238:
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243:
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245:
242:
39:
192:
91:
613:
241:
1972:
609:. Defects in apoptotic cell clearance is usually associated with impaired phagocytosis of macrophages. Accumulation of apoptotic cell remnants often causes autoimmune disorders; thus pharmacological potentiation of phagocytosis has a medical potential in treatment of certain forms of autoimmune disorders.
31:
279:
The role of neutrophils is patrolling the bloodstream and rapid migration to the tissues in large numbers only in case of infection. There they have direct microbicidal effect by phagocytosis. After ingestion, neutrophils are efficient in intracellular killing of pathogens. Neutrophils phagocytose
512:
to provide unfavourable growth conditions for bacteria. Other enzymes like hyaluronidase, lipase, collagenase, elastase, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease also play an important role in preventing the spread of infection and degradation of essential microbial biomolecules leading to cell
438:, are recognised by the mannose receptor. Eight lectin-like domains form the extracellular part of the receptor. The ingestion mediated by the mannose receptor is distinct in molecular mechanisms from Fcγ receptor or complement receptor mediated phagocytosis.
280:
mainly via the Fcγ receptors and complement receptors 1 and 3. The microbicidal effect of neutrophils is due to a large repertoire of molecules present in pre-formed granules. Enzymes and other molecules prepared in these granules are proteases, such as
414:
and C3bi from plasma complement. The extracellular domain of the receptors contains a lectin-like complement-binding domain. Recognition by complement receptors is not enough to cause internalisation without additional signals. In macrophages, the
1753:
Kruse, K; Janko, C; Urbonaviciute, V; Mierke, CT; Winkler, TH; Voll, RE; Schett, G; Muñoz, LE; Herrmann, M (September 2010). "Inefficient clearance of dying cells in patients with SLE: anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, MFG-E8, HMGB-1 and other players".
224:
response. Although most cells are capable of phagocytosis, some cell types perform it as part of their main function. These are called 'professional phagocytes.' Phagocytosis is old in evolutionary terms, being present even in
125:
represents the scientific establishment of immunology as the process is the first immune response mechanism discovered and understood as such. The earliest definitive account of cell eating was given by Swiss scientist
311:
Monocytes, and the macrophages that mature from them, leave blood circulation to migrate through tissues. There they are resident cells and form a resting barrier. Macrophages initiate phagocytosis by
386:
or associates with an ITAM-containing adaptor molecule. ITAM domains transduce the signal from the surface of the phagocyte to the nucleus. For example, activating receptors of human macrophages are
1846:
Grønlien HK, Berg T, Løvlie AM (July 2002). "In the polymorphic ciliate
Tetrahymena vorax, the non-selective phagocytosis seen in microstomes changes to a highly selective process in macrostomes".
109:
and cell debris. The ingested material is then digested in the phagosome. Bacteria, dead tissue cells, and small mineral particles are all examples of objects that may be phagocytized. Some
1706:"Autoimmune kidney disease and impaired engulfment of apoptotic cells in mice with macrophage peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma or retinoid X receptor alpha deficiency"
1655:
Mukundan L, Odegaard JI, Morel CR, Heredia JE, Mwangi JW, Ricardo-Gonzalez RR, Goh YP, Eagle AR, Dunn SE, Awakuni JU, Nguyen KD, Steinman L, Michie SA, Chawla A (November 2009).
1604:
Bilyy RO, Shkandina T, Tomin A, Muñoz LE, Franz S, Antonyuk V, Kit YY, Zirngibl M, Fürnrohr BG, Janko C, Lauber K, Schiller M, Schett G, Stoika RS, Herrmann M (January 2012).
589:. These molecules are recognised by receptors on the cell surface of the macrophage such as the phosphatidylserine receptor or by soluble (free-floating) receptors such as
446:
Engulfment of material is facilitated by the actin-myosin contractile system. The phagosome is the organelle formed by phagocytosis of material. It then moves toward the
1491:
Borowitz JL, Gunasekar PG, Isom GE (12 Sep 1997). "Hydrogen cyanide generation by mu-opiate receptor activation: possible neuromodulatory role of endogenous cyanide".
330:
Dendritic cells also reside in tissues and ingest pathogens by phagocytosis. Their role is not killing or clearance of microbes, but rather breaking them down for
423:
and CR4 are responsible for recognition of targets. Complement coated targets are internalised by 'sinking' into the phagocyte membrane, without any protrusions.
398:. Fcγ receptor mediated phagocytosis includes formation of protrusions of the cell called a 'phagocytic cup' and activates an oxidative burst in neutrophils.
633:, phagocytosis is used as a means of feeding, providing part or all of their nourishment. This is called phagotrophic nutrition, distinguished from
1571:
Zgliczyński, Jan Maciej; Stelmaszyńska, Teresa (1988). "The
Respiratory Burst of Neutrophilic Granulocytes and Its Influence on Infected Tissues".
1278:
1151:
Ambrose, Charles T. (2006). "The Osler slide, a demonstration of phagocytosis from 1876: Reports of phagocytosis before
Metchnikoff's 1880 paper".
1536:
Stelmaszyńska, T (1985). "Formation of HCN by human phagocytosing neutrophils--1. Chlorination of
Staphylococcus epidermidis as a source of HCN".
383:
2014:
493:
665:
also engage in phagocytosis. In ciliates there is a specialized groove or chamber in the cell where phagocytosis takes place, called the
342:
Receptors for phagocytosis can be divided into two categories by recognised molecules. The first, opsonic receptors, are dependent on
569:. One of the features of an apoptotic cell is the presentation of a variety of intracellular molecules on the cell surface, such as
144:) mentioning details of how the protist engulfed and swallowed (the process now called endocytosis) a small organism, that he named
169:) particles. It was the first direct evidence of phagocytosis by immune cells. Haeckel reported his experiment in a 1862 monograph
1297:
Witko-Sarsat, Véronique; Rieu, Philippe; Descamps-Latscha, Béatrice; Lesavre, Philippe; Halbwachs-Mecarelli, Lise (May 2000).
1588:
1039:
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363:
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can be classified as professional phagocytes. The first three have the greatest role in immune response to most infections.
2144:
354:
or receptors, that recognise other opsonins of cell or plasma origin. Non-opsonic receptors include lectin-type receptors,
1932:
Stibor H, Sommer U (April 2003). "Mixotrophy of a photosynthetic flagellate viewed from an optimal foraging perspective".
1881:
Montagnes, Djs; Barbosa, Ab; Boenigk, J; Davidson, K; Jürgens, K; Macek, M; Parry, Jd; Roberts, Ec; imek, K (2008-09-18).
1704:
Roszer, T; Menéndez-Gutiérrez, MP; Lefterova, MI; Alameda, D; Núñez, V; Lazar, MA; Fischer, T; Ricote, M (Jan 1, 2011).
1254:
151:
The first demonstration of phagocytosis as a property of leucocytes, the immune cells, was from the German zoologist
2007:
612:
1020:"Biochemical and Ultrastructural Evidence for the Double Role of Phagocytosis in Molluscs: Defense and Nutrition"
316:
1407:
Flannagan, Ronald S.; Jaumouillé, Valentin; Grinstein, Sergio (2012-02-28). "The Cell
Biology of Phagocytosis".
881:, Advances in Cellular and Molecular Biology of Membranes and Organelles, vol. 5, Elsevier, pp. 3–18,
379:
2164:
1976:
685:. The food particles will then be digested, and the released nutrients are diffused or transported into the
458:
and leading to degradation. Progressively, the phagolysosome is acidified, activating degradative enzymes.
359:
195:
2208:
2000:
17:
2112:
980:
565:, the dying cells need to be taken up into the surrounding tissues by macrophages in a process called
1249:. Travers, Paul, 1956-, Walport, Mark., Janeway, Charles. (8th ed.). New York: Garland Science.
729:
2107:
1986:
874:
719:
470:
301:
122:
411:
327:
1, 3 and 4. Macrophages are long-lived and can continue phagocytosis by forming new lysosomes.
221:
99:
50:
488:
Oxygen-independent degradation depends on the release of granules, containing enzymes such as
127:
2074:
2059:
1355:
Aderem, Alan; Underhill, David M. (April 1999). "Mechanisms of
Phagocytosis in Macrophages".
651:
549:
420:
416:
714:
331:
249:
Light microscopic video sequence of a neutrophil from human blood phagocytosing a bacterium
213:
1606:"Macrophages discriminate glycosylation patterns of apoptotic cell-derived microparticles"
8:
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1420:
842:
825:
497:
324:
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to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the
1982:
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receptor, or scavenger receptors. Some phagocytic pathways require a second signal from
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and antibiotic proteins. Degranulation of these into the phagosome, accompanied by high
180:
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199:
1883:"Selective feeding behaviour of key free-living protists: avenues for continued study"
1657:"PPAR-delta senses and orchestrates clearance of apoptotic cells to promote tolerance"
1506:
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As in phagocytic immune cells, the resulting phagosome may be merged with lysosomes(
2084:
2049:
1941:
1904:
1894:
1855:
1818:
1810:
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923:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 1246. pp. 9–42.
1945:
1814:
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68:
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38:
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176:
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102:
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Fcγ receptors recognise IgG coated targets. The main recognised part is the
2169:
1953:
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226:
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601:, which themselves then bind to other receptors on the macrophage such as
90:
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2069:
744:
739:
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320:
297:
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80:
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504:. Other antimicrobial peptides are present in these granules, including
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285:
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217:
207:
145:
141:
84:
76:
1672:
30:
777:"The birth of immunology. III. The fate of the phagocytosis theory"
532:, and other pathogens by generating several other toxic chemicals.
525:
501:
489:
451:
355:
261:
110:
106:
1299:"Neutrophils: Molecules, Functions and Pathophysiological Aspects"
387:
367:
2122:
2064:
1018:
Cheng, Thomas C. (1977), Bulla, Lee A.; Cheng, Thomas C. (eds.),
686:
662:
645:, phagocytosis takes place by surrounding the target object with
630:
586:
431:
343:
346:. Among these are receptors that recognise the Fc part of bound
1971:
1880:
678:
642:
481:
activate a halogenating system, which leads to the creation of
435:
166:
134:
Kölliker described the feeding process of an amoeba-like alga,
826:"The Phagocyte, Metchnikoff, and the Foundation of Immunology"
1397:
The Immune System, Peter Parham, Garland
Science, 2nd edition
598:
529:
466:
1654:
1564:
1406:
824:
Teti, Giuseppe; Biondo, Carmelo; Beninati, Concetta (2016).
602:
594:
509:
461:
Degradation can be oxygen-dependent or oxygen-independent.
582:
407:
1799:"Metabolic connections during apoptotic cell engulfment"
1603:
1573:
The
Respiratory Burst and Its Physiological Significance
1570:
1120:"Die Radiolarien (Rhizopoda radiaria): eine Monographie"
553:, are able to avoid phagocytosis by several mechanisms.
382:. The molecule of the receptor contain an intracellular
216:
defense. It is one of the first processes responding to
171:
Die
Radiolarien (Rhizopoda Radiaria): Eine Monographie.
1490:
649:, as in animal phagocytes. In humans, the amoebozoan
1796:
1065:"A method of studying leukocytic functions in vivo"
220:, and is also one of the initiating branches of an
155:. Haeckel discovered that blood cells of sea slug,
105:, phagocytosis is a major mechanism used to remove
1845:
823:
1409:Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease
981:"The role of lysosomes in molluscan inflammation"
2200:
232:
83:. A cell that performs phagocytosis is called a
1354:
577:(from the inner layer of the plasma membrane),
113:use phagocytosis as means to obtain nutrients.
921:Molecular and Cellular Biology of Phagocytosis
434:and other pathogen-associated sugars, such as
2008:
1535:
1062:
198:of a phagocyte (yellow, right) phagocytosing
175:Phagocytosis was noted by Canadian physician
1931:
1925:
1839:
1648:
1597:
1277:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1063:Rebuck, J. W.; Crowley, J. H. (1955-03-24).
494:Bactericidal permeability-increasing protein
406:These receptors recognise targets coated in
334:to the cells of the adaptive immune system.
148:(a generic name for microbes at the time).
1484:
1026:, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 21–30,
637:nutrition which takes place by absorption.
212:Phagocytosis is one main mechanisms of the
132:Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie,
2032:Mechanisms for chemical transport through
2015:
2001:
1797:Han, CZ; Ravichandran, KS (Dec 23, 2011).
1069:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
94:The engulfing of a pathogen by a phagocyte
1985:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1908:
1898:
1822:
1729:
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1631:
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1467:
1314:
1210:
1195:"Phagocytosis: An Immunobiologic Process"
841:
792:
611:
465:Oxygen-dependent degradation depends on
236:
190:
89:
67: 'cell') is the process by which a
37:
29:
27:Cell membrane engulfing a large particle
1150:
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914:
872:
695:can involve phagotrophic nutrition and
401:
337:
179:(1876), and later studied and named by
14:
2201:
2022:
1449:
1245:M.), Murphy, Kenneth (Kenneth (2012).
1192:
774:
689:for use in other metabolic processes.
364:pathogen-associated molecular patterns
1996:
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978:
2145:Non-specific, adsorptive pinocytosis
1421:10.1146/annurev-pathol-011811-132445
1058:
1056:
974:
972:
843:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0009-2015
426:
1848:The Journal of Experimental Biology
1610:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1244:
875:"The early history of phagocytosis"
450:of the phagocyte and is fused with
186:
24:
1339:
1285:
1227:
1179:
1081:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1955.tb45983.x
524:during phagocytosis, and can kill
362:(PRRs) activated by attachment to
25:
2225:
1964:
1053:
969:
917:"A Brief History of Phagocytosis"
908:
866:
1970:
1369:10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.593
485:and the destruction of bacteria.
373:
1874:
1790:
1746:
1697:
1529:
1452:"Vitamin C and the common cold"
1443:
1400:
1391:
556:
1144:
1111:
1011:
836:(2): MCHD-0009-2015 (online).
817:
768:
624:
500:and cationic proteins such as
42:Phagocytosis versus exocytosis
13:
1:
2165:Receptor-mediated endocytosis
1507:10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00659-8
1193:Gordon, Siamon (March 2016).
1165:10.1016/j.cellimm.2006.05.008
887:10.1016/s1874-5172(99)80025-x
761:
360:pattern recognition receptors
233:Professional phagocytic cells
1581:10.1007/978-1-4684-5496-3_15
1550:10.1016/0020-711x(85)90213-7
1456:British Journal of Nutrition
1212:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.026
915:Hallett, Maurice B. (2020).
794:10.1016/0008-8749(92)90089-8
441:
196:Scanning electron micrograph
7:
1357:Annual Review of Immunology
1032:10.1007/978-1-4615-7299-2_2
929:10.1007/978-3-030-40406-2_2
873:Stossel, Thomas P. (1999),
702:
535:Some bacteria, for example
60: 'to eat' and
10:
2230:
2113:Secondary active transport
1946:10.1078/143446103764928512
1815:10.1016/j.cell.2011.12.006
620:with ingested erythrocytes
205:
130:in 1849. In his report in
116:
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2130:
2121:
2083:
2040:
2030:
1887:Aquatic Microbial Ecology
1768:10.1007/s10495-010-0478-8
1316:10.1038/labinvest.3780067
979:Cheng, Thomas C. (1983).
730:Endosymbionts in protists
2108:Primary active transport
1987:Medical Subject Headings
1722:10.4049/jimmunol.1002230
1303:Laboratory Investigation
1024:Comparative Pathobiology
366:(PAMPS), which leads to
308:is highly microbicidal.
100:multicellular organism's
34:Overview of phagocytosis
1860:10.1242/jeb.205.14.2089
1623:10.1074/jbc.M111.273144
1247:Janeway's immunobiology
720:Antigen-presenting cell
677:) containing digestive
607:alpha-v beta-3 integrin
471:reactive oxygen species
302:reactive oxygen species
123:history of phagocytosis
1450:Hemilä, Harri (1992).
879:Phagocytosis: The Host
775:Tauber, A. I. (1992).
621:
469:and the production of
350:antibodies, deposited
250:
203:
95:
43:
35:
2060:Facilitated diffusion
1710:Journal of Immunology
830:Microbiology Spectrum
652:Entamoeba histolytica
618:Entamoeba histolytica
615:
550:Staphylococcus aureus
248:
194:
93:
79:. It is one type of
41:
33:
2034:biological membranes
1979:at Wikimedia Commons
1575:. pp. 315–347.
1118:Haeckel, E. (1962).
997:10.1093/icb/23.1.129
715:Antigen presentation
402:Complement receptors
338:Initiating receptors
332:antigen presentation
325:complement receptors
1469:10.1079/bjn19920004
1153:Cellular Immunology
781:Cellular Immunology
508:, which sequesters
498:Major basic protein
317:scavenger receptors
128:Albert von Kölliker
2209:Cellular processes
2054:mediated transport
2024:Membrane transport
1854:(Pt 14): 2089–97.
985:American Zoologist
622:
575:phosphatidylserine
538:Treponema pallidum
251:
204:
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36:
2196:
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2042:Passive transport
1975:Media related to
1590:978-1-4684-5498-7
1041:978-1-4615-7301-2
938:978-3-030-40405-5
896:978-1-55938-999-0
641:In some, such as
475:Hydrogen peroxide
427:Mannose receptors
313:mannose receptors
306:(oxidative burst)
246:
16:(Redirected from
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2127:
2085:Active transport
2050:Simple diffusion
2017:
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187:In immune system
181:Élie Metchnikoff
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1965:External links
1963:
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1789:
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1696:
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1616:(1): 496–503.
1596:
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1494:Brain Research
1483:
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1399:
1390:
1363:(1): 593–623.
1338:
1309:(5): 617–653.
1284:
1255:
1226:
1205:(3): 463–475.
1178:
1143:
1110:
1075:(5): 757–805.
1052:
1040:
1010:
991:(1): 129–144.
968:
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907:
895:
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787:(2): 505–530.
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2186:Degranulation
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2166:
2163:
2161:
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2140:Efferocytosis
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1809:(7): 1442–5.
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1716:(1): 621–31.
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771:
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756:
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750:Residual body
748:
746:
743:
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738:
736:
735:Paracytophagy
733:
731:
728:
726:
725:Emperipolesis
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
700:
698:
694:
690:
688:
684:
683:phagolysosome
680:
676:
675:food vacuoles
668:
664:
661:
658:
654:
653:
648:
644:
640:
639:
638:
636:
632:
619:
614:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:efferocytosis
564:
554:
552:
551:
546:
545:
544:Escheria coli
540:
539:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
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459:
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456:phagolysosome
453:
449:
439:
437:
433:
424:
422:
418:
413:
409:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
374:Fcγ receptors
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
335:
333:
328:
326:
322:
321:Fcγ receptors
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
230:
228:
227:invertebrates
223:
219:
215:
214:innate immune
209:
201:
197:
193:
184:
182:
178:
177:William Osler
173:
172:
168:
164:
160:
159:
154:
153:Ernst Haeckel
149:
147:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
124:
114:
112:
108:
104:
103:immune system
101:
92:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
55:
52:
51:Ancient Greek
48:
40:
32:
19:
2170:Transcytosis
2150:Phagocytosis
2149:
1983:Phagocytosis
1977:Phagocytosis
1937:
1933:
1927:
1910:10400.1/1891
1890:
1886:
1876:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1613:
1609:
1599:
1572:
1566:
1544:(3): 373–9.
1541:
1537:
1531:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1415:(1): 61–98.
1412:
1408:
1402:
1393:
1360:
1356:
1306:
1302:
1246:
1202:
1198:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1135:. Retrieved
1123:
1113:
1072:
1068:
1045:, retrieved
1023:
1013:
988:
984:
920:
910:
900:, retrieved
878:
868:
833:
829:
819:
784:
780:
770:
697:phototrophic
691:
681:, forming a
672:
650:
628:
617:
585:and altered
571:calreticulin
560:
557:In apoptosis
548:
542:
536:
534:
516:
483:hypochlorite
460:
454:, forming a
445:
430:
405:
377:
370:activation.
341:
329:
310:
278:
252:
211:
174:
170:
156:
150:
135:
131:
120:
97:
64:
61:
57:
54:
47:Phagocytosis
46:
45:
2160:Potocytosis
2155:Pinocytosis
2132:Endocytosis
1940:(1): 91–8.
1462:(1): 3–16.
745:Pinocytosis
740:Phagoptosis
699:nutrition.
635:osmotrophic
625:In protists
581:, oxidised
506:lactoferrin
384:ITAM domain
380:Fc fragment
304:production
298:lactoferrin
282:collagenase
274:eosinophils
270:osteoclasts
258:macrophages
254:Neutrophils
81:endocytosis
18:Phagocytose
2214:Phagocytes
2203:Categories
2180:Exocytosis
2103:Antiporter
1159:(1): 1–4.
1137:2023-04-07
1132:1042894741
1047:2023-04-07
902:2023-04-06
762:References
693:Mixotrophy
647:pseudopods
579:annexin A1
561:Following
518:Leukocytes
448:centrosome
352:complement
286:gelatinase
163:Indian ink
49:(from
2098:Symporter
2093:Uniporter
1919:0948-3055
1893:: 83–98.
1756:Apoptosis
1429:1553-4006
1377:0732-0582
1325:0023-6837
1273:cite book
1265:733935898
1089:0077-8923
1005:0003-1569
963:218618570
947:0065-2598
852:2165-0497
803:0008-8749
755:Cell wall
669:or mouth.
667:cytostome
563:apoptosis
520:generate
502:defensins
490:lysozymes
452:lysosomes
442:Phagosome
262:monocytes
218:infection
208:Phagocyte
146:infusoria
142:heliozoan
107:pathogens
85:phagocyte
77:phagosome
71:uses its
58:(phagein)
2075:Carriers
2070:Channels
2052:(or non-
1954:12812372
1868:12089212
1833:22196723
1784:12729066
1776:20198437
1740:21135166
1691:19838202
1642:22074924
1523:12277593
1437:21910624
1385:10358769
1333:10830774
1221:26982354
1199:Immunity
1173:16876776
1105:39306211
1097:13259351
955:32399823
860:27227301
703:See also
663:Ciliates
631:protists
629:In many
526:bacteria
344:opsonins
111:protozoa
2123:Cytosis
2065:Osmosis
1934:Protist
1824:3254670
1731:4038038
1682:2783696
1633:3249103
1558:2989021
1515:9369328
1478:1547201
811:1733516
687:cytosol
679:enzymes
587:glycans
432:Mannose
396:FcγRIII
392:FcγRIIA
117:History
65:(kytos)
1989:(MeSH)
1952:
1917:
1866:
1831:
1821:
1782:
1774:
1738:
1728:
1689:
1679:
1640:
1630:
1587:
1556:
1521:
1513:
1476:
1435:
1427:
1383:
1375:
1331:
1323:
1263:
1253:
1219:
1171:
1130:
1103:
1095:
1087:
1038:
1003:
961:
953:
945:
935:
893:
858:
850:
809:
801:
643:amoeba
597:, and
513:death.
436:fucose
394:, and
356:Dectin
167:indigo
158:Tethys
56:φαγεῖν
1780:S2CID
1519:S2CID
1101:S2CID
959:S2CID
599:MFGE8
530:fungi
467:NADPH
388:FcγRI
368:NF-κB
98:In a
63:κύτος
53:
1950:PMID
1915:ISSN
1864:PMID
1829:PMID
1803:Cell
1772:PMID
1736:PMID
1687:PMID
1638:PMID
1585:ISBN
1554:PMID
1511:PMID
1474:PMID
1433:PMID
1425:ISSN
1381:PMID
1373:ISSN
1329:PMID
1321:ISSN
1279:link
1261:OCLC
1251:ISBN
1217:PMID
1169:PMID
1128:OCLC
1093:PMID
1085:ISSN
1036:ISBN
1001:ISSN
951:PMID
943:ISSN
933:ISBN
891:ISBN
856:PMID
848:ISSN
807:PMID
799:ISSN
605:and
603:CD36
595:GAS6
547:and
510:iron
477:and
323:and
272:and
165:(or
121:The
69:cell
1942:doi
1938:154
1905:hdl
1895:doi
1856:doi
1852:205
1819:PMC
1811:doi
1807:147
1764:doi
1726:PMC
1718:doi
1714:186
1677:PMC
1669:doi
1628:PMC
1618:doi
1614:287
1577:doi
1546:doi
1503:doi
1499:768
1464:doi
1417:doi
1365:doi
1311:doi
1207:doi
1161:doi
1157:240
1077:doi
1028:doi
993:doi
925:doi
883:doi
838:doi
789:doi
785:139
583:LDL
421:CR3
417:CR1
412:C4b
408:C3b
348:IgG
288:or
140:(a
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