814:
291:, an abolitionist missionary from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as a school for the freed slaves, which was named for William Penn, Quaker champion for human liberty and founder of Pennsylvania. For many years the work was financed by Philadelphia Quaker abolitionists. Ellen Murray, a Quaker teacher, joined her in the work. Charlotte Forten, born into a wealthy free black family in Philadelphia, joined them as the school's first black teacher. The Brick Church was used as an early meeting, educational, and administrative space, and the school's first dedicated educational building was constructed in 1864, from prefabricated parts shipped from Pennsylvania. The school remained an active educational institution, under the leadership of Rossa Cooley and Grace House, for the island's population until 1948, when the state took over public education on the island. The institution then became the Penn Center, with directors including
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and his staff of the
Southern Christian Leadership Conference held retreats here in the 1960s. Gantt Cottage, on the Penn Campus, was where Dr. King stayed. A Retreat Center on the water was planned as a safer place for Dr. King to stay, but it was not completed before his death in 1968. It was,
274:
The Penn Center is located about one mile south of
Frogmore on Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. The 47-acre (19 ha) campus is divided by the road, and includes a number of historic buildings related to the original function as a school, including classrooms, living spaces for students,
286:
forces quickly captured Saint Helena Island, prompting the local plantation owners to flee. The military administration of the island partitioned the old plantations, giving the land to the former slaves who lived there. The Penn School was established in 1862 by
393:), Although not part of Penn’s Campus, the Brick Church on the northeast border has always fulfilled a significant role in Penn’s History. Brick Church housed classes as Penn School moved from Oaks Plantation into their dedicated schoolhouse.
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307:), Brick Baptist Church is protected by a Park Service building easement and Darrah Hall, on the campus of the Penn Center, has been deeded over to the Park Service, as well as the adjacent parking area.
1442:
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356:
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685:(1931), built by Penn students, the Butler Building originally served as the place of the home economics departments, the graduates’ meeting room, the boy’s clubhouse, exhibits, and the band room.
574:
638:
528:
2231:
1124:
299:, and continued an educational mission for the island's preschoolers and adults, as well as maintaining a museum, cultural center, and conference meeting space. With the creation of the
565:), this building housed all of the harness-making, wheelwrighting, blacksmith, basketry, carpentry, and cobbling classes. The building today houses Penn Center's York W. Bailey Museum.
629:(1922), was a memorial to Agnes Lathers, one of the early teachers at Penn. It was originally a dormitory for male students and teachers and is used today as administrative offices.
470:
424:
140:
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1117:
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691:(1937), was used as housing for students and teachers from South Carolina State University working in the county schools. It is currently used for conference guests.
611:), originally built as a laundry, the Dining Hall accommodates up to a hundred people and provides a variety of local Gullah-Style foods to Conference Center guests.
100:
2226:
675:), built on the site of the original Penn Center schoolhouse, Frissell has been and is still used as a community gathering place, having even been used by the
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Penn Center played an important part in the civil rights movement, as one of the few places in the Jim Crow south where interracial groups could meet.
513:(1907), built to house Penn's single female teachers and nurse offices. Cedar Cottage is named after the abundant trees found on St. Helena Island.
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1605:
789:
507:), the female teachers and students used Benezet House as their on-campus residence and this house was the center of home economics training.
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teachers, and administrators. The oldest building on the campus is the 1855 Brick Church, built by the plantation owners of the island.
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623:(1921), built by students as housing for the school's superintendent, Pine Cottage is used today to house guests of Penn Center.
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697:(1938), was used to stack sweet potatoes for curing. The Potato House is now fenced in and used for storage of farm machinery.
924:
1977:
1955:
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873:
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617:(1920's), the learning center is utilized by the Program for Academic and Cultural Enrichment (PACE) as a daycare program.
323:, during the Charleston Hospital Strike of 1969. Notable South Carolina figures in the civil rights movement, including
259:
1656:
409:(1882), the oldest building on Penn Center's campus, Darrah Hall has been a community nexus for over a hundred years.
128:
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703:(1940), the current Gantt Cottage was built by Penn students as a replacement to the original. During the 1960's,
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1701:
903:
737:'s death, the Retreat House was planned as a more scenic and meditative place for his meetings over the smaller
1109:
58:
266:
in
January 2017. In 2019, it became the Reconstruction Era National Historic Park, along with Fort Sumter.
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slaves freed after plantation owners fled the island, and continues to fulfill an educational mission.
45:
966:
National
Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Penn Center Historic District / Penn School
723:(1946), originally built as a dairy barn, the cannery has been used for canning tomato and processing
1934:
1093:
247:
specifically for the education of
African-Americans. It provided critical educational facilities to
2006:
1987:
1950:
1896:
1818:
403:
and bearing the inscription "Proclaim
Liberty". The bell is now on display at Penn Center's museum.
2221:
2216:
2023:
1916:
1037:
Martin Luther King, Jr., The
Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and Penn Center 1964-1967.
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704:
399:(1865), located next to the Benezet House, the Bell Tower housed a brass bell modeled after the
1696:
1551:
1512:
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974:
937:"Presidential Proclamation - Reconstruction Era National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)"
765:
730:
415:(1900), built by the students, Alden Sales House has been used as a thrift shop and milk house.
244:
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2016:
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925:
https://www.worldcat.org/title/photographs-from-the-book-face-of-an-island/oclc/1281684409
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stayed at Gantt
Cottage as he visited Penn Center for meetings and there wrote his "
1982:
1972:
1906:
1901:
1751:
1077:(Thesis). Colleges of Education, University of South Carolina. UMI Number: 9214946.
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262:
in 1974. Darrah Hall and Brick
Baptist Church on the campus were declared part of
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2108:
1880:
1865:
1741:
1711:
1680:
1072:
2257:
Historic districts on the
National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
846:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Beaufort County, South Carolina
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708:
296:
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School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
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National Register of Historic Places in Beaufort County, South Carolina
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283:
1100:
Official website of the Penn Center, St. Helena Island, South Carolina
1025:
http://npshistory.com/publications/reer/penn-center-walking-tour.pdf
1094:
Penn Center Historic District, Beaufort County (St. Helena Island)
2063:
1787:
1706:
1597:
1023:
Penn Center Historic District. (n.d.). Penn Center Walking Tour.
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1843:
1011:
Cultural Resources, Partnerships, and Science Southeast Region.
231:, is an African-American cultural and educational center in the
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248:
2002:
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519:(1911), built by Penn's carpentry students to house teachers.
239:. Founded in 1862 by Quaker and Unitarian missionaries from
1099:
2232:
Buildings and structures in Berkeley County, South Carolina
1104:
1051:
South Carolina Department of Archives and History. (n.d.).
1013:
http://npshistory.com/publications/reer/hsr-darrah-hall.pdf
1056:
1040:
461:), was used as on-site housing for teachers and guests.
1096:, at South Carolina Department of Archives and History
991:
National Archives and Records Administration. (2017).
976:
Accompanying two photos, exterior, from 1965 and 1974
841:
List of National Historic Landmarks in South Carolina
255:
photographed students and activities at the school.
1518:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1174:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1053:
African American Historic Places in South Carolina.
295:, Courtney Siceloff, John Gadson, Joe McDomick and
2208:
993:South Carolina SP Penn Center Historic District.
1090:SCIway.net, South Carolina Information Highway
1074:Across the bridge: Penn School and Penn Center
1055:Home | SC Department of Archives and History.
1039:Home | SC Department of Archives and History.
995:National Archives and Records Administration.
2227:National Historic Landmarks in South Carolina
1559:
1125:
963:
2242:African-American museums in South Carolina
2237:Museums in Beaufort County, South Carolina
1606:A House Divided: Denmark Vesey's Rebellion
1566:
1552:
1132:
1118:
959:
957:
900:National Historic Landmark summary listing
269:
57:
1783:Gullah/Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor
1141:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
997:https://catalog.archives.gov/id/118997169
836:Gullah/Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor
303:(which in spring 2019 was elevated as an
243:, it was the first school founded in the
37:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1573:
1009:Darrah Hall - Historic Structure Report.
890:
888:
677:Southern Christian Leadership Conference
373:32.389754917802804°N 80.57606867793497°W
342:
46:U.S. National Historic Landmark District
954:
902:. National Park Service. Archived from
717:(1942), built as a teacher's residence.
2247:Education museums in the United States
2209:
1070:
869:"National Register Information System"
863:
861:
615:Green Learning Center Rosenwald School
378:32.389754917802804; -80.57606867793497
315:however, used by his associates, Rev.
2262:1862 establishments in South Carolina
1547:
1113:
885:
2267:Saint Helena Island (South Carolina)
1956:Timeline of African-American history
874:National Register of Historic Places
831:Reconstruction Era National Monument
301:Reconstruction Era National Monument
264:Reconstruction Era National Monument
858:
679:for training and strategy meetings.
339:all had connections to Penn Center
260:National Historic Landmark District
13:
1065:
14:
2283:
1657:Bruh Rabbit and the Tar Baby Girl
1081:
733:(1968), built during the year of
129:St. Helena Island, South Carolina
2191:
2190:
1842:
1836:
1762:Sixth and Seventh Books of Moses
1199:
1192:
1088:Penn Center - History and Photos
971:(Report). National Park Service.
812:
800:
788:
776:
764:
752:
106:
99:
81:
74:
1071:Jordan, Francis Harold (1991).
1045:
1007:National Park Service. (2019).
896:"Penn School Historic District"
1029:
1017:
1001:
985:
929:
918:
189:
1:
1105:Brick Baptist Church web site
851:
683:Butler Building (Penn Center)
602:Emory S. Campbell Dining Hall
569:Emory S. Campbell Dining Hall
115:Show map of the United States
29:Penn School Historic District
2041:Slavery in the United States
2036:History of the United States
964:James Sheire (August 1974).
258:The campus was designated a
18:United States historic place
7:
1793:Michael Row the Boat Ashore
1500:National Historic Landmarks
824:
419:Hampton House (Penn Center)
10:
2288:
745:
627:Lathers Memorial Dormitory
90:Show map of South Carolina
2188:
2051:
1943:
1935:South Carolina Lowcountry
1889:
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1673:
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721:The Cannery (Penn Center)
213:
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188:NRHP reference
187:
179:
171:
134:
124:
68:
56:
52:
43:
34:
27:
23:
1988:History of Guinea-Bissau
1951:African-American history
1897:Beaufort, South Carolina
1819:African-American culture
771:Back view of Darrah Hall
666:Frissell Community House
633:Frissell Community House
2024:History of Sierra Leone
1917:Golden Isles of Georgia
735:Martin Luther King, Jr.
705:Martin Luther King, Jr.
655:32.389411°N 80.576675°W
591:32.388493°N 80.575187°W
545:32.387897°N 80.576541°W
487:32.388332°N 80.575288°W
441:32.388710°N 80.575835°W
278:At the outbreak of the
270:Description and history
1697:Afro-American religion
1513:Keeper of the Register
1164:Keeper of the Register
731:Retreat House and Dock
397:Penn Center Bell Tower
305:National Historic Park
245:Southern United States
2052:Related ethnic groups
2017:History of the Gambia
1876:Port Royal Experiment
1690:Religion and folklore
1630:Daughters of the Dust
1533:Contributing property
1179:National Park Service
1159:Contributing property
1057:https://scdah.sc.gov/
1041:https://scdah.sc.gov/
1035:Power, T. J. (1993).
879:National Park Service
660:32.389411; -80.576675
596:32.388493; -80.575187
556:York W. Bailey Museum
550:32.387897; -80.576541
492:32.388332; -80.575288
446:32.388710; -80.575835
343:Penn Center Buildings
175:47 acres (19 ha)
156:32.38830°N 80.57530°W
1963:Atlantic slave trade
1638:Gullah Gullah Island
523:Cope Industrial Shop
384:Brick Baptist Church
351:Brick Baptist Church
253:Leigh Richmond Miner
214:Designated NHLD
63:Brick Baptist Church
1778:Charleston red rice
1590:Film and television
881:. January 23, 2007.
795:Basket making class
650: /
586: /
540: /
482: /
436: /
368: /
329:James McBride Dabbs
289:Laura Matilda Towne
237:Saint Helena Island
161:32.38830; -80.57530
152: /
2012:History of Senegal
1998:History of Nigeria
1993:History of Liberia
1747:John the Conqueror
621:Pine Grove Cottage
312:Martin Luther King
280:American Civil War
2204:
2203:
2184:
2183:
2059:African Americans
1968:History of Angola
1924:(protected site)
1832:
1831:
1824:Culture of Africa
1803:Robot Hive/Exodus
1771:Music and culture
1664:Vibration Cooking
1614:A Soldier's Story
1541:
1540:
1528:Historic district
1169:Historic district
413:Alden Sales House
233:Corners Community
221:
220:
209:September 9, 1974
201:Significant dates
2279:
2194:
2193:
1983:History of Ghana
1978:History of Congo
1973:History of Benin
1907:Eulonia, Georgia
1902:Daufuskie Island
1856:
1855:
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1840:
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1474:North Charleston
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695:The Potato House
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217:December 2, 1974
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1944:Related history
1939:
1885:
1881:Stono Rebellion
1866:Bilali Document
1847:
1841:
1828:
1812:Related culture
1807:
1766:
1742:Hot foot powder
1712:Flying Africans
1685:
1681:Gullah language
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1066:Further reading
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906:on June 6, 2011
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783:Orchard Cottage
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1922:Sapelo Island
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759:Benezet House
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749:
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739:Gantt Cottage
736:
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729:
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701:Gantt Cottage
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570:
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511:Cedar Cottage
509:
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498:Benezet House
466:
465:Benezet House
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452:Hampton House
420:
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337:James Clyburn
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325:Septima Clark
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293:Howard Kester
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206:Added to NRHP
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137:
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67:
60:
55:
51:
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42:
38:
33:
26:
22:
16:
2195:
2029:Bunce Island
1890:Demographics
1871:Igbo Landing
1702:Black church
1662:
1655:
1649:Publications
1636:
1628:
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1596:
1438:Williamsburg
1278:Chesterfield
1073:
1069:
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1031:
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987:
981:(32 KB)
975:
944:. Retrieved
940:
931:
920:
908:. Retrieved
904:the original
899:
872:
807:Sewing class
689:Arnett House
401:Liberty Bell
346:
333:Esau Jenkins
317:Andrew Young
309:
277:
273:
257:
241:Pennsylvania
228:
224:
222:
125:Nearest city
15:
1928:Hog Hammock
1798:Ranky Tanky
1732:Goofer dust
1641:(1994–2000)
1488:Other lists
1423:Spartanburg
946:January 17,
941:www.nps.gov
658: /
594: /
548: /
490: /
444: /
407:Darrah Hall
376: /
321:James Bevel
229:Penn School
225:Penn Center
159: /
135:Coordinates
2211:Categories
2176:Toucouleur
2007:Senegambia
1757:Ring shout
1737:Haint blue
1469:Greenville
1459:Charleston
1403:Orangeburg
1328:Greenville
1323:Georgetown
1303:Dorchester
1293:Darlington
1263:Charleston
852:References
664: (
645:80°34′36″W
642:32°23′22″N
600: (
581:80°34′31″W
578:32°23′19″N
554: (
535:80°34′36″W
532:32°23′16″N
496: (
477:80°34′31″W
474:32°23′18″N
450: (
431:80°34′33″W
428:32°23′19″N
382: (
363:80°34′34″W
360:32°23′23″N
284:Union Army
147:80°34′31″W
144:32°23′18″N
1479:Rock Hill
1388:McCormick
1373:Lexington
1358:Lancaster
1333:Greenwood
1313:Fairfield
1308:Edgefield
1283:Clarendon
1228:Allendale
1218:Abbeville
1211:by county
910:March 10,
711:" speech.
353:(1855) (
319:and Rev.
282:in 1861,
2197:Category
2154:Niominka
2109:Mandinka
1674:Language
1464:Columbia
1413:Richland
1393:Newberry
1383:Marlboro
1318:Florence
1288:Colleton
1268:Cherokee
1253:Berkeley
1248:Beaufort
1243:Barnwell
1233:Anderson
825:See also
635:(1925) (
571:(1917) (
525:(1912) (
467:(1905) (
421:(1904) (
195:74001824
2064:Ambundu
1912:Georgia
1852:History
1788:Kumbaya
1707:Boo Hag
1598:Conrack
1583:Culture
1495:Bridges
1408:Pickens
1363:Laurens
1353:Kershaw
1338:Hampton
1273:Chester
1258:Calhoun
1238:Bamberg
746:Gallery
2144:Laalaa
2099:Kpelle
1717:Hoodoo
1633:(1991)
1625:(1989)
1617:(1984)
1609:(1982)
1601:(1974)
1577:topics
1428:Sumter
1418:Saluda
1398:Oconee
1378:Marion
1348:Jasper
1298:Dillon
1152:Topics
979:
335:, and
249:Gullah
2169:Saafi
2164:Palor
2139:Serer
2134:Wolof
2124:Temne
2114:Mende
2104:Limba
2094:Kongo
2089:Kissi
2003:Sahel
1622:Glory
1433:Union
1343:Horry
1223:Aiken
1209:Lists
969:(pdf)
725:Conch
180:Built
2159:Noon
2149:Ndut
2119:Susu
2084:Jola
2079:Igbo
2074:Fula
2069:Baga
1722:Mojo
1443:York
973:and
948:2017
912:2008
223:The
183:1855
172:Area
2129:Vai
1368:Lee
1143:in
235:on
190:No.
2213::
2005:/
956:^
939:.
898:.
887:^
877:.
871:.
860:^
331:,
327:,
1567:e
1560:t
1553:v
1133:e
1126:t
1119:v
950:.
914:.
741:.
727:.
668:)
604:)
558:)
500:)
454:)
386:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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