467:
and three
Israeli soldiers were killed as well as seven of the attackers. Five months later - on 5 August 1975 - Israel attacked Tyre "from land, sea and air". More assaults followed on 16 and 29 August, as well as on 3 September.
843:
37:
82:
491:
The new rulers thus declared the founding of the "People's
Republic of Tyre". However, they quickly lost support from the local population because of their "
288:
657:
848:
106:
30:
385:
495:
and often brutal behavior". Even Tyre's veteran politician Jafar
Sharafeddin was quoted criticising the PLO for "its violations and
23:
761:
734:
702:
756:. Beirut / Munich: Publitec Publications & De Gruyter Saur. 2007. pp. 49, 84, 88, 196, 391β392, 398β399, 416β417.
370:
227:
204:
792:
640:
609:
584:
553:
528:
328:
476:
In 1976, local commanders of the PLO took over the municipal government of Tyre with support from their allies of the
459:. Then, in early March 1975, a PLO commando of eight militants sailed from the coast of Tyre to Tel Aviv to mount the
838:
817:
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318:
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480:(LAA). They occupied the army barracks, set up roadblocks and started collecting customs at the port. Parts of
448:
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147:
380:
159:
243:
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In
February 1975, Tyre saw pro-PLO and anti-government demonstrations after Arab Nationalist MP and
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70:
726:
694:
500:
576:
570:
340:
323:
259:
112:
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632:
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456:
375:
729:. pp. 36β39, 115β118, 126β127, 131β135, 211, 255, 458β461, 550β551, 580β581, 608, 617.
697:. pp. 36β39, 115β118, 126β127, 131β135, 211, 255, 458β461, 550β551, 580β581, 608, 617.
274:
154:
76:
8:
269:
217:
477:
460:
436:
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355:
308:
93:
47:
813:
788:
757:
730:
698:
666:
665:. LONDON β’ NEW YORK: TAURIS ACADEMIC STUDIES. pp. 16, 41β42, 46β48, 80β81, 104.
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605:
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164:
126:
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189:
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832:
492:
424:
488:, came from Iraq though, while arms and ammunition were provided by Libya.
452:
174:
65:
718:
686:
485:
810:
The Shi'ites of
Lebanon: Modernism, Communism, and Hizbullah's Islamists
812:. New York: Syracuse University Press. pp. 9β11, 16β17, 24, 107.
659:
The Shi'a of
Lebanon β The Shi'a of Lebanon Clans, Parties and Clerics
423:. It was formed in early 1976 after the full takeover of the city of
365:
15:
496:
484:
estate were confiscated as well. Most of the funding, according to
464:
548:. New Brunswick / London: Transaction Publishers. p. 55.
572:
Lebanon: Dynamics of
Conflict β A Modern Political History
523:. London / New York: I.B. Tauris. pp. 198, 268.269.
546:Politics and War in Lebanon: Unraveling the Enigma
844:History of the Palestine Liberation Organization
830:
776:
624:
521:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967β1976
604:. London: Ithaca Press. pp. 90, 179, 222.
471:
807:
602:Sovereignty and Leadership in Lebanon, 1943β76
455:, had been killed in Sidon, allegedly by the
31:
808:Abisaab, Rula Jurdi; Abisaab, Malek (2017).
38:
24:
783:. New York: Simon and Schuster. pp.
631:. New York: Simon and Schuster. pp.
518:
655:
831:
45:
849:Deep states of the Lebanese Civil War
748:
746:
599:
543:
19:
777:Schiff, Ze'ev; Ya'ari, Ehud (1985).
770:
717:
711:
685:
625:Schiff, Ze'ev; Ya'ari, Ehud (1985).
568:
371:Civil Administration of the Mountain
228:1982 kidnapping of Iranian diplomats
801:
679:
512:
408:
13:
743:
649:
618:
593:
14:
860:
433:Palestine Liberation Organization
304:January 1986 Lebanese Forces coup
723:Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War
691:Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War
238:Assassination of Bachir Gemayel
754:Who's Who in Lebanon 2007β2008
575:. London: Zed Books. pp.
562:
537:
463:, during which eight civilian
309:Assassination of Rashid Karami
233:Multinational Force in Lebanon
1:
506:
442:
472:PLO and LAA takeover of Tyre
336:Assassination of RenΓ© Moawad
7:
413:JumhΕ«riyyat αΉ’Ε«r al-Ε a'biyya
381:South Lebanon security belt
160:1978 South Lebanon conflict
10:
865:
419:administration during the
289:U.S. embassy annex bombing
244:Sabra and Shatila massacre
656:Shanahan, Rodger (2005).
544:Nisan, Mordechai (2015).
519:El Khazen, Farid (1999).
401:People's Republic of Tyre
361:People's Republic of Tyre
349:Cantons and puppet states
148:St George's Church attack
57:
839:History of Tyre, Lebanon
299:1985 Beirut car bombings
107:1976 Syrian intervention
727:Oxford University Press
695:Oxford University Press
600:Goria, Wade R. (1985).
282:Fourth phase: 1984β1990
134:Second phase: 1977β1982
324:Dahr al-Wahsh massacre
211:Third phase: 1982β1984
113:Siege of Tel al-Zaatar
60:First phase: 1975β1977
415:) was a short-lived,
376:State of Free Lebanon
205:Iraqi Embassy bombing
780:Israel's Lebanon War
628:Israel's Lebanon War
275:1984 Sohmor massacre
250:U.S. embassy bombing
200:1981 Israeli bombing
77:Battle of the Hotels
569:Odeh, B.J. (1985).
409:Ψ¬Ω
ΩΩΨ±ΩΨ© Ψ΅ΩΨ± Ψ§ΩΨ΄ΨΉΨ¨ΩΨ©
270:February 6 Intifada
218:1982 Beirut bombing
88:Black Saturday
71:Black Thursday
478:Lebanese Arab Army
461:Savoy Hotel attack
437:Lebanese Arab Army
421:Lebanese Civil War
356:East Beirut canton
329:War of Elimination
94:Karantina massacre
49:Lebanese Civil War
763:978-3-598-07734-0
736:978-0-19-280130-2
704:978-0-19-280130-2
501:Palestinian cause
482:Kazem al-Khalil's
396:
395:
319:War of Liberation
265:Battle of Tripoli
260:Mountain War
255:Barracks bombings
165:Battle of Kaukaba
155:Hundred Days' War
127:Aishiyeh massacre
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429:south of Lebanon
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294:War of the Camps
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223:1982 Lebanon War
195:Battle of Zahleh
185:At Tiri incident
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83:ASALA insurgency
79:
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314:War of Brothers
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142:Chouf massacres
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120:Chekka massacre
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101:Damour massacre
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555:978-1412856676
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530:978-1860643200
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66:Bus massacre
59:
486:Robert Fisk
833:Categories
785:79β80, 139
725:. Oxford:
693:. Oxford:
633:79β80, 139
507:References
443:Background
493:arbitrary
366:Fatahland
721:(2001).
689:(2001).
497:sabotage
465:Hostages
451:leader,
435:and the
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431:by the
427:in the
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663:(PDF)
814:ISBN
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667:ISBN
637:ISBN
606:ISBN
581:ISBN
550:ISBN
525:ISBN
457:army
425:Tyre
399:The
503:".
449:PNO
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