Paul Morphy - Knowledge

350: 216:. He informed his hosts that he wanted to spend an evening playing chess against a strong local opponent. While he only played infrequently, Scott enjoyed chess and considered himself to be a formidable player. The arrangements were made, and a game was set up after dinner. When Morphy was brought in, Scott initially took offense to a child being offered as his opponent, believing he was being made fun of. However, after being assured that his wishes had been scrupulously obeyed, and that Morphy was a chess prodigy who would prove his skill, Scott agreed to play. Morphy easily defeated Scott in both of the games they played, ending the second game by 400:... it was suggested that Mr. Morphy, the winner at the late Congress and the present American champion, should cross the ocean, and boldly encounter the distinguished magnates of the transatlantic chess circles; but it unfortunately happens that serious family reasons forbid Mr. Morphy, for the present, to entertain the thought of visiting Europe. It, therefore, becomes necessary to arrange, if possible, a meeting between the latter and the acknowledged European champion, in regard to whom there can be no scope for choice or hesitation—the common voice of the chess world pronounces your name ... 705: 258: 2016: 446:

considered past his prime by the late 1850s. Staunton is known to have been working on his edition of the complete works of Shakespeare at the time, but he also competed in a chess tournament during Morphy's visit. Staunton later blamed Morphy for the failure to have a match, suggesting among other things that Morphy lacked the funds required for match stakes—a most unlikely charge given Morphy's popularity. Morphy also remained resolutely opposed to playing chess for money, reportedly due to family pressure.

1985: 689: 342: 47: 2047: 311:, who was already aware of Morphy's talent, and said openly beforehand that he would be the tournament's victor. Moreover, while the competition was underway Paulsen repeatedly stated that if Morphy were to visit Europe, he could prove his status as the game's greatest living player. As predicted by Paulsen, Morphy defeated James Thompson in the first round, his family friend Meek in the quarter-finals, the German master 500: 424:... If Mr. Morphy—for whose skill we entertain the liveliest admiration—be desirous to win his spurs among the chess chivalry of Europe, he must take advantage of his purposed visit next year; he will then meet in this country, in France, in Germany, and in Russia, many champions whose names must be as household words to him, ready to test and do honor to his prowess. 239:, had visited various American cities and competed successfully against the best local players. He accepted an invitation to Judge Morphy's house to play against Paul, now twelve years old. Löwenthal soon realized he was facing a formidable opponent: each time Morphy made a good move, Löwenthal's eyebrows shot up in a manner described by Ernest Morphy as " 438: 745:

more pairs of shoes of all kinds which he insisted in keeping arranged in a semi-circle in the middle of the room, explaining with his sarcastic smile that in this way, he could at once lay his hands on the particular pair he desired to wear. In a huge porte-manteau he kept all his clothes which were at all times neatly pressed and creased.

652:. Lawson also recounts a recollection by a Richmond resident in 1861 describing Morphy as being "an officer on Beauregard's staff". Other sources indicate that Beauregard considered Morphy to be unqualified, but that he had indeed applied for a staff position. During the war, he spent time both in New Orleans and abroad, spending time in 480:. When asked about his defeat, Anderssen claimed to be out of practice, but also admitted that Morphy was in any event the stronger player and that he was fairly beaten. Anderssen also attested that in his opinion, Morphy was the strongest player ever to play the game, even stronger than the famous French champion 898:. These principles would only be formulated in the theoretical work of Wilhelm Steinitz a quarter-century later. Kasparov maintained that Morphy can be considered both the "forefather of modern chess" and "the first swallow – the prototype of the strong 20th-century grandmaster". World champions Kasparov, 2207:

More than a hundred years were required, in order to show that after 7...Nf6 8.Bg5 Be6 Black has nothing to worry about, for example: 9.N1c3 a6 10.Bxf6 gxf6 11.Na3 d5! etc. (Fischer–Petrosian, Buenos Aires 1st match-game 1971). However, Anderssen with his aggressive style wanted to hasten a crisis in

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disagreed with Fischer's assessment: " glorifiers went on to urge that he was the most brilliant genius who had ever appeared. But if we examine Morphy's record and games critically, we cannot justify such extravaganza. And we are compelled to speak of it as the Morphy myth. He was so far

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I cannot describe better the impression that Morphy made on me than by saying that he treats chess with the earnestness and conscientiousness of an artist. With us, the exertion that a game requires is only a matter of distraction, and lasts only as long as the game gives us pleasure; with him, it is

322:, "his genial disposition, his unaffected modesty and gentlemanly courtesy have endeared him to all his acquaintances." While staying in New York during the fall of 1857, Morphy played 261 games, both with and without odds. In regular games, Morphy's overall record was 87 wins, 8 draws, and 5 losses. 4013:

Edge was a newspaperman who attached himself to Morphy during his stay in England and France. Edge accompanied Morphy everywhere, at times even acting as his unofficial butler and servant. Much that is known about Morphy is owed directly to Edge, including records of many of Morphy's games. The book

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Starting around 1875, Morphy showed signs of a persecution complex; he sued his brother-in-law, for example, and tried to provoke a duel with a friend. His best friend Charles Maurian noted in some letters that Morphy was "deranged" and "not right mentally". In 1875, his mother, brother and a friend

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Sources differ about when and how Morphy learned to play chess. According to his uncle, Ernest Morphy, no one formally taught the young Morphy how to play chess; rather, he simply learned by watching others play. After observing Ernest and Alonzo abandon what had been a lengthy game, conceding that

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Löwenthal and Anderssen both later remarked that Morphy was very hard to beat, since he knew how to defend well and would draw or even win games despite getting into bad positions. At the same time, he was deadly when given a promising position. Anderssen especially commented on this, saying that,

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Now we come to the room which Paul Morphy occupied, and which was separated from his mother's by a narrow hall. Morphy's room was always kept in perfect order, for he was very particular and neat, yet this room had a peculiar aspect and at once struck the visitor as such, for Morphy had a dozen or

421:... The terms of this cartel are distinguished by extreme courtesy, and with one notable exception, by extreme liberality also. The exception in question, however (we refer to the clause which stipulates that the combat shall take place in New Orleans!) appears to us utterly fatal to the match ... 663:

After the war, Morphy remained unable to build a successful law practice. According to records, Morphy attempted at least three times to open and advertise a law office, with each endeavor ultimately being abandoned. It has been speculated that his celebrity as a chess player worked against him,

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Eventually, Morphy went to Europe to play Staunton and other chess greats. Morphy made numerous attempts at setting up a match with Staunton, but none ever came through. Staunton was later criticized for avoiding a match with Morphy, although his peak as a player had been in the 1840s and he was

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The American Chess Association, it is reported, are about to challenge any player in Europe to contest a match with the young victor in the late passage at arms, for from $ 2,000 to $ 5,000 a side, the place of meeting being New York. If the battle-ground were to be London or Paris, there can be

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little doubt, we apprehend, that a European champion would be found; but the best players in Europe are not chess professionals, but have other and more serious avocations, the interests of which forbid such an expenditure of time as is required for a voyage to the United States and back again.

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While Morphy generally played quickly, he "knew also how to be slow, as in some of his match-games with Anderssen". Morphy played before the advent of time controls, and sometimes faced opponents who played very slowly. During the second game of their match in the First American Chess Congress

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Up to this time, Morphy was not well known or highly regarded in Europe. Despite his dominance of the American chess scene, the quality of his opponents was relatively low compared to Europe, where most of the best chess players lived. European opinion was that they should not have to make the

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On the afternoon of July 10, 1884, Morphy was found dead in his bathtub in New Orleans at the age of 47. According to the autopsy, Morphy had suffered a stroke brought on by entering cold water after a long walk in the midday heat. A lifelong Catholic, Morphy was buried in the family tomb in

476:, considered by many to be Europe's leading player. The match between Morphy and Anderssen took place between December 20, 1858, and December 28, 1858, when Morphy was still only 21 years of age. Despite his illness Morphy triumphed easily, winning seven while losing two, with two 276:

in Mobile, Alabama, with his graduating thesis detailing what he saw as the narrow logical limits on justifications for war and secession by the southern states. He proceeded to spend an additional year on campus studying mathematics and philosophy, and in May 1855 was awarded a

543:. Morphy was declared by St. Amant "the first Chess player in the whole world". At a similar gathering in London, where he returned in the spring of 1859, Morphy was again proclaimed "the Champion of the Chess World". He may also have been invited to a private audience with 912:

ranked Morphy among the ten greatest chess players of all time, and described him as "perhaps the most accurate player who ever lived". He noted that "Morphy had enormous talent", and stated that he had the talent to defeat top players of any era.

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overshadowing his attempted practice. Financially secure thanks to his family's fortune, Morphy essentially spent the rest of his life in idleness. When asked by admirers to return to chess competition, he refused. In 1883, Morphy encountered

512:; I wish to see Mr. Morphy", the visitor said, according to Edge. Morphy identified himself to the visitor. "No, it is not possible!" the prince exclaimed, "You are too young!" Prince Galitzin then explained that he was in the frontiers of 739:

Fine wrote that Morphy "arranged women's shoes into a semi-circle around his bed", and this has been widely copied and embellished upon. But it is a misquotation from a booklet written by Morphy's niece, Regina Morphy-Voitier. She wrote:

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An English translation of Lange's 1894 work, with an introduction by Frank Brady. An excellent resource for the European view of Morphy as well as for its biographical information. Lange's book was the much revised third edition of his

307:, a judge and close family friend. The main event of the Congress was a 16-man knockout tournament, with each round consisting of short multi-game matches contested by the opponents. Also competing was the strong German chess master 4060:

Features annotations collected from previous commentators, as well as additions by Sergeant. Includes all of Morphy's games from matches, tournaments, and exhibitions, as well as most of his casual and odds games. Includes a short

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Sir,—On behalf of the New Orleans Chess Club, and in compliance with the instructions of that body, we the undersigned committee, have the honor to invite you to visit our city, and there meet Mr. Paul Morphy in a chess match ...

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by a large margin. He then traveled to Europe, residing for a time in England and France while challenging the continent's top players. He played matches with most of the leading English and French players, as well as the German

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After returning home in 1859, Morphy intended to start a career in law. He did not immediately cease playing serious chess; on a visit to Cuba in 1864, he played a number of games with leading players of that country, including

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This loses immediately, but 16...Qxc7 would merely have prolonged the agony: 17.Rf1+ (much clearer than Maróczy's suggestion of 17.exd4 Ke7 18.0-0-0) 17...Nf5 18.Rxf5+! Bxf5 19.Qxf5+ Ke7 20.Qe6+ Kd8 21.0-0-0! Bd6 22.Bxb7 etc.

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at the very beginning of the war, while his mother and sisters had emigrated to Paris. Not much is known about Morphy's Civil War service; David Lawson cites contemporary reports that Morphy had briefly been on the staff of

192:. They were even more surprised when Paul proved his claim by resetting the pieces and demonstrating the win his uncle had missed. Edge dismisses this anecdote as apocryphal, however. In 1845, Ernest acted as the second for 146:

Due to his early exit from the game despite his unprecedented talent, Morphy has been called "The Pride and Sorrow of Chess". This name has often been attributed to Sheriff Walter Cook Spens, chess editor of the

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In Europe, Morphy was generally hailed as world chess champion. In Paris, at a banquet held in his honor on April 4, 1859, a laurel wreath was placed over the head of a bust of Morphy, carved by the sculptor

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Still only 21 years old, Morphy was now quite famous. While in Paris, he was sitting in his hotel room one evening, chatting with his companion Frederick Edge, when they had an unexpected visitor. "I am

535:, and even offered to find stakes to back his opponent, but the offer was declined. Morphy then declared that he would play no more formal matches, with anyone, without giving at least those odds. 850:

a sacred duty. Never is a game of chess a mere pastime for him, but always a problem worthy of his steel, always a work of vocation, always as if an act by which he fulfills part of his mission.

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Over 415 games, comprising almost all known Morphy games. Chapters on Morphy's place in the development of chess theory, and reprinted articles about Morphy by Steinitz, Alekhine, and others.

3494: 632:, the champion, all at odds of a knight. For the rest of his life, Morphy would not compete in another tournament or serious match without odds, a stipulation he would stress repeatedly. 318:

After his victory, Morphy was immediately hailed as the chess champion of the United States, but he appeared to be unaffected by his sudden fame. According to the December 1857 issue of

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toasted "Paul Morphy, the world's Chess Champion". Consumer products including the "Morphy Hat" and the "Morphy Cigar" were named for him, as was the Morphy Baseball Club in Brooklyn.

2171:. While Morphy's opponents were not the strongest, this later became a well-known game due to its beauty and instructive value, often used by chess teachers to demonstrate how to use 1594: 1311: 1295: 918:

ahead of his rivals that it is hard to find really outstanding examples of his skill... Even if the myth has been destroyed, Morphy remains one of the giants of chess history."

472:, resulting in his losing a significant amount of blood. Although too weak to stand up unaided, Morphy insisted on going ahead with a match against the visiting German master 2187:

In the ninth game of their match, Morphy launches a sacrificial attack against Anderssen's Sicilian defense, winning in 17 moves. Notes are excerpted from those by Kasparov.

417:, stating that it was not possible for him to travel to the United States and that Morphy must come to Europe if he wished to challenge him and other European chess players. 1423: 143:—again winning all matches by large margins. In 1859, Morphy returned to the United States, before ultimately abandoning competitive chess and receding from public view. 671:

In accord with the prevailing sentiment of the time, Morphy esteemed chess only as an amateur activity, considering the game unworthy of pursuit as a serious occupation.

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journey to the United States to play a young and relatively unknown player, especially as the United States had few other quality players to make such a trip worthwhile.

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Includes an annotated bibliography of books and articles published since Lawson's original edition. Omits the sixty game scores in Part II of Lawson's original edition.

2274:(1957), taken from Löwenthal's collection of Morphy's games (1860), but Lawson (1976) considers that the correct score was that published by other sources, such as the 188:

it was a draw—Paul spoke up, stating that Ernest should have won. This surprised the two men, who had not realized that Paul knew the rules of the game, let alone any

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Not yet the required age to practice law, Morphy found himself with free time after graduation. That year, he received an invitation to participate in the First

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Features a short memoir, one-page intro by Morphy with analytical notes by Löwenthal, with more than 160 game scores including blindfold and handicap games.

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A detailed account of the First American Chess Congress, as well as the related history of chess in antebellum America, and Morphy's participation therein.

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Morphy returned to his home city with no further action. The New Orleans Chess Club determined that a direct challenge should be made to European champion

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Beginning in 1850, Morphy played relatively little chess for a number of years, instead focusing on his education. Diligent in his studies, he received a

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posited that Morphy's historical merit lies in his realizing the relevance of three principles that would be vital in later analysis of the game: rapid

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have stated that Morphy's play was far ahead of its time. Euwe moreover described Morphy as "a chess genius in the most complete sense of the term".

809:(1.d4 d5 2.c4); the only recorded instance of Morphy playing the Sicilian Defense as Black was during a game against Löwenthal in 1858. According to 184:

family. Paul grew up in an atmosphere of cultivated, genteel civility, where chess and music were the typical highlights of a Sunday home gathering.

1503: 3265: 2168: 1797: 1642: 177: 1375: 245:". Löwenthal played three games against Morphy during his stay in New Orleans, with sources recording him as either having two losses and one 1263: 863:. Explaining his poor record facing Morphy, Anderssen said " wins his games in Seventeen moves, and I in Seventy. But that is only natural". 516:

when he had first heard of Morphy's "wonderful deeds". He explained, "One of my suite had a copy of the chess paper published in Berlin, the

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published a longer article in which Morphy was mentioned. Both articles have been criticized for the use of unreliable historical sources.

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Also in 1857, Morphy founded the Chess Club of New Orleans, becoming its first President. Early in the following year, he was recruited by

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also contains information regarding the First American Chess Congress and the history of English chess clubs in and before Morphy's time.

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tried to admit him to a Catholic sanitarium, but Morphy was so well able to argue for his rights and sanity that they sent him away.

3635: 582:, ended a testimonial presentation by proclaiming, "Paul Morphy, Chess Champion of the World". In Boston, at a banquet attended by 3919: 3595: 3467: 3664: 481: 4469: 4419: 785:, the Morphy Defense (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6), the most popular response for Black, is named for him. When playing against 231:, considered to be the strongest of Morphy's opponents during this era, and lost at most five. In 1850, Hungarian chess master 173: 4226:, and features greater biographical information as well as documentation of the Morphy-Paulsen and the Morphy-Kolisch affairs. 3605: 4338: 4239: 4193: 4127: 3994: 3974: 3697: 4258: 180:. Morphy's mother, Louise Thérèse Felicitie Thelcide Le Carpentier, was a musically talented woman from a prominent French 2787: 4474: 4424: 3504: 3061: 2824: 2102:

A simply hideous move: who would think of allowing the queen in at d3? Especially since 12.d3 retains a normal position.

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During 1848 and 1849, Morphy competed against the leading players in New Orleans. He played at least fifty games against

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No. 1, New Orleans, Louisiana. The mansion was sold by the family in 1891, and later became the site of the restaurant

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The only English-language book-length biography of Morphy, correcting numerous historical errors that have cropped up.

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Morphy sensed that chess logic was on his side, and he found an immediate refutation of Black's premature activity.

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Black resigned in view of the continuation 17...Nxa1 18.Rf1+ Ke7 19.Qxe5+ Kd7 20.Be6+ Kc6 21.Rc1+ Kb6 22.Qb5 mate.

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became the most erudite player of his time. Fluent in French, English, Spanish, and German, he read Philidor's

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Upon his return to America, the accolades continued as Morphy toured the major cities on his way home. At the

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By 1846, the nine-year-old Morphy was considered one of the best players in New Orleans. That year, General

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in the semifinals, and ultimately Paulsen himself in the finals, to win the tournament's grand prize.

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Morphy approached the game more seriously than even his strongest contemporaries. As Anderssen noted,

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player. During his brief career in the late 1850s, Morphy was acknowledged as the world's greatest

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11.Nxa8 was probably stronger, but Morphy did not want to divert his sights from the enemy king.

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on the street while Steinitz was visiting New Orleans, but declined to discuss chess with him.

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The 'quiet' 22...Rg2! would have won more quickly: 23.Qd3 Rxf2+ 24.Kg1 Rg2+ 25.Kh1 Rg1 mate (

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of 25 years before, plus a few of Morphy's own games. The column ended in August of 1860.

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Fischer's favourite, but later everyone began preferring Karpov's favourite move 6.c4.

2127: 2064: 636: 615:, which started in August of 1859. They consisted primarily of annotating games of the 595: 278: 4328: 833:(at least, he knew all of Anderssen's published games). He studied Bilguer's 400-page 4351: 4289: 4235: 4205:, 1859. The first edition was published in English (translated by Ernst Falkbeer) as 4189: 4151: 4123: 4097: 4070: 4036: 4028: 4022: 3990: 3970: 3748: 3722: 3693: 3417: 3394: 3296: 3128: 2933: 2925: 2216:

If 8...a6, then 9.Nd5! axb5 10.Bb6 Qh4 11.Nc7+ Kd7 12.Nxa8 Qxe4+ 13.Qe2 is decisive.

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Paul Morphy. Sammlung der von ihm gespielten Partien mit ausführlichen Erläuterungen

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Morphy gave numerous simultaneous exhibitions in both England and France, sometimes

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White would have been caused more problems by Zukertort's suggestion of 14...Ke7.

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Black could have mated by 23...Be4+ 24.Kf1 Bf5! 25.Qe2 Bh3+ 26.Ke1 Rg1 (Bauer).

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degree on April 7, 1857. It has been claimed that Morphy memorized the complete

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Paul Morphy, the Chess Champion. An Account of His Career in America and Europe

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Morphy was late to start his law career, not having done so by the time the

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Paperback reprint of Sergeant's original book, with an introduction by

2932:(in German) (reprint ed.). Zürich: Olms-Verlag. pp. 303–310. 2830: 2154: 947:

Games at odds, blindfold games, and consultation games are not listed.

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During Morphy's stay in Paris, he played a casual game at the Italian

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The Opera Game: Morphy vs. Duke of Brunswick and Count Isouard (1858)

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except in a few games played at odds. He favored gambits such as the

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Louis Paulsen vs. Morphy, First American Chess Congress final (1857)

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broke out in 1861. His brother Edward had joined the army of the

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Life of Paul Morphy in the Vieux Carré of New-Orleans and Abroad

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the centre: previously such methods had always worked for him.

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24. Kh1 Bxf2 25. Qf1 Bxf1 26.R xf1 Re2 27. Ra1 Rh6 28. d4 Be3

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Morphy was engaged to write a series of chess columns for the

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Black could have played 15...Bb7! maintaining control of a6.

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published an article of psychoanalytic discussion of Morphy.

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The queen should have been dislodged from d3 by 16.Qa6!.

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Contributes games not found in Sergeant's earlier work,

3808: 3806: 3804: 3264:. Louisiana Works Progress Administration of Louisiana. 2253: – connections of chess players to Morphy 4179:] (in German). Leipzig: Verlag von Veit & Comp. 3854: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3127:(in Russian). Moscow: Fizkultura i sport. p. 184. 2823:, pp. 177–179, quoting a letter from Anderssen to 2615: 2553: 2501: 622: 333:

publication, a position he held until the end of 1860.

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after one bad move against Morphy, one might as well

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finals, Paulsen required eleven hours for his moves.

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Morphy offered to play a match with Harrwitz, giving

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world champion, although he never claimed the title.

3985:——— (2010). Aiello, Thomas (ed.). 3818: 3611: 3558: 3522: 2772: 2651: 2541: 2529: 2489: 2447: 2435: 2077:

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bc5 5. 0-0 0-0

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11... Nf6 12. Bc4 Nd4! 13. Nxf6+ d5! 14. Bxd5+ Kg6?

2191:

1. e4 c5 2. d4 cxd4 3. Nf3 Nc6 4. Nxd4 e6 5. Nb5 d6

4096:. Translated by Marfia, Jim. Russell Enterprises. 3503:, p. 178, quoting a letter from Anderssen to 3024:Thomas Eichorn, Karsten Müller and Rainier Knaak, 2687: 2648:, p. 78 gives 85 wins, 4 losses, and 8 draws. 235:visited New Orleans. Löwenthal, a refugee of the 4401: 2729: 4334:Morphy's column for the New York Ledger in 1859 3460:"Johann Jacob Loewenthal vs Paul Morphy (1858)" 3260:Louisiana Digital Library (December 13, 2020). 2464: 2462: 2104:12... Qd3! 13. b4 Bb6 14. a4 bxa4 15. Qxa4 Bd7? 1934:Games played after return to the United States 939:, a chess prodigy and the novel's protagonist. 935:produced by Netflix, as the favorite player of 253:Schooling and the First American Chess Congress 3989:. University of Louisiana at Lafayette Press. 3910:"Louis Paulsen vs. Paul Morphy, New York 1857" 3411: 3223: 2073:. Notes are excerpted from those by Kasparov. 4360:Complete collection of surviving game scores. 4300:Leading chess historians include Morphy as a 4148:Paul Morphy and the Evolution of Chess Theory 4024:The Book of the First American Chess Congress 3773: 3771: 3769: 3712: 3577: 2100:9. Be2 Nxe4 10. Nxe4 Rxe4 11. Bf3 Re6 12. c3? 2098:in view of 9.Nxe4 Rxe4 10.Bxf7+ Kxf7 11.Qf3+ 21:"Morphy" redirects here. For other uses, see 3713:Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher (March 1, 1983). 2459: 240: 4209:, and has been reprinted by Moravian Press. 3634:. Vol. 1, no. 1. pp. 56–61. 2069:Morphy defeats his main rival in the First 951:Selected head-to-head records prior to the 4465:Louisiana Creole people of Spanish descent 3987:Paul Morphy, The Pride and Sorrow of Chess 3967:Paul Morphy, The Pride and Sorrow of Chess 3766: 449:Seeking new opponents, Morphy crossed the 200:, and took the young Paul along with him. 168:to a prominent wealthy family. His father 45: 4253: 4246:Paperback reprint of Sergeant's original 3287:Stahls, Paul F. (January–February 2018). 2887:, pp. 201–203, quoting St. Amant in 2183:Morphy vs. Adolf Anderssen, game 9 (1858) 503:1859 engraving of Morphy, by Daniel Pound 464:In Paris, Morphy suffered from a bout of 406:New Orleans Chess Club to Howard Staunton 212:visited the city while on his way to the 28:For other people with similar names, see 4339:US Chess Hall Of Fame – Paul Morphy 4229: 4212: 4207:Paul Morphy: Sketch from the Chess World 4110: 4064: 4048: 3896: 3884: 3872: 3860: 3739:McClain, Dylan Loeb (November 3, 2020). 3571: 3516: 3488: 3446: 3434: 3327:International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 3205: 3169: 3122: 2633: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2179:, develop pieces, and generate threats. 799:La Bourdonnais – McDonnell chess matches 765:With the White pieces, Morphy opted for 617:La Bourdonnais – McDonnell chess matches 524:, Russia, because the chess club in the 498: 436: 413:Staunton made an official reply through 348: 340: 256: 3738: 3622: 3101:, La Propaganda Literaria, Habana 1893. 2924: 2468: 2193:It is hard to believe that this modern 4402: 4280: 4267:from the original on November 14, 2023 4203:Paul Morphy: Skizze aus der SchachWelt 4145: 3984: 3964: 3922:from the original on September 3, 2011 3824: 3812: 3638:from the original on December 24, 2017 3540: 3528: 3500: 3437:, pp. 350–351, Index of Openings. 3377: 3286: 3241:from the original on February 22, 2015 3217: 3193: 3181: 3157: 3145: 3110: 3099:La odisea de Pablo Morphy en La Habana 3085: 3037: 3012: 3000: 2988: 2976: 2964: 2952: 2912: 2900: 2884: 2872: 2860: 2836: 2820: 2808: 2766: 2750: 2669: 2645: 2621: 2559: 2547: 2535: 2507: 2495: 2469:Fischer, Johannes (October 18, 2017). 2453: 2441: 2429: 2417: 2405: 2393: 2369: 2354: 2342: 2317: 288:(now Tulane University), receiving an 203: 4183: 4165: 4017: 3628:"The ten greatest masters in history" 3320: 3067:from the original on December 6, 2010 2657: 2609: 2571: 2290: 2124:20... Bg2+ 21. Kg1 Bxf3+ 22. Kf1 Bg2+ 494: 178:Louisiana State Supreme Court Justice 4172:Paul Morphy: Sein Leben und Schaffen 4088: 4004: 3848: 3836: 3685: 3601: 3552: 3355: 2848: 2740:. Billstein & Son. Frontispiece. 2717: 2705: 2693: 2681: 2381: 623:Retirement from chess and later life 3337:from the original on March 11, 2023 2790:from the original on August 6, 2020 2218:9. Nd5! fxe3 10. Nbc7+ Kf7 11. Qf3+ 2199:occurred a century and a half ago! 1740:Games played in France (1858–1859) 797:. In his notes to the games of the 528:would receive him with enthusiasm. 284:Morphy went on to study law at the 13: 4445:American people of Spanish descent 4349: 4138: 3667:from the original on June 30, 2009 3470:from the original on April 2, 2018 3389: 3268:from the original on April 7, 2023 2477:from the original on April 8, 2023 572:University of the City of New York 296:during the course of his studies. 14: 4491: 4435:American people of French descent 4344:The Life and Chess of Paul Morphy 4309: 4114:(2003). "Chess before Steinitz". 4094:Paul Morphy: A Modern Perspective 4027:. New York: Rudd & Carleton. 3942:"Paul Morphy vs. Adolf Anderssen" 3789:from the original on May 28, 2010 2839:, pp. 113–116, 128–134, 199. 2120:18. gxf3 Rg6+ 19. Kh1 Bh3 20. Rd1 18:American chess master (1837–1884) 4440:American people of Irish descent 3934: 3902: 2059: 2045: 2014: 1983: 829:, and possibly also Anderssen's 749: 703: 687: 249:, or as losing all three games. 4186:The Chess Genius of Paul Morphy 4177:Paul Morphy: His Life and Works 3706: 3679: 3650: 3452: 3412:Morphy-Voitier, Regina (1926). 3405: 3383: 3349: 3314: 3280: 3253: 3116: 3091: 3043: 3018: 2918: 2723: 2639: 2591:. September 25, 1858. p. 2 2577: 2513: 2323:"The Pride and Sorrow of Chess" 2281: 2264: 1553:Games played in England (1858) 648:, as well as being seen at the 4230:——— (1973). 4184:——— (1974). 4065:——— (1957). 4005:Edge, Frederick Milne (1859). 3321:Jones, Ernest (January 1931). 2311: 1950: 1753: 1566: 1235: 1128: 970: 1: 4470:Sportspeople from New Orleans 4420:19th-century American lawyers 4116:My Great Predecessors, Part I 4058:. London: G. Bell & Sons. 3957: 3689:The World's Great Chess Games 3003:, pp. 272, 290–294, 300. 2526:, Chess Notes 2764 & 2886 2524:Memory Feats of Chess Masters 2226:15. Qh5+ Kxf6 16. fxe3! Nxc2+ 2114:With the threat of ...Qxf1+. 1955: 1758: 1571: 1296:William James Appleton Fuller 1240: 1220:First American Chess Congress 1133: 1111:First American Chess Congress 975: 953:First American Chess Congress 793:(1...f5), but also tried the 329:to serve as co-editor of his 220:announcing a forced checkmate 159: 128:First American Chess Congress 4382:United States Chess Champion 4318:player profile and games at 3507:, translated by Dr. Buschke. 3160:, pp. 294–298, 301–303. 3148:, pp. 294–295, 301–303. 3088:, pp. 282–283, 293–294. 3026:Paul Morphy: Genius and Myth 2753:, pp. 120–122, quoting 2094:But not immediately 8...Nxe4 1945: 1748: 1561: 1230: 1222:outside the main tournament 1123: 965: 353:Engraving of Paul Morphy by 237:Hungarian revolution of 1848 154: 102:New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. 51:Morphy in Philadelphia, 1859 7: 3779:"Edo Ratings, Morphy, Paul" 3658:"Speaking about Fischer..." 2599:– via Newspapers.com. 2239: 2122:20.Rg1? Rxg1+ 21.Kxg1 Re1+ 430:The Illustrated London News 415:The Illustrated London News 380:The Illustrated London News 10: 4496: 4475:Spring Hill College alumni 4425:19th-century chess players 4011:. D. Appleton and Company. 2585:"Biography of Paul Morphy" 2152: 2079:Morphy sacrifices a pawn. 942: 753: 584:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 580:President Martin Van Buren 345:Morphy vs. Löwenthal, 1858 261:Morphy in 1857, studio of 27: 20: 4388: 4379: 4371: 4366: 4329:Edge, Morphy and Staunton 3692:. Dover. pp. 22–23. 3626:(January–February 1964). 3289:"Walking Through History" 3097:Andrés Clemente Vázquez, 3028:, 2003 ChessBase, Hamburg 1061: 1001: 931:, as well as in the 2020 866: 789:as Black, he favored the 604:Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes 336: 281:with the highest honors. 92: 72: 64: 56: 44: 39: 4480:Tulane University alumni 4460:Lawyers from New Orleans 4450:American Roman Catholics 4367:Awards and achievements 3123:Neistadt, Jakov (1961). 3015:, pp. 251, 294–298. 2730:Reichhelm, Gustavus C.; 2589:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 2257: 827:Chess Player's Chronicle 821:, the Parisian magazine 760:to describe chess moves. 678: 650:First Battle of Manassas 4260:Morphy's Games of Chess 4224:Morphy's Games of Chess 4067:Morphy's Games of Chess 4055:Morphy's Games of Chess 2272:Morphy's Games of Chess 2071:American Chess Congress 2031:Jules Arnous de Rivière 1846:Jules Arnous de Rivière 1392:Alexander Beaufort Meek 1163:Alexander Beaufort Meek 1092:Alexander Beaufort Meek 1049:Alexander Beaufort Meek 921:Morphy is mentioned in 839:Chess Player's Handbook 795:Queen's Gambit Declined 592:Frederic W. Lincoln Jr. 549:Jules Arnous de Rivière 305:Alexander Beaufort Meek 301:American Chess Congress 286:University of Louisiana 23:Morphy (disambiguation) 4430:American chess players 4263:. London: Henry Bohn. 4220:. London: David McKay. 4146:Shibut, Macon (1993). 3965:Lawson, David (1976). 3125:Shakhmaty do Steinitza 2780:"Paul Morphy Timeline" 2672:, pp. 76–77, 273. 2287:Figures are estimated. 1248:Samuel Robert Calthrop 894:creation of open files 852: 843: 747: 561:Johann Jacob Löwenthal 555:, drew two games with 504: 453:to France. At Paris's 442: 435: 411: 386: 364: 346: 265: 241: 224:after only six moves. 4286:World Chess Champions 4019:Fiske, Daniel Willard 3686:Fine, Reuben (1976). 3591:on November 20, 2003. 3053:Morphy: More or Less? 2737:Chess in Philadelphia 1520:Charles Henry Stanley 1488:John William Schulten 933:miniseries adaptation 847: 815: 742: 541:Eugène-Louis Lequesne 533:odds of pawn and move 502: 440: 419: 394: 370: 352: 344: 260: 196:in his match against 149:Glasgow Weekly Herald 4455:Burials in Louisiana 4188:. Hippocrene Books. 3715:"Books Of The Times" 3663:. November 4, 2006. 2732:Shipley, Walter Penn 2321:(December 3, 2022). 2172: 2090:gives an advantage. 1830:Jean Adolphe Laroche 1280:Daniel Willard Fiske 1218:Games played at the 891: 883: 882:, domination of the 875: 720:Saint Louis Cemetery 696:Saint Louis Cemetery 630:Celso Golmayo Zúpide 565:Thomas Wilson Barnes 470:treated with leeches 294:Louisiana Civil Code 217: 131: 4392:George H. Mackenzie 4214:Sergeant, Philip W. 4150:. Caissa Editions. 4050:Sergeant, Philip W. 3899:, pp. 294–304. 3887:, pp. 293–294. 3875:, pp. 271–274. 3380:, pp. 313–319. 3220:, pp. 303–307. 3196:, pp. 322–323. 3113:, pp. 285–291. 2991:, pp. 242–244. 2967:, pp. 232–233. 2955:, pp. 221–225. 2915:, pp. 214–215. 2811:, pp. 170–172. 2769:, pp. 125–134. 2246:List of chess games 2092:7... dxc6 8. Bc4 b5 2081:6. Nxe5 Re8 7. Nxc6 1935: 1894:Augustus Mongredien 1741: 1675:Augustus Mongredien 1554: 1344:Theodor Lichtenhein 1223: 1182:Theodor Lichtenhein 1114: 955: 710:Morphy's gravestone 574:, on May 29, 1859, 383:, December 26, 1857 313:Theodor Lichtenhein 274:Spring Hill College 204:Childhood victories 164:Morphy was born in 109:Paul Charles Morphy 60:Paul Charles Morphy 4288:. Pergamon Press. 4232:The Unknown Morphy 4122:. pp. 32–44. 3745:The New York Times 3719:The New York Times 3464:www.chessgames.com 3208:, pp. 23, 29. 3051:"Taylor Kingston, 2205:6... e5 7. Be3 f5? 1933: 1814:Wincenty Budzyński 1739: 1659:George Webb Medley 1552: 1408:Hardman Montgomery 1217: 1108: 950: 928:The Queen's Gambit 801:he criticized the 758:algebraic notation 756:This section uses 694:Morphy's crypt in 637:American Civil War 563:, and lost one to 505: 495:Hailed as champion 455:Café de la Régence 443: 408:, February 4, 1858 365: 360:Ballou's Pictorial 347: 266: 198:Charles H. Stanley 190:notion of strategy 4398: 4397: 4389:Succeeded by 4352:"The full Morphy" 4282:Winter, Edward G. 4255:Löwenthal, Johann 4241:978-0-486-22952-2 4195:978-0-882-54182-2 4129:978-1-85744-330-1 3996:978-1-887-36697-7 3976:978-0-679-13044-4 3699:978-0-486-24512-6 3449:, pp. 24–25. 3231:"Obituary in the 2720:, pp. 21–22. 2708:, pp. 17–18. 2684:, pp. 12–16. 2624:, pp. 78–79. 2612:, pp. 74–95. 2574:, pp. 59–61. 2562:, pp. 45–46. 2510:, pp. 33–35. 2408:, pp. 13–14. 2372:, pp. 11–12. 2345:, pp. 10–11. 2165:Duke of Brunswick 2057: 2056: 1931: 1930: 1737: 1736: 1723:Henry Edward Bird 1550: 1549: 1215: 1214: 1109:Results from the 1106: 1105: 900:Viswanathan Anand 656:(1862, 1864) and 646:Pierre Beauregard 553:Henry Edward Bird 489:while blindfolded 270:bachelor's degree 106: 105: 88:, Louisiana, U.S. 4487: 4372:Preceded by 4364: 4363: 4359: 4299: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4248:Morphy Gleanings 4245: 4221: 4218:Morphy Gleanings 4199: 4180: 4161: 4133: 4107: 4080: 4059: 4044: 4012: 4000: 3980: 3952: 3951: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3906: 3900: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3834: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3775: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3710: 3704: 3703: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3620: 3609: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3587:. 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404: 390:Howard Staunton 385: 377: 339: 279:master's degree 255: 229:Eugène Rousseau 223: 214:war with Mexico 206: 194:Eugène Rousseau 162: 157: 141:Adolf Anderssen 137: 130:, winning each 101: 97: 84: 78: 76: 52: 33: 26: 19: 12: 11: 5: 4493: 4483: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4396: 4395: 4390: 4387: 4378: 4373: 4369: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4347: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4322: 4320:Chessgames.com 4311: 4310:External links 4308: 4306: 4305: 4294: 4278: 4251: 4240: 4227: 4210: 4194: 4181: 4163: 4156: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4134: 4128: 4120:Everyman Chess 4108: 4102: 4086: 4075: 4062: 4046: 4015: 4002: 3995: 3982: 3975: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3953: 3947:Chessgames.com 3933: 3915:Chessgames.com 3901: 3889: 3877: 3865: 3863:, p. 292. 3853: 3851:, p. 201. 3841: 3839:, p. 200. 3829: 3817: 3815:, p. 340. 3800: 3765: 3705: 3698: 3678: 3649: 3624:Fischer, Bobby 3610: 3594: 3576: 3557: 3555:, p. 193. 3545: 3543:, p. 175. 3533: 3521: 3509: 3493: 3481: 3451: 3439: 3427: 3416:. p. 38. 3404: 3391:Winter, Edward 3382: 3370: 3361:Psychoanalysis 3348: 3313: 3295:. p. 70. 3293:Louisiana Life 3279: 3252: 3233:Times Democrat 3222: 3210: 3198: 3186: 3184:, p. 303. 3174: 3162: 3150: 3138: 3115: 3103: 3090: 3078: 3042: 3040:, p. 280. 3030: 3017: 3005: 2993: 2981: 2979:, p. 237. 2969: 2957: 2945: 2938: 2917: 2905: 2903:, p. 208. 2893: 2877: 2875:, p. 183. 2865: 2863:, p. 182. 2853: 2851:, p. 195. 2841: 2829: 2813: 2801: 2771: 2759: 2743: 2722: 2710: 2698: 2686: 2674: 2662: 2660:, p. 419. 2650: 2638: 2626: 2614: 2602: 2576: 2564: 2552: 2540: 2528: 2512: 2500: 2488: 2458: 2446: 2434: 2422: 2410: 2398: 2386: 2374: 2359: 2347: 2335: 2319:Winter, Edward 2309: 2306: 2305: 2289: 2280: 2262: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2255: 2254: 2248: 2241: 2238: 2189: 2184: 2181: 2153:Main article: 2150: 2147: 2075: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2028: 2024: 2023: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1992: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1966: 1962: 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1432: 1429: 1426: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1356: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1340: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1312:George Hammond 1308: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1260: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1244: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1213: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1198: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1179: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1160: 1159:Quarter-final 1156: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1144:James Thompson 1141: 1137: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1118: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1089: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1070: 1066: 1065: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1046: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1027: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1008: 1004: 1003: 1000: 997: 994: 991: 986: 982: 981: 978: 973: 968: 963: 960: 944: 941: 925:'s 1983 novel 872:Garry Kasparov 868: 865: 811:Garry Kasparov 807:Queen's Gambit 805:(1.e4 c5) and 755: 754: 751: 748: 709: 702: 701: 693: 686: 685: 684: 683: 682: 680: 677: 624: 621: 576:John Van Buren 545:Queen Victoria 496: 493: 482:La Bourdonnais 441:Morphy in 1859 426: 402: 375: 338: 335: 254: 251: 210:Winfield Scott 205: 202: 161: 158: 156: 153: 104: 103: 100:(aged 47) 94: 90: 89: 74: 70: 69: 66: 62: 61: 58: 57:Full name 54: 53: 50: 42: 41: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4492: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4393: 4384: 4383: 4376: 4370: 4365: 4357: 4356:www.xs4all.nl 4353: 4350:Krabbé, Tim. 4348: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4326: 4325:Edward Winter 4323: 4321: 4317: 4314: 4313: 4303: 4297: 4295:0-080-24094-1 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4266: 4262: 4261: 4256: 4252: 4249: 4243: 4237: 4233: 4228: 4225: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4208: 4204: 4197: 4191: 4187: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4173: 4168: 4164: 4159: 4157:0-939-43316-8 4153: 4149: 4144: 4143: 4131: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4103:1-888-69026-7 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4084: 4083:Fred Reinfeld 4078: 4076:0-486-20386-7 4072: 4068: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4009: 4003: 3998: 3992: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3972: 3968: 3963: 3962: 3949: 3948: 3943: 3937: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3911: 3905: 3898: 3897:Sergeant 1957 3893: 3886: 3885:Sergeant 1957 3881: 3874: 3873:Sergeant 1957 3869: 3862: 3861:Sergeant 1957 3857: 3850: 3845: 3838: 3833: 3827:, p. 78. 3826: 3821: 3814: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3701: 3695: 3691: 3690: 3682: 3666: 3662: 3659: 3653: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3607: 3603: 3598: 3590: 3586: 3580: 3573: 3572:Kasparov 2003 3568: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3554: 3549: 3542: 3537: 3531:, p. 59. 3530: 3525: 3519:, p. 33. 3518: 3517:Sergeant 1957 3513: 3506: 3502: 3497: 3491:, p. 30. 3490: 3489:Kasparov 2003 3485: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3455: 3448: 3447:Sergeant 1957 3443: 3436: 3435:Sergeant 1957 3431: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3408: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3379: 3374: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3352: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3317: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3283: 3267: 3263: 3256: 3240: 3236: 3234: 3226: 3219: 3214: 3207: 3206:Sergeant 1957 3202: 3195: 3190: 3183: 3178: 3172:, p. 25. 3171: 3170:Sergeant 1916 3166: 3159: 3154: 3147: 3142: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3119: 3112: 3107: 3100: 3094: 3087: 3082: 3063: 3056: 3054: 3046: 3039: 3034: 3027: 3021: 3014: 3009: 3002: 2997: 2990: 2985: 2978: 2973: 2966: 2961: 2954: 2949: 2941: 2939:9783112335703 2935: 2931: 2927: 2926:Maróczy, Géza 2921: 2914: 2909: 2902: 2897: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2874: 2869: 2862: 2857: 2850: 2845: 2838: 2833: 2826: 2822: 2817: 2810: 2805: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2775: 2768: 2763: 2756: 2752: 2747: 2739: 2738: 2733: 2726: 2719: 2714: 2707: 2702: 2696:, p. 16. 2695: 2690: 2683: 2678: 2671: 2666: 2659: 2654: 2647: 2642: 2636:, p. 35. 2635: 2634:Kasparov 2003 2630: 2623: 2618: 2611: 2606: 2590: 2586: 2580: 2573: 2568: 2561: 2556: 2550:, p. 41. 2549: 2544: 2538:, p. 35. 2537: 2532: 2525: 2521: 2520:Edward Winter 2516: 2509: 2504: 2498:, p. xi. 2497: 2492: 2476: 2473:. ChessBase. 2472: 2465: 2463: 2456:, p. 22. 2455: 2450: 2444:, p. 21. 2443: 2438: 2432:, p. 20. 2431: 2426: 2420:, p. 18. 2419: 2414: 2407: 2402: 2396:, p. 12. 2395: 2390: 2383: 2378: 2371: 2366: 2364: 2357:, p. 11. 2356: 2351: 2344: 2339: 2324: 2320: 2314: 2310: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2284: 2277: 2273: 2267: 2263: 2252: 2251:Morphy Number 2249: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2235: 2234: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2192: 2188: 2180: 2177: 2170: 2169:Count Isouard 2166: 2162: 2156: 2144: 2140: 2139: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2119: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2084: 2078: 2074: 2072: 2060:Notable games 2053: 2048: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1994: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1891: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1811: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1798:Henri Baucher 1796: 1795: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1782:Paul Journoud 1780: 1779: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1720: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1643:James Kipping 1641: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1611:Thomas Barnes 1609: 1608: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1517: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1440:Louis Paulsen 1438: 1437: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1221: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1201:Louis Paulsen 1199: 1196: 1195: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1116: 1112: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1005: 998: 995: 992: 990: 987: 984: 983: 979: 974: 969: 964: 961: 958: 957: 954: 948: 940: 938: 934: 930: 929: 924: 919: 916: 911: 910:Bobby Fischer 907: 905: 901: 896: 888: 880: 873: 864: 862: 856: 851: 846: 842: 840: 836: 832: 831:Schachzeitung 828: 825:, Staunton's 824: 820: 814: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 791:Dutch Defense 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 771:King's Gambit 768: 759: 750:Style of play 746: 741: 737: 735: 731: 727: 725: 721: 706: 697: 690: 676: 672: 669: 667: 661: 659: 655: 651: 647: 642: 638: 633: 631: 620: 618: 614: 613: 607: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 588:Louis Agassiz 585: 581: 577: 573: 568: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 536: 534: 529: 527: 523: 519: 518:Schachzeitung 515: 511: 501: 492: 490: 485: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 462: 460: 456: 452: 447: 439: 431: 425: 422: 418: 416: 407: 401: 398: 393: 391: 382: 381: 374: 369: 362: 361: 357:appearing in 356: 355:Winslow Homer 351: 343: 334: 332: 331:Chess Monthly 328: 323: 321: 320:Chess Monthly 316: 314: 310: 309:Louis Paulsen 306: 302: 297: 295: 291: 287: 282: 280: 275: 272:in 1854 from 271: 264: 259: 250: 248: 243: 238: 234: 230: 225: 222: 215: 211: 201: 199: 195: 191: 185: 183: 179: 175: 171: 170:Alonzo Morphy 167: 152: 150: 144: 142: 136: 129: 125: 120: 118: 114: 110: 96:July 10, 1884 95: 91: 87: 83:June 22, 1837 75: 71: 68:United States 67: 63: 59: 55: 48: 43: 38: 35: 31: 24: 16: 4380: 4355: 4301: 4285: 4269:. Retrieved 4259: 4247: 4231: 4223: 4217: 4206: 4202: 4185: 4176: 4171: 4147: 4115: 4093: 4090:Beim, Valeri 4066: 4054: 4023: 4007: 3986: 3966: 3945: 3936: 3924:. Retrieved 3913: 3904: 3892: 3880: 3868: 3856: 3844: 3832: 3820: 3791:. Retrieved 3782: 3758:December 13, 3756:. Retrieved 3744: 3732:December 13, 3730:. Retrieved 3718: 3708: 3688: 3681: 3669:. Retrieved 3660: 3652: 3640:. Retrieved 3631: 3597: 3589:the original 3579: 3548: 3536: 3524: 3512: 3505:von der Lasa 3496: 3484: 3472:. Retrieved 3463: 3454: 3442: 3430: 3413: 3407: 3398: 3385: 3373: 3364: 3360: 3357:Fine, Reuben 3351: 3339:. Retrieved 3330: 3326: 3316: 3306:December 14, 3304:. Retrieved 3292: 3282: 3272:December 13, 3270:. Retrieved 3255: 3243:. Retrieved 3232: 3225: 3213: 3201: 3189: 3177: 3165: 3153: 3141: 3124: 3118: 3106: 3098: 3093: 3081: 3069:. 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Qa6 Qxf3 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2091: 2080: 2076: 2068: 1627:Samuel Boden 1376:Charles Mead 1140:First round 1002:New Orleans 946: 926: 923:Walter Tevis 920: 908: 870: 857: 853: 848: 844: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 816: 783:Spanish Game 775:Evans Gambit 764: 743: 738: 730:Ernest Jones 728: 716: 673: 670: 662: 634: 626: 610: 608: 600:James Walker 569: 557:Samuel Boden 537: 530: 517: 506: 486: 463: 448: 444: 429: 423: 420: 414: 412: 405: 399: 395: 387: 378: 371: 366: 358: 330: 327:Daniel Fiske 324: 319: 317: 298: 283: 267: 263:Mathew Brady 226: 207: 186: 163: 148: 145: 121: 117:chess master 108: 107: 98:(1884-07-10) 34: 15: 4415:1884 deaths 4410:1837 births 4316:Paul Morphy 4271:December 7, 3825:Lawson 2010 3813:Lawson 2010 3671:January 22, 3541:Lawson 2010 3529:Lawson 2010 3501:Lawson 2010 3399:Chess Notes 3378:Lawson 2010 3218:Lawson 2010 3194:Lawson 2010 3182:Lawson 2010 3158:Lawson 2010 3146:Lawson 2010 3111:Lawson 2010 3086:Lawson 2010 3038:Lawson 2010 3013:Lawson 2010 3001:Lawson 2010 2989:Lawson 2010 2977:Lawson 2010 2965:Lawson 2010 2953:Lawson 2010 2913:Lawson 2010 2901:Lawson 2010 2885:Lawson 2010 2873:Lawson 2010 2861:Lawson 2010 2837:Lawson 2010 2821:Lawson 2010 2809:Lawson 2010 2784:edochess.ca 2767:Lawson 2010 2751:Lawson 2010 2670:Lawson 2010 2646:Lawson 2010 2622:Lawson 2010 2560:Lawson 2010 2548:Lawson 2010 2536:Lawson 2010 2508:Lawson 2010 2496:Lawson 2010 2454:Lawson 2010 2442:Lawson 2010 2430:Lawson 2010 2418:Lawson 2010 2406:Lawson 2010 2394:Lawson 2010 2370:Lawson 2010 2355:Lawson 2010 2343:Lawson 2010 2328:January 22, 2161:Opera House 2000:Félix Sicre 1913: [ 1579:Edward Löwe 1424:David Parry 1264:Lewis Elkin 1178:Semi-final 937:Beth Harmon 915:Reuben Fine 878:development 734:Reuben Fine 641:Confederacy 166:New Orleans 86:New Orleans 40:Paul Morphy 30:Paul Murphy 4404:Categories 4386:1857–1871 4346:, edochess 4167:Lange, Max 4061:biography. 3958:References 3632:Chessworld 3604:, p. 3367:(3): 7–77. 2658:Fiske 1859 2610:Fiske 1859 2572:Fiske 1859 2155:Opera Game 2112:16... 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