Perennial philosophy

2231:, claimed to be rooted in sacred texts and statements of religious founders. Tom Facchine argues that by prioritizing mystical experience over revelation and sacred texts, perennialists neglect, ignore, or reinterpret the truth claims found in the religious traditions they are engaged with, or that they interpret or distort the words of some religious historical figures to confirm their own views. Gary Stogsdill argues that perennialism can have negative social consequences, perceiving it as 1101:...truths or principles of a divine origin revealed or unveiled to mankind and, in fact, a whole cosmic sector through various figures envisaged as messengers, prophets, avataras, the Logos or other transmitting agencies, along with all the ramifications and applications of these principles in different realms including law and social structure, art, symbolism, the sciences, and embracing of course Supreme Knowledge along with the means for its attainment. 2266:

of the "European authoritarian Right." Evola tried to develop a tradition different from that of Guénon and thus attempted to develop a "strategy of active revolt as a counterpart to the spiritual withdrawal favoured by Guénon". Evola, as Furlong puts it, wanted to have political influence both in Fascist and Nazi regimes, something which he failed to achieve.

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universal truth and interpreted it have generally been given the name of saint, prophet, sage or enlightened one. Huxley argues that those who have, "modified their merely human mode of being," and have thus been able to comprehend "more than merely human kind and amount of knowledge" have also achieved this enlightened state.

1427:. Steuco preferred Plato to Aristotle and saw greater congruence between the former and Christianity than the latter philosopher. He held that philosophy works in harmony with religion and should lead to knowledge of God, and that truth flows from a single source, more ancient than the Greeks. Steuco was strongly influenced by 1327:, and the source of both Greek and Christian thought. He argued that there is an underlying unity to the world, the soul or love, which has a counterpart in the realm of ideas. Platonic Philosophy and Christian theology both embody this truth. Ficino was influenced by a variety of philosophers including Aristotelian 2034:(1768–1834), who argued that religion is based on a feeling of the infinite. The notion of "religious experience" was used by Schleiermacher to defend religion against the growing scientific and secular critique. It was adopted by many scholars of religion, of which William James was the most influential. 2265:

Paul Furlong argues that "Evola's initial writings in the inter-war period were from an ideological position close to the Fascist regime in Italy, though not identical to it". Over his active years, Furlong writes, he "synthesized" spiritual bearings of writers like Guénon with his political concerns

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Perennialists often ground their position in what they call a "common core" of religious wisdom which is found across traditions. They argue that since many of these themes developed independent of contact between the cultures concerned, they are likely to point to deeper truths from anthropological,

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the totally selfless and one-pointed Maintaining, in this matter, the attitude of a strict operationalist, the Buddha would speak only of the spiritual experience, not of the metaphysical entity presumed by the theologians of other religions, as also of later Buddhism, to be the object and (since in

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The idea of a perennial philosophy, sometimes called perennialism, is a key area of debate in the academic discussion of mystical experience. Huston Smith notes that the Traditionalist School's vision of a perennial philosophy is not based on mystical experiences, but on metaphysical intuitions. The

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According to Soares de Azevedo, the perennialist philosophy states that the universal truth is the same within each of the world's orthodox religious traditions, and is the foundation of their religious knowledge and doctrine. Each world religion is an interpretation of this universal truth, adapted

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was set out at the expense of some of the doctrines included within it, and it is possible that Steuco's critical faculties were not up to the task he had set himself. Further, placing so much confidence in the prisca theologia, turned out to be a shortcoming as many of the texts used in this school

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The divine Ground of all existence is a spiritual Absolute, ineffable in terms of discursive thought, but (in certain circumstances) susceptible of being directly experienced and realized by the human being. This Absolute is the God-without-form of Hindu and Christian mystical phraseology. The last

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There is no universally agreed upon definition of the term "perennial philosophy", and various thinkers have employed the term in different ways. For all perennialists, the term denotes a common wisdom at the heart of world religions, but exponents across time and place have differed on whether, or

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Although perennial philosophy also holds that there is no single true religion, it differs when discussing divine reality. Perennial philosophy states that a divine reality can be understood and that its existence is what allows the universal truth to be understood. Each religion provides its own

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You should know that Judaism, Christianity and other religions are just various names and different names; but the purpose in all of them is the same, they are not different. I thought a lot about what religions are. As a result, I saw that religions are various branches of a root. From a person,

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holds that various world religions are limited by their distinctive historical and cultural contexts and thus there is no single, true religion. There are only many equally valid religions. Each religion is a direct result of humanity's attempt to grasp and understand the incomprehensible divine

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Religions are like languages: no language is true or false; all languages are of human origin; each language reflects and shapes the civilization that speaks it; there are things you can say in one language that you cannot say or say as well in another; and the more languages you speak, the more

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It has been said more than once that total Truth is inscribed in an eternal script in the very substance of our spirit; what the different Revelations do is to "crystallize" and "actualize", in different degrees according to the case, a nucleus of certitudes which not only abides forever in the

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Critics point out that the emphasis on "experience" favours the atomic individual, instead of the community. It also fails to distinguish between episodic experience, and mysticism as a process, embedded in a total religious matrix of liturgy, scripture, worship, virtues, theology, rituals and

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According to Aldous Huxley, in order to apprehend the divine reality, one must choose to fulfill certain conditions: "making themselves loving, pure in heart and poor in spirit." Huxley argues that very few people can achieve this state. Those who have fulfilled these conditions, grasped the

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is a complex work which only contains the term philosophia perennis twice. It states that there is "one principle of all things, of which there has always been one and the same knowledge among all peoples." This single knowledge (or sapientia) is the key element in his philosophy. In that he

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Criticism of perennialism has come from academic and traditional religious circles. Academic critiques include the contention that perennialists make ontological claims about Divinity, God(s), and supernatural powers that cannot be verified in practice; and that they take an ahistorical or

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who lived in the 20th century, explained Sufism to the masses with its universal aspect and stated that it repeated the same common message with the mystical branches of other religions, and frequently made references to different religious/mystical traditions in her speeches and writings.

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reality. Therefore, each religion has an authentic but ultimately inadequate perception of divine reality, producing a partial understanding of the universal truth, which requires syncretism to achieve a complete understanding as well as a path towards salvation or spiritual enlightenment.

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interpretation of the universal truth, based on its historical and cultural context, potentially providing everything required to observe the divine reality and achieve a state in which one will be able to confirm the universal truth and achieve salvation or spiritual enlightenment.

1591:, under the name of "Wisdom-Religion" or "Ancient Wisdom". The Theosophical Society took an active interest in Asian religions, subsequently not only bringing those religions under the attention of a western audience but also influencing Hinduism and Buddhism in Sri Lanka and Japan. 2092:. Perennial philosophy postulates the existence of a spirit or concept world alongside the day-to-day world, and interactions between these worlds during dreaming and ritual, or on special days or at special places. It has been argued that perennial philosophy formed the basis for 2023:

argue that there are core similarities to mystical experience across religions, cultures and eras. For Stace the universality of this core experience is a necessary, although not sufficient, condition for one to be able to trust the cognitive content of any religious experience.

2171:, who had both knowledge and admiration for Greek philosophy, thought that Greek wisdom did not contradict Christianity because it shared its source with it. According to him, philosophy is not secular knowledge but sacred knowledge derived from the reason revealed in Christ. 1452:

which expressed similar ideas was. Religious criticisms tended to the conservative view that held Christian teachings should be understood as unique, rather than seeing them as perfect expressions of truths that are found everywhere. More generally, this philosophical

1870:; the thing is immemorial and universal. Rudiments of the perennial philosophy may be found among the traditional lore of primitive peoples in every region of the world, and in its fully developed forms it has a place in every one of the higher religions. 1285:, but also by the Platonic tradition that thrived during the six centuries which separated the first of the neoplatonists from Plato. The work of neoplatonic philosophy involved describing the derivation of the whole of reality from a single principle, " 1701:

The Traditionalist School is a group of 20th- and 21st-century thinkers concerned with what they consider to be the demise of traditional forms of knowledge, both aesthetic and spiritual, within Western society. The early proponents of this school are

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transhistorical view, overemphasizing similarities and downplaying differences between religions. Craig Martin argues that perennialism involves empirical claims, but that they circumvent those issues and make unfalsifiable claims that resemble the

2277:(1903–1978) and Julius Evola (1898–1974) cannot be considered as members of the Perennialist school, despite the fact that they have been influenced at some levels by Perennialism and may have used some of their ideas to support their own views." 1641:, who themselves have taken over western notions of universalism. They regarded Hinduism to be a token of this perennial philosophy. This notion has influenced thinkers who have proposed versions of the perennial philosophy in the 20th century. 2046:. Mysticism thus comes to be seen as a personal matter of cultivating inner states of tranquility and equanimity, which, rather than serving to transform the world, reconcile the individual to the status quo by alleviating anxiety and stress. 1644:

The unity of all religions was a central impulse among Hindu reformers in the 19th century, who in turn influenced many 20th-century perennial philosophy-type thinkers. Key figures in this reforming movement included two Bengali Brahmins.

1357:(1463–1494), a student of Ficino, went further than his teacher by suggesting that truth could be found in many, rather than just two, traditions. This proposed a harmony between the thought of Plato and Aristotle, and saw aspects of the 1807:

Shipley further notes that the Traditionalist School is oriented on orthodox traditions, and rejects modern syncretism and universalism, which together create new religions from older religions and compromise the standing traditions.

1537:. The Transcendentalists emphasised an intuitive, experiential approach of religion. Following Schleiermacher, an individual's intuition of truth was taken as the criterion for truth. The Transcendentalists were largely inspired by 1439:

Steuco's perennial philosophy was highly regarded by some scholars for the two centuries after its publication, then largely forgotten until it was rediscovered by Otto Willmann in the late part of the 19th century. Overall,

1047:('That thou art'); the Atman, or immanent eternal Self, is one with Brahman, the Absolute Principle of all existence; and the last end of every human being, is to discover the fact for himself, to find out who he really is. 2202:

from his habits Do not demand that he choose a religion that restricts him and separates him from his ties. He will search for the reason for existence and the meaning of supreme purposes in the way he understands best.

1746:. According to the Traditionalist School, orthodox religions are based on a singular metaphysical origin. According to the Traditionalist School, the "philosophia perennis" designates a worldview that is opposed to the 780:

which posits that the recurrence of common themes across world religions illuminates universal truths about the nature of reality, humanity, ethics, and consciousness. Some perennialists emphasise common themes in

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end of man, the ultimate reason for human existence, is unitive knowledge of the divine Ground—the knowledge that can come only to those who are prepared to “Die to self” and so make room, as it were, for God.

1553:(1833–34) was a pioneer work of Western perennialism. They also read and were influenced by Hindu texts, the first translations of which appeared in the late 18th and early 19th century. They also endorsed 1780:

divine Omniscience, but also sleeps by refraction in the "naturally supernatural" kernel of the individual, as well as in that of each ethnic or historical collectivity or of the human species as a whole.

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expressed the same truth better. Steuco's influence can be found throughout Leibniz's works, but the German was the first philosopher to refer to the perennial philosophy without mentioning the Italian.

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The Traditionalist School continues this metaphysical orientation. According to this school, the perennial philosophy is "absolute Truth and infinite Presence". Absolute Truth is "the perennial wisdom (

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The privatisation of mysticism—that is, the increasing tendency to locate the mystical in the psychological realm of personal experiences—serves to exclude it from political issues such as

3458: 1792:) that lives within the heart of all intrinsically orthodox religions." The Traditionalist School discerns a transcendent and an immanent dimension, namely the discernment of the Real or 3886: 904:

further popularized universalism, not only in the western world, but also in western colonies. In the 20th century, this form of universalist perennialism was further popularized by

853:(1463–1494) suggested that truth could be found in many, rather than just two, traditions. He proposed a harmony between the thought of Plato and Aristotle, and saw aspects of the 2154:

stated that God can be realized through many different means and therefore all religions are true because each religion is nothing but different means towards the ultimate goal.

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and various pseudonymous and mystical writings. Ficino saw his thought as part of a long development of philosophical truth, of ancient pre-Platonic philosophers (including

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to cater for the psychological, intellectual, and social needs of a given culture of a given period of history. This perennial truth has been rediscovered in each epoch by

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Livingston, James. "Religious Pluralism and the Question of Religious Truth in Wilfred C. Smith." The Journal for Cultural and Religious Theory 4, no. 3 (2003): pp.58-65.

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discussion of mystical experience has shifted the emphasis in the perennial philosophy from these metaphysical intuitions to religious experience and the notion of

1297:, neoplatonic ideas were integrated into the philosophical and theological works of many of the most important medieval Islamic, Christian, and Jewish thinkers. 1913:

movement that developed in the second half of the 20th century. Its central precepts have been described as "drawing on both Eastern and Western spiritual and

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Religious criticism has emerged from within various traditions, including Christianity, Islam and Hinduism. Some commentators see perennialism as a threat to

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truth discovered in mystical experience, though ultimately beyond the scope of complete human understanding. Others seek a more well-developed metaphysics.

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religious organisation, reasoned that the divine was beyond description and thus that no religion could claim a monopoly in their understanding of it.

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and unity throughout the universe. It attempts to create "a worldview that includes both science and spirituality" and embraces a number of forms of

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of thought later turned out to be bogus. In the following two centuries the most favourable responses were largely Protestant and often in England.

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The Buddha declined to make any statement in regard to the ultimate divine Reality. All he would talk about was Nirvana, which is the name of the

1788:) that stands as the transcendent source of all the intrinsically orthodox religions of humankind." Infinite Presence is "the perennial religion ( 2885: 3397: 743: 4304: 4299: 4192: 3901: 1569:

holds the idea that there must be truth in other religions as well, since a loving God would redeem all living beings, not just Christians.

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of these religious use the language of these doctrines and cultural forms to express identical or similar things. The perennialist rabbi

3432: 1351:, or venerable and ancient theology, which embodied the truth and could be found in all ages, was a vitally important idea for Ficino. 3409:

Nuh Ha Mim Keller - On the validity of all religions in the thought of ibn Al-'Arabi and Emir 'Abd al-Qadir: a letter to `Abd al-Matin

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This article is about the school of thought in philosophy and spirituality. For the popular book on the subject by Aldous Huxley, see

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Bowden, John Stephen. "Perennial Philosophy and Christianity." In Christianity: the complete guide . London: Continuum, 2005. pp.1-5.

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That there is a Law or Dharma, which must be obeyed, a Tao or Way, which must be followed, if humans are to achieve their final end.

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was not particularly influential, and largely confined to those with a similar orientation to himself. The work was not put on the

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By the end of the 19th century, the idea of a perennial philosophy was popularized by leaders of the Theosophical Society such as

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contemplation the knower, the known and the knowledge are all one) at the same time the subject and substance of that experience.

1021:(1497–1548) there is "one principle of all things, of which there has always been one and the same knowledge among all peoples." 1804:

of all kinds who have revived already existing religions, when they had fallen into empty platitudes and hollow ceremonialism.

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was one of the leading Sufis with perennial perspective. Hallaj said the following about a co-religionist who insulted a Jew:

2011:. It has also influenced the understanding of mysticism as a distinctive experience which supplies knowledge. Writers such as 4150: 3788: 3538: 3494: 2912: 2749: 2711: 2692: 2007: 1867: 3509: 1081:

That to achieve this unitive knowledge, to realize this supreme identity, is the final end and purpose of human existence.

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Drawing upon the same Renaissance foundations, in the 20th century the mystical universalist interpretation popularised by

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dimensions of the various religions, arguing that the exoteric doctrinal differences are cultural in nature, but that the

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such as analysis of cave paintings and other pre-historic art and customs suggests that a form of perennial philosophy or

1239:, and the adoption of the Old Testament with Christianity, as opposed to Gnostic roots of Christianity. Philo translated 704: 4113: 4103: 736: 3330:

Ramakrishna, Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna, trans.Swami Nikhilananda, New York:Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center, 1952, p.111

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later picked up on Steuco's term. The German philosopher stands in the tradition of this concordistic philosophy; his

888:, the idea that all religions, underneath seeming differences, point to the same Truth. In the early 19th century the 4185: 4131: 3743: 3669: 3636: 3187: 2860: 1543: 4018: 1009:(1433–1499) argued that there is an underlying unity to the world, the soul or love, which has a counterpart in the 3920:

Psychedelic Mysticism: Transforming Consciousness, Religious Experiences, and Voluntary Peasants in Postwar America

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Gellman, Jerome, "Mysticism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)

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Religious Philosophy as Multidisciplinary Comparative Inquiry: Envisioning a Future for the Philosophy of Religion

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elements, and held that God is "supra rational" and can be reached only through "ecstasy." He also held that the

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emphasises continuity over progress, Steuco's idea of philosophy is not one conventionally associated with the

1017:(1463–1494), a student of Ficino, truth could be found in many, rather than just two, traditions. According to 1509:(1803–1882) was a pioneer of the idea of spirituality as a distinct field. He was one of the major figures in 1169:

brought about exchange of cultural ideas on its path throughout most of the known world of his era. The Greek

4614: 1354: 1014: 850: 729: 689: 1431:'s statement that knowledge of God is innate in all, and also gave great importance to Hermes Trismegistus. 4639: 4634: 4178: 2432: 1235:) attempted to reconcile Greek Rationalism with the Torah, which helped pave the way for Christianity with 17: 2105:

phenomenological and/or metaphysical perspectives. Perennialists generally make a distinction between the

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Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Knowledge and the Sacred, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989, p.16-17

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What follows is a summary of some of the perennialist currents which have emerged in various religions.

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especially had affinity with Steuco's ideas. Leibniz knew about Steuco's work by 1687, but thought that

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Huxley's approach to perennialism is grounded in ineffable mystical experience, which ego can obscure.:

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The New Age aims to create "a spirituality without borders or confining dogmas" that is inclusive and

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practices. Richard King also points to disjunction between "mystical experience" and social justice:

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among other sources. After the deaths of Pico and Ficino this line of thought expanded, and included

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Annemarie Schimmel, Hallac: Kurtarın Beni Tanrı'dan, çev.G.Ahmetcan Asena, Pan Yayıncılık, 2009,p.62

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Zachary Markwith, "Muslim Intellectuals and the Perennial Philosophy in the Twentieth Century",

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side of 16th-century Biblical scholarship and theology, although he rejected Luther and Calvin.

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nuanced your understanding of life becomes. Yet it is silence that reveals the ultimate Truth:

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traces the roots of the notion of "religious experience" further back to the German theologian

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God is Not One: The Eight Rival Religions That Run the World--and Why Their Differences Matter

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Gary Stogsdill, A Critique of Perennialism: Problems with Enlightenment, Gurus, and Meditation

2088:, all around the world. Similar beliefs are found in present-day "stone age" cultures such as 1273:

Neoplatonism arose in the 3rd century CE and persisted until shortly after the closing of the

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that recognizes a divine Reality substantial to the world of things and lives and minds; the

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was the most sustained attempt at philosophical synthesis and harmony. Steuco represents the

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That there is a Godhead or Ground, which is the unmanifested principle of all manifestation.

1035:, propagated a universalist interpretation of the world religions, inspired by Vivekananda's 930: 812: 782: 717: 634: 435: 279: 134: 41: 4098:

Aldous Huxley, The Perennial Philosophy, Harper Perennial Modern Classics (January 1, 2009)

1423:. Indeed, he tends to believe that the truth is lost over time and is only preserved in the 4619: 4508: 3267: 2085: 2077: 2012: 1608: 1578: 1411: 1208: 1170: 1152: 923: 901: 480: 460: 415: 229: 182: 80: 4284: 4108:

Frithjof Schuon, Transcendent Unity of Religions (Quest Book) Paperback – January 1, 1984

1796:, c.q. that which is permanent; and the intentional "mystical concentration on the Real". 918:. Huxley and some other perennnialists ground their point of view in the commonalities of 8: 4624: 4353: 3396:

Tom Facchine, "Are All Religions the Same? Islam and the False Promise of Perennialism"

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societies and which promotes the rediscovery of the wisdom traditions of the pre-secular

1723: 1707: 1506: 1374: 1336: 1314: 1174: 1162: 1094: 919: 644: 344: 307: 219: 129: 75: 2250:, in particular, was active in Italian fascist politics during his lifetime and counted 4581: 4551: 4248: 4233: 3996: 3958: 3873: 3823: 3777: 3468: 2291: 2243: 2242:

Some thinkers of the Traditionalist School have been criticised for their influence on

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that finds in the soul something similar to, or even identical to, divine Reality; the

1518: 1158: 1135: 1097:, the perennial philosophy is rooted in the concept of Tradition, which he defines as: 699: 684: 378: 274: 269: 239: 172: 112: 789:

across time and culture, while others argue that religious traditions share a single,

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Furlong, Paul: Authoritarian Conservatism After The War Julius Evola and Europe, 2003

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The idea of a perennial philosophy is influential in the New Age, a loosely defined

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how, it can be defined. Some perennialists emphasise a sense of participation in an

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THE ROOTS OF UNITARIAN UNIVERSALIST SPIRITUALITY IN NEW ENGLAND TRANSCENDENTALISM

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Schmitt, Charles (1966), "Perennial Philosophy: From Agostino Steuco to Leibniz",

2463: 1743: 4238: 4056: 3733: 3433:"The rise of the traditionalists: how a mystical doctrine is reshaping the right" 2406: 2311: 2027: 1945: 1934: 1926: 1907: 1772: 1755: 1711: 1684: 1677: 1630: 1600: 1584: 1549: 1399: 1310: 1202: 1018: 1010: 1006: 1002: 934: 892:

propagated the idea of a metaphysical Truth and universalism, which inspired the

870: 834: 826: 527: 224: 3419: 2096:, with Plato articulating, rather than creating, much older widespread beliefs. 4083: 4046: 2401: 2391: 2346: 2336: 2043: 1968: 1930: 1538: 1526: 1252: 1190: 1043:

The Perennial Philosophy is expressed most succinctly in the Sanskrit formula,

761: 515: 214: 102: 3953: 3459:"Thinker loved by fascists like Mussolini is on Stephen Bannon's reading list" 2306: 2269:

Renaud Fabbri, a Traditionalist scholar, argues that "certain figures such as

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emerged in contrast to the universalist approach to perennialism. Inspired by

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Roy, Ramakrishna and Vivekananda were all influenced by the Hindu school of

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Melton, J. Gordon – Director Institute for the Study of American Religion.

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Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and "The Mystic East"

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Inside the Neolithic Mind: Consciousness, Cosmos, and the Realm of the Gods

2411: 2376: 2366: 2351: 2341: 2326: 2321: 2278: 2274: 2259: 2247: 2163: 2118: 2016: 1910: 1834: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1719: 1650: 1626: 1618: 1588: 1566: 1558: 1554: 1501: 1268: 1236: 1194: 1178: 1134:. Neo-Platonism itself has diverse origins in the syncretic culture of the 1131: 1044: 975: 893: 885: 777: 542: 405: 339: 49: 4162:

Inayat Khan, The Unity of Religious Ideals, Sufi Order Publications, 1979.

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That it is possible for human beings to love, know and become the Ground.

1068:, a basic outline which an individual can adopt to achieve the "Godhead": 4427: 4413: 3860: 3678: 3357:

Inayat Khan, The Unity of Religious Ideals, Sufi Order Publications, 1979

2886:"Thomas Carlyle's Sartor Resartus: The Secret Doctrine in a Western Mode" 2488: 2483: 2416: 2381: 2207: 2151: 1914: 1830: 1657: 1634: 1612: 1604: 1514: 1420: 1294: 1278: 1186: 1130:

The perennial philosophy originates from a blending of neo-Platonism and

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popularized the use of the term "religious experience" in his 1902 book

4215: 3962: 3877: 3835: 3827: 2493: 2473: 2426: 1922: 1852: 1848: 1534: 1530: 1454: 1428: 1344: 1324: 958: 547: 329: 194: 4126:. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1997. xix, 384 p. 2542: 2540: 2478: 2255: 2194: 2114: 2093: 1918: 1860: 1801: 1747: 1475: 1332: 1248: 1198: 1182: 954: 786: 649: 609: 572: 425: 356: 312: 259: 141: 3819: 3735:

The Underlying Religion: An Introduction to the Perennial Philosophy

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Ye Shall Know the Truth: Christianity and the Perennial Philosophy

2537: 1676:, travelled to the United States in the 1890s where he formed the 953:, single origin of the orthodox religions and rejects syncretism, 3126:

Michael D. Langone, Ph.D. Cult Observer, 1993, Volume 10, No. 1.

1901: 1751: 1340: 1256: 1240: 604: 440: 383: 1660:'s spiritual ecstasies included experiencing his identity with 1205:

by the historian Herodotus as early as the 5th century BCE (see

1138:, and was an influential philosophy throughout the Middle Ages. 4170: 2699: 2184: 1960: 1491: 993:

The idea of a perennial philosophy originated with a number of

938: 584: 562: 552: 146: 3836:"Buddhist Modernism and the Rhetoric of Meditative Experience" 3696:

Translating the Zen Phrase Book. In: Nanzan Bulletin 23 (1999)

2990: 2988: 2986: 2254:

among his admirers. References to Evola are widespread in the

4159:

Vol. 1, N° 1 (Tehran: Iranian Institute of Philosophy, 2009).

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of God supply the material of moral and religious knowledge.

1221: 1125: 897: 862: 614: 4540: 3000: 1874:

In contrast to the Traditionalist school, Huxley emphasized

2983: 1955:. It holds to "a holistic worldview", emphasising that the 1669: 1448:

of works banned by the Roman Catholic Church, although his

1293:, and has been very influential throughout history. In the 1146: 1039:

and his own use of psychedelic drugs. According to Huxley:

961:

as deviations from the truth contained in their concept of

567: 2833: 1768:, one of the founding works of the Traditionalist School. 1024: 821:

Perennialism has its roots in the Renaissance interest in

3510:"The Alt-Right's Intellectual Darling Hated Christianity" 2959: 2853:

Restless Souls : The Making of American Spirituality

2775: 2773: 1822:

The term was popularized in the mid-twentieth century by

2576: 2574: 2572: 2559: 2557: 2555: 1486: 3150: 3148: 2919: 2618: 2616: 1108:

The Philosophia Perennis and the Religions of the World

880:

Developments in the 19th and 20th Centuries integrated

3887:"The Rhetoric of Experience and the Study of Religion" 3216: 2821: 2809: 2770: 2758: 1967:

as well as other forms of science that are considered

4370:

International Council of Unitarians and Universalists

3233: 3231: 3192: 3036: 2718: 2601: 2591: 2589: 2569: 2552: 1714:. Other important thinkers in this tradition include 941:

and 20th Century works critical of modernity such as

4491: 4226: 3926: 3652:. Mumbai, India: Theosophy Company (published 1997). 3482: 3204: 3145: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2613: 2546: 2121:

expresses it from a Jewish perspective in this way:

2072: 1859:

that places man's final end in the knowledge of the

1547:

popularised German Romanticism in English and whose

3133: 3108: 3084: 3072: 3060: 3048: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2680: 1649:, a philosopher and the founder of the modernising 1216: 3776: 3526: 3228: 3160: 3096: 2900: 2586: 2189:In general, Muslims have shown a tendency towards 1917:traditions and infusing them with influences from 1305: 4077: 3623: 3450: 3018: 2865: 2628: 1617:Many perennialist thinkers (including Armstrong, 1389: 1323:, was a contemporary of Moses and the teacher of 900:elites. Towards the end of the 19th century, the 4606: 2931: 2099: 1765:The Reign of Quantity and the Signs of the Times 3715:(1st ed.), New York: Harper & Brothers 3024: 2710:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDurantDurant1966 ( 843:with Greek and Christian thought, discerning a 808:One of two known editions of the title page of 4124:S.U.N.Y. Series in Western Esoteric Traditions 1106:Seyyed Hossein Nasr quoted in Sallie B. King, 1075:That the Ground is transcendent and immanent. 4186: 4145:(Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom Books, 2013). 3662:The New Age: Searching for the Spiritual Self 2132:There is nothing other than God (Deut 4:35). 2084:metaphysics may stretch back to the birth of 1959:are interrelated and that there is a form of 1402:(1497–1548) who used it to title a treatise, 737: 3939:(1987), "Is There a Perennial Philosophy?", 3728: 3006: 2994: 2890:Journal of Religion & Psychical Research 2705: 1492:Transcendentalism and Unitarian Universalism 1469: 27:Idea that all religions share a single truth 4380:Unitarian Universalist Christian Fellowship 4283: 4066: 4064: 3941:Journal of the American Academy of Religion 3493:sfn error: no target: CITEREFWeitzman2021 ( 2806:, ed. Gustavus Parthey (Berlin), I, 3; 7-10 1281:. Neoplatonists were heavily influenced by 1206: 1189:, along with some Persian influences. Such 776:, is a school of thought in philosophy and 4193: 4179: 3664:, London, England, UK: Thames and Hudson, 3507: 3430: 3372:Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 2744:. New York: Anchor Books. pp. 13–18. 1690: 1029:Aldous Huxley, author of the popular book 929:Also in the 20th Century, the anti-modern 744: 730: 3952: 3859: 3751: 3644: 3563:"Introduction to the Perennialist School" 3290:https://rabbirami.oneriverfoundation.org/ 2978:The Essential Writings of Frithjof Schuon 2724: 1513:, which was rooted in English and German 4061: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4007: 3990: 3771: 3488: 3456: 3198: 2965: 2925: 2911:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBlavatsky ( 1843:he defined the perennial philosophy as: 1193:exchange was not new to the Greeks; the 1147:Hellenistic period: religious syncretism 1088: 803: 4139:Psychology and the Perennial Philosophy 4040: 3917: 3805: 3762: 3537:sfn error: no target: CITEREFRose2021 ( 3431:Teitelbaum, Benjamin (8 October 2020). 3222: 3120: 2883: 2839: 2827: 2815: 2794:, Ch 1; folio 1 in Schmitt (1966) P.517 2779: 2764: 2691:sfn error: no target: CITEREFKing2000 ( 2622: 2607: 2595: 2580: 2563: 1974: 1572: 1347:) who reached their peak in Plato. The 1025:Aldous Huxley and mystical universalism 14: 4607: 4305:Baháʼí Faith and the unity of religion 4300:Baháʼí Faith and the unity of humanity 4292: 3705: 3677: 3078: 3066: 3054: 3042: 2653: 2641: 2050: 1979: 1672:. Ramakrishna's most famous disciple, 1561:ideas, leading in the 20th century to 1471:De la vérité de la religion chrétienne 997:theologians who took inspiration from 4529: 4477: 4435: 4406: 4269: 4212: 4174: 4004: 3997:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 3935: 3884: 3833: 3656: 3210: 3154: 3139: 3114: 3102: 3090: 2980:, Suhayl Academy, Lahore, 2001, p.67. 2906: 2871: 2736: 2008:The Varieties of Religious Experience 1487:Popularisation and later developments 3719: 3692: 3532: 3457:Horowitz, Jason (11 February 2017). 3237: 3166: 2942: 2686: 2654:Huxley, Aldous (March–April 1944). " 2129:אֵ֥ין ע֖וד מִלְבַדֽו/ein od milvado 833:, from which all existence emerges. 4478: 3796: 3283: 3030: 2515:philosophia perennis et universalis 1826:, who was profoundly influenced by 705:Evolutionary psychology of religion 24: 4092: 3616: 3560: 3374:, Vol. 29, Brill, 2017, pp.314-315 1633:) are influenced by Hindu mystics 1177:mixed with such influences as the 1141: 849:which could be found in all ages. 801:knowledge and doctrine has grown. 25: 4651: 4213: 4166: 2073:Evidence for perennial philosophy 1544:Critical and Miscellaneous Essays 4200: 3894:Journal of Consciousness Studies 3799:Aldous Huxley And Indian Thought 2547:Slavenburg & Glaudemans 1994 1811: 1300: 1217:Roman world: Philo of Alexandria 837:(1433–1499) sought to integrate 4270: 4143:Studies in Comparative Religion 4137:Samuel Bendeck Sotillos (ed.), 3977: 3927:Slavenburg; Glaudemans (1994), 3900:(11–12): 267–87, archived from 3808:Journal of the History of Ideas 3583: 3554: 3545: 3508:Momigliano, Anna (2017-02-21). 3501: 3424: 3413: 3402: 3390: 3386:Problem With Hindu Universalism 3379: 3360: 3351: 3342: 3333: 3324: 3277: 3261: 3252: 3243: 3172: 2971: 2948: 2877: 2855:. San Francisco: Harper, 2005. 2845: 2797: 2785: 2730: 2174: 2157: 1306:Ficino and Pico della Mirandola 1262: 793:truth or origin from which all 4385:Universalist Church of America 4375:Primitive Baptist Universalist 3970: 3801:, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd 3686:. Volume 2: The Life of Greece 2647: 2507: 1997:altered state of consciousness 1758:. This view is exemplified by 1594: 1404:De perenni philosophia libri X 1390:De perenni philosophia libri X 1066:The Minimum Working Hypothesis 988: 949:, Traditionalism emphasises a 947:The Crisis of the Modern World 13: 1: 4541:Society, health and economics 3398:False Promise of Perennialism 3370:...: The Neo-Perennialists", 2531: 2262:has called him an influence. 2100:Perennial trends in religions 1933:, consciousness research and 1355:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola 1317:, the supposed author of the 1225: 1201:Dionysus had been equated as 1015:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola 968: 851:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola 690:Cognitive science of religion 3763:Parsons, William B. (2011), 3757:The Shape of Ancient Thought 2884:Harding, Mildred D. (1999). 2804:Jamblichi De mysteriis liber 2742:Mysteries of the Middle Ages 2433:The Teachings of the Mystics 2214: 1434: 873:(1497–1548) coined the term 7: 3732:; Minnaar, Clinton (2007), 3693:Hori, Victor Sogen (1999), 2792:De perenni philosophia Bk 1 2672:: CS1 maint: date format ( 2284: 2139: 1480:Phillippe du Plessis-Mornay 504:Proto-Indo-Iranian religion 189:Spiritual but not religious 10: 4656: 4118:William W. Quinn, junior. 4021:What is Transcendentalism? 3646:Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna 3611: 3178:Wildman, Wesley J. (2010) 2656:Minimum Working Hypothesis 2178: 2161: 2143: 2054: 1983: 1899: 1895: 1815: 1694: 1598: 1576: 1495: 1313:(1433–1499) believed that 1266: 1150: 1119: 1115: 1060:In Huxley's 1944 essay in 29: 4547: 4536: 4530: 4525: 4487: 4473: 4426: 4397: 4362: 4326: 4317: 4279: 4265: 4244:Universality (philosophy) 4222: 4208: 3929:Nag Hammadi Geschriften I 3885:Sharf, Robert H. (2000), 3834:Sharf, Robert H. (1995). 3767:, Oxford University Press 3684:The Story of Civilization 3625:Soares de Azevedo, Mateus 2955:Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna 2517:; sometimes shortened to 1384: 896:, who proselytized among 4567:Universal basic services 4443:Church of Divine Science 4349:Universal reconciliation 4339:Trinitarian universalism 3918:Shipley, Morgan (2015), 3852:10.1163/1568527952598549 3712:The Perennial Philosophy 3366:Craig Martin, "Yes, ... 3007:Lings & Minnaar 2007 2995:Lings & Minnaar 2007 2706:Durant & Durant 1966 2662:. Hollywood. p. 38. 2500: 2469:Educational perennialism 2032:Friedrich Schleiermacher 1884:experience that comes to 1840:The Perennial Philosophy 1818:The Perennial Philosophy 1032:The Perennial Philosophy 914:, which was inspired by 911:The Perennial Philosophy 695:Neuroscience of religion 660:True self and false self 32:The Perennial Philosophy 3954:10.1093/jaarel/LV.3.553 3688:. Simon & Schuster. 3288:. One River Foundation 2317:Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 1277:in Athens in 529 CE by 1093:For the Traditionalist 768:), also referred to as 4630:Philosophy of religion 4562:Universal basic income 4344:Unitarian Universalism 3720:King, Richard (2002), 3019:Soares de Azevedo 2005 2204: 2134: 2090:Aboriginal Australians 2048: 1889: 1872: 1782: 1563:Unitarian Universalism 1470: 1442:De perenni philosophia 1416:De perenni philosophia 1408:De perenni philosophia 1207: 1113: 1086: 1058: 1049: 818: 765: 178:New religious movement 4577:Universal health care 4492:Concepts and theories 4227:Concepts and theories 3182:, p. 49, SUNY Press, 2851:Schmidt, Leigh Eric. 2449:Wilbur Marshall Urban 2439:Traditionalist School 2229:religious exclusivism 2199: 2191:religious exclusivism 2169:Clement of Alexandria 2123: 2040: 1957:Mind, Body and Spirit 1941:refers to the coming 1880: 1845: 1777: 1697:Traditionalist School 1691:Traditionalist School 1466:philosophy of harmony 1406:, published in 1540. 1289:." It was founded by 1099: 1089:Traditionalist School 1070: 1053: 1041: 931:Traditionalist School 922:and generally accept 814:All Religions Are One 807: 783:religious experiences 635:Humanistic psychology 436:Esoteric Christianity 280:Spiritual development 253:Spiritual development 4615:Perennial philosophy 4504:Perennial philosophy 3797:Roy, Sumita (2003), 3650:The Key to Theosophy 3268:David Lewis-Williams 2660:Vedanta and the West 2150:Famous Hindu mystic 2086:behavioral modernity 2078:Cognitive archeology 1975:Academic discussions 1609:Hinduism in the West 1579:Theosophical Society 1573:Theosophical Society 1412:renaissance humanist 1209:Interpretatio graeca 1171:Eleusinian Mysteries 1153:Religious syncretism 1062:Vedanta and the West 924:religious syncretism 902:Theosophical Society 875:philosophia perennis 766:philosophia perennis 758:perennial philosophy 481:Theosophical Society 461:Comparative religion 369:Perennial philosophy 230:Religious experience 208:Spiritual experience 183:Secular spirituality 4640:Western esotericism 4635:Religious pluralism 4354:Unlimited atonement 4074:, retrieved 2006-06 4072:New Age Transformed 3570:ReligioPerennis.org 3130:, retrieved 2006-07 2397:Religious pluralism 2115:mystical traditions 2062:Religious pluralism 2057:Religious pluralism 2051:Religious pluralism 1986:Mystical experience 1980:Mystical experience 1876:mystical experience 1868:Ground of all being 1837:. In his 1945 book 1724:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 1708:Ananda Coomaraswamy 1541:(1795–1881), whose 1507:Ralph Waldo Emerson 1396:perenni philosophia 1375:Symphorien Champier 1337:Hermes Trismegistus 1315:Hermes Trismegistos 1175:Dionysian Mysteries 1163:Alexander the Great 1095:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 920:mystical experience 869:and other sources. 817:, published in 1795 787:mystical traditions 645:Positive psychology 345:Western esotericism 308:Divine illumination 220:Mystical experience 4582:Universal suffrage 4552:Cultural universal 4249:Universalizability 4234:Moral universalism 4120:The Only Tradition 4055:2013-09-21 at the 4019:"Jone John Lewis, 3765:Teaching Mysticism 3469:The New York Times 3286:Rabbi Rami Shapiro 3128:What Is "New Age"? 2842:, p. 530-531. 2708:, p. 188-192. 2292:Emanuel Swedenborg 2244:far-right politics 1965:mainstream science 1878:over metaphysics: 1519:Biblical criticism 1398:was first used by 1343:, Aglaophemus and 1159:Hellenistic period 1136:Hellenistic period 890:Transcendentalists 819: 700:Geschwind syndrome 685:Mystical psychosis 379:Emanuel Swedenborg 275:Spiritual activism 270:Self-actualization 240:Spiritual practice 173:Buddhist modernism 4602: 4601: 4598: 4597: 4594: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4521: 4520: 4517: 4516: 4469: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4461: 4460: 4448:Religious Science 4422: 4421: 4393: 4392: 4313: 4312: 4261: 4260: 4257: 4256: 4151:978-1-936597-20-8 3999:Transcendentalism 3922:, Lexington Books 3790:978-0-06-157127-5 3773:Prothero, Stephen 3753:McEvilley, Thomas 3312:Missing or empty 2968:, pp. 165–6. 2751:978-0-385-49556-1 2444:Transcendentalism 2372:Jean-Louis Michon 1921:and motivational 1762:in his 1945 book 1728:Jean-Louis Michon 1674:Swami Vivekananda 1639:Swami Vivekananda 1511:Transcendentalism 1498:Transcendentalism 1462:Gottfried Leibniz 1425:prisci theologica 1379:Francesco Giorgio 1320:Corpus Hermeticum 882:Eastern religions 861:(Ibn Rushd), the 754: 753: 598:Other non-Western 401:Transcendentalism 235:Religious ecstasy 16:(Redirected from 4647: 4572:Universal design 4545: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4527: 4526: 4489: 4488: 4475: 4474: 4433: 4432: 4404: 4403: 4324: 4323: 4290: 4289: 4281: 4280: 4267: 4266: 4224: 4223: 4210: 4209: 4195: 4188: 4181: 4172: 4171: 4086: 4081: 4075: 4068: 4059: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4034: 4025:. Archived from 4015: 4002: 3994: 3988: 3981: 3965: 3956: 3932: 3923: 3914: 3913: 3912: 3906: 3891: 3881: 3863: 3830: 3802: 3793: 3782: 3768: 3759: 3748: 3738:, World Wisdom, 3725: 3716: 3702: 3701: 3689: 3674: 3653: 3641: 3631:, World Wisdom, 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3567: 3561:Fabbri, Renaud. 3558: 3552: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3530: 3524: 3523: 3521: 3520: 3505: 3499: 3498: 3486: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3464:The Boston Globe 3454: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3428: 3422: 3417: 3411: 3406: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3383: 3377: 3364: 3358: 3355: 3349: 3346: 3340: 3337: 3331: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3315: 3310: 3308: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3281: 3275: 3265: 3259: 3256: 3250: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3202: 3196: 3190: 3176: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3040: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2952: 2946: 2940: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2916: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2863: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2768: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2671: 2663: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2626: 2620: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2593: 2584: 2578: 2567: 2561: 2550: 2544: 2525: 2523:religio perennis 2511: 2454:Wisdom tradition 2422:William Stoddart 2332:Titus Burckhardt 2302:Helena Blavatsky 2252:Benito Mussolini 2222:No true Scotsman 1790:religio perennis 1716:Titus Burckhardt 1473: 1359:Prisca theologia 1349:Prisca theologia 1275:Platonic Academy 1234: 1230: 1227: 1212: 1111: 855:prisca theologia 846:prisca theologia 774:perennial wisdom 746: 739: 732: 655:Self-realization 37: 36: 21: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4645: 4644: 4605: 4604: 4603: 4586: 4532: 4513: 4483: 4457: 4418: 4389: 4358: 4309: 4275: 4253: 4239:Universal value 4218: 4204: 4199: 4169: 4157:Sophia Perennis 4095: 4093:Further reading 4090: 4089: 4082: 4078: 4069: 4062: 4057:Wayback Machine 4047:Barry Andrews, 4045: 4041: 4032: 4030: 4017: 4016: 4005: 3995: 3991: 3982: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3910: 3908: 3904: 3889: 3820:10.2307/2708338 3814:(1): 505–532), 3791: 3746: 3699: 3672: 3639: 3619: 3617:Printed sources 3614: 3609: 3599: 3597: 3589: 3588: 3584: 3574: 3572: 3565: 3559: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3518: 3516: 3506: 3502: 3492: 3487: 3483: 3473: 3471: 3455: 3451: 3441: 3439: 3429: 3425: 3418: 3414: 3407: 3403: 3395: 3391: 3384: 3380: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3343: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3325: 3313: 3311: 3302: 3301: 3294: 3292: 3284:Shapiro, Rami. 3282: 3278: 3266: 3262: 3257: 3253: 3248: 3244: 3236: 3229: 3221: 3217: 3209: 3205: 3197: 3193: 3177: 3173: 3165: 3161: 3153: 3146: 3138: 3134: 3125: 3121: 3113: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3089: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3065: 3061: 3053: 3049: 3041: 3037: 3029: 3025: 3017: 3013: 3009:, p. xiii. 3005: 3001: 2993: 2984: 2976: 2972: 2964: 2960: 2953: 2949: 2941: 2932: 2924: 2920: 2910: 2905: 2901: 2882: 2878: 2870: 2866: 2850: 2846: 2838: 2834: 2826: 2822: 2814: 2810: 2802: 2798: 2790: 2786: 2778: 2771: 2763: 2759: 2752: 2735: 2731: 2723: 2719: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2690: 2685: 2681: 2665: 2664: 2652: 2648: 2640: 2629: 2621: 2614: 2606: 2602: 2594: 2587: 2579: 2570: 2562: 2553: 2545: 2538: 2534: 2529: 2528: 2519:sophia perennis 2512: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2407:Frithjof Schuon 2312:Aurobindo Ghose 2287: 2237:individualistic 2233:anthropocentric 2217: 2187: 2179:Main articles: 2177: 2166: 2160: 2152:Sri Ramakrishna 2148: 2142: 2102: 2075: 2059: 2053: 2028:Wayne Proudfoot 1988: 1982: 1977: 1946:Age of Aquarius 1935:quantum physics 1927:holistic health 1904: 1898: 1820: 1814: 1786:sophia perennis 1773:Frithjof Schuon 1756:developed world 1712:Frithjof Schuon 1699: 1693: 1685:Advaita Vedanta 1678:Vedanta Society 1631:Joseph Campbell 1615: 1601:Advaita Vedanta 1599:Main articles: 1597: 1585:H. P. Blavatsky 1581: 1575: 1550:Sartor Resartus 1504: 1496:Main articles: 1494: 1489: 1437: 1400:Agostino Steuco 1392: 1387: 1311:Marsilio Ficino 1308: 1303: 1271: 1265: 1232: 1228: 1224:of Alexandria ( 1219: 1203:Osiris-Dionysus 1197:Osiris and the 1155: 1149: 1144: 1142:Classical world 1128: 1120:Main articles: 1118: 1112: 1105: 1091: 1027: 1019:Agostino Steuco 1013:. According to 1007:Marsilio Ficino 1003:theory of Forms 991: 971: 935:Advaita Vedanta 871:Agostino Steuco 835:Marsilio Ficino 810:William Blake's 750: 710: 709: 680: 679: 665: 664: 630: 629: 620: 619: 600: 599: 590: 589: 528:Advaita Vedanta 496: 495: 486: 485: 456: 455: 446: 445: 300: 299: 285: 284: 255: 254: 245: 244: 225:Oceanic feeling 210: 209: 200: 199: 168: 167: 158: 157: 156: 97: 96: 87: 86: 85: 70: 69: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4653: 4643: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4600: 4599: 4596: 4595: 4592: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4534: 4533: 4523: 4522: 4519: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4495: 4493: 4485: 4484: 4471: 4470: 4467: 4466: 4463: 4462: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4439: 4437: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4416: 4410: 4408: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4366: 4364: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4330: 4328: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4307: 4302: 4296: 4294: 4287: 4277: 4276: 4263: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4230: 4228: 4220: 4219: 4206: 4205: 4198: 4197: 4190: 4183: 4175: 4168: 4167:External links 4165: 4164: 4163: 4160: 4153: 4135: 4116: 4114:978-0835605878 4106: 4104:978-0061724947 4094: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4076: 4060: 4039: 4003: 3989: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3966: 3947:(3): 553–566, 3933: 3924: 3915: 3882: 3846:(3): 228–283. 3831: 3803: 3794: 3789: 3769: 3760: 3749: 3744: 3726: 3717: 3707:Huxley, Aldous 3703: 3690: 3675: 3670: 3654: 3642: 3637: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3607: 3582: 3553: 3544: 3525: 3500: 3481: 3449: 3423: 3412: 3401: 3389: 3378: 3359: 3350: 3341: 3332: 3323: 3276: 3260: 3251: 3242: 3227: 3225:, p. 4-5. 3215: 3213:, p. 271. 3203: 3191: 3171: 3159: 3157:, p. 554. 3144: 3132: 3119: 3107: 3095: 3083: 3071: 3059: 3047: 3045:, p. vii. 3035: 3023: 3011: 2999: 2997:, p. xii. 2982: 2970: 2958: 2947: 2930: 2928:, p. 166. 2918: 2899: 2876: 2864: 2844: 2832: 2830:, p. 524. 2820: 2818:, p. 527. 2808: 2796: 2784: 2782:, p. 516. 2769: 2767:, p. 515. 2757: 2750: 2729: 2725:McEvilley 2002 2717: 2698: 2689:, p. 203. 2679: 2646: 2627: 2612: 2610:, p. 517. 2600: 2585: 2583:, p. 513. 2568: 2566:, p. 508. 2551: 2549:, p. 395. 2535: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2526: 2505: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2402:Helena Roerich 2399: 2394: 2392:Kathleen Raine 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2347:Benjamin Creme 2344: 2339: 2337:Suheil Bushrui 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2216: 2213: 2176: 2173: 2162:Main article: 2159: 2156: 2144:Main article: 2141: 2138: 2101: 2098: 2074: 2071: 2055:Main article: 2052: 2049: 2044:social justice 1984:Main article: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1931:parapsychology 1900:Main article: 1897: 1894: 1813: 1810: 1695:Main article: 1692: 1689: 1596: 1593: 1577:Main article: 1574: 1571: 1539:Thomas Carlyle 1527:Schleiermacher 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1436: 1433: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1267:Main article: 1264: 1261: 1253:neopythagorean 1243:into terms of 1218: 1215: 1191:cross-cultural 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1117: 1114: 1103: 1090: 1087: 1064:, he proposes 1026: 1023: 1011:realm of ideas 990: 987: 970: 967: 752: 751: 749: 748: 741: 734: 726: 723: 722: 721: 720: 712: 711: 708: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 681: 677: 676: 675: 672: 671: 667: 666: 663: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 631: 627: 626: 625: 622: 621: 618: 617: 612: 607: 601: 597: 596: 595: 592: 591: 588: 587: 576: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 535: 530: 519: 518: 516:Zoroastrianism 507: 506: 497: 493: 492: 491: 488: 487: 484: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 457: 453: 452: 451: 448: 447: 444: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 387: 386: 381: 376: 371: 360: 359: 348: 347: 342: 337: 332: 321: 320: 315: 310: 301: 297: 296: 295: 292: 291: 287: 286: 283: 282: 277: 272: 267: 262: 256: 252: 251: 250: 247: 246: 243: 242: 237: 232: 227: 222: 217: 215:Lived religion 211: 207: 206: 205: 202: 201: 198: 197: 192: 185: 180: 175: 169: 165: 164: 163: 160: 159: 155: 154: 149: 144: 139: 138: 137: 127: 126: 125: 120: 115: 105: 103:Elite religion 99: 98: 94: 93: 92: 89: 88: 84: 83: 78: 72: 71: 65: 64: 63: 60: 59: 53: 52: 46: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4652: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4557:Housing First 4555: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4546: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4528: 4524: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4476: 4472: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4425: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4396: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4334:Apocatastasis 4332: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4316: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4268: 4264: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4196: 4191: 4189: 4184: 4182: 4177: 4176: 4173: 4161: 4158: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4133: 4132:0-7914-3214-9 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4096: 4085: 4080: 4073: 4067: 4065: 4058: 4054: 4051: 4050: 4043: 4029:on 2013-12-09 4028: 4024: 4022: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4001: 4000: 3993: 3987: 3986: 3980: 3976: 3964: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3937:Smith, Huston 3934: 3931:, Ankh-Hermes 3930: 3925: 3921: 3916: 3907:on 2013-05-13 3903: 3899: 3895: 3888: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3862: 3861:2027.42/43810 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3832: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3804: 3800: 3795: 3792: 3786: 3783:, HarperOne, 3781: 3780: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3761: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3747: 3745:9781933316437 3741: 3737: 3736: 3731: 3730:Lings, Martin 3727: 3723: 3718: 3714: 3713: 3708: 3704: 3698: 3697: 3691: 3687: 3685: 3680: 3676: 3673: 3671:0-500-28516-0 3667: 3663: 3659: 3658:Drury, Nevill 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3640: 3638:0-941532-69-0 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3621: 3596: 3592: 3586: 3571: 3564: 3557: 3548: 3540: 3535:, p. 41. 3534: 3529: 3515: 3511: 3504: 3496: 3490: 3489:Weitzman 2021 3485: 3470: 3466: 3465: 3460: 3453: 3438: 3437:New Statesman 3434: 3427: 3421: 3416: 3410: 3405: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3382: 3376: 3373: 3369: 3363: 3354: 3345: 3336: 3327: 3319: 3306: 3291: 3287: 3280: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3255: 3246: 3240:, p. 21. 3239: 3234: 3232: 3224: 3219: 3212: 3207: 3200: 3199:Prothero 2010 3195: 3189: 3188:1-4384-3235-6 3185: 3181: 3175: 3169:, p. 47. 3168: 3163: 3156: 3151: 3149: 3142:, p. 10. 3141: 3136: 3129: 3123: 3117:, p. 11. 3116: 3111: 3104: 3099: 3093:, p. 12. 3092: 3087: 3080: 3075: 3068: 3063: 3056: 3051: 3044: 3039: 3032: 3027: 3020: 3015: 3008: 3003: 2996: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2979: 2974: 2967: 2966:Prothero 2010 2962: 2956: 2951: 2944: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2927: 2926:Prothero 2010 2922: 2914: 2908: 2903: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2880: 2873: 2868: 2862: 2861:0-06-054566-6 2858: 2854: 2848: 2841: 2836: 2829: 2824: 2817: 2812: 2805: 2800: 2793: 2788: 2781: 2776: 2774: 2766: 2761: 2753: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2738:Cahil, Thomas 2733: 2726: 2721: 2713: 2707: 2702: 2694: 2688: 2683: 2675: 2669: 2668:cite magazine 2661: 2657: 2650: 2643: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2625:, p. 84. 2624: 2619: 2617: 2609: 2604: 2597: 2592: 2590: 2582: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2565: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2548: 2543: 2541: 2536: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2510: 2506: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2464:Elémire Zolla 2462: 2460: 2459:R. C. Zaehner 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2387:Whitall Perry 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2357:J. N. Findlay 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2297:William Blake 2295: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2273:(1907–1986), 2272: 2271:Mircea Eliade 2267: 2263: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2223: 2212: 2209: 2203: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2186: 2182: 2172: 2170: 2165: 2155: 2153: 2147: 2137: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2070: 2066: 2063: 2058: 2047: 2045: 2039: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2021:Robert Forman 2018: 2014: 2010: 2009: 2004: 2003:William James 2000: 1998: 1994: 1987: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1909: 1903: 1893: 1888: 1885: 1879: 1877: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1844: 1842: 1841: 1836: 1832: 1829: 1828:Vivekananda's 1825: 1824:Aldous Huxley 1819: 1812:Aldous Huxley 1809: 1805: 1803: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1781: 1776: 1774: 1771:According to 1769: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1744:Elémire Zolla 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1698: 1688: 1686: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1647:Ram Mohan Roy 1642: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1623:Aldous Huxley 1620: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1580: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1499: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1456: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1329:Scholasticism 1326: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1312: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1270: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1229: 25 BCE 1223: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1154: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1127: 1123: 1122:Neo-Platonism 1109: 1102: 1098: 1096: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1067: 1063: 1057: 1052: 1048: 1046: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1001:and from the 1000: 999:neo-Platonism 996: 986: 984: 983:Aldous Huxley 979: 977: 966: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 912: 908:and his book 907: 906:Aldous Huxley 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 878: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 847: 842: 841: 836: 832: 828: 824: 823:neo-Platonism 816: 815: 811: 806: 802: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 747: 742: 740: 735: 733: 728: 727: 725: 724: 719: 716: 715: 714: 713: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 682: 674: 673: 669: 668: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 632: 628:Psychological 624: 623: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 602: 594: 593: 586: 583: 582: 581: 580: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 538:Enlightenment 536: 534: 533:Buddha-nature 531: 529: 526: 525: 524: 523: 517: 514: 513: 512: 511: 505: 502: 501: 500: 490: 489: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 458: 450: 449: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 421:Anthroposophy 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 393: 392: 391: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 366: 365: 364: 358: 355: 354: 353: 352: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 327: 326: 325: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 305: 304: 294: 293: 289: 288: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 266: 265:Individuation 263: 261: 258: 257: 249: 248: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 212: 204: 203: 196: 193: 190: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 170: 162: 161: 153: 152:Folk religion 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 136: 133: 132: 131: 128: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 110: 109: 106: 104: 101: 100: 91: 90: 82: 79: 77: 74: 73: 68: 62: 61: 58: 55: 54: 51: 48: 47: 43: 39: 38: 33: 19: 4503: 4481:spirituality 4453:Unity Church 4319:Christianity 4285:Baháʼí Faith 4202:Universalism 4156: 4142: 4138: 4123: 4119: 4079: 4048: 4042: 4031:. Retrieved 4027:the original 4020: 3998: 3992: 3984: 3979: 3944: 3940: 3928: 3919: 3909:, retrieved 3902:the original 3897: 3893: 3843: 3839: 3811: 3807: 3798: 3778: 3764: 3756: 3734: 3721: 3710: 3695: 3682: 3679:Durant, Will 3661: 3649: 3628: 3598:. Retrieved 3595:World Wisdom 3594: 3585: 3573:. Retrieved 3569: 3556: 3547: 3528: 3517:. Retrieved 3514:The Atlantic 3513: 3503: 3484: 3472:. Retrieved 3462: 3452: 3440:. Retrieved 3436: 3426: 3415: 3404: 3392: 3381: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3353: 3344: 3335: 3326: 3314:|title= 3293:. Retrieved 3285: 3279: 3271: 3263: 3254: 3245: 3223:Parsons 2011 3218: 3206: 3201:, p. 6. 3194: 3179: 3174: 3162: 3135: 3122: 3110: 3105:, p. 8. 3098: 3086: 3081:, p. 6. 3074: 3069:, p. 3. 3062: 3057:, p. 2. 3050: 3038: 3026: 3014: 3002: 2977: 2973: 2961: 2950: 2921: 2909:, p. 7. 2902: 2893: 2889: 2879: 2867: 2852: 2847: 2840:Schmitt 1966 2835: 2828:Schmitt 1966 2823: 2816:Schmitt 1966 2811: 2803: 2799: 2791: 2787: 2780:Schmitt 1966 2765:Schmitt 1966 2760: 2741: 2732: 2720: 2701: 2682: 2659: 2655: 2649: 2623:Shipley 2015 2608:Schmitt 1966 2603: 2596:Schmitt 1966 2581:Schmitt 1966 2564:Schmitt 1966 2522: 2518: 2514: 2513:more fully, 2509: 2431: 2412:Huston Smith 2377:Hossein Nasr 2367:Angus Macnab 2352:Julius Evola 2342:Henry Corbin 2327:Annie Besant 2322:Alice Bailey 2279:World Wisdom 2275:Henry Corbin 2268: 2264: 2260:Steve Bannon 2248:Julius Evola 2241: 2226: 2218: 2205: 2200: 2188: 2175:Islam/Sufism 2167: 2164:Christianity 2158:Christianity 2149: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2119:Rami Shapiro 2103: 2076: 2067: 2060: 2041: 2036: 2026: 2017:Huston Smith 2006: 2001: 1989: 1950: 1943:astrological 1938: 1937:". The term 1915:metaphysical 1905: 1890: 1881: 1873: 1865:transcendent 1846: 1838: 1835:Universalism 1821: 1806: 1798: 1789: 1785: 1783: 1778: 1770: 1763: 1740:Jean Borella 1736:Huston Smith 1732:Marco Pallis 1720:Martin Lings 1700: 1682: 1668:and his own 1655: 1651:Brahmo Samaj 1643: 1627:Huston Smith 1619:Gerald Heard 1616: 1589:Annie Besant 1582: 1567:Universalism 1555:universalist 1548: 1542: 1505: 1502:Universalism 1478:philosopher 1460: 1449: 1441: 1438: 1415: 1407: 1403: 1395: 1393: 1358: 1353: 1318: 1309: 1272: 1269:Neoplatonism 1263:Neoplatonism 1237:neoplatonism 1233: 50 CE 1220: 1195:Egyptian god 1179:Cult of Isis 1156: 1132:Christianity 1129: 1107: 1100: 1092: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1065: 1061: 1059: 1054: 1050: 1045:tat tvam asi 1042: 1030: 1028: 992: 980: 972: 951:metaphysical 946: 928: 909: 886:universalism 879: 874: 854: 844: 838: 820: 813: 791:metaphysical 778:spirituality 773: 770:perennialism 769: 757: 755: 678:Neurological 578: 577: 543:Kevala jnana 521: 520: 509: 508: 499:Pre-historic 498: 431:Spiritualism 406:Universalism 389: 388: 368: 363:Early modern 362: 361: 350: 349: 340:Neoplatonism 323: 322: 302: 50:Spirituality 18:Perennialism 4620:Neo-Vedanta 4428:New Thought 4414:Neo-Vedanta 3971:Web-sources 3724:, Routledge 3079:Huxley 1945 3067:Huxley 1945 3055:Huxley 1945 3043:Huxley 1945 2642:Huxley 1945 2489:Hermeticism 2484:Esotericism 2417:Edith Stein 2382:Rudolf Otto 2362:René Guénon 2307:Ivan Aguéli 2208:Inayat Khan 1953:pluralistic 1831:Neo-Vedanta 1760:René Guénon 1704:René Guénon 1670:Hindu deity 1658:Ramakrishna 1656:The mystic 1635:Ramakrishna 1613:Neo-Advaita 1605:Neo-Vedanta 1595:Neo-Vedanta 1515:Romanticism 1421:Renaissance 1301:Renaissance 1295:Middle Ages 1279:Justinian I 1157:During the 1037:neo-Vedanta 995:Renaissance 989:Renaissance 943:René Guénon 916:Neo-Vedanta 840:Hermeticism 640:Mindfulness 558:Neo-Vedanta 476:Orientalism 466:Neo-Advaita 454:Orientalist 411:New Thought 396:Romanticism 374:Jakob Böhme 335:Hermeticism 318:Panentheism 95:Traditional 4625:Nonduality 4609:Categories 4499:Nondualism 4216:philosophy 4033:2013-05-04 3911:2013-05-04 3519:2022-09-03 3211:Sharf 2000 3155:Smith 1987 3140:Drury 2004 3115:Drury 2004 3103:Drury 2004 3091:Drury 2004 2872:Sharf 1995 2532:References 2494:Gnosticism 2474:Urreligion 2427:Syncretism 2258:movement. 2013:W.T. Stace 1993:nonduality 1923:psychology 1853:psychology 1849:metaphysic 1816:See also: 1750:of modern 1531:skepticism 1529:, and the 1455:syncretism 1450:Cosmopoeia 1429:Iamblichus 1345:Pythagoras 1325:Pythagoras 1231: – c. 1151:See also: 969:Definition 959:secularism 894:Unitarians 548:Madhyamaka 471:Nonduality 330:Gnosticism 290:Influences 195:Syncretism 4509:Theosophy 3870:0029-5973 3591:"Authors" 3533:Rose 2021 3474:23 August 3238:King 2002 3167:Hori 1999 2943:King 2002 2907:Blavatsky 2687:King 2000 2479:Theosophy 2256:alt-right 2224:fallacy. 2215:Criticism 2094:Platonism 1919:self-help 1911:spiritual 1748:scientism 1559:Unitarian 1435:Influence 1394:The term 1333:Zoroaster 1199:Greek god 1183:Mithraism 1167:campaigns 976:ineffable 963:Tradition 955:scientism 650:Self-help 610:Shamanism 579:East-Asia 573:Yogachara 426:Occultism 416:Theosophy 357:Mysticism 324:Antiquity 313:Pantheism 260:Ego death 142:Mysticism 130:Christian 4399:Hinduism 4273:religion 4053:Archived 3775:(2010), 3755:(2002), 3709:(1945), 3681:(1966). 3660:(2004), 3648:(1889). 3627:(2005), 3305:cite web 3270:(2009). 3031:Roy 2003 2896:(1): 16. 2740:(2006). 2285:See also 2146:Hinduism 2140:Hinduism 2111:esoteric 2107:exoteric 2082:Shamanic 1861:immanent 1847:... the 1794:Absolute 1666:Mohammed 1476:Huguenot 1371:Kabbalah 1369:and the 1363:Averroes 1291:Plotinus 1249:Platonic 1187:Hinduism 1104:— 867:Kabbalah 859:Averroes 825:and its 799:exoteric 795:esoteric 718:Category 670:Research 615:Totemism 351:Medieval 135:Catholic 123:Hasidism 118:Kabbalah 113:Merkabah 81:Timeline 67:Religion 42:a series 40:Part of 4327:Beliefs 4293:Beliefs 3963:1464070 3878:3270219 3828:2708338 3612:Sources 1939:New Age 1908:Western 1902:New Age 1896:New Age 1802:mystics 1752:secular 1341:Orpheus 1287:the One 1257:oracles 1241:Judaism 1116:Origins 831:the One 605:Animism 441:New Age 384:Pietism 303:General 298:Western 76:History 57:Outline 4436:Groups 4407:Groups 4363:Groups 4149: 4130: 4112: 4102: 3961: 3876: 3868: 3826: 3787: 3742: 3668: 3635: 3600:27 May 3575:27 May 3442:27 May 3295:27 May 3186: 2859: 2748: 2195:Hallaj 2185:Sufism 2019:, and 1969:fringe 1961:monism 1742:, and 1662:Christ 1611:, and 1523:Herder 1517:, the 1385:Steuco 1377:, and 1365:, the 1110:, 2000 939:Sufism 898:Indian 865:, the 585:Taoism 563:Tantra 553:Moksha 390:Modern 166:Modern 147:Sufism 108:Jewish 4531:Other 4122:, in 3959:JSTOR 3905:(PDF) 3890:(PDF) 3874:JSTOR 3840:Numen 3824:JSTOR 3700:(PDF) 3566:(PDF) 2501:Notes 2206:Sufi 2181:Islam 1857:ethic 1446:Index 1367:Koran 1283:Plato 1245:Stoic 1222:Philo 1126:Agape 863:Quran 762:Latin 522:India 494:Asian 4147:ISBN 4128:ISBN 4110:ISBN 4100:ISBN 3866:ISSN 3785:ISBN 3740:ISBN 3666:ISBN 3633:ISBN 3602:2024 3577:2024 3539:help 3495:help 3476:2017 3444:2024 3318:help 3297:2024 3184:ISBN 2913:help 2857:ISBN 2746:ISBN 2712:help 2693:help 2674:link 2235:and 2183:and 2109:and 1863:and 1833:and 1710:and 1637:and 1629:and 1587:and 1557:and 1535:Hume 1525:and 1500:and 1251:and 1185:and 1173:and 1124:and 957:and 884:and 827:idea 797:and 785:and 772:and 756:The 568:Yoga 510:Iran 4479:In 4271:In 4214:In 4141:in 4134:pbk 3985:IEP 3949:doi 3856:hdl 3848:doi 3816:doi 3368:but 2658:". 2521:or 1995:or 1533:of 1521:of 1474:by 1361:in 1213:). 1165:'s 945:'s 926:. 857:in 829:of 4611:: 4063:^ 4006:^ 3957:, 3945:55 3943:, 3896:, 3892:, 3872:. 3864:. 3854:. 3844:42 3842:. 3838:. 3822:, 3812:27 3810:, 3593:. 3568:. 3512:. 3467:. 3461:. 3435:. 3309:: 3307:}} 3303:{{ 3230:^ 3147:^ 2985:^ 2933:^ 2894:22 2892:. 2888:. 2772:^ 2670:}} 2666:{{ 2630:^ 2615:^ 2588:^ 2571:^ 2554:^ 2539:^ 2246:. 2015:, 1999:. 1971:. 1948:. 1929:, 1925:, 1775:: 1738:, 1734:, 1730:, 1726:, 1722:, 1718:, 1706:, 1680:. 1664:, 1625:, 1621:, 1607:, 1603:, 1565:. 1381:. 1339:, 1335:, 1247:, 1226:c. 1181:, 1161:, 1005:. 965:. 937:, 877:. 764:: 44:on 4194:e 4187:t 4180:v 4036:. 4023:" 3951:: 3898:7 3880:. 3858:: 3850:: 3818:: 3604:. 3579:. 3541:) 3522:. 3497:) 3491:. 3478:. 3446:. 3320:) 3316:( 3299:. 3274:. 3033:. 3021:. 2945:. 2915:) 2874:. 2754:. 2727:. 2714:) 2695:) 2676:) 2644:. 2598:. 760:( 745:e 738:t 731:v 191:" 187:" 34:. 20:)

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