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802:(1977–1980), "if you go through most of Team B's specific allegations about weapons systems, and you just examine them one by one, they were all wrong." Nonetheless, some still claim that its conclusions about Soviet strategical aims were largely proven to be true, but this hardly squares with the elevation of
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of his interest in a French laboratory producing pharmaceutical products in the United States, Nitze took an intellectual sabbatical that included a year of graduate study at
Harvard in
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Awards
Council member and statesman Paul H. Nitze presents the Golden Plate Award to Ben Bradlee during the 1988 Achievement Summit in Nashville, Tennessee.
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where he remained until founding his own firm, P. H. Nitze & Co, in 1938. He returned to Dillon, Read as Vice-President from 1939 through to 1941.
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In 1997, Nitze was awarded the Naval
Heritage Award by the US Navy Memorial Foundation for his support of the US Navy while he was Secretary of the Navy.
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557:, Republican Congresswoman for New York. She died in 1987. They had four children: Heidi, Peter, William, and Phyllis Anina (Nina). The journalist
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Following his term as
Secretary of the Navy, he served as Deputy Secretary of Defense (1967–1969), as a member of the US delegation to the
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for the State
Department (1950–1953). He was also the principal author in 1950 of the highly influential but secret
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814:(1981–1984). In 1984, Nitze was named Special Advisor to the President and Secretary of State on Arms Control.
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appointed Nitze
Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs. In 1963, Nitze became the
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against blaming the Soviet Union for the conflict too directly in order to avoid risking an escalation to
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and the decline of the importance of finance. Having attained financial independence through the sale to
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397:(January 16, 1907 – October 19, 2004) was an American businessman and government official who served as
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Award for
Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by
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President Ronald Reagan presents Paul Nitze with the
Presidential Medal of Freedom. Also pictured:
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is named in his honor. Nitze visited the ship for several ceremonial occasions prior to his death.
841:. The East Room of the White House, Washington, D.C., 7 November 1985. Photograph courtesy of the
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791:. Team B's analysis of Soviet weapon systems was later believed to be largely exaggerated.
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565:, is his grandson. He was married to Elisabeth Scott Porter from 1993 until his death in 2004.
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later that year. From 1944 to 1946, Nitze served as director and then as Vice
Chairman of the
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just in time to be struck by the city crowds' patriotic enthusiasm for the imminent conflict.
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2011:
2006:
1000:"One of the most dangerous forms of human error is forgetting what one is trying to achieve."
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and assess the damage. This experience framed many of his later feelings about the power of
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Annotated bibliography for Paul Nitze from the Alsos
Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
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748:(SALT) (1969–1973). Later, fearing Soviet rearmament, he opposed the ratification of
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1057:"Nitze, Paul Henry - The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives - Encyclopedia.com"
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Special Adviser to the President and Secretary of State on Arms Control (1984–1989)
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while he was traveling in Germany with his father, mother, and sister, arriving in
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771:. The Team B reports became the intellectual foundation for the idea of "the
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The Hawk and the Dove: Paul Nitze, George Kennan, and the History of the Cold War
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Gaddis, John Lewis, and Paul Nitze. "NSC 68 and the Soviet Threat Reconsidered."
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of Bacon, Whipple and Company sent Nitze to Europe. Upon his return, he heard
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1252:"Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom"
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defense policy over the course of numerous presidential administrations.
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for his contributions to the freedom and security of the United States.
783:. Team B came to the conclusion that the Soviets had developed new
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1981:
1918:
997:"I have been around at a time when important things needed to be done."
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473:, Paul Nitze describes how as a young boy he witnessed the outbreak of
129:
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729:, is named in his honor. His publications during this period include
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For more than forty years, Nitze was one of the chief architects of
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775:" and of the massive arms buildup that began toward the end of the
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608:. In 1943 he became chief of the Metals and Minerals Branch of the
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935:, where he served as a trustee, has an honors program in his name.
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Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs
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Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs
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From Hiroshima to Glasnost: At the Center of Decision: A Memoir
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when Forrestal became an administrative assistant to President
519:
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418:
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1276:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
30:
580:. Nitze continued to ski in Aspen until well into his 80s.
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U.S. Submarines Since 1945: An Illustrated Design History
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and had aggressive strategies with regard to a potential
768:
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in 1943 and the world-renowned graduate school, based in
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The Master of the Game: Paul Nitze and the Nuclear Peace
1044:
The Master of the Game: Paul Nitze and the Nuclear Peace
653:
and Cold War, he served in the Truman Administration as
630:. One of his early government assignments was to visit
1133:
Secret Wars: Covert Conflict in International Politics
923:
Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies
592:
after having been hired by his Wall Street colleague
488:, where he was a member of the class of 1924 and the
413:. He is best known for being the principal author of
1550:
for the WGBH series War and Peace in the Nuclear Age
1071:"Guide to the Elizabeth H. Paepcke Papers 1889-1994"
687:
From 1953 to 1961, Nitze served as president of the
1417:
Dangerous Capabilities: Paul Nitze and the Cold War
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Dangerous Capabilities: Paul Nitze and the Cold War
856:In 1986, he received the Golden Plate Award of the
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Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs
428:
2774:
2863:University of Chicago Laboratory Schools alumni
882:for his commitment to the Academy's ideals of "
691:while concurrently serving as associate of the
545:In 1932, he married Phyllis Pratt, daughter of
2873:United States Assistant Secretaries of Defense
1219:
2547:
1648:
1355:"Paul Nitze, Cold War Strategist, Dies at 97"
939:
600:. In 1942, he became finance director of the
161:January 29, 1961 – November 29, 1963
693:Washington Center of Foreign Policy Research
2843:United States deputy secretaries of defense
2563:United States Deputy Secretaries of Defense
1135:, Princeton University Press, pp. 156-157,
849:In 1985 President Reagan awarded Nitze the
2858:Lyndon B. Johnson administration personnel
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2540:
1655:
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1427:NSC-68 forging the strategy of containment
109:November 29, 1963 – June 30, 1967
29:
1615:United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
1213:
710:conference, where discussion ranged from
636:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
399:United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
44:United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
2833:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
1586:November 29, 1963 – June 30, 1967
1315:"National - Jefferson Awards Foundation"
1160:
1030:"Directors of the Policy Planning Staff"
874:In 1991, he was awarded the prestigious
828:
812:Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
719:School of Advanced International Studies
697:School of Advanced International Studies
588:Nitze entered government service during
490:University of Chicago Laboratory Schools
56:July 1, 1967 – January 20, 1969
2823:Politicians from Amherst, Massachusetts
1548:Interview about the SALT I negotiations
1104:with Thompson on "New Books in History"
863:In 1989, Nitze received the US Senator
334: 1932; died 1987)
218:January 1, 1950 – May 28, 1953
2775:
2477:Research, Development and Acquisitions
1352:
689:Foreign Service Educational Foundation
2848:United States secretaries of the navy
2535:
2467:Energy, Installations and Environment
1664:United States Secretaries of the Navy
1636:
561:, who wrote a biography of Nitze and
2462:Financial Management and Comptroller
1425:Drew, S. Nelson, and Paul H. Nitze.
824:
583:
538:. In 1929 he joined investment bank
980:Member of the US delegation to the
892:
800:Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
97:United States Secretary of the Navy
13:
1409:
1387:"Paul Nitze Quotes at BrainyQuote"
843:Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
634:in the immediate aftermath of the
14:
2884:
2838:Recipients of the Legion of Merit
2793:American people of German descent
2510:Research, Engineering and Systems
1481:
957:United States Department of State
819:US policy toward the Soviet Union
496:in 1928 and entered the field of
2803:Johns Hopkins University faculty
2761:
2571:
2108:
2101:
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779:and accelerated under President
441:who concluded his career at the
429:Early life, education and family
2853:Reagan administration personnel
1450:Nitze, Paul, with Ann M Smith.
1379:
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1290:
1284:American Academy of Achievement
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982:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
858:American Academy of Achievement
765:National Intelligence Estimates
746:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
614:Foreign Economic Administration
354:
331:
2818:St. Mary's College of Maryland
1353:Berger, Marilyn (2004-10-20).
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933:St. Mary's College of Maryland
876:United States Military Academy
755:Paul Nitze was a cofounder of
731:U.S. Foreign Policy: 1945–1955
1:
1464:(1989), scholarly biography;
1298:"Ben Bradlee Biography Photo"
1171:United States Naval Institute
1131:Carson, Austin (2018-12-31),
1016:
947:U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey
901:, at age 97 in October 2004.
851:Presidential Medal of Freedom
806:in 1985. Nitze was President
2828:People from Washington, D.C.
2798:Directors of Policy Planning
2472:Manpower and Reserve Affairs
1526:Resources in other libraries
1507:Resources in other libraries
16:American government official
7:
2495:Installations and Logistics
2482:General Counsel of the Navy
1004:
975:Deputy Secretary of Defense
953:Director of Policy Planning
810:'s chief negotiator of the
785:weapons of mass destruction
655:Director of Policy Planning
445:. His parents were both of
407:Director of Policy Planning
206:Director of Policy Planning
10:
2889:
2515:Shipbuilding and Logistics
1397:This article incorporates
940:Offices and positions held
703:. In 1956 he attended the
471:From Hiroshima to Glasnost
403:U.S. Secretary of the Navy
2813:Harvard University alumni
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1932:
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1521:Resources in your library
1502:Resources in your library
1161:Friedman, Norman (1994).
1141:10.1515/9780691184241-006
991:
659:National Security Council
610:Board of Economic Warfare
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2505:Research and Development
927:Johns Hopkins University
701:Johns Hopkins University
619:Strategic Bombing Survey
568:Nitze's brother-in-law,
453:came from the region of
2868:Family of Charles Pratt
2808:Hotchkiss School alumni
773:window of vulnerability
759:, a 1970s intelligence
421:. He helped shape U.S.
1438:International Security
929:is named in his honor.
846:
708:anti-submarine warfare
540:Dillon, Read & Co.
503:In 1928 and 1929, the
435:Amherst, Massachusetts
417:and the co-founder of
344:Elisabeth Scott Porter
287:Amherst, Massachusetts
1582:Secretary of the Navy
1440:4.4 (1980): 164–176.
1223:(November 11, 2003).
1151:, retrieved 2022-02-1
969:Secretary of the Navy
945:Vice chairman of the
880:Sylvanus Thayer Award
832:
777:Carter administration
739:Secretary of the Navy
733:. In 1961, President
717:Nitze co-founded the
678:Truman administration
672:armament. During the
642:and the necessity of
632:Allied-occupied Japan
598:Franklin D. Roosevelt
492:. He graduated from
443:University of Chicago
411:U.S. State Department
1470:Thompson, Nicholas.
1173:. pp. 109–114.
884:Duty, Honor, Country
763:that challenged the
714:to nuclear weapons.
622:for which President
578:Aspen Skiing Company
486:The Hotchkiss School
231:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1566:Government offices
1280:www.achievement.org
1167:Annapolis, Maryland
1091:. October 22, 2004.
839:Roberta Wohlstetter
439:Romance linguistics
1600:Political offices
1541:2006-08-28 at the
1403:United States Navy
1359:The New York Times
1199:globalsecurity.org
1121:. 21 October 2004.
847:
606:Nelson Rockefeller
553:financier, and of
498:investment banking
494:Harvard University
433:Nitze was born in
378:Harvard University
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2524:
2090:
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1622:Succeeded by
1589:Succeeded by
1488:Library resources
1460:Talbott, Strobe.
1415:Callahan, David.
1149:978-0-691-18424-1
825:Awards and honors
676:, he advised the
590:World War II
584:Government career
559:Nicholas Thompson
536:international law
469:. In his memoir,
392:
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174:Lyndon B. Johnson
118:Lyndon B. Johnson
65:Lyndon B. Johnson
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2341:T. Roosevelt Sr.
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1934:Dept. of Defense
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1605:Preceded by
1592:Charles F. Baird
1571:Preceded by
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1317:. Archived from
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1225:"The Hard Liner"
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1042:Strobe Talbott,
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1026:
910:-class destroyer
899:Washington, D.C.
893:Death and legacy
869:Jefferson Awards
767:provided by the
727:Washington, D.C.
723:Christian Herter
626:awarded him the
563:George F. Kennan
555:Ruth Baker Pratt
547:John Teele Pratt
516:Great Depression
395:Paul Henry Nitze
358:
356:
335:
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304:Washington, D.C.
300:
297:October 19, 2004
284:January 16, 1907
283:
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274:Paul Henry Nitze
265:Personal details
251:
243:George F. Kennan
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186:John N. Irwin II
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1543:Wayback Machine
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1115:"Paul H. Nitze"
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640:nuclear weapons
628:Legion of Merit
624:Harry S. Truman
594:James Forrestal
586:
574:Aspen Institute
512:Clarence Dillon
484:Nitze attended
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357: 1993)
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255:Robert R. Bowie
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2376:F. Roosevelt
1986:
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1370:. Retrieved
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1323:. Retrieved
1319:the original
1309:
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1259:. Retrieved
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1234:. Retrieved
1228:
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1203:. Retrieved
1201:. 7 May 2011
1198:
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1132:
1127:
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1109:
1097:
1088:
1085:"Paul Nitze"
1079:
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1024:
946:
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907:
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888:
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862:
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750:SALT II
743:
730:
721:(SAIS) with
716:
712:oceanography
686:
662:policy paper
648:
644:arms control
617:
587:
567:
551:Standard Oil
544:
514:predict the
502:
483:
470:
432:
394:
393:
299:(2004-10-19)
250:Succeeded by
213:
193:Succeeded by
156:
137:Succeeded by
104:
84:Succeeded by
51:
2788:2004 deaths
2783:1907 births
2381:G. Woodbury
2306:Secretaries
2269:Livingstone
2121:Secretaries
2077:Braithwaite
1729:L. Woodbury
1672:Secretaries
1608:Cyrus Vance
1574:Paul B. Fay
1554:Appearances
984:(1969–1973)
977:(1967–1969)
971:(1963–1967)
965:(1961–1963)
959:(1950–1953)
949:(1944–1946)
789:nuclear war
757:Team B
651:postwar era
475:World War I
238:Preceded by
181:Preceded by
125:Preceded by
77:Cyrus Vance
72:Preceded by
2777:Categories
2214:Middendorf
2007:Middendorf
1819:R Thompson
1714:S Thompson
1619:1967–1969
1493:Paul Nitze
1372:2017-08-29
1340:"Namesake"
1325:2013-08-05
1261:2023-08-22
1017:References
865:John Heinz
761:think tank
674:Korean War
528:philosophy
280:1907-01-16
130:Fred Korth
23:Paul Nitze
2718:Wolfowitz
2658:Ellsworth
2628:Gilpatric
2608:Robertson
2486:defunct:
2455:Post–1954
2366:Satterlee
2304:Assistant
2224:Macdonald
2159:Whitehair
2129:Forrestal
1924:Forrestal
1869:Bonaparte
1734:Dickerson
1367:0362-4331
1102:Interview
1089:The Times
913:USS
804:Gorbachev
796:Anne Cahn
524:sociology
455:Magdeburg
451:ancestors
374:Education
223:President
214:In office
166:President
157:In office
114:President
105:In office
61:President
52:In office
2748:Norquist
2743:Shanahan
2673:Carlucci
2653:Clements
2603:Anderson
2500:Material
2391:Robinson
2371:Winthrop
2361:Newberry
2314:Pre–1954
2284:Davidson
2239:Goodrich
2169:T. Gates
2144:Sullivan
2139:A. Gates
2082:Del Toro
1992:Ignatius
1977:Connally
1967:T. Gates
1957:Anderson
1947:Matthews
1942:Sullivan
1879:Newberry
1834:Chandler
1769:Bancroft
1739:Paulding
1719:Southard
1699:Hamilton
1689:Stoddert
1594:(acting)
1576:(acting)
1539:Archived
1300:. 1988.
1005:See also
955:for the
752:(1979).
695:and the
423:Cold War
409:for the
366:Children
2723:England
2713:de Leon
2668:Claytor
2643:Packard
2623:Douglas
2613:Quarles
2436:Koehler
2431:Andrews
2411:Compton
2396:Jahncke
2356:Darling
2351:Hackett
2244:Garrett
2229:Woolsey
2209:Sanders
2194:Baldwin
2154:Kimball
2072:Spencer
2057:England
2042:O'Keefe
2037:Garrett
2017:Hidalgo
2012:Claytor
1952:Kimball
1909:Swanson
1889:Daniels
1874:Metcalf
1849:Herbert
1839:Whitney
1814:Robeson
1789:Kennedy
1779:Preston
1754:Henshaw
1476:excerpt
1474:(2010)
1454:(1989)
1429:(1994)
1419:(1990)
1236:June 9,
1205:23 July
1046:(1989).
925:of the
798:of the
735:Kennedy
505:Chicago
467:Germany
457:in the
359:
351:
347:
336:
328:
324:
311:Spouses
2733:Carter
2698:Deutch
2688:Atwood
2678:Thayer
2663:Duncan
2593:Foster
2588:Lovett
2446:Fogler
2441:Askins
2426:Kenney
2421:Hensel
2406:Edison
2336:McAdoo
2274:Aviles
2259:Hultin
2254:Danzig
2249:Howard
2234:Murray
2219:Potter
2204:Warner
2189:BeLieu
2174:Franke
2164:Thomas
2149:Kenney
2062:Winter
2052:Danzig
2047:Dalton
2022:Lehman
2002:Warner
1997:Chafee
1972:Franke
1962:Thomas
1914:Edison
1899:Wilbur
1864:Morton
1804:Welles
1799:Toucey
1794:Dobbin
1784:Graham
1759:Gilmer
1749:Upshur
1744:Badger
1724:Branch
1558:C-SPAN
1490:about
1466:online
1456:online
1431:online
1421:online
1365:
1177:
1147:
992:Quotes
835:Albert
670:Soviet
666:NSC 68
530:, and
520:Revlon
479:Munich
449:. His
419:Team B
415:NSC 68
405:, and
306:, U.S.
289:, U.S.
2753:Hicks
2708:Hamre
2703:White
2693:Perry
2638:Nitze
2633:Vance
2618:Gates
2583:Early
2346:Allen
2331:Soley
2326:Faxon
2294:Raven
2289:Modly
2264:Pirie
2199:Baird
2179:Bantz
2119:Under
2067:Mabus
1987:Nitze
1982:Korth
1904:Adams
1894:Denby
1884:Meyer
1859:Moody
1844:Tracy
1809:Borie
1774:Mason
1764:Mason
1704:Jones
1694:Smith
915:Nitze
459:state
353:(
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42:12th
2738:Work
2728:Lynn
2683:Taft
2648:Rush
2598:Kyes
2416:Bard
2279:Work
2134:Bard
2032:Ball
2027:Webb
1919:Knox
1854:Long
1829:Hunt
1824:Goff
1363:ISSN
1238:2006
1207:2013
1175:ISBN
1145:ISBN
921:The
905:The
837:and
576:and
549:, a
534:and
294:Died
270:Born
204:2nd
2490:Air
2321:Fox
2184:Fay
1556:on
1442:doi
1137:doi
886:".
878:'s
769:CIA
461:of
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465:,
401:,
382:BA
355:m.
332:m.
2555:e
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