886:. Rutting begins in the late rainy or early dry season and birthing begins near the start of the following rainy season. The mating system is described as "overlap promiscuity": the males have ranges overlapping several female ranges, and the daily behavior of the female is unpredictable. Boars employ two mating strategies during the rut. With the "staying tactic", a boar will stay and defend certain females or a resource valuable to them. In the "roaming tactic", boars seek out estrous sows and compete for them. Boars will wait for sows to emerge from their burrows. A dominant boar will displace any other boar that also tries to court his female. When a sow leaves her den, the boar will try to demonstrate his dominance and then follow her before copulation. For the "staying tactic", monogamy, female-defense
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associate in bachelor groups, but males live alone when they become adults. Adult males only join sounders with estrous females. Warthogs have two facial glands: the tusk gland and the sebaceous gland. Common warthogs of both sexes begin to mark around six to seven months old. Males tend to mark more than females. They mark sleeping and feeding areas and waterholes. Common warthogs use tusk marking for courtship, for antagonistic behaviors, and to establish status.
102:
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906:. Allosucking does not seem to be a case of mistaken identity or milk theft, and may be a sign of kin altruism. Piglets begin grazing at about two to three weeks and are weaned by six months. Piglets quickly attain mobility and stay close to their mothers for defense. Common warthogs live for an average of 7 to 11 years in the wild. Captive specimens on the other hand can live for an average of 21 years.
482:
626:, being about 4.5 cm (1.8 in) deep and 2.5 cm (0.98 in) wide. A tusk will curve 90° or more from the root, and will not lie flat on a table, as it curves somewhat backwards as it grows. The tusks are not used for digging, but are used for combat with other hogs and in defense against predators – the lower set can inflict severe wounds.
696:
Although capable of fighting (males fight each other during mating season), the common warthog's primary defense is to flee by means of fast sprinting. When threatened, warthogs can run at speeds of up to 48 km/h (30 mph), they will run with their tails sticking up and will enter their dens
641:
The head of the common warthog is large, with a mane down the spine to the middle of the back. Sparse hair covers the body. Its color is usually black or brown. Tails are long and end with a tuft of hair. Common warthogs do not have subcutaneous fat and the coat is sparse, making them susceptible to
612:
The common warthog is a medium-sized species, with a head-and-body length ranging from 0.9 to 1.5 m (2 ft 11 in to 4 ft 11 in), and shoulder height from 63.5 to 85 cm (25.0 to 33.5 in). Females, at 45 to 75 kg (99 to 165 lb), are smaller and lighter than
687:
Warthogs are powerful diggers, using both their snouts and feet. When feeding, they often bend their front feet backwards and move around on the wrists. Calloused pads that protect the wrists during such movement form early in the development of the fetus. Although they can dig their own burrows,
758:
Common warthogs are not territorial, but instead occupy a home range. Common warthogs live in groups called sounders. Females live in sounders with their young and with other females. Females tend to stay in their natal groups, while males leave, but stay within the home range. Subadult males
680:, composed of grasses, roots, berries and other fruits, bark, fungi, insects, eggs and carrion. The diet is seasonably variable, depending on availability of different food items. During the wet seasons, warthogs graze on short perennial grasses. During the dry seasons, they subsist on bulbs,
914:
As of 1999, the common warthog population in southern Africa was estimated to be about 250,000. Typical densities range between 1 and 10 km (0.39 and 3.86 sq mi) in protected areas, but local densities of 77 km (30 sq mi) were found on short grass in
901:
is two to eight piglets, with two to four typical. The sow will stay in the burrow for several weeks, nursing her piglets. Common warthog sows have been observed to nurse foster piglets if they lose their own litter. This behavior, known as allosucking, makes them
692:
and other animals. The common warthog commonly reverses into burrows, with its head facing the opening and ready to burst out if necessary. Common warthogs will wallow in mud to cope with high temperatures and huddle together to cope with low temperatures.
633:
is taken from the constantly growing canine teeth. The tusks, particularly the upper set, work in much the same way as elephant tusks with all designs scaled down. Tusks are carved predominantly for the tourist trade in eastern and southern
737:
sometimes prey on piglets. However, a female common warthog will defend her piglets aggressively. On occasion, common warthogs have been observed charging and even wounding large predators. Common warthogs have also been observed allowing
919:
in Kenya. The species is susceptible to drought and hunting (especially with dogs), which may result in localized extinctions. The common warthog is present in numerous protected areas across its extensive range.
617:
protruding from the mouth and curving upwards. The lower pair, which is far shorter than the upper pair, becomes razor-sharp by rubbing against the upper pair every time the mouth is opened and closed. The upper
1324:
825:
1643:
805:
1096:
1199:
Estes, R. (1991). The
Behavior Guide to African Mammals, Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates. Los Angeles, University of California Press. pp. 218–221
845:
765:
1239:
Kingdon, J. (1979). East
African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume 3, Part B: Large Mammals. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. pp. 231–249.
1636:"Warthogs on the loose in Texas — African hogs likely escapees from ranches that import exotics - Texas Hunting & Fishing | Lone Star Outdoor News"
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In 2020, it was noted that a population of warthogs, descendants of escaped individuals from game ranches, were running free in southern
897:
period is five to six months. When they are about to give birth, sows temporarily leave their families to farrow in a separate hole. The
864:
1386:
1530:
Jensen, S.P., Siefert, L., Okori, J.J.L., Clutlon-Brock, T.H. (1999). "Age
Related Participation in Allosucking by Nursing Warthogs."
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6410:
6226:
1302:
6265:
1685:
1118:
6461:
1713:
1403:
Maher, C. R.; Lott, D.F. (1995). "Definitions of territoriality used in the study of variation in vertebrate spacing systems".
17:
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1258:
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1596:
Study on the development of
Transboundary Natural Resource Management Areas in Southern Africa – Environmental Context
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890:, or resource-defense polygyny is promoted, while the "roaming tactic" promotes scramble-competition polygyny.
598:
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66:
41:
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6192:
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The common warthog is the only pig species that has adapted to grazing and savanna habitats. Its diet is
655:
126:
2134:
1706:
1485:
Sandell, M.; Liberg, O. (1992). "Roamers
Stayers: A Model on Male Mating Tactics and Mating Systems".
5111:
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458:
4898:
1598:. Natural Resources, Land Use, and Conservation. Biodiversity Support Program. Washington, DC, USA.
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males, at 60 to 150 kg (130 to 330 lb). A warthog is identifiable by the two pairs of
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Estes, R.D.; Cumming, D.; Hearn, G.; Warthog (1982). "New Facial Gland in
Domestic Pig".
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1986:
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Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.
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2403:
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378:
58:
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rear first with tusks facing out. The common warthog's main predators are
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can grow to 25.5 cm (10.0 in) long and have a wide elliptical
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2004:
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309:
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2214:
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1859:
1050:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1008:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
856:
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83:
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3938:
3929:
3387:
3378:
3313:
3304:
3294:
3216:
2749:
2562:
2412:
1748:
1736:
1680:
955:
de Jong, Y.A.; Cumming, D.; d'Huart, J.; Butynski, T. (2017) .
871:
635:
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301:
188:
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148:
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3779:
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3152:
2644:
2635:
1844:
1835:
1366:
by Konig, Weick & Becking. Yale
University Press (2009),
929:
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504:
481:
434:
406:
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321:
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2152:
747:
702:
614:
438:
390:
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4329:
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3207:
2589:
1275:
Pigs, Peccaries and Hippos Status Survey and Action Plan
3580:
4123:
1402:
1154:
Wilson, Don E.; Mittermeier, Russell A., eds. (2011).
316:, but today that scientific name is restricted to the
1484:
1608:
Radke, R. (1991). "Monographie des warzenschweines (
753:
1153:
6443:
1721:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1221:Kleiman, D.G., Geist, V., McDade, M.C. (2004).
304:) found in grassland, savanna, and woodland in
1545:Communication and Expression in Hoofed Mammals
1526:
1524:
1331:. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014
1235:
1233:
1231:
1217:
1215:
1213:
980:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41768A44140445.en
1707:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1195:
1473:
1251:Southern African wildlife: a visitor's guide
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1156:Handbook of the Mammals of the World, Vol. 2
1043:
1001:
308:. In the past, it was commonly treated as a
1521:
1228:
1210:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1796:
1714:
1700:
1431:
282: Possible range or accidental records
262:
100:
65:
40:
6031:
3503:
1566:"Phacochoerus africanus (common warthog)"
1172:
978:
923:
5912:
3302:
1547:. Bloomington, Indiana University Press
1079:
664:
649:
592:
584:
276: Distribution of the common warthog
2203:
1774:
1093:"Phacochoerus africanus common warthog"
688:they often occupy abandoned burrows of
14:
6444:
1921:
1393:. Wildwatch.com. Retrieved 2012-08-22.
950:
948:
946:
944:
909:
300:) is a wild member of the pig family (
6472:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin
6139:
6138:
6030:
5899:
5898:
5504:
4587:
4122:
3579:
3041:
2187:
1773:
1695:
1607:
1576:from the original on 15 December 2022
1248:
1090:
6429:F4A48701-DAD5-4B0F-8CC0-46CE1C9C4AD1
3339:
1305:from the original on 31 October 2019
642:extreme environmental temperatures.
487:Eastern or Central African warthog (
6452:IUCN Red List least concern species
2188:
1253:. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 68.
1099:from the original on 29 August 2011
995:
966:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
941:
831:Young male kneels to protect throat
24:
5505:
3042:
1646:from the original on 30 March 2023
1612:)" [Monograph on the warthog (
1325:"Martial Eagle Kills Baby Warthog"
1223:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
1095:. Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu.
25:
6483:
1661:
1563:
1679:
1667:
863:
844:
824:
804:
784:
764:
754:Social behavior and reproduction
523:
480:
445:
395:Democratic Republic of the Congo
354:
125:
2066:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
1628:
1601:
1588:
1557:
1537:
1396:
1377:
1357:
1317:
1287:
1267:
1242:
1091:Creel, Eileen (11 March 2005).
254:
2855:Central American red brocket (
1158:. Lynx Edicions. p. 277.
1147:
1111:
1055:Johns Hopkins University Press
1047:; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005).
1037:
1013:Johns Hopkins University Press
1005:; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005).
589:Skull of a male common warthog
580:
13:
1:
6462:Mammals of Sub-Saharan Africa
935:
335:
27:Wild member of the pig family
3562:Large subfamily listed below
3550:Large subfamily listed below
3538:Large subfamily listed below
1417:10.1016/0003-3472(95)90080-2
1273:Vercammen, P., Mason, D.R. "
7:
2057:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
2048:Indian spotted chevrotain (
656:Addo Elephant National Park
361:Nolan or northern warthog (
10:
6488:
1594:Cumming, D. H. M. (1999).
645:
6467:Mammals described in 1788
6385:
6147:
6105:
6077:
6053:
6044:
6040:
6026:
5993:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
5984:Domestic Bactrian camel (
5972:
5921:
5908:
5894:
5858:
5834:
5810:
5801:
5683:
5650:
5626:
5593:
5569:
5548:North Sulawesi babirusa (
5527:
5518:
5514:
5500:
5464:
5422:
5245:
5236:
5190:
5166:
5142:
5100:
5049:
5025:
5016:
4988:
4964:
4957:
4911:
4851:
4827:
4740:
4689:
4665:
4641:
4617:
4608:
4604:
4583:
4538:
4439:
4430:
4402:
4378:
4273:
4213:
4204:
4176:
4152:
4143:
4139:
4118:
4077:
4053:
3975:
3951:
3927:
3903:
3852:
3828:
3777:
3672:
3648:
3624:
3600:
3596:
3575:
3555:
3543:
3531:
3494:
3457:
3433:
3400:
3376:
3367:
3330:
3293:
3247:
3187:
3178:
3150:
3099:
3066:
3057:
3053:
3037:
2983:
2949:
2915:
2891:
2867:
2837:Amazonian brown brocket (
2771:
2738:
2714:
2681:
2657:
2633:
2624:
2560:
2509:
2485:
2452:
2401:
2368:
2344:
2212:
2199:
2183:
2170:Large family listed below
2163:
2158:Large family listed below
2151:
2135:Williamson's mouse-deer (
2078:
2036:
2012:
2003:
1912:
1857:
1833:
1824:
1787:
1783:
1769:
1731:
1384:Warthog – Africa's Jester
1349:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
684:, and nutritious roots.
270:
261:
251:
246:
227:
220:
122:Scientific classification
120:
98:
89:
73:
64:
48:
39:
34:
4234:Domestic water buffalo (
2599:Central Asian red deer (
2224:Bornean yellow muntjac (
1614:Phacochoerus aethiopicus
1610:Phacochoerus aethiopicus
746:to groom them to remove
387:Central African Republic
5112:Bates' pygmy antelope (
4899:Soemmerring's gazelle (
3004:Yucatan brown brocket (
2233:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
2117:Philippine mouse-deer (
1543:Walther, F. R. (1984).
1487:The American Naturalist
834:Tswalu Kalahari Reserve
814:Tswalu Kalahari Reserve
55:Tswalu Kalahari Reserve
6179:Phacochoerus africanus
6149:Phacochoerus africanus
5822:White-lipped peccary (
5758:Philippine warty pig (
5383:Yellow-backed duiker (
5347:Black-fronted duiker (
5320:White-bellied duiker (
4941:Przewalski's gazelle (
4164:Four-horned antelope (
2962:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
2521:Visayan spotted deer (
2380:European fallow deer (
2323:Northern red muntjac (
2269:Southern red muntjac (
1686:Phacochoerus africanus
1674:Phacochoerus africanus
1534:London 248(4): 443–449
1295:"Facts About Warthogs"
1121:Phacochoerus africanus
973:: e.T41768A109669842.
959:Phacochoerus africanus
932:in the United States.
924:As an invasive species
673:
662:
609:
599:Natural History Museum
590:
297:Phacochoerus africanus
231:Phacochoerus africanus
18:Phacochoerus africanus
6357:Paleobiology Database
6002:Wild Bactrian camel (
5704:Bornean bearded pig (
5695:Palawan bearded pig (
5284:White-legged duiker (
4710:Red-fronted gazelle (
2389:Persian fallow deer (
2305:Roosevelt's muntjac (
1978:Himalayan musk deer (
1887:Reticulated giraffe (
1225:. The Gale Group Inc.
731:Verreaux's eagle owls
668:
654:A warthog grazing at
653:
596:
588:
6089:Pygmy hippopotamus (
5749:Oliver's warty pig (
5374:Red-flanked duiker (
4779:Erlanger's gazelle (
4499:Harnessed bushbuck (
4225:Wild water buffalo (
3702:East Caucasian tur (
3693:West Caucasian tur (
2846:Little red brocket (
2314:Truong Son muntjac (
2126:Vietnam mouse-deer (
2108:Greater mouse-deer (
1987:Siberian musk deer (
1688:at Wikimedia Commons
1570:Animal Diversity Web
1447:Journal of Mammalogy
1389:5 April 2011 at the
1249:Unwin, Mike (2003).
917:Nakuru National Park
904:cooperative breeders
882:Common warthogs are
876:Etosha National Park
811:Young males fighting
794:Etosha National park
774:Etosha National park
80:Etosha National Park
5722:Celebes warty pig (
5713:Visayan warty pig (
5329:Red forest duiker (
5061:Günther's dik-dik (
4923:Mongolian gazelle (
4728:Heuglin's gazelle (
4719:Thomson's gazelle (
3873:Long-tailed goral (
3268:Mountain reedbuck (
3259:Southern reedbuck (
3111:East African oryx (
3013:White-tailed deer (
2792:Small red brocket (
2759:South Andean deer (
2702:Siberian roe deer (
2693:European roe deer (
2530:Philippine sambar (
2497:Père David's deer (
2099:Lesser mouse-deer (
1960:Kashmir musk deer (
910:Conservation status
669:Warthog fighting a
92:Conservation status
5870:Collared peccary (
5740:Flores warty pig (
5581:Giant forest hog (
5443:Maxwell's duiker (
5365:Ruwenzori duiker (
5311:Jentink's duiker (
5220:Sharpe's grysbok (
4976:Tibetan antelope (
4881:Bright's gazelle (
4815:Goitered gazelle (
4788:Mountain gazelle (
4761:Cuvier's gazelle (
4701:Mongalla gazelle (
4089:Pyrenean chamois (
3515:Tibetan antelope (
3469:Black wildebeest (
2296:Reeves's muntjac (
2260:Sumatran muntjac (
2251:Gongshan muntjac (
2024:Water chevrotain (
1951:Alpine musk deer (
1878:Southern giraffe (
1869:Northern giraffe (
1624:. Berlin: 119–134.
1532:Journal of Zoology
1280:9 May 2008 at the
674:
663:
610:
591:
530:Southern warthog (
452:Eritrean warthog (
306:sub-Saharan Africa
6439:
6438:
6344:Open Tree of Life
6141:Taxon identifiers
6132:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6101:
6100:
6022:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6014:
6013:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5846:Chacoan peccary (
5797:
5796:
5785:Javan warty pig (
5776:Timor warty pig (
5583:H. meinertzhageni
5557:Togian babirusa (
5496:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5452:Walter's duiker (
5392:Abbott's duiker (
5356:Ogilby's duiker (
5302:Harvey's duiker (
5266:Brooke's duiker (
5232:
5231:
5012:
5011:
4953:
4952:
4890:Peter's gazelle (
4872:Grant's gazelle (
4806:Speke's gazelle (
4579:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4456:
4426:
4425:
4414:African buffalo (
4245:B. depressicornis
4200:
4199:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4109:
3882:Himalayan goral (
3704:C. cylindricornis
3571:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3527:
3526:
3490:
3489:
3478:Blue wildebeest (
3412:Common tsessebe (
3363:
3362:
3326:
3325:
3289:
3288:
3201:K. ellipsiprymnus
3174:
3173:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:
2973:P. mephistophiles
2929:P. mephistophiles
2620:
2619:
2316:M. truongsonensis
2278:Pu Hoat muntjac (
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2147:
2146:
2090:Java mouse-deer (
1999:
1998:
1969:Black musk deer (
1942:Dwarf musk deer (
1933:Anhui musk deer (
1908:
1907:
1871:G. camelopardalis
1820:
1819:
1684:Media related to
1364:Owls of the World
1301:. 21 March 2017.
1260:978-1-84162-060-2
1064:978-0-8018-8221-0
1022:978-0-8018-8221-0
884:seasonal breeders
791:Female with young
578:
577:
537:
532:P. a. sundevallii
497:
462:
371:
288:
287:
213:P. africanus
115:
76:P. a. sundevallii
51:P. a. sundevallii
16:(Redirected from
6479:
6432:
6431:
6419:
6418:
6406:
6405:
6404:
6378:
6377:
6365:
6364:
6352:
6351:
6339:
6338:
6326:
6325:
6313:
6312:
6300:
6299:
6287:
6286:
6274:
6273:
6261:
6260:
6248:
6247:
6235:
6234:
6222:
6221:
6209:
6208:
6196:
6195:
6183:
6182:
6181:
6168:
6167:
6166:
6136:
6135:
6051:
6050:
6042:
6041:
6028:
6027:
5919:
5918:
5910:
5909:
5896:
5895:
5808:
5807:
5614:Common warthog (
5605:Desert warthog (
5525:
5524:
5516:
5515:
5502:
5501:
5401:Weyns's duiker (
5275:Peters' duiker (
5257:Aders's duiker (
5243:
5242:
5130:Royal antelope (
5088:Salt's dik-dik (
5079:Silver dik-dik (
5070:Kirk's dik-dik (
5023:
5022:
5000:Saiga antelope (
4962:
4961:
4901:N. soemmerringii
4770:Dorcas gazelle (
4615:
4614:
4606:
4605:
4599:
4585:
4584:
4472:Mountain nyala (
4455:
4454:
4446:
4437:
4436:
4392:P. nghetinhensis
4294:European bison (
4285:American bison (
4211:
4210:
4150:
4149:
4141:
4140:
4134:
4120:
4119:
3996:Domestic sheep (
3840:Himalayan tahr (
3807:Mainland serow (
3789:Japanese serow (
3598:
3597:
3591:
3577:
3576:
3501:
3500:
3374:
3373:
3337:
3336:
3300:
3299:
3277:Bohor reedbuck (
3185:
3184:
3164:A. nasomaculatus
3087:Sable antelope (
3064:
3063:
3055:
3054:
3048:
3039:
3038:
2801:Merida brocket (
2631:
2630:
2572:Thorold's deer (
2424:A. calamianensis
2307:M. rooseveltorum
2253:M. gongshanensis
2210:
2209:
2201:
2200:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2010:
2009:
1919:
1918:
1898:G. tippelskirchi
1831:
1830:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1784:
1771:
1770:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1683:
1672:Data related to
1671:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1605:
1599:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1561:
1555:
1541:
1535:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1482:
1471:
1470:
1442:
1429:
1428:
1405:Animal Behaviour
1400:
1394:
1381:
1375:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1348:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1329:Orion-hotels.net
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1291:
1285:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1226:
1219:
1208:
1197:
1170:
1169:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1134:
1128:. Archived from
1127:
1119:"Common Warthog
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1088:
1077:
1076:
1053:(3rd ed.).
1041:
1035:
1034:
1011:(3rd ed.).
999:
993:
991:
989:
987:
982:
952:
867:
848:
828:
808:
788:
768:
740:banded mongooses
597:Skeleton at the
535:
527:
492:
484:
457:
449:
366:
358:
340:
339:
281:
275:
266:
233:
130:
129:
109:
104:
103:
69:
44:
32:
31:
21:
6487:
6486:
6482:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6476:
6442:
6441:
6440:
6435:
6427:
6422:
6414:
6409:
6400:
6399:
6394:
6381:
6373:
6368:
6360:
6355:
6347:
6342:
6334:
6331:Observation.org
6329:
6321:
6316:
6308:
6303:
6295:
6290:
6282:
6277:
6269:
6264:
6256:
6251:
6243:
6238:
6230:
6225:
6217:
6212:
6204:
6199:
6191:
6186:
6177:
6176:
6171:
6162:
6161:
6156:
6143:
6133:
6120:
6097:
6073:
6036:
6010:
5968:
5904:
5878:
5854:
5830:
5793:
5760:S. philippensis
5697:S. ahoenobarbus
5679:
5671:Red river hog (
5646:
5622:
5589:
5565:
5539:Buru babirusa (
5510:
5484:
5476:Common duiker (
5460:
5418:
5228:
5186:
5162:
5138:
5096:
5045:
5008:
4984:
4949:
4934:P. picticaudata
4907:
4847:
4823:
4817:G. subgutturosa
4736:
4685:
4661:
4637:
4600:
4589:
4567:
4534:
4526:Cape bushbuck (
4519:T. strepsiceros
4448:
4447:
4445:
4422:
4398:
4374:
4269:
4261:Mountain anoa (
4196:
4190:B. tragocamelus
4172:
4166:T. quadricornis
4135:
4124:
4106:
4073:
4049:
4005:Bighorn sheep (
3971:
3947:
3923:
3915:Mountain goat (
3899:
3891:Chinese goral (
3848:
3824:
3809:C. sumatraensis
3773:
3756:Siberian ibex (
3720:Domestic goat (
3668:
3644:
3620:
3612:Barbary sheep (
3592:
3581:
3563:
3551:
3539:
3523:
3486:
3453:
3429:
3396:
3359:
3322:
3285:
3243:
3170:
3146:
3120:Scimitar oryx (
3095:
3078:Roan antelope (
3049:
3043:
3021:
2979:
2971:Northern pudu (
2945:
2937:Southern pudu (
2927:Northern pudu (
2911:
2887:
2863:
2828:Pygmy brocket (
2810:Dwarf brocket (
2767:
2734:
2710:
2677:
2653:
2616:
2556:
2505:
2481:
2448:
2422:Calamian deer (
2397:
2391:D. mesopotamica
2364:
2340:
2334:M. vuquangensis
2332:Giant muntjac (
2242:Fea's muntjac (
2195:
2189:
2171:
2159:
2143:
2074:
2032:
1995:
1953:M. chrysogaster
1904:
1896:Masai giraffe (
1853:
1816:
1779:
1765:
1727:
1720:
1664:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1640:www.lsonews.com
1634:
1633:
1629:
1606:
1602:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1564:Creel, Eileen.
1562:
1558:
1542:
1538:
1529:
1522:
1483:
1474:
1459:10.2307/1380267
1443:
1432:
1401:
1397:
1391:Wayback Machine
1382:
1378:
1362:
1358:
1342:
1341:
1334:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1282:Wayback Machine
1272:
1268:
1261:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1198:
1173:
1166:
1152:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1100:
1089:
1080:
1065:
1042:
1038:
1023:
1000:
996:
985:
983:
953:
942:
938:
926:
912:
878:
868:
859:
855:
852:P. a. africanus
849:
840:
832:
829:
820:
812:
809:
800:
792:
789:
780:
772:
769:
756:
648:
629:Common warthog
583:
489:P. a. massaicus
363:P. a. africanus
338:
284:
283:
279:
277:
273:
242:
235:
229:
216:
124:
116:
105:
101:
94:
78:
53:
35:Common warthog
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6485:
6475:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6433:
6420:
6407:
6391:
6389:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6379:
6366:
6353:
6340:
6327:
6314:
6301:
6288:
6275:
6262:
6249:
6236:
6223:
6210:
6197:
6184:
6169:
6153:
6151:
6145:
6144:
6130:
6129:
6126:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6118:
6111:
6109:
6103:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6091:C. liberiensis
6085:
6083:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6071:
6065:Hippopotamus (
6061:
6059:
6048:
6046:Hippopotamidae
6038:
6037:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6008:
5999:
5995:C. dromedarius
5990:
5980:
5978:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5957:
5948:
5939:
5929:
5927:
5916:
5906:
5905:
5892:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5876:
5866:
5864:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5852:
5842:
5840:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5818:
5816:
5805:
5799:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5791:
5782:
5778:S. timoriensis
5773:
5764:
5755:
5746:
5737:
5731:Domestic pig (
5728:
5719:
5710:
5701:
5691:
5689:
5681:
5680:
5678:
5677:
5668:
5658:
5656:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5634:
5632:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5611:
5607:P. aethiopicus
5601:
5599:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5577:
5575:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5559:B. togeanensis
5554:
5545:
5535:
5533:
5522:
5512:
5511:
5498:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5472:
5470:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5449:
5440:
5430:
5428:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5410:Zebra duiker (
5407:
5398:
5389:
5385:C. silvicultor
5380:
5371:
5362:
5353:
5344:
5338:Black duiker (
5335:
5326:
5322:C. leucogaster
5317:
5308:
5299:
5290:
5281:
5272:
5263:
5253:
5251:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5217:
5211:Cape grysbok (
5208:
5198:
5196:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5174:
5172:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5154:Klipspringer (
5150:
5148:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5127:
5118:
5108:
5106:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5085:
5081:M. piacentinii
5076:
5067:
5057:
5055:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5033:
5031:
5020:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
4996:
4994:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4972:
4970:
4959:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4943:P. przewalskii
4938:
4929:
4919:
4917:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4896:
4887:
4878:
4869:
4863:Dama gazelle (
4859:
4857:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4835:
4833:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4812:
4803:
4797:Rhim gazelle (
4794:
4785:
4776:
4767:
4758:
4748:
4746:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4725:
4716:
4707:
4697:
4695:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4673:
4671:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4655:A. marsupialis
4649:
4647:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4625:
4623:
4612:
4602:
4601:
4581:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4559:Common eland (
4556:
4546:
4544:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4523:
4517:Greater kudu (
4514:
4505:
4496:
4487:
4478:
4469:
4459:
4457:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4410:
4408:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4386:
4384:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4363:
4354:
4345:
4336:
4330:Domestic yak (
4327:
4318:
4309:
4300:
4291:
4281:
4279:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4258:
4254:B. mindorensis
4249:
4243:Lowland anoa (
4240:
4231:
4221:
4219:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4184:
4182:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4160:
4158:
4147:
4137:
4136:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4095:
4085:
4083:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4061:
4059:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4038:
4029:
4020:
4011:
4002:
3993:
3983:
3981:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3963:Nilgiri tahr (
3959:
3957:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3935:
3933:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3911:
3909:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3888:
3879:
3870:
3860:
3858:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3816:Taiwan serow (
3813:
3804:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3762:
3753:
3747:Iberian ibex (
3744:
3735:
3726:
3717:
3708:
3699:
3690:
3680:
3678:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3656:
3654:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3636:Arabian tahr (
3632:
3630:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3608:
3606:
3594:
3593:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3511:
3509:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3475:
3465:
3463:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3441:
3439:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3418:
3408:
3406:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3384:
3382:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3274:
3270:R. fulvorufula
3265:
3255:
3253:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3232:
3223:
3214:
3205:
3195:
3193:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3138:Arabian oryx (
3135:
3126:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3084:
3074:
3072:
3061:
3051:
3050:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:O. virginianus
3010:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2934:
2923:
2921:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2899:
2897:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2881:O. bezoarticus
2875:
2873:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2852:
2843:
2834:
2825:
2821:M. gouazoubira
2819:Gray brocket (
2816:
2807:
2798:
2789:
2779:
2777:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2756:
2746:
2744:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2699:
2689:
2687:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2605:
2596:
2587:
2578:
2574:C. albirostris
2568:
2566:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2517:
2515:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2493:
2491:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2358:E. cephalophus
2352:
2350:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2302:
2293:
2287:Leaf muntjac (
2284:
2280:M. puhoatensis
2275:
2266:
2257:
2248:
2239:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2207:
2197:
2196:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2137:T. williamsoni
2132:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2063:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1989:M. moschiferus
1984:
1980:M. leucogaster
1975:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1944:M. berezovskii
1939:
1929:
1927:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1865:
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1851:
1841:
1839:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1791:
1789:Antilocapridae
1781:
1780:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1761:Laurasiatheria
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1677:
1676:at Wikispecies
1663:
1662:External links
1660:
1658:
1657:
1642:. 9 May 2015.
1627:
1600:
1587:
1556:
1536:
1520:
1499:10.1086/285319
1493:(1): 177–189.
1472:
1453:(4): 618–624.
1430:
1395:
1376:
1356:
1316:
1286:
1266:
1259:
1241:
1227:
1209:
1171:
1165:978-8496553774
1164:
1146:
1135:on 15 May 2013
1110:
1078:
1063:
1036:
1021:
994:
939:
937:
934:
925:
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908:
880:
879:
869:
862:
860:
850:
843:
841:
830:
823:
821:
810:
803:
801:
790:
783:
781:
770:
763:
755:
752:
744:vervet monkeys
735:martial eagles
647:
644:
582:
579:
576:
575:
538:
536:Lönnberg, 1908
528:
520:
519:
498:
485:
477:
476:
463:
450:
442:
441:
372:
359:
351:
350:
347:
344:
337:
334:
328:, and eastern
318:desert warthog
314:P. aethiopicus
292:common warthog
286:
285:
278:
272:
271:
268:
267:
259:
258:
249:
248:
244:
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118:
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86:
71:
70:
62:
61:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6484:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6430:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6412:
6408:
6403:
6397:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6388:
6387:Sus africanus
6384:
6376:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6358:
6354:
6350:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6319:
6315:
6311:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6293:
6289:
6285:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6267:
6263:
6259:
6254:
6250:
6246:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6228:
6224:
6220:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6202:
6198:
6194:
6189:
6185:
6180:
6174:
6170:
6165:
6159:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6146:
6142:
6137:
6117:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6104:
6094:
6092:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6076:
6070:
6068:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6058:
6057:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6029:
6025:
6007:
6005:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5991:
5989:
5987:
5986:C. bactrianus
5982:
5981:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5971:
5965:
5963:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5940:
5938:
5936:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5897:
5893:
5875:
5873:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5857:
5851:
5849:
5844:
5843:
5841:
5839:
5838:
5833:
5827:
5825:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5815:
5814:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5800:
5790:
5788:
5787:S. verrucosus
5783:
5781:
5779:
5774:
5772:
5770:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5733:S. domesticus
5729:
5727:
5725:
5724:S. celebensis
5720:
5718:
5716:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5682:
5676:
5674:
5669:
5667:
5665:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5655:
5654:
5653:Potamochoerus
5649:
5643:
5641:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5625:
5619:
5617:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5586:
5584:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5560:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5550:B. celebensis
5546:
5544:
5542:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5503:
5499:
5481:
5479:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5463:
5457:
5455:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5441:
5439:
5437:
5434:Blue duiker (
5432:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5421:
5415:
5413:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5349:C. nigrifrons
5345:
5343:
5341:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5331:C. natalensis
5327:
5325:
5323:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5300:
5298:
5296:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5277:C. callipygus
5273:
5271:
5269:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5225:
5223:
5218:
5216:
5214:
5209:
5207:
5205:
5204:R. campestris
5200:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5189:
5183:
5181:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5159:
5157:
5156:O. oreotragus
5152:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5135:
5133:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5093:
5091:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5042:
5040:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5005:
5003:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4981:
4979:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4963:
4960:
4956:
4946:
4944:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4930:
4928:
4926:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4904:
4902:
4897:
4895:
4893:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4844:
4842:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4820:
4818:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4799:G. leptoceros
4795:
4793:
4791:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4733:
4731:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4703:E. albonotata
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4682:
4680:
4679:A. cervicapra
4675:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4658:
4656:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4634:
4632:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4597:
4593:
4586:
4582:
4564:
4562:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4550:Giant eland (
4548:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4531:
4529:
4528:T. sylvaticus
4524:
4522:
4520:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4490:Lesser kudu (
4488:
4486:
4484:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4452:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4419:
4417:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4395:
4393:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4371:
4369:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4305:B. domesticus
4303:Bali cattle (
4301:
4299:
4297:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4193:
4191:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4169:
4167:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4128:
4121:
4117:
4103:
4101:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4070:
4068:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4007:O. canadensis
4003:
4001:
3999:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3968:
3966:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3954:Nilgiritragus
3950:
3944:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3920:
3918:
3917:O. americanus
3913:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3843:
3842:H. jemlahicus
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3821:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3770:
3768:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3738:Nubian ibex (
3736:
3734:
3732:
3729:Alpine ibex (
3727:
3725:
3723:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3665:
3663:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3585:
3578:
3574:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3520:
3518:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3496:Pantholopinae
3493:
3483:
3481:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3447:A. buselaphus
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3356:
3354:
3351:Grey rhebok (
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3319:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3295:Aepycerotinae
3292:
3282:
3280:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3226:Nile lechwe (
3224:
3222:
3220:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3167:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3141:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3059:Hippotraginae
3056:
3052:
3047:
3040:
3036:
3018:
3016:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2942:
2940:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2905:B. dichotomus
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2879:Pampas deer (
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2839:M. nemorivaga
2835:
2833:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2783:Red brocket (
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2752:H. antisensis
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2731:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2592:C. canadensis
2588:
2586:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2541:R. timorensis
2537:
2535:
2533:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2499:E. davidianus
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2466:R. duvaucelii
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2431:Bawean deer (
2429:
2427:
2425:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2356:Tufted deer (
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2289:M. putaoensis
2285:
2283:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2235:M. crinifrons
2231:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2186:
2182:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2128:T. versicolor
2124:
2122:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1935:M. anhuiensis
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1889:G. reticulata
1885:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1623:
1620:(in German).
1619:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1591:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1352:
1346:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1270:
1262:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1114:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1045:Wilson, D. E.
1040:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1003:Wilson, D. E.
998:
981:
976:
972:
968:
967:
962:
960:
951:
949:
947:
945:
940:
933:
931:
921:
918:
907:
905:
900:
896:
891:
889:
885:
877:
873:
866:
861:
858:
853:
847:
842:
839:
835:
827:
822:
819:
815:
807:
802:
799:
795:
787:
782:
779:
775:
767:
762:
761:
760:
751:
749:
745:
741:
736:
732:
728:
727:Birds of prey
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
694:
691:
685:
683:
679:
672:
667:
661:
657:
652:
643:
639:
637:
632:
627:
625:
624:cross section
621:
616:
608:
604:
600:
595:
587:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
539:
533:
529:
526:
522:
521:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
499:
495:
490:
486:
483:
479:
478:
475:
471:
467:
464:
460:
455:
454:P. a. aeliani
451:
448:
444:
443:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
411:Guinea-Bissau
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
373:
369:
364:
360:
357:
353:
352:
349:Distribution
348:
345:
342:
341:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:
293:
269:
265:
260:
257:
256:
253:4 sspp.; see
250:
245:
240:
234:
232:
226:
223:
222:Binomial name
219:
215:
214:
209:
206:
205:
202:
201:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
128:
123:
119:
113:
108:
107:Least Concern
97:
93:
88:
85:
81:
77:
72:
68:
63:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6457:Phacochoerus
6386:
6148:
6090:
6078:
6067:H. amphibius
6066:
6056:Hippopotamus
6054:
6034:Whippomorpha
6003:
5994:
5985:
5973:
5961:
5952:
5943:
5934:
5922:
5871:
5859:
5847:
5835:
5823:
5811:
5786:
5777:
5768:
5759:
5750:
5741:
5732:
5723:
5715:S. cebifrons
5714:
5705:
5696:
5684:
5672:
5663:
5651:
5639:
5627:
5616:P. africanus
5615:
5613:
5606:
5596:Phacochoerus
5594:
5582:
5570:
5558:
5549:
5541:B. babyrussa
5540:
5528:
5477:
5465:
5453:
5445:P. maxwellii
5444:
5436:P. monticola
5435:
5423:
5411:
5402:
5393:
5384:
5376:C. rufilatus
5375:
5366:
5357:
5348:
5339:
5330:
5321:
5312:
5303:
5294:
5293:Bay duiker (
5286:C. crusalbum
5285:
5276:
5267:
5258:
5246:
5238:Cephalophini
5221:
5213:R. melanotis
5212:
5203:
5191:
5179:
5167:
5155:
5143:
5131:
5123:N. moschatus
5122:
5113:
5101:
5089:
5080:
5071:
5063:M. guentheri
5062:
5050:
5039:D. megalotis
5038:
5026:
5001:
4989:
4978:P. hodgsonii
4977:
4965:
4942:
4933:
4925:P. gutturosa
4924:
4912:
4900:
4891:
4882:
4873:
4864:
4852:
4840:
4828:
4816:
4807:
4798:
4789:
4781:G. erlangeri
4780:
4771:
4762:
4754:G. bennettii
4753:
4741:
4729:
4721:E. thomsonii
4720:
4712:E. rufifrons
4711:
4702:
4690:
4678:
4666:
4654:
4642:
4630:
4618:
4560:
4552:T. derbianus
4551:
4539:
4527:
4518:
4509:
4500:
4491:
4483:T. eurycerus
4482:
4473:
4464:
4440:
4432:Tragelaphini
4415:
4403:
4391:
4379:
4367:
4358:
4350:B. javanicus
4349:
4340:
4332:B. grunniens
4331:
4322:
4314:B. frontalis
4313:
4304:
4295:
4286:
4274:
4262:
4253:
4244:
4235:
4226:
4214:
4189:
4177:
4165:
4153:
4100:R. rupicapra
4099:
4091:R. pyrenaica
4090:
4078:
4066:
4054:
4042:
4033:
4032:Snow sheep (
4024:
4015:
4014:Dall sheep (
4006:
3997:
3988:
3976:
3965:N. hylocrius
3964:
3952:
3941:O. moschatus
3940:
3928:
3916:
3904:
3892:
3883:
3874:
3865:
3853:
3841:
3829:
3817:
3808:
3799:
3790:
3778:
3766:
3765:Walia ibex (
3757:
3749:C. pyrenaica
3748:
3739:
3730:
3721:
3713:C. falconeri
3712:
3703:
3694:
3685:
3673:
3662:B. taxicolor
3661:
3649:
3637:
3625:
3613:
3601:
3517:P. hodgsonii
3516:
3504:
3479:
3470:
3460:Connochaetes
3458:
3446:
3445:Hartebeest (
3434:
3422:
3413:
3401:
3389:
3377:
3369:Alcelaphinae
3353:P. capreolus
3352:
3340:
3315:
3303:
3278:
3269:
3261:R. arundinum
3260:
3248:
3236:
3228:K. megaceros
3227:
3218:
3209:
3200:
3188:
3163:
3151:
3139:
3130:
3121:
3112:
3100:
3088:
3079:
3067:
3014:
3005:
2996:
2984:
2972:
2963:
2950:
2938:
2928:
2916:
2904:
2903:Marsh deer (
2892:
2880:
2868:
2856:
2847:
2838:
2829:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2793:
2785:M. americana
2784:
2772:
2760:
2751:
2741:Hippocamelus
2739:
2727:
2715:
2703:
2695:C. capreolus
2694:
2682:
2670:
2669:Water deer (
2658:
2646:
2634:
2609:
2600:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2561:
2549:
2540:
2532:R. mariannus
2531:
2522:
2510:
2498:
2486:
2474:
2473:Eld's deer (
2465:
2464:Barasingha (
2453:
2441:
2432:
2423:
2414:
2402:
2390:
2381:
2369:
2357:
2345:
2333:
2325:M. vaginalis
2324:
2315:
2306:
2297:
2288:
2279:
2270:
2261:
2252:
2243:
2234:
2226:M. atherodes
2225:
2213:
2136:
2127:
2119:T. nigricans
2118:
2109:
2100:
2092:T. javanicus
2091:
2079:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2037:
2026:H. aquaticus
2025:
2013:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1922:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1858:
1847:O. johnstoni
1846:
1834:
1810:A. americana
1809:
1797:
1759:Superorder:
1753:Infraclass:
1724:Artiodactyla
1648:. Retrieved
1639:
1630:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1595:
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1569:
1559:
1544:
1539:
1531:
1490:
1486:
1450:
1446:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1379:
1363:
1359:
1333:. Retrieved
1328:
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1299:Live Science
1298:
1289:
1269:
1250:
1244:
1222:
1155:
1149:
1137:. Retrieved
1130:the original
1120:
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
1049:
1039:
1007:
997:
984:. Retrieved
970:
964:
958:
927:
913:
893:The typical
892:
881:
870:Warthog and
851:
838:South Africa
818:South Africa
757:
695:
686:
675:
660:South Africa
640:
628:
620:canine teeth
611:
565:South Africa
531:
488:
468:, Ethiopia,
453:
379:Burkina Faso
362:
320:of northern
313:
296:
295:
291:
289:
252:
230:
228:
212:
211:
200:Phacochoerus
199:
179:Artiodactyla
75:
59:South Africa
50:
29:
6240:iNaturalist
6173:Wikispecies
5944:L. guanicoe
5803:Tayassuidae
5767:Wild boar (
5706:S. barbatus
5664:P. larvatus
5640:P. salvania
5638:Pygmy hog (
5572:Hylochoerus
5425:Philantomba
5313:C. jentinki
5295:C. dorsalis
5248:Cephalophus
5132:N. pygmaeus
5090:M. saltiana
5028:Dorcatragus
5002:S. tatarica
4892:N. petersii
4830:Litocranius
4730:E. tilonura
4677:Blackbuck (
4653:Springbok (
4596:Antilopinae
4594:(subfamily
4541:Taurotragus
4508:Sitatunga (
4501:T. scriptus
4492:T. imberbis
4449:(including
4442:Tragelaphus
4263:B. quarlesi
4145:Boselaphini
4129:(subfamily
4034:O. nivicola
3875:N. caudatus
3864:Red goral (
3855:Naemorhedus
3818:C. swinhoei
3798:Red serow (
3780:Capricornis
3758:C. sibirica
3695:C. caucasia
3686:C. aegagrus
3684:Wild goat (
3638:A. jayakari
3627:Arabitragus
3586:(subfamily
3557:Antilopinae
3480:C. taurinus
3423:D. pygargus
3316:A. melampus
3237:K. vardonii
3199:Waterbuck (
3140:O. leucoryx
3069:Hippotragus
2997:O. hemionus
2995:Mule deer (
2894:Blastocerus
2803:M. bricenii
2761:H. bisulcus
2728:R. tarandus
2704:C. pygargus
2626:Capreolinae
2608:Sika deer (
2550:R. unicolor
2539:Rusa deer (
2442:A. porcinus
2262:M. montanus
2059:M. kathygre
1808:Pronghorn (
1799:Antilocapra
1580:15 December
1411:(6): 1581.
581:Description
459:Cretzschmar
431:South Sudan
415:Ivory Coast
247:Subspecies
6446:Categories
6402:Q109646640
6080:Choeropsis
5962:L. vicugna
5848:C. wagneri
5751:S. oliveri
5742:S. heureni
5478:S. grimmia
5467:Sylvicapra
5454:P. walteri
5367:C. rubidis
5358:C. ogilbyi
5304:C. harveyi
5268:C. brookei
5222:R. sharpei
5202:Steenbok (
5193:Raphicerus
5145:Oreotragus
5018:Neotragini
4967:Pantholops
4883:N. notatus
4841:L. walleri
4790:G. gazella
4763:G. cuvieri
4752:Chinkara (
4644:Antidorcas
4631:A. clarkei
4620:Ammodorcas
4610:Antilopini
4510:T. spekeii
4474:T. buxtoni
4465:T. angasii
4357:Wild yak (
4341:B. indicus
4296:B. bonasus
4236:B. bubalis
4179:Boselaphus
4155:Tetracerus
4025:O. gmelini
3893:N. griseus
3866:N. baileyi
3831:Hemitragus
3800:C. rubidus
3791:C. crispus
3740:C. nubiana
3603:Ammotragus
3506:Pantholops
3436:Alcelaphus
3421:Bontebok (
3414:D. lunatus
3403:Damaliscus
3390:B. hunteri
3279:R. redunca
3180:Reduncinae
3131:O. gazella
3080:H. equinus
3006:O. pandora
2986:Odocoileus
2870:Ozotoceros
2726:Reindeer (
2671:H. inermis
2660:Hydropotes
2583:C. elaphus
2581:Red deer (
2523:R. alfredi
2440:Hog deer (
2298:M. reevesi
2271:M. muntjak
2101:T. kanchil
2068:M. meminna
2015:Hyemoschus
2005:Tragulidae
1962:M. cupreus
1880:G. giraffa
1826:Giraffidae
1777:Ruminantia
1553:0253313805
1372:0300142277
1205:0520080858
936:References
715:crocodiles
678:omnivorous
557:Mozambique
419:Mauritania
346:Subspecies
336:Subspecies
310:subspecies
6032:Suborder
5942:Guanaco (
5914:Camelidae
5900:Suborder
5872:D. tajacu
5861:Dicotyles
5837:Catagonus
5824:T. pecari
5769:S. scrofa
5673:P. porcus
5662:Bushpig (
5530:Babyrousa
5506:Suborder
5403:C. weynsi
5394:C. spadix
5259:C. adersi
5180:O. ourebi
5114:N. batesi
5103:Neotragus
5072:M. kirkii
4874:N. granti
4839:Gerenuk (
4808:G. spekei
4772:G. dorcas
4629:Dibatag (
4416:S. caffer
4381:Pseudoryx
4368:B. taurus
4348:Banteng (
4323:B. gaurus
4252:Tamaraw (
4098:Chamois (
4080:Rupicapra
4067:P. nayaur
4043:O. vignei
4023:Mouflon (
3722:C. hircus
3711:Markhor (
3614:A. lervia
3379:Beatragus
3305:Aepyceros
3129:Gemsbok (
3122:O. dammah
2964:P. carlae
2857:M. temama
2848:M. rufina
2812:M. chunyi
2794:M. bororo
2684:Capreolus
2610:C. nippon
2601:C. hanglu
2488:Elaphurus
2433:A. kuhlii
2347:Elaphodus
2215:Muntiacus
2050:M. indica
2039:Moschiola
1971:M. fuscus
1914:Moschidae
1775:Suborder
1735:Kingdom:
1335:22 August
895:gestation
854:juveniles
719:wild dogs
690:aardvarks
207:Species:
145:Kingdom:
139:Eukaryota
6396:Wikidata
6310:14200022
6258:10605039
6158:Wikidata
6004:C. ferus
5960:Vicuña (
5953:L. pacos
5951:Alpaca (
5935:L. glama
5902:Tylopoda
5412:C. zebra
5340:C. niger
4914:Procapra
4692:Eudorcas
4668:Antilope
4405:Syncerus
4366:Cattle (
4359:B. mutus
4287:B. bison
4227:B. arnee
4188:Nilgai (
4065:Bharal (
4056:Pseudois
4016:O. dalli
3998:O. aries
3989:O. ammon
3987:Argali (
3939:Muskox (
3906:Oreamnos
3884:N. goral
3767:C. walie
3651:Budorcas
3588:Caprinae
3533:Caprinae
3388:Hirola (
3332:Peleinae
3314:Impala (
3219:K. leche
3217:Lechwe (
3113:O. beisa
3089:H. niger
2750:Taruca (
2717:Rangifer
2647:A. alces
2548:Sambar (
2475:R. eldii
2455:Rucervus
2413:Chital (
2205:Cervinae
2192:Cervidae
2153:Cervidae
2081:Tragulus
1755:Eutheria
1749:Mammalia
1743:Chordata
1741:Phylum:
1737:Animalia
1650:30 March
1644:Archived
1616:)].
1574:Archived
1515:85392231
1425:53188426
1387:Archived
1345:cite web
1309:16 March
1303:Archived
1278:Archived
1097:Archived
1073:62265494
1031:62265494
986:18 April
888:polygyny
771:Suckling
729:such as
711:cheetahs
707:leopards
682:rhizomes
573:Zimbabwe
549:Eswatini
545:Botswana
513:Tanzania
494:Lönnberg
470:Djibouti
399:Ethiopia
383:Cameroon
330:Ethiopia
185:Family:
169:Mammalia
159:Chordata
155:Phylum:
149:Animalia
135:Domain:
112:IUCN 3.1
6424:ZooBank
6416:9288836
6349:1036755
6297:1006366
6232:2441212
6164:Q183255
6116:Cetacea
6107:Cetacea
5975:Camelus
5933:Llama (
5813:Tayassu
5629:Porcula
5178:Oribi (
5169:Ourebia
5052:Madoqua
5037:Beira (
4958:Saigini
4865:N. dama
4743:Gazella
4592:Bovidae
4590:Family
4561:T. oryx
4481:Bongo (
4463:Nyala (
4390:Saola (
4312:Gayal (
4216:Bubalus
4131:Bovinae
4127:Bovidae
4125:Family
4041:Urial (
3731:C. ibex
3660:Takin (
3584:Bovidae
3582:Family
3545:Bovinae
3471:C. gnou
3250:Redunca
3162:Addax (
3046:Bovidae
3044:Family
2952:Pudella
2939:P. pudu
2830:M. nana
2645:Moose (
2415:A. axis
2382:D. dama
2244:M. feae
2190:Family
2165:Bovidae
2110:T. napu
1924:Moschus
1860:Giraffa
1845:Okapi (
1747:Class:
1726:species
1722:Extant
1507:2462591
1467:2462591
1139:30 July
1103:30 July
857:Senegal
798:Namibia
778:Namibia
671:leopard
646:Ecology
607:England
561:Namibia
501:Burundi
474:Somalia
466:Eritrea
427:Senegal
423:Nigeria
326:Somalia
241:, 1788)
195:Genus:
175:Order:
165:Class:
110: (
84:Namibia
74:Female
6362:133161
6271:625008
6219:328332
6193:105652
5520:Suidae
5121:Suni (
4854:Nanger
4339:Zebu (
4321:Gaur (
4206:Bovini
3930:Ovibos
3235:Puku (
3210:K. kob
2774:Mazama
2563:Cervus
1836:Okapia
1551:
1513:
1505:
1465:
1423:
1370:
1257:
1203:
1162:
1071:
1061:
1029:
1019:
899:litter
872:Impala
723:hyenas
699:humans
636:Africa
603:London
569:Zambia
553:Malawi
541:Angola
517:Uganda
509:Rwanda
496:, 1908
461:, 1828
403:Gambia
370:, 1788
368:Gmelin
302:Suidae
280:
274:
239:Gmelin
189:Suidae
6375:13354
6336:81427
6323:41426
6284:41768
6253:IRMNG
6245:42122
6206:4FKFT
5508:Suina
4991:Saiga
4932:Goa (
4451:kudus
3675:Capra
3342:Pelea
3208:Kob (
3190:Kobus
3153:Addax
2636:Alces
2590:Elk (
1618:Bongo
1511:S2CID
1503:JSTOR
1463:JSTOR
1421:S2CID
1133:(PDF)
1126:(PDF)
930:Texas
748:ticks
703:lions
631:ivory
615:tusks
505:Kenya
435:Sudan
407:Ghana
375:Benin
343:Image
322:Kenya
49:Male
6411:GBIF
6318:NCBI
6279:IUCN
6266:ITIS
6227:GBIF
6188:BOLD
6114:see
5924:Lama
3978:Ovis
3102:Oryx
2918:Pudu
2512:Rusa
2404:Axis
2371:Dama
1652:2023
1582:2022
1549:ISBN
1368:ISBN
1351:link
1337:2012
1311:2020
1255:ISBN
1201:ISBN
1160:ISBN
1141:2013
1105:2013
1069:OCLC
1059:ISBN
1027:OCLC
1017:ISBN
988:2022
971:2016
742:and
733:and
721:and
439:Togo
391:Chad
290:The
255:text
6370:TSA
6305:MSW
6292:MDD
6214:EoL
6201:CoL
5686:Sus
4276:Bos
1495:doi
1491:139
1455:doi
1413:doi
975:doi
874:at
658:in
601:in
312:of
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