 8663: 8657:Davenport, p. 8654: 8652: 8644: 8643:Haliczer 2002 8639: 8632: 8631:Haliczer 2002 8627: 8625: 8623: 8621: 8613: 8612:Haliczer 2002 8608: 8601: 8596: 8589: 8588:Haliczer 2002 8584: 8582: 8575:, p. 142 8574: 8569: 8567: 8559: 8554: 8552: 8544: 8543:Ishikawa 2004 8539: 8532: 8527: 8520: 8515: 8508: 8503: 8495: 8494: 8487: 8482: 8475: 8470: 8463: 8458: 8442: 8441: 8436: 8430: 8423: 8418: 8416: 8408: 8403: 8401: 8393: 8392:Anderson 1988 8388: 8379: 8372: 8367: 8361:, p. 228 8360: 8355: 8348: 8347:Haliczer 2002 8343: 8336: 8335:Anderson 1988 8331: 8324: 8319: 8317: 8310:, p. 248 8309: 8304: 8297: 8292: 8285: 8280: 8274:, p. 156 8273: 8268: 8261: 8256: 8250:, p. 157 8249: 8244: 8237: 8232: 8225: 8220: 8212: 8211: 8204: 8195: 8186: 8180: 8176: 8171: 8169: 8161: 8156: 8154: 8152: 8144: 8143:Ishikawa 2004 8139: 8137: 8130:, p. 222 8129: 8124: 8118:, p. 539 8117: 8112: 8106:, p. 221 8105: 8100: 8094:, p. 143 8093: 8088: 8081: 8076: 8070:, p. 144 8069: 8064: 8058:, p. 156 8057: 8052: 8046:, p. 219 8045: 8040: 8034:, p. 224 8033: 8028: 8026: 8019:, p. 264 8018: 8013: 8007:, p. 320 8006: 8005:Ringrose 1998 8001: 7995:, p. 134 7994: 7989: 7983:, p. 234 7982: 7977: 7971:, p. 248 7970: 7969:Williams 2006 7965: 7958: 7953: 7946: 7941: 7934: 7929: 7923:, p. 121 7922: 7917: 7911:, p. 526 7910: 7905: 7898: 7893: 7887:, p. 194 7886: 7881: 7879: 7877: 7870:, p. 232 7869: 7864: 7862: 7854: 7849: 7843:, p. 160 7842: 7837: 7835: 7827: 7822: 7820: 7813:, p. 139 7812: 7807: 7800: 7795: 7793: 7785: 7780: 7778: 7770: 7765: 7758: 7753: 7746: 7741: 7734: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7717: 7712: 7706:, p. 144 7705: 7704:Wedgwood 1981 7700: 7698: 7696: 7694: 7687:, p. 140 7686: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7670:, p. 217 7669: 7664: 7662: 7660: 7653:, p. 495 7652: 7651:Wedgwood 1981 7647: 7640: 7635: 7633: 7624: 7622:9780521323338 7618: 7614: 7607: 7603: 7591: 7586: 7582: 7577: 7573: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7559:0-521-32333-9 7555: 7551: 7546: 7542: 7537: 7533: 7528: 7524: 7519: 7515: 7510: 7506: 7501: 7497: 7492: 7488: 7483: 7479: 7474: 7470: 7469: 7463: 7459: 7454: 7450: 7445: 7441: 7436: 7432: 7427: 7423: 7418: 7414: 7409: 7405: 7400: 7396: 7391: 7387: 7382: 7378: 7373: 7369: 7364: 7360: 7356: 7355:Elliot, J. H. 7352: 7348: 7343: 7339: 7334: 7330: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7301: 7300:The Historian 7297: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7280: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7263: 7259: 7254: 7253: 7227: 7223: 7217: 7213: 7210: 7207: 7206: 7200: 7193: 7190: 7178: 7175: 7090: 7087: 7079: 7078: 7071: 7063: 6978: 6976: 6969: 6966: 6954: 6951: 6939: 6936: 6868: 6865: 6853: 6850: 6845: 6842: 6834: 6832: 6824: 6822: 6820: 6812: 6810: 6809: 6802: 6794: 6792: 6784: 6782: 6716: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6694: 6691: 6679: 6676: 6664: 6661: 6649: 6646: 6645:Ferdinand III 6632: 6581: 6578: 6566: 6563: 6551: 6548: 6535: 6532: 6524: 6522: 6514: 6512: 6504: 6502: 6500: 6492: 6490: 6482: 6481: 6474: 6466: 6454: 6446: 6444: 6436: 6434: 6384: 6368: 6355: 6353: 6346: 6343: 6331: 6328: 6316: 6313: 6301: 6298: 6286: 6283: 6271: 6268: 6256: 6253: 6241: 6238: 6226: 6223: 6211: 6208: 6196: 6193: 6181: 6178: 6166: 6163: 6151: 6148: 6143: 6140: 6132: 6130: 6122: 6120: 6112: 6110: 6102: 6100: 6092: 6090: 6082: 6080: 6072: 6070: 6062: 6060: 6052: 6050: 6048: 6040: 6038: 6037: 6030: 6006: 5994: 5986: 5974: 5958: 5956: 5932: 5930: 5920: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5898: 5895: 5875: 5872: 5844: 5841: 5840:Maximilian II 5805: 5802: 5789: 5786: 5770: 5768: 5744: 5742: 5741: 5734: 5694: 5692: 5647: 5645: 5626: 5623: 5547: 5544: 5531: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5445: 5442: 5438: 5422: 5419: 5347: 5345: 5344: 5337: 5305: 5303: 5263: 5261: 5250: 5248: 5241: 5238: 5185: 5183: 5125: 5123: 5116: 5113: 5085: 5082: 5053: 5051: 4991: 4989: 4982: 4979: 4967: 4964: 4952: 4949: 4948:Frederick III 4921: 4918: 4889: 4886: 4878: 4877: 4860: 4852: 4797: 4795: 4788: 4785: 4765: 4762: 4750: 4747: 4729: 4726: 4714: 4711: 4682: 4679: 4663: 4661: 4653: 4651: 4643: 4641: 4640: 4633: 4617: 4615: 4599: 4597: 4560: 4558: 4551: 4548: 4534: 4515: 4512: 4484: 4481: 4469: 4468: 4467:Frederick III 4456: 4453: 4440: 4438: 4406: 4378: 4342: 4339: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4303: 4301: 4293: 4291: 4283: 4281: 4280: 4273: 4265: 4263: 4245: 4205: 4203: 4192: 4190: 4177: 4174: 4162: 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1916: 1914: 1913: 1912: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1799: 1796: 1788: 1777: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1749: 1746: – 1745: 1741: 1740:Find sources: 1734: 1730: 1724: 1723: 1718:This section 1716: 1712: 1707: 1706: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1650: 1647: 1639: 1636:November 2020 1629: 1625: 1619: 1618: 1611: 1602: 1601: 1592: 1589:November 2020 1583: 1579: 1576:This section 1574: 1571: 1567: 1566: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1461:, Jerusalem, 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1439: 1437: 1436:Catholic King 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1318: 1314: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1298: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1273:Peter Snayers 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1238:Eugenio Caxés 1234: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1204: 1200: 1195: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1171: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1142:Iberian Union 1139: 1135: 1131: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1110: 1108: 1103: 1099: 1090: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1071:Union of Arms 1068: 1064: 1060: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1002: 993: 991: 990:French navies 987: 983: 979: 975: 972:was the only 971: 967: 963: 953: 951: 947: 943: 939: 933: 931: 925: 923: 919: 915: 908: 904: 900: 895: 886: 884: 880: 876: 875:Maria Theresa 872: 868: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 830: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 803: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 761: 760: 755: 746: 744: 740: 736: 730: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 703: 695: 683: 679: 677: 672: 667: 665: 656: 651: 647: 645: 641: 637: 633: 623: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 600: 598: 594: 590: 586: 580: 578: 577:bull-fighting 574: 568: 566: 562: 558: 554: 548: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 525: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 492: 480: 474:Personal life 471: 469: 465: 461: 457: 452: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 429:King of Spain 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 397: 393: 389: 386: 383: 379: 376: 373: 369: 366: 363: 359: 356: 353: 351: 347: 338: 333: 329: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308:Illegitimate: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 281: 279: 276: 275: 269: 265: 248: 241: 240: 223: 216: 215: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 184: 180: 177: 173: 169: 165: 153: 149: 145: 142: 139: 135: 132: 129: 125: 118: 114: 109: 104: 100: 97: 94: 90: 87: 84: 80: 73: 69: 64: 59: 58:King of Spain 55: 50: 49: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 15059: 15051: 15043: 15035: 15033:Infante John 15027: 15019: 15011: 15009:Infante John 15003: 14995: 14987: 14979: 14971: 14963: 14955: 14947: 14944: 14939: 14931: 14923: 14915: 14907: 14897: 14892: 14828: 14820: 14812: 14804: 14796: 14788: 14780: 14772: 14764: 14756: 14748: 14740: 14732: 14724: 14716: 14708: 14700: 14697: 14692: 14684: 14676: 14668: 14660: 14652: 14644: 14636: 14628: 14620: 14612: 14604: 14596: 14588: 14580: 14572: 14564: 14556: 14548: 14540: 14486: 14483: 14478: 14475: 14470: 14467: 14462: 14459: 14454: 14451: 14446: 14443: 14438: 14435: 14430: 14416: 14385: 14354: 14346: 14338: 14283: 14203: 14064: 14045: 13588: 13582: 13576: 13570: 13564: 13510:Karl Philipp 13382:Joseph Árpád 13349:Franz Joseph 13054:Joseph Franz 12993:Anton Victor 12834:Ferdinand IV 12813: 12712:Ferdinand II 12649:Maximilian I 12541: 12285:Fernando VII 12181: 12165: 12108: 11988:(since 2000) 11893:(since 1815) 11740: 11679:Maximilian I 11615: 11604: 11603:(1411–1443) 11576:Wenceslaus I 11527:Wenceslaus I 11457: 11446: 11195: 11171:Ferdinand II 11121:Frederick II 11106:Constance II 10934:Ferdinand IV 10915:Ferdinand IV 10907: 10899:Ferdinand IV 10874: 10830:Ferdinand II 10698: 10667:Ferdinand II 10585: 10555: 10485: 10342:Ferdinand II 10307: 10123: 10116: 9892:Íñigo Arista 9808: 9710:Ferdinand IV 9680:Alfonso VIII 9537: 9500:Ferdinand II 9298:Alfonso XIII 9258:Ferdinand VI 9219: 9093: 9066: 9034: 9017: 9008: 8966: 8943: 8924: 8893: 8874: 8855: 8833: 8829:8 April 1605 8826: 8819: 8797: 8775: 8752: 8733: 8723: 8714: 8709: 8699: 8692:Goodman 2005 8687: 8668: 8662: 8645:, p. 92 8638: 8633:, p. 27 8607: 8600:Goodman 2005 8595: 8590:, p. 26 8560:, p. 27 8558:Robbins 1998 8545:, p. 72 8538: 8533:, p. 11 8526: 8521:, p. 10 8514: 8507:Robbins 1998 8502: 8493:Art of Spain 8492: 8481: 8476:, p. 37 8474:Zagorin 1992 8469: 8457: 8445:. Retrieved 8438: 8429: 8409:, p. 20 8394:, p. 72 8387: 8378: 8373:, p. 55 8366: 8354: 8349:, p. 18 8342: 8337:, p. 44 8330: 8325:, p. 53 8303: 8298:, p. 61 8291: 8286:, p. 26 8284:Goodman 2002 8279: 8272:Goodman 2002 8267: 8262:, p. 34 8260:Goodman 2002 8255: 8248:Goodman 2002 8243: 8238:, p. 32 8236:Goodman 2002 8231: 8226:, p. 45 8224:Goodman 2002 8219: 8209: 8203: 8194: 8185: 8174: 8145:, p. 77 8123: 8111: 8099: 8087: 8075: 8063: 8051: 8039: 8012: 8000: 7988: 7976: 7964: 7959:, p. 43 7952: 7947:, p. 83 7940: 7935:, p. 32 7928: 7916: 7904: 7892: 7855:, p. 52 7848: 7806: 7771:, p. 28 7769:Robbins 1998 7764: 7759:, p. 31 7757:Robbins 1998 7752: 7747:, p. 84 7740: 7735:, p. 47 7711: 7646: 7641:, p. 12 7612: 7606: 7589: 7580: 7571: 7549: 7540: 7531: 7522: 7513: 7504: 7495: 7486: 7477: 7467: 7457: 7448: 7439: 7430: 7421: 7412: 7403: 7394: 7385: 7376: 7367: 7358: 7346: 7337: 7328: 7303: 7299: 7286: 7266: 7257: 7249:Bibliography 7230:. Retrieved 7225: 7216: 7208: 7188: 7173: 6964: 6949: 6935:Ferdinand IV 6934: 6863: 6848: 6689: 6674: 6659: 6644: 6631:John-Charles 6630: 6576: 6561: 6546: 6545: 6341: 6326: 6311: 6297:Ferdinand II 6296: 6281: 6266: 6251: 6236: 6221: 6206: 6191: 6176: 6161: 6146: 5893: 5871:Ferdinand II 5870: 5839: 5800: 5621: 5542: 5236: 5112:Maximilian I 5111: 5080: 4977: 4962: 4947: 4916: 4784:Frederick IV 4783: 4760: 4745: 4724: 4709: 4546: 4533:Frederick II 4532: 4510: 4479: 4466: 4451: 4172: 4157: 4146:the Friendly 4142: 4127: 4112: 4091: 4076: 3893: 3881: 3859: 3674: 3543: 3371: 3356: 3343: 3337: 3306: 3300: 3269: 3263: 3236:; ( 3229: 3203: 3197: 3166: 3160: 3131: 3105: 3099: 3068: 3062: 3035:; ( 3028: 3002: 2996: 2965: 2959: 2930: 2902: 2896: 2867: 2840: 2821: 2792: 2682: 2649: 2544: 2523: 2502: 2481: 2384: 2367: 2340: 2323: 2174: 2157: 2132: 2115: 2032: 2015: 1910: 1884: 1837: 1791: 1782: 1772: 1765: 1758: 1751: 1739: 1727:Please help 1722:verification 1719: 1690: 1672: 1642: 1633: 1614: 1586: 1582:adding to it 1577: 1526: 1440: 1393: 1373: 1357: 1349:canonization 1346: 1329: 1322: 1295: 1293: 1267:, including 1256: 1254: 1250:Angelo Nardi 1222: 1210:Lope de Vega 1207: 1178: 1175:Luis de Haro 1169: 1166: 1130:Reapers' War 1127: 1122: 1111: 1095: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1007: 973: 969: 965: 962:Spanish Navy 959: 956:Spanish Navy 934: 926: 913: 911: 854:Luis de Haro 831: 815:Spanish Road 804: 772: 757: 739:Luis de Haro 734: 731: 722: 701: 698: 668: 660: 655:Habsburg lip 629: 601: 581: 569: 565:appendicitis 549: 526: 522:Luis de Haro 495: 453: 432: 424: 420: 404: 403: 272: 187:(1665-09-17) 161:8 April 1605 46: 29: 15105:1665 deaths 15100:1605 births 15052:(1458-1461) 15044:(1461-1479) 15036:(1479-1497) 15028:(1498-1500) 15020:(1502-1509) 15004:(1509-1516) 14996:(1504-1516) 14988:(1527-1556) 14980:(1556-1568) 14972:(1571–1578) 14964:(1578-1582) 14956:(1582-1598) 14948:(1605-1621) 14940:(1629–1646) 14932:(1657-1661) 14924:(1661-1665) 14916:(1907–1931) 14908:(1977-2014) 14821:(1977–2014) 14805:(1881–1904) 14757:(1788–1808) 14725:(1661–1665) 14717:(1657–1661) 14709:(1629–1646) 14637:(1498–1500) 14029:Sebastião I 13431:Carl Ludwig 13155:Karl Ludwig 13094:Joseph Karl 12942:Leopold VII 12916:Charles III 12686:Ferdinand I 12623:Frederick V 12372:Alfonso XII 12208:Fernando VI 11982:(1964–2000) 11976:(1919–1964) 11970:(1912–1919) 11964:(1905–1912) 11958:(1890–1905) 11928:(1849–1890) 11926:William III 11922:(1840–1849) 11916:(1815–1840) 11907:(1815–1890) 11868:(1792–1794) 11860:(1790–1792) 11852:(1780–1790) 11842:(1780–1794) 11829:(1740–1780) 11821:(1713–1740) 11811:(1713–1780) 11798:(1712–1713) 11788:(1712–1713) 11775:(1700–1712) 11765:(1700–1712) 11752:(1665–1700) 11744:(1621–1665) 11736:(1598–1621) 11729:(1598–1621) 11721:(1556–1598) 11713:(1506–1556) 11710:Charles III 11705:(1482–1506) 11695:(1482–1700) 11682:(1477–1482) 11673:(1477–1482) 11665:(1467–1477) 11657:(1443–1467) 11647:(1443–1482) 11625:(1418–1425) 11595:(1388–1411) 11587:(1383–1388) 11579:(1354–1383) 11569:(1354–1443) 11555:(1354–1794) 11530:(1353–1354) 11522:(1346–1353) 11514:(1313–1346) 11506:(1288–1313) 11498:(1281–1288) 11490:(1247–1281) 11480:(1247–1354) 11467:(1214–1226) 11435:(1197–1247) 11422:(1196–1197) 11412:(1196–1197) 11399:(1136–1189) 11389:(1136–1189) 11367:(1131–1136) 11359:(1096–1131) 11351:(1086–1096) 11343:(1059–1086) 11335:(1047–1059) 11327:(1026–1047) 11201:Charles III 11156:Ferdinand I 11076:Frederick I 11066:Constance I 11061:William III 11029:(1130–1816) 11000:(1071–1130) 10938:(3rd reign) 10919:(2nd reign) 10903:(1st reign) 10893:Charles VII 10820:Ferdinand I 10799:(2nd reign) 10786:(1st reign) 10778:Charles III 10598:(1640–1910) 10569:(1581–1640) 10545:Sebastian I 10508:(1385–1580) 10480:Ferdinand I 10433:(1139–1383) 10352:Charles VII 10269:Ferdinand I 10089:Charles III 10008:Theobald II 9767:Ferdinand V 9670:Alfonso VII 9628:Ferdinand I 9548:Charles III 9485:Ferdinand I 9442:Alfonso III 9293:Alfonso XII 9283:Isabella II 9263:Charles III 9169:Ferdinand V 8573:Aercke 1994 8462:Parker 1984 8447:19 December 8424:, p. 8 8422:Elliot 1991 8308:Parker 1984 8296:Parker 1984 8160:Parker 2004 8116:Elliot 1984 8104:Parker 2004 8082:, p. 5 8080:MacKay 1999 8044:Parker 2004 8017:Parker 1984 7981:Parker 1984 7933:Elliot 1991 7921:Elliot 1970 7909:Elliot 1984 7899:, p. 8 7885:Elliot 1984 7868:Parker 1984 7841:Aercke 1994 7811:Aercke 1994 7786:, p. 7 7733:Elliot 1991 7718:, p. 5 7685:Aercke 1994 7306:(1): 1–18. 5622:Ferdinand I 4736: 1370 4511:Leopold III 4184: 1290 4103: 1289 3686: 1218 3555: 1188 2180:and Hungary 2119:of Portugal 1920:El Escorial 1905:, no issue. 1695:John Joseph 1527:terra firma 1434:Philip IV, 1432:Most Serene 1380:Inquisition 1042:Netherlands 922:Netherlands 903:court dwarf 690: 1636 487: 1612 447:during the 425:Rey Planeta 421:Planet King 385:Catholicism 204:El Escorial 127:Predecessor 82:Predecessor 15084:Categories 14065:Filipe III 13802:Fernando I 13723:Afonso III 13655:, and the 13407:Descent of 13375:of Hungary 13311:Maximilian 13059:Franz Karl 13028:Maximilian 12885:Leopold VI 12778:Wenceslaus 12773:Albert VII 12717:Charles II 12213:Carlos III 12093:Felipe III 11962:William IV 11920:William II 11749:Charles IV 11718:Philip III 11662:Charles II 11319:(998–1026) 11301:(963–1136) 11287:(963–1354) 11272:Luxembourg 11216:Charles IV 11196:Philip III 11181:Charles II 11046:William II 10887:Charles VI 10875:Philip III 10857:Charles IV 10851:Joanna III 10825:Alfonso II 10757:Charles II 10586:Philip III 10486:Beatrice I 10460:Afonso III 10362:Isabella I 10347:Charles VI 10332:Philip VII 10293:Charles IV 10125:Blanche II 10118:Charles IV 10084:Charles II 10079:Philip III 10003:Theobald I 9985:Sancho VII 9945:Sancho III 9814:Charles II 9804:Philip III 9763:Isabella I 9715:Alfonso XI 9690:Berengaria 9675:Sancho III 9638:Alfonso VI 9543:Charles II 9538:Philip III 9452:Alfonso IV 9422:Alfonso II 9395:Petronilla 9268:Charles IV 9235:Real union 9225:Charles II 9215:Philip III 9165:Isabella I 9099:1605–1621 9072:1605–1621 9046:Nicholas I 9040:1628–1634 8917:Charles II 8371:Munck 1990 8359:Kamen 2005 8323:Munck 1990 8128:Kamen 2005 8056:Kamen 2000 7853:Munck 1990 7799:Kamen 2005 7716:Darby 1994 7668:Kamen 2005 7599:References 7340:. Longman. 7232:28 October 7189:Charles VI 6968:of Austria 6864:Charles II 6663:of Austria 6634:of Austria 6580:of Austria 6565:of Austria 6345:of Austria 6315:of Austria 6252:Wenceslaus 6237:Albert VII 6195:of Austria 6162:Philip III 5894:Charles II 5240:of Castile 4920:of Germany 4746:Leopold IV 4547:Leopold II 4480:Albert III 4186:–1312/1313 4080:of Bohemia 3863:of Germany 3678:of Germany 3348:Wikisource 3311:Wikisource 3274:Wikisource 3208:Wikisource 3171:Wikisource 3110:Wikisource 3073:Wikisource 3007:Wikisource 2970:Wikisource 2907:Wikisource 2686:of Austria 2548:of Bavaria 2545:Maria Anna 2506:of Austria 2371:of Austria 2178:of Bohemia 1785:March 2019 1755:newspapers 1679:Charles II 1541:, lord of 1384:Charles II 899:cuirassier 819:Louis XIII 702:arbitrista 557:debauchery 529:Maria Anna 502:Philip III 464:Charles II 433:Philip III 423:(Spanish: 413:Portuguese 407:(Spanish: 168:Valladolid 157:1605-04-08 96:Charles II 86:Philip III 14985:Philip II 14945:Philip IV 14813:(1907–38) 14797:(1875–80) 14789:(1871–73) 14781:(1857–68) 14773:(1851–57) 14765:(1830–33) 14754:Ferdinand 14749:(1759–88) 14741:(1724–46) 14738:Ferdinand 14733:(1709–24) 14701:(1605–21) 14693:(1582–98) 14685:(1578–82) 14677:(1571–78) 14674:Ferdinand 14669:(1556–68) 14661:(1527–56) 14653:(1504–16) 14645:(1502–04) 14629:(1497–98) 14621:(1478–97) 14613:(1470–78) 14605:(1468–70) 14597:(1464–68) 14589:(1462–64) 14581:(1425–54) 14573:(1424–25) 14565:(1423–24) 14562:Catherine 14557:(1405–06) 14549:(1402–05) 14541:(1388–90) 14411:Manuel II 14183:Pedro III 14111:Afonso VI 14040:Filipe II 13765:Afonso IV 13718:Sancho II 13692:Afonso II 13461:Palatines 13409:Charles I 13373:Palatines 13354:Karl Pius 13329:Gottfried 13185:Friedrich 13109:Sigismund 12947:Ferdinand 12932:Joseph II 12824:Ferdinand 12793:Leopold V 12681:Charles I 12633:Sigismund 12628:Albert VI 12526:Felipe VI 12244:Carlos IV 12150:Carlos II 12109:Felipe IV 12062:Felipe II 11974:Charlotte 11914:William I 11818:Charles V 11741:Philip IV 11702:Philip II 11600:Elisabeth 11519:Charles I 11503:Henry VII 11442:Ermesinde 11364:Conrad II 11356:William I 11348:Henry III 11332:Giselbert 11311:(963–998) 11308:Siegfried 11221:Charles V 11206:Philip IV 11191:Philip II 11161:Alfonso I 11151:Martin II 11101:Charles I 11091:Conrad II 11056:Roger III 11041:William I 10929:Joachim I 10881:Charles V 10869:Philip II 10840:Louis III 10835:Frederick 10814:Alfonso I 10804:Joanna II 10796:Ladislaus 10783:Ladislaus 10751:Charles I 10687:Manuel II 10636:Peter III 10610:Afonso VI 10581:Philip II 10556:Anthony I 10470:Afonso IV 10455:Sancho II 10450:Afonso II 10313:Charles V 10308:Philip VI 10298:Philip IV 10250:Charles V 10230:Louis III 10220:Henry III 10154:Catherine 10094:Blanche I 10056:Charles I 10051:Philip II 9980:Sancho VI 9970:Alfonso I 9955:Sancho IV 9935:Sancho II 9809:Philip IV 9799:Philip II 9794:Charles I 9748:Henry III 9705:Sancho IV 9700:Alfonso X 9633:Sancho II 9566:Philip IV 9533:Philip II 9523:Charles I 9490:Alfonso V 9437:Peter III 9390:Ramiro II 9385:Alfonso I 9308:Felipe VI 9220:Philip IV 9210:Philip II 9205:Charles I 8981:Luxemburg 7826:Hume 1907 7541:Velazquez 7196:1685–1740 7181:1678–1711 6972:1649–1664 6957:1640–1705 6950:Leopold I 6942:1633–1654 6871:1661–1700 6856:1629–1646 6697:1630–1665 6682:1628–1662 6667:1614–1662 6652:1608–1657 6637:1605–1619 6584:1609–1641 6577:Ferdinand 6569:1607–1632 6554:1605–1665 6547:Philip IV 6349:1590–1624 6334:1586–1632 6327:Leopold V 6319:1583–1616 6304:1578–1637 6289:1560–1618 6274:1558–1600 6259:1561–1578 6244:1559–1621 6229:1558–1618 6214:1557–1619 6199:1553–1595 6184:1552–1612 6177:Rudolf II 6169:1578–1621 6154:1545–1568 5901:1540–1590 5878:1529–1595 5847:1527–1576 5808:1527–1598 5801:Philip II 5629:1503–1564 5550:1500–1558 5543:Charles V 5244:1478–1506 5119:1459–1519 5088:1440–1457 5081:Ladislaus 4985:1427–1496 4978:Sigismund 4970:1418–1463 4963:Albert VI 4955:1415–1493 4924:1397–1439 4917:Albert II 4791:1382–1439 4768:1377–1424 4753:1371–1411 4717:1377–1404 4710:Albert IV 4554:1328–1344 4539:1327–1344 4518:1351–1386 4487:1349–1395 4472:1347–1362 4459:1339–1365 4452:Rudolf IV 4176:Parricida 4165:1301–1339 4150:1299–1327 4135:1298–1358 4128:Albert II 4120:1290–1326 4113:Leopold I 4092:Frederick 4084:1281–1307 3901:1270–1290 3894:Rudolf II 3886:1263–1281 3867:1255–1308 2691:1584–1611 2658:1578–1621 2553:1551–1608 2393:1528–1579 2332:1528–1603 2041:1479–1555 2024:1478–1506 1972:in Italy. 1539:Barcelona 1537:, Tyrol, 1519:Gibraltar 1515:Algeciras 1408:Jerusalem 1338:Elisabeth 1034:Andalusia 1030:Catalonia 879:Louis XIV 715:Philip II 636:favourite 616:Juan José 593:astrology 589:geography 405:Philip IV 391:Signature 137:Successor 131:Philip II 92:Successor 35:Philip IV 14829:(2014– ) 14802:Mercedes 14794:Isabella 14770:Isabella 14762:Isabella 14626:Isabella 14610:Isabella 14602:Isabella 14374:Carlos I 14251:Miguel I 14116:Pedro II 13952:João III 13925:Manuel I 13864:Afonso V 13828:Duarte I 13676:Sancho I 13659:through 13651:through 13641:Afonso I 13320:Habsburg 13276:Leo Karl 13069:Albrecht 12906:Joseph I 12763:Matthias 12753:Rudolf V 12047:Carlos I 11772:Philip V 11654:Philip I 11616:and then 11495:Henry VI 11458:and then 11453:Theobald 11396:Henry IV 11340:Conrad I 11324:Henry II 11268:Monarchs 11186:Philip I 11146:Martin I 11126:Peter II 11086:Conrad I 11081:Henry II 11036:Roger II 11017:Roger II 10924:Joseph I 10863:Philip I 10791:Louis II 10767:Joanna I 10682:Carlos I 10661:Maria II 10656:Miguel I 10651:Maria II 10646:Peter IV 10625:Joseph I 10615:Peter II 10576:Philip I 10540:John III 10535:Manuel I 10525:Afonso V 10520:Edward I 10445:Sancho I 10440:Afonso I 10337:Louis II 10303:Philip V 10274:Joan III 10245:Louis VI 10235:Louis IV 10225:Louis II 10196:Joan III 10191:Henry II 10172:John III 10036:Philip I 9960:Sancho V 9920:Sancho I 9874:Monarchs 9832:Philip V 9776:Philip I 9758:Henry IV 9738:Henry II 9608:Monarchs 9528:Philip I 9457:Peter IV 9447:James II 9427:Peter II 9370:Ramiro I 9350:Monarchs 9253:Philip V 9243:Philip V 9178:Philip I 9029:Isabella 8899:Sardinia 8707:(1726). 7570:(1981). 7320:24442462 7285:(eds.). 7174:Joseph I 6867:of Spain 6550:of Spain 6207:Matthias 6165:of Spain 5804:of Spain 5524:HRE line 5520:Austrian 5237:Philip I 4095:the Fair 4077:Rudolf I 3882:Hartmann 3860:Albert I 3675:Rudolf I 2683:Margaret 2327:of Spain 2116:Isabella 1982:Ancestry 1818:Bordeaux 1615:may not 1555:Algarves 1553:and the 1551:Portugal 1535:Flanders 1495:Sardinia 1475:Valencia 1422:, etc., 1369:Zaragoza 1162:Zaragoza 1115:regalian 1075:brothels 1027:Valencia 1023:Portugal 946:Ayamonte 918:grandees 785:and the 644:Olivares 561:smallpox 381:Religion 355:Habsburg 14810:Alfonso 14778:Alfonso 14746:Charles 14722:Charles 14666:Charles 14650:Charles 14634:Michael 14594:Alfonso 14570:Eleanor 14309:Pedro V 14225:João VI 13910:João II 13786:Pedro I 13744:Dinis I 13535:Charles 13488:Charles 13452:Dominic 13445:Tuscany 13322:Tuscany 13281:Wilhelm 13089:Stephen 12978:Charles 12819:Charles 11956:Adolphe 11865:Francis 11857:Leopold 11826:Mary II 11622:John II 11611:Anthony 11487:Henry V 11464:Waleran 11316:Henry I 11116:James I 11111:Peter I 11096:Manfred 11071:Henry I 11051:Tancred 11007:Roger I 10773:Louis I 10699:italics 10672:Peter V 10641:John VI 10630:Maria I 10605:John IV 10550:Henry I 10530:John II 10475:Peter I 10465:Denis I 10380:. 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Philip IV of Spain

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