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342:, a former mauthausen prisoner, whom he knew from the concentration camp was the president of Czechoslovakia. It was the fact that helped Bergmann convince him to demand a plaque in memory of the German Social Democrats and Communists who were executed because of their activities as resistance fighters.
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Pavel
Bergmann worked as a scholar at the Philosophical Faculty of Charles University in Prague. In 1964 he was a witness at the so-called Great trial of the leading SS men from the Auschwitz concentration camp. The protocol of this trial was published in English, and the introduction was written by
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Bergmann was married once, to Eva
Bergmannová and the couple had two sons, scientist Pavel Bergmann Jr. and film producer Daniel Bergmann. The marriage ended in divorce and he had three children with his domestic partner, also named Eva, however they never married. Bergmann died on 17 April 2005 in
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In 1970 he was forced to leave the university. As a Jew he could leave the country whenever he wanted. However he considered it his duty to stay in
Czechoslovakia and to resist the repression of the Czech nation by neo-Stalinists. He tried to keep his contacts abroad, and worked mainly for
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on 14 February 1930 to Jindřich
Bergmann and Karolina Steinova. His father's family belonged to the Jewish-German cultural circle. His mother's belonged to Czech cultural circle. After his father died when he was two years old, his grandfather brought him up.
366:. He was also interested in the problems of the Communist totalitarian system. Since that he had been helping in the reconciliation of the Czech and German nations. He continued his endeavours in this direction even after the restoration of
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and did not side with those members of the party who joined the
Communists in June 1948. In 1950, when another wave of persecutions was coming, he was told by some Communist friends that further purges were imminent. He decided to leave
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he founded the
Independent Socialistic Movement in Czechoslovakia. The main reason for the establishment of this movement was to link the movement for human rights in Czechoslovakia with political structures of the democratic West.
338:. Since the beginning of liberalization in the Eastern Bloc in 1956, he had tried to enter public life as a member of the organization which united victims and veterans of World War II. At the time,
429:. His very intensive period of political activity culminated in the fall of 1988 with the establishment of the so-called Movement for Civil Liberty which was the direct predecessor of the
359:, a famous German playwright, used this trial as the basis for his play about the essence of totalitarian crimes against humanity and the role of human beings in such conditions.
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in the spring of 1945. Most of the members of his family had been murdered by the Nazis so he lived with his grandmother in
Northwestern Bohemia. He finished high school in
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and died there in the spring of 1943. Later he was deported to the Ghetto in
October 1942 and was there until the spring of 1944. In May 1944 Bergmann was deported to
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327:. He did not interrupt his studies but at the same time he taught small children to read, write and do arithmetic at the elementary level in a small village.
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Movement which was fighting for the independence of
Czechoslovakia from the Communist Regime. Bergmann held a number of political positions including:
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In the second half of the 1960s he was able to pursue the studies which were in his interest, that is, the study of totalitarian regimes, especially
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Prague aged 74. He was survived by his wife, 5 children, and three grandchildren. Bergmann's daughter Julie married sculptor Pavel Opočenský.
295:. Bergmann was interested in history and philosophy and was fortunate to start his studies while some of the leading scholars still worked at
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During his life, Bergmann was heavily involved in the politics of
Czechoslovakia and later Czech Republic. He was an important member of the
319:. He had reasons to be wary because he had known a number of prominent people who were persecuted by the Communist regime, for instance
440:
The intensive political opposition actively against the Communist regime was crowned in the autumn of 1989 by the establishment of the
389:, the chairman of the National Assembly. In autumn of 1969, the Czechoslovak borders were again closed and after that he returned to
275:, where he was until the start of the evacuation of this concentration camp in January 1945. Subsequently, he was transported to the
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299:. He has been a member of the Czech Historical Club since 1947 and was able to attend lectures by Professors Jindřich Chalupecký,
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In 1968 he took part in the attempt to reform the Czechoslovak political system and was among those who tried to renew the
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After the Munich crisis in 1938, the prevailing circumstances prevented his mother from emigrating. She was on a special
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219:(14 February 1930, in Prague – 17 April 2005, in Prague) was a Czech historian, philosopher, a signatory of the
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asked him to become his political advisor. In December 1976 Bergmann took part in the founding of the
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425:, published in a samizdat. In winter 1980, Bergmann and his co-workes formed the Committee of
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FREUND, John. After those fifty years – Memoirs of the Birkenau Boys. Toronto, 1992. 226 s.
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1976, Founder of the Independent Socialistic Movement in Czechoslovakia, along with
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At university he was interested mainly in history but he also studied philosophy,
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1988, Part of Movement for Civil Liberty, the direct predecessor to the
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who was sentenced to life imprisonment in the well-known trial of
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452:. During the revolution Bergmann was one of the renewers of the
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list because she had supported German and Austrian refugees in
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in Austria. The American army freed the camp in May 1945.
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1990s, One of several renewers behind the newly reformed
421:In the period 1979 to 1980 he was a co-editor of
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45:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
448:. Bergmann worked in a leading position for
444:which initiated and led the anti-Communist
625:Záznam svědectví u Frankfurtského procesu
423:Dialogue: a Cultural and Political Review
385:. He worked as an advisor on Germany for
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
491:, the chairman of the National Assembly.
458:
223:manifesto, and a founding member of the
665:Auschwitz concentration camp survivors
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610:Životopis na stránkách města Duchcov
540:Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party
482:Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party
454:Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party
383:Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party
312:Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party
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310:In the fall of 1947 he entered the
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514:1980, Founder of the Committee of
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690:People of the Velvet Revolution
660:Theresienstadt Ghetto survivors
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531:1989, Leading Advisor for the
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562:List of Czech and Slovak Jews
524:, alongside future President
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374:after 1968, the year of the
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655:21st-century Czech Jews
650:20th-century Czech Jews
303:, František Kutnar and
145:17 April 2005 (aged 74)
60:more precise citations.
685:Charter 77 signatories
615:Článek na Holocaust.cz
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267:. She was deported to
183:Historian, Philosopher
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403:Amnesty International
378:and its suppression.
287:Bergmann returned to
263:who were fleeing the
620:Článek na Lidovky.cz
695:Writers from Prague
680:Jewish philosophers
397:where he lectured.
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33:list of references
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577:Velvet Revolution
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