24:
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provincial government promised on
September 24, 2007, to also implement a province-wide ban on the cosmetic use of lawn pesticides, for protecting the public. Medical and environmental groups support such a ban. On April 22, 2008, the Provincial Government of Ontario announced an intention to prohibit, province-wide, the cosmetic use and sale of lawn and garden pesticides. The Ontario province-wide pesticide ban on lawn pesticides came into effect with the
1352:
326:(PCPA) and Regulations. Health Canada also responds to incidents, complaints and situations of non-compliance. Compliance officers are located across Canada and inspectors conduct regular, planned inspections to verify compliance of activities regulated under the PCPA. The National Pesticides Compliance Program (NPCP) is administered jointly by two branches of Health Canada, the Pest Management Regulatory Agency and the
315:
Control
Product (PCP) registration number which can be found on the product label. The pesticide is re-evaluated if it has been more than 15 years since the last major regulatory decision to ensure they meet the latest Canada's health and environmental standards. The PMRA applies science-based decision making to premarket and post market reviews. These reviews incorporate human health and environmental
293:
directives and by-laws. Pesticides are carefully regulated in Canada through a program of pre-market scientific assessment, enforcement, education, and information dissemination. All levels of government work together to help protect
Canadians and the environment from any risks posed by pesticides and to ensure that pest control products do what they claim to on the label.
342:
permits and licenses for business to sell products, for applicators to apply products (including mandatory training), and facilities to store products. Provinces and territories also carry out enforcement and compliance monitoring, and response to spills or accidents in cooperation with Health Canada's regional offices.
521:
A survey conducted Canada-wide by Ipsos Public
Affairs in March 2017 found that respondents generally associated pesticides with negative connotations. Respondents were found to be most critical of pesticide use on food imported into Canada and on fruits and vegetables. Despite their negative outlook
251:
concentrated on the effects pesticides had on human health, particularly the health of those involved in the manufacturing, handling and application of pesticides and the health of others who may have been exposed indirectly such as through residues on food. Other departments that played a regulatory
382:
government was the first province to regulate the use and sale of cosmetic pesticides in April 2003, when it introduced the Quebec
Pesticides Management Code. The code was phased in over the course of 3 years and by April 2006 the use and sale of lawn pesticides was banned province-wide. The Ontario
292:
In Canada, pesticide regulation is under the shared authority of the federal, provincial, territorial governments as well as municipal entities. The use, manufacture, storage, distribution, application, sale, and labeling of pest control products is governed by various Acts, regulations, guidelines,
314:
Prior to registration, all pest control products undergo a pre-market assessment to ensure the products are safe when used according to use directions. Applications also undergo efficacy assessments to ensure the products work. Once it is approved by PMRA, the product is registered and given a Pest
267:
The
Canadian Association of Pesticide Control Officials (CAPCO) was responsible to facilitate the information flow between both the departments and levels of government to aid in the coordination of federal and provincial regulatory efforts. The committee was made up of representatives from each of
341:
may regulate the application, sale, storage of pest control products in their individual jurisdictions but only as long as the measures they adopt are consistent with any conditions, directions and limitations imposed under the PCPA or other federal legislation. These are regulated via a system of
215:
Prior to the 1950s, most consumers and policy makers were not overly concerned or aware about the potential health and environmental risks associated with the use of pesticides. As research into pesticides continued government policies shifted to better address these potential risks. In 1954, the
460:
happened in one year: every fish, snake, and snail was killed in a river called
Sutherland's Hole near potato farms from which herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides ran off after heavy rains. In the 2003 PEI State of the Environment Report reported an increasing trend towards the numbers of
461:
pesticide-related fish kills. The PEI Department of
Fisheries, Aquaculture and Environment concluded that the fish kills were the result of heavy rainfall occurring shortly after spraying; contaminating water runs off fields into streams that were not adequately protected. In response the
271:
The PMRA was created on April 1, 1995, as part of an ongoing government effort to reform the pesticide regulatory regime in Canada. Staff and resources were consolidated from several federal departments into a single branch under Health Canada. Subsequently, the administration of the
216:
Pest
Control Products Regulations were revised to require applicants to provide evidence of the safety as well as the efficacy of their products prior to its registration. In 1968, the PCPA was further revised so that its main focus shifted from efficacy to public safety.
669:
130:. Pesticides are used predominantly by the agricultural sector. In 2016, 20% of reported pesticide sales were non-agricultural sector products (including forestry, aquaculture and assorted industrial uses), and just under 5% were domestic sector products.
469:, an insecticide implicated in many of the fish kills. During that same time period, the Pest Management Regulatory Agency announced that all uses of this pesticide were to be phased out by the end of 2006. PEI also established agricultural
219:
From the 1970s to 1990s, researchers focused on developing products that required lower rates of application and that had a single mode of action allowing the use of pesticides to be more selective. This time period also saw the rise of
813:
752:
522:
on pesticide use, most respondents felt that the
Canadian government was doing a good job at regulating pesticide products. Furthermore, the majority of respondents agreed that pesticides are necessary and serve a purpose.
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239:. In addition to the Department of Agriculture, other federal departments had key roles in the Canadian regulatory process of pesticides. The prevention of the contamination of the environment was regulated by the
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pesticide at levels that are likely to be found in habitats near fields sprayed with the chemical kills the tadpoles and causes behavioral and growth abnormalities.
391:, April 22, 2009. Over 250 products are banned for sale and more than 95 pesticide ingredients are banned for cosmetic uses. The Ontario legislation would also echo
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319:, as well as value and product chemistry evaluations. The evaluations consist of a risk-based approach which assesses hazardous properties and possible exposure.
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and increased the level of enforcement while substantially raising the fines for violations. By 2010, recent years showed a considerable decrease in fish kills.
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534:, a non-profitable organization dedicated to environmental issues especially as they relate to human health, have campaigned on the hazards of lawn pesticides.
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want province-wide cosmetic lawn pesticide bans, and that the majority of respondents believe that cosmetic pesticides are a threat to their health.
53:
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The ban on cosmetic lawn pesticides started from municipalities regulating their use, which then spread across the province and onwards. The
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The Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) is responsible for pesticide regulation in Canada. Their roles include administering the
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and Regulations, registering pest control products, re-evaluating registered products and setting maximum residue limits under the
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the provinces and territories and the federal departments Agriculture Canada, Environment Canada, and Health and Welfare Canada.
253:
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247:, who focused on the effects of pesticides on fisheries and aquatic ecosystems and the effects on wildlife respectively. The
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during the 1920s and 1930s. This growing concern and the discovery of newer more effective and inexpensive products such as
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The importation and sale of pesticide products has been regulated in Canada since 1927, originally under the federal
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can be given the power by provinces and territories to regulate how pesticides are used locally, including creating
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Health Canada is responsible to promote, monitor, and enforce pesticide compliance activities under the
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58:
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126:
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1391:
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995:
173:. In the 1930s, a concern grew about the use of these pesticides; particularly against the use of
1386:
626:
503:
422:) have legislation in place banning the use of some or all chemical pesticides for cosmetic use.
363:
49:
181:
1499:
1200:
1436:
1431:
1421:
1401:
1466:
1109:
The Prince Edward Island Department of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Environment (June 2003).
400:
221:
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1057:
8:
1559:
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1234:
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adopted legislation in 2009 and 2010 respectively, banning just one lawn pesticide - the
34:
898:
606:
Proceedings of the 1987 American Agricultural Law Association Meeting in Washington, D.C
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There is a concern that pesticides may negatively impact non-target species. In 1999 at
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873:
601:
359:
307:
154:
38:
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327:
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Prince Edward Island Department of Environment, Energy and Forestry (February 2011).
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436:
73:
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had drawbacks such as their high rates of application, lack of selectivity and high
1865:
1441:
983:
511:
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law requiring pesticide manufacturers to reduce the toxins they use in production.
261:
231:
Prior to the creation of the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) in 1995, the
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62:
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1166:
greenactioncentre.ca: "Why We Support a Province-wide Ban on Cosmetic Pesticides"
1035:
466:
316:
257:
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1093:"The summer the rivers died: Toxic runoff from potato farms is poisoning P.E.I."
1505:
491:
1570:
1911:
1901:
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1492:
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as regards the enforcement of municipal by-laws against pesticides. The 2005
170:
162:
121:
1416:
1321:
1294:
1289:
1058:
Environment, Energy and Transportation Statistics Division (May 26, 2015).
515:
510:, which established that a clear majority of residents in the provinces of
482:
A 1998 laboratory study conducted at Trent University showed that exposing
470:
1336:
1316:
1279:
1156:. Science News, Volume 154, Number 10, Page 150. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.
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177:
140:
Act to Regulate the Sale and Inspection of Agricultural Economic Poisons
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led to an increase in the use of synthetic pesticides in the 1940s.
1180:"Awareness and Confidence in Canada's Pesticide Regulatory System"
370:
case further cemented the law regarding municipal pesticide bans.
1284:
483:
419:
174:
1047:
http://www.producer.com/2012/02/when-bans-become-banes%E2%80%A9/
649:"1943-2018: A 75-year evolution of crop protection in the Delta"
379:
355:
205:
193:
112:
672:. 13 January 2009. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019
627:"A History of Crop Protection and Pest Control in our Society"
1226:
407:
814:"Pesticide Compliance and Enforcement Report for 2016-2017"
1223:- Consumer Product Safety: Pesticides and Pest Management
753:"Pest control products (pesticides) acts and regulations"
264:, which regulated the transportation of dangerous goods.
185:
56:
and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as
1205:
Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment
1061:
Canadians and Nature: Fertilizers and Pesticides, 2013
532:
Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment
1849:
670:"Fact Sheet on the Pest Management Regulatory Agency"
1177:
602:"Regulation of Pesticides: The Canadian Experience"
1909:
984:http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/en/news/2009/030401.php
690:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1600:
1036:http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/env/2009e0865ev.htm
955:
228:(IPM) were introduced to combat this problem.
165:) derived from natural sources. However these
149:Up until the 1940s, pesticides were primarily
1586:
1242:
576:"Pest Control Products Sales Report for 2016"
430:
333:
790:
788:
328:Regulatory Operations and Enforcement Branch
37:, which are uninformative and vulnerable to
506:released opinion poll results conducted by
52:and maintains a consistent citation style.
1593:
1579:
1249:
1235:
849:Bachand, Nadine; Gue, Lisa (Summer 2011).
848:
373:
785:
254:Department of Indian and Northern Affairs
224:issues and management strategies such as
94:Learn how and when to remove this message
1085:
711:"The Regulation of Pesticides in Canada"
1178:Ipsos Public Affairs (March 29, 2017).
796:"Pesticides Compliance and Enforcement"
773:. Government of Canada. 13 January 2009
142:. This Act was replaced in 1939 by the
1910:
1154:"Common pesticide clobbers amphibians"
1008:
947:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
646:
1574:
1230:
599:
418:, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario and
410:. As of April 2015, seven provinces (
278:Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food
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701:
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662:
621:
619:
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358:to restrict pesticide use. The 2001
17:
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1097:Toronto Star Atlantic Canada Bureau
735:"Pest Management Regulatory Agency"
441:
385:Ontario Cosmetic Pesticides Ban Act
44:Please consider converting them to
13:
1099:. Retrieved on September 17, 2007.
557:. Government of Canada. 2009-08-17
448:Environmental impact of pesticides
14:
1939:
1214:
1009:Benzie, Robert (April 22, 2008).
724:
698:
659:
616:
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241:Department of Fisheries and Ocean
118:Pest Management Regulatory Agency
1895:
1883:
1871:
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1714:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
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996:"Pesticide licences and permits"
551:"Pesticides and Pest Management"
249:Department of Health and Welfare
22:
1193:
1171:
1146:
1133:"2010 State of the Environment"
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1029:
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1152:Raloff, J (September 5, 1998)
745:
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543:
456:on Prince Edward Island, nine
362:case set the precedent in the
48:to ensure the article remains
1:
647:Hawkes, Logan (May 2, 2018).
537:
287:
1839:United States Virgin Islands
1601:Pesticides in North America
1412:Persistent organic pollutant
476:Environmental Protection Act
345:
7:
1555:Index of pesticide articles
1382:Agricultural spray adjuvant
1011:"Pesticide ban set to grow"
525:
473:for watercourses under the
10:
1944:
1550:Integrated Pest Management
1397:Integrated pest management
1111:"State of the Environment"
497:
445:
434:
431:Pesticide residue in foods
334:Provincial and Territorial
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226:integrated pest management
133:
1814:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1732:
1606:
1545:
1514:
1447:Paradox of the pesticides
1359:
1348:
1264:
969:. Toronto. Archived from
832:"Cosmetic pesticide bans"
425:
412:Newfoundland and Labrador
339:Provinces and territories
324:Pest Control Products Act
303:Pest Control Products Act
276:was transferred from the
274:Pest Control Products Act
260:water pollution, and the
245:Department of Environment
237:Department of Agriculture
233:Pest Control Products Act
144:Pest Control Products Act
127:Pest Control Products Act
1834:Turks and Caicos Islands
1487:Pesticide Action Network
1407:Non-pesticide management
1095:Originally published in
414:, Prince Edward Island,
235:was administered by the
146:(PCPA) and Regulations.
1387:Biological pest control
600:Lyman, Sherwin (1987).
504:Canadian Cancer Society
374:Cosmetic pesticide bans
364:Supreme Court of Canada
262:Department of Transport
1764:British Virgin Islands
1500:The Pesticide Question
502:On April 3, 2008, the
465:restricted the use of
1928:Agriculture in Canada
1923:Environment of Canada
1918:Pesticides by country
1704:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1402:Maximum residue limit
1372:Environmental effects
1067:. Statistics Canada.
771:"Pesticides and Food"
180:that had resulted in
1560:Pesticide categories
1140:Prince Edward Island
1118:Prince Edward Island
852:Pesticide Free? Oui!
836:Government of Canada
818:Government of Canada
800:Government of Canada
757:Government of Canada
739:Government of Canada
580:Government of Canada
401:Prince Edward Island
155:inorganic substances
116:is regulated by the
1719:Trinidad and Tobago
1614:Antigua and Barbuda
1091:Toughill K (1999),
350:Cities, towns, and
1654:Dominican Republic
967:The Globe and Mail
963:"globeandmail.com"
368:CropLife v Toronto
360:Spraytech v Hudson
308:Food and Drugs Act
282:Minister of Health
252:role included the
1847:
1846:
1736:other territories
1568:
1567:
1201:"Lawn and Garden"
1074:978-0-660-02281-9
865:978-1-897375-38-9
463:Government of PEI
437:Pesticide residue
104:
103:
96:
54:Several templates
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1607:Sovereign states
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1077:. Archived from
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582:. 4 August 2017.
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512:British Columbia
442:Effects on biota
317:risk assessments
167:natural products
120:, a division of
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918:"Archived copy"
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858:. E+Ń“quiterre.
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159:sodium chlorate
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1769:Cayman Islands
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1506:Toxicity class
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1392:Gene silencing
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1367:Health effects
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1360:Related topics
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1215:External links
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1123:
1101:
1084:
1081:on 2015-11-27.
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987:
976:
973:on 2008-08-28.
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904:2007-10-21 at
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1532:New Zealand
1437:Degradation
1432:Formulation
1422:Application
1337:Rodenticide
1317:Insecticide
1280:Bactericide
1168:, July 2011
899:Latest News
471:buffer zone
416:Nova Scotia
106:The use of
84:August 2022
1912:Categories
1794:Montserrat
1789:Martinique
1784:Guadeloupe
1639:Costa Rica
1515:By country
1472:Resurgence
1467:Resistance
1377:Fumigation
1327:Nematicide
1258:Pesticides
934:2009-07-29
777:20 January
612:: 241–249.
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538:References
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446:See also:
435:See also:
288:Regulation
222:resistance
109:pesticides
50:verifiable
1866:Chemistry
1779:Greenland
1694:Nicaragua
1669:Guatemala
1452:Poisoning
1342:Slimicide
1332:Piscicide
1310:Defoliant
1305:Herbicide
1300:Fungicide
1275:Acaricide
1266:Pesticide
1017:. Toronto
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389:Earth Day
346:Municipal
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157:(such as
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686:cite web
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330:(ROEB).
243:and the
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1021:May 22,
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134:History
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182:deaths
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