319:") is advantageous and is worth about two pawns. This ignores complications such as the current position and freedom of the pieces involved, but it is a good starting point. In an open position, bishops are more valuable than knights (a bishop pair can easily be worth seven points or more in some situations); conversely, in a closed position, bishops are less valuable than knights. A knight in the center of the board that cannot be taken, however, is known as a
1493:
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2339:). For example, minor material advantages can generally be transformed into victory only in an endgame, and therefore the stronger side must choose an appropriate way to achieve an ending. Not every reduction of material is good for this purpose; for example, if one side keeps a light-squared bishop and the opponent has a dark-squared one, the transformation into a
1912:—squares where they cannot be attacked by pawns. Such a knight on the fifth rank is a strong asset. The ideal position for a knight is the opponent's third rank, when it is supported by one or two pawns. A knight at the edge or corner of the board controls fewer squares than one on the board's interior, thus the saying "A knight on the rim is dim!"
237:, a knight is often more powerful. Two minor pieces are stronger than a single rook, and two rooks are slightly stronger than a queen. The bishop on squares of the same color as the opponent's king is slightly more valuable in the opening as it can attack the vulnerable square f7 (for White) or f2 (for Black). A rook is more valuable when
1234:" may also specifically mean a rook exchanged for a bishop or knight. The phrase "up the exchange" means that a player has captured a rook in exchange for a bishop or knight—a materially advantageous trade. Conversely, "down the exchange" means having lost a rook but captured a bishop or knight—a materially disadvantageous trade.
54:, which is the aspect of play concerned with the move-by-move setting up of threats and defenses. Some authors distinguish static strategic imbalances (e.g. having more valuable pieces or better pawn structure), which tend to persist for many moves, from dynamic imbalances (such as one player having an advantage in piece
349:
on the board has an advantage. More space means more options, which can be exploited both tactically and strategically. A player who has all pieces developed and no tactical tricks or promising long-term plan should try to find a move that enlarges their influence, particularly in the center. In some
2095:
Chess strategy consists of setting and achieving long-term goals during the game—for example, where to place different pieces—while tactics concentrate on immediate maneuver. These two parts of chess thinking cannot be completely separated, because strategic goals are mostly achieved by the means of
1941:
A bishop always stays on squares of the color it started on, so once one of them is gone, the squares of that color become more difficult to control. When this happens, pawns moved to squares of the other color do not block the bishop, and enemy pawns directly facing them are stuck on the vulnerable
1140:
The strategy consists of placing pieces so that they attack the central four squares of the board. A piece being placed on a central square, however, does not necessarily mean it controls the center; e.g., a knight on a central square does not attack any central squares. Conversely, a piece does not
357:
The easiest way to gain space is to push the pawn skeleton forward. One must be careful not to over stretch, however. If the opponent succeeds in getting a protected piece behind enemy lines, this piece can become such a serious problem that a piece with a higher value might have to be exchanged for
1170:
The initiative belongs to the player who can make threats that cannot be ignored, such as checking the opponent's king. They thus put their opponent in the position of having to use their turns responding to threats rather than making their own, hindering the development of their pieces. The player
1222:
Exchanging pieces is usually desirable to a player with an existing advantage in material, since it brings the endgame closer and thereby leaves the opponent with less ability to recover ground. In the endgame even a single pawn advantage may be decisive. Exchanging also benefits the player who is
2217:
During the opening, some pieces have a recognized optimum square they try to reach. Hence, an optimum deployment could be to push the king and queen pawn two squares, followed by moving the knights so they protect the center pawns and give additional control of the center. One can then deploy the
1955:
In general, a bishop is of roughly equal value to a knight. In certain circumstances, one can be more powerful than the other. If the game is "closed" with many interlocked pawn formations, the knight tends to be stronger, because it can hop over the pawns while they block the bishop. A bishop is
1191:
Even a defended piece can be vulnerable. If the defending piece is also defending something else, it is called an overworked piece, and may not be able to fulfill its task. When there is more than one attacking piece, the number of defenders must also be increased, and their values taken into
327:
instances. In such a case, a knight is worth far more than a bishop. Also, many pieces have a partner. By doubling up two knights, two rooks, rook and queen, or bishop and queen, the pieces can get stronger than the sum of the individual pieces alone. When a piece loses its partner, its value
136:
Another important factor in the evaluation of chess positions is the pawn structure or pawn skeleton. Since pawns are the most immobile and least valuable of the pieces, the pawn structure is relatively static and largely determines the strategic nature of the position. Weaknesses in the pawn
1951:
bishop, e.g. at g2 after pawn g2–g3, can provide a strong defense for the castled king on g1 and often exert pressure on the long diagonal h1–a8. After a fianchetto, giving up the bishop can weaken the holes in the pawn chain; doing so in front of the castled king may thus affect its safety.
1989:(ones with no pawns of one's own color). Rooks on the seventh rank can be very powerful as they attack pawns that can only be defended by other pieces, and they can restrict the enemy king to its back rank. A pair of rooks on the player's seventh rank are often a sign of a winning position.
2289:
The middlegame is the part of the game when most pieces have been developed. Because the opening theory has ended, players have to assess the position to form plans based on the features of the positions, and at the same time take into account the tactical possibilities in the position.
2551:
The king, which must be protected in the middlegame owing to the threat of checkmate, becomes a strong piece in the endgame and it is often brought to the center of the board where it can protect its own pawns, attack the pawns of opposite color, and hinder movement of the opponent's
736:, Black attacks four squares on White's side of the board (d4, e4, f4, and g4). White attacks seven squares on Black's side of the board (b5, c6, e6, f5, g5, and h6 – counting b5 twice) and occupies one square (d5). White has a space advantage of eight to four and Black is cramped.
1967:
with action on both sides of the board, the bishop tends to be stronger because of its long range. This is especially true in the endgame; if passed pawns race on opposite sides of the board, the player with a bishop usually has better winning chances than a player with a knight.
1226:
When playing against stronger players, many beginners attempt to constantly exchange pieces "to simplify matters". However, stronger players are often relatively stronger in the endgame, whereas errors are more common during the more complicated middlegame.
1144:
Control of the center is generally considered important because tactical battles often take place around the central squares, from where pieces can access most of the board. Center control allows more movement and more possibility for attack and defense.
1956:
also weak if it is restricted by its own pawns, especially if they are blocked and on the bishop's color. Once a bishop is lost, the remaining bishop is considered weaker since the opponent can now plan their moves to play a white or black color game.
190:
advantage applies both strategically and tactically. Generally more pieces or an aggregate of more powerful pieces means greater chances of winning. A fundamental strategic and tactical rule is to capture opponent pieces while preserving one's own.
2086:
The king can become a strong piece in the endgame. With reduced material, a quick checkmate becomes less of a concern, and moving the king towards the center of the board gives it more opportunities to make threats and actively influence play.
214:. Bishops are usually considered slightly better than knights in open positions, such as toward the end of the game when many of the pieces have been captured, whereas knights have an advantage in closed positions. Having two bishops (the
332:
is priceless since its capture results in the defeat of that player and ends that game. However, especially in the endgame, the king can also be a fighting piece, and is sometimes given a fighting value of three-and-a-half points.
2154:). In some opening lines, the exact sequence considered best for both sides has been worked out to 30–35 moves or more. Professional players spend years studying openings, and continue doing so throughout their careers, as
2578:
involve only kings and pawns on one or both sides and the task of the stronger side is to promote one of the pawns. Other more complicated endings are classified according to the pieces on the board other than kings, e.g.
1218:
To exchange pieces means to capture a hostile piece and then allow a piece of the same value to be captured. As a rule of thumb, exchanging pieces eases the task of the defender who typically has less room to operate in.
2011:
A king and a rook are sufficient material to checkmate an opposing lone king, although it's a little harder than checkmating with king and queen; thus the rook's distinction as a major piece above the knight and bishop.
66:", chess tactics tend to ultimately decide the outcomes of games more often than strategy. Many chess coaches thus emphasize the study of tactics as the most efficient way to improve one's results in serious chess play.
2558:, a disadvantage because the player must make a move, is often a factor in endgames and rarely in other stages of the game. For example, in the adjacent diagram, Black on move must play 1...Kb7 and allow white to
1179:
It is important to defend one's pieces even if they are not directly threatened. This helps stop possible future campaigns from the opponent. If a defender must be added at a later time, this may cost a
26:
play concerned with evaluation of chess positions and setting goals and long-term plans for future play. While evaluating a position strategically, a player must take into account such factors as the
2574:
are positions where one side has only a king and the other side has one or two pieces and can checkmate the opposing king, with the pieces working together with their king. For example,
2079:
Castling is often thought to help protect the king and often "connects" the player's two rooks together so the two rooks may protect each other. This can reduce a threat of a back-rank
157:, once created, are usually permanent. Care must therefore be taken to avoid them unless they are compensated by another valuable asset, such as the possibility to develop an attack.
732:
gives a method of evaluating space. The method (for each side) is to count the number of squares attacked or occupied on the opponent's side of the board. In this diagram from the
2026:
Queens are the most powerful pieces. They have great mobility and can make many threats at once. They can act as a rook and as a bishop at the same time. For these reasons,
2540:) is the stage of the game when there are few pieces left on the board. There are three main strategic differences between earlier stages of the game and the endgame:
2313:, resulting from a specific group of openings. The study of openings should therefore be connected with the preparation of plans typical for resulting middlegames.
2030:
attacks involving a queen are easier to achieve than those without one. Although powerful, the queen is also easily harassed. Thus, it is generally wise to wait to
2143:. It is recommended for anyone but the chessmasters that when left with a choice to either invent a new variation or follow a standard opening, choose the latter.
2320:
occur. Middlegame combinations are often connected with the attack against the opponent's king; some typical patterns have their own names, for example the
1188:
who referred to it as "overprotection." Similarly, if one spots undefended enemy pieces, one should immediately take advantage of those pieces' weakness.
62:), which are temporary. This distinction affects the immediacy with which a sought-after plan should take effect. Until players reach the skill level of "
2182:
Control of the central squares allows pieces to be moved to any part of the board relatively easily, and can also have a cramping effect on the opponent.
3345:
2996:
Evaluate positions from master chess games, vote for which side has the advantage based on 8 strategic themes, see how your opinion compares to others.
1971:
A king and a bishop are not sufficient material to checkmate an opposing lone king, but two bishops and a king checkmate an opposing lone king easily.
2060:
During the middlegame, the king is often best protected in a corner behind its pawns. Such a position for either of the players is often achieved by
2076:) can allow it an escape square, but may weaken the king's overall safety otherwise. One must therefore wisely balance between these trade-offs.
350:
openings, however, one player accepts less space for a time, to set up a counterattack in the middlegame. This is one of the concepts behind
2635:
1184:
or even be impossible due to a fork or discovered attack. The approach of always defending one's pieces has an antecedent in the theory of
2125:
A chess opening is the group of initial moves of a game (the "opening moves"). Recognized sequences of opening moves are referred to as
4574:
2038:
the queen until after the knights and bishops have been developed to prevent the queen from being attacked by minor pieces and losing
4131:
2331:
Another important strategical question in the middlegame is whether and how to reduce material and transform into an endgame (i.e.
4589:
4549:
2672:
2566:
after 2.Kd7, while White on move must allow a draw either after 1.Kc6 stalemate or losing the last pawn by moving anywhere else.
4569:
4564:
2926:
4121:
4509:
4372:
4362:
4126:
2099:
Because of different strategic and tactical patterns, a game of chess is usually divided into three distinct phases: the
2222:
the opponent's knights and pawns. An opening may end with castling, which moves the king to safety, creates a stronger
4647:
4117:
4112:
3440:
2799:
2103:, usually the first 10 to 25 moves, when players develop their armies and set up the stage for the coming battle; the
4584:
4484:
4377:
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3097:
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2325:
2168:
To place (develop) the pieces (particularly bishops and knights) on useful squares where they influence the game.
2139:
729:
1192:
account. In addition to defending pieces, it is also often necessary to defend key squares, open files, and the
1141:
have to be on a central square to control the center. For example, the bishop can control the center from afar.
4534:
4524:
4519:
3187:
3149:
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4579:
4514:
4095:
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3408:
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1898:
Since knights can easily be chased away by pawn moves, it is often advantageous for knights to be placed in
3933:
3413:
2241:
Apart from these fundamentals, other strategic plans or tactical sequences may be employed in the opening.
222:) is a particularly powerful weapon, especially if the opposing player lacks one or both of their bishops.
4683:
4632:
4342:
2146:
There are dozens of different openings, varying widely in character from quiet positional play (e.g. the
2991:
2068:), however, an enemy rook or queen can checkmate the king by invading the first rank, commonly called a
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4642:
4627:
4291:
4243:
4238:
4228:
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177:
163:
70:
69:
The most basic way to evaluate one's position is to count the total value of pieces on both sides. The
27:
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247:
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4479:
4201:
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3589:
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3445:
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1223:
being attacked, the player who controls less space, and the player with the better pawn structure.
1152:
openings are those that control the center with pieces from afar (usually the side, such as with a
239:
3280:
2592:
2309:
pawns against an opponent who has more pawns on the queenside—are often appropriate just for some
2207:
4824:
4773:
4303:
3968:
3022:; "Teaching the Rudiments of the Game, and Giving an Analysis of All the Recognized Openings" by
2269:
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216:
119:
107:
56:
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4286:
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3112:
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2224:
1961:
1194:
1149:
351:
127:
2560:
2333:
2262:
2254:
1860:, are strong, especially if advanced or protected by another pawn. A passed pawn on the sixth
184:
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4412:
4298:
3998:
3993:
3680:
3403:
3362:
3144:
2712:
2544:
During the endgame, pawns become more important; endgames often revolve around attempting to
2032:
2174:
4206:
4143:
4102:
4063:
3845:
3835:
3765:
3579:
3510:
3435:
3320:
3119:
2111:, when most of the pieces are gone and kings start to take an active part in the struggle.
2064:
by that player. If the rooks and queen leave the first rank (commonly called that player's
1901:
1231:
733:
343:
316:
151:
97:
is approximately four points. These basic values are modified by other factors such as the
2155:
1862:
8:
4654:
4434:
4186:
4073:
4043:
4013:
3985:
3958:
3901:
3802:
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3730:
3685:
3398:
3340:
3215:
3163:
3158:
3085:
3043:
2317:
2069:
1924:
4196:
1171:
with the initiative is generally attacking and the other player is generally defending.
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4659:
4402:
4211:
3852:
3740:
3703:
3352:
3220:
2840:
2697:
1165:
2571:
2096:
tactics, while the tactical opportunities are based on the previous strategy of play.
101:(e.g. advanced pawns are usually more valuable than those on their starting squares),
4744:
4617:
4429:
4387:
4318:
4270:
4253:
4233:
4085:
4023:
3963:
3938:
3785:
3750:
3745:
3725:
3713:
3556:
3524:
3490:
3470:
3307:
3301:
3262:
3129:
2971:
2948:
2922:
2866:
2844:
2770:
2762:
2742:
2676:
2602:
2545:
1857:
4739:
4612:
4454:
4397:
4308:
4258:
4107:
4053:
4048:
4038:
3953:
3874:
3864:
3840:
3807:
3379:
3293:
3067:
2570:
Endgames can be classified according to the type of pieces remaining on the board.
2284:
2134:
2104:
1993:
1213:
1185:
234:
4704:
4678:
4499:
4494:
4444:
4382:
4191:
4166:
4151:
3948:
3906:
3889:
3790:
3708:
3670:
3648:
3633:
3564:
3541:
3500:
3495:
3374:
3357:
3197:
3023:
2963:
2941:
2607:
2321:
1909:
1881:
1868:
is roughly as strong as a knight or bishop and often decides the game. (Also see
320:
47:
3973:
3884:
2147:
245:
with another rook or queen; consequently, doubled rooks are worth more than two
4803:
4719:
4467:
4313:
4176:
4171:
4008:
4003:
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3391:
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3252:
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3036:
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2192:
2151:
2080:
2043:
1986:
1936:
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1201:
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Under a system like this, giving up a knight or bishop to win a rook ("winning
203:
199:
82:
78:
31:
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4778:
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4407:
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3012:
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2202:
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2120:
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2100:
2039:
2021:
2001:
1997:
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1873:
1869:
1181:
230:
146:
142:
138:
94:
90:
51:
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4709:
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4265:
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4156:
4090:
4033:
4028:
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3638:
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3257:
3242:
3232:
3168:
3134:
3107:
3075:
2245:
2055:
1980:
1248:
329:
324:
226:
207:
86:
74:
35:
2345:
is usually advantageous for the weaker side only, because an endgame with
2197:
Players strive to avoid the creation of pawn weaknesses such as isolated,
2004:
states that rooks, both friend and foe of the pawn, are usually strongest
4078:
4068:
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3080:
3017:
2959:
A chess teacher analyzes and corrects the thinking of advanced beginners.
2913:
explains the thinking behind every single move of many world-class games.
2296:
2219:
1927:). A king and two knights can checkmate a lone king but cannot force it.
1853:
248:
63:
3006:
2999:
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120:
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is likely to be a draw, even with an advantage of one or two pawns.
2252:. Black usually strives to neutralize White's advantage and achieve
2083:
in which the king can be skewered with capture of a rook behind it.
4417:
3465:
2943:
The
Amateur's Mind: Turning Chess Misconceptions into Chess Mastery
2555:
2524:
2304:
2225:
2061:
1962:
1195:
1156:); the older Classical (or Modern) openings control it with pawns.
128:
16:
Aspect of chess play concerned with long-term goals and positioning
2561:
2334:
2263:
2255:
1148:
Chess openings try to control the center while developing pieces.
185:
3139:
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113:
usually coordinates better than a bishop plus a knight), and the
2175:
3606:
1902:
344:
152:
1863:
3059:
2161:
The fundamental strategic aims of most openings are similar:
23:
3124:
2073:
2072:. Moving one of the pawns in front of the king (making a
4793:
3028:
73:
used for this purpose are based on experience. Usually
341:
Other things being equal, the side that controls more
2137:. They are catalogued in reference works such as the
1915:
A king and one knight are not sufficient material to
171:
125:
with many pawns, while bishops are more powerful in
1843:... and its pawn skeleton ("The Rauzer formation")
93:nine points. The fighting value of the king in the
2940:
2761:
2293:Typical plans or strategic themes—for example the
2248:consider that White, by virtue of the first move,
229:are likely to be more useful than a knight in the
4816:
2879:Josh Waitzkin (2002). Chessmaster 8000 Classroom
2364:
1607:
1265:
745:
362:
2962:
2636:"Positional advantage - Chess Strategy Online"
2046:, most of the time it is promoted to a queen.
3044:
2935:
2736:
2188:Correct timing of castling can enhance this.
256:One commonly used simple scoring system is:
2316:The middlegame is also the phase when most
2107:, the developed phase of the game; and the
1200:. These situations can easily occur if the
38:safety, position of pieces, and control of
3051:
3037:
2889:
2658:
2656:
2548:a pawn by advancing it to the eighth rank.
1599:After 12...Re8 in Tarrasch–Euwe, 1922 ...
1258:An example of visualizing pawn structures
3008:Chess and Checkers: the Way to Mastership
2899:
2800:"Chess Masterclass: Learn to Play Chess!"
739:
2653:
2527:: The side to move has a disadvantage.
1492:
1443:
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1429:
1394:
1366:
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1021:
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993:
832:
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804:
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42:and groups of squares (e.g. diagonals,
4817:
2916:
2857:
2250:begins the game with a small advantage
2218:bishops, protected by the knights, to
2129:and have been given names such as the
1007:
923:
916:
909:
902:
811:
610:
414:
77:are considered to be worth one point,
3032:
2831:
2792:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2400:
2008:the pawn rather than in front of it.
1985:Rooks have more scope of movement on
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428:
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407:
398:
2896:A comprehensive guide for beginners.
2698:"Tarrasch vs Euwe on chessgames.com"
2625:Silman, "How to Reassess Your Chess"
2150:) to very aggressive play (e.g. the
1207:
2919:The Complete Book of Chess Strategy
1174:
13:
2883:
1237:
1135:Center squares are marked by "X".
172:Basic concepts of board evaluation
14:
4836:
2985:
2581:rook and pawn versus rook endgame
2090:
1856:, unhindered by enemy pawns from
724:White has an advantage in space.
210:. Rooks and the queen are called
117:(knights are generally better in
46:, and individual squares). Chess
4792:
4463:List of strong chess tournaments
2905:Understanding Chess Move by Move
2739:Understanding the Chess Openings
2593:Outline of chess: Chess strategy
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3441:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
2813:
2140:Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings
194:Bishops and knights are called
2783:
2769:. Courier Dover Publications.
2755:
2730:
2705:
2690:
2665:
2628:
2619:
1:
4561:Computer chess championships
2865:(3rd ed.). Siles Press.
2613:
2278:
1159:
2673:"Glossary : Initiative"
306:
298:
290:
282:
274:
30:of the pieces on the board,
7:
4343:Bishop and knight checkmate
2640:www.chessstrategyonline.com
2586:
2275:in an unbalanced position.
206:, but less valuable than a
103:coordination between pieces
10:
4841:
4506:Other world championships
2863:How to Reassess your Chess
2356:
2352:
2347:bishops on opposite colors
2282:
2118:
2114:
2053:
2019:
1978:
1934:
1930:
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1887:
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202:is about as valuable as a
178:Chess piece relative value
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4353:Opposite-coloured bishops
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3196:
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3058:
2911:International Grandmaster
2789:Harding (2003), p. 32–151
1908:in the enemy position as
4480:World Chess Championship
3446:World Chess Hall of Fame
2993:Chess Plans and Strategy
2968:Winning Chess Strategies
2819:Harding (2003), p. 187ff
2662:Evans (1958), pp. 103–04
2342:bishops and pawns ending
2301:, that is the attack of
2015:
1974:
1242:
336:
328:slightly decreases. The
166:to describe chess moves.
4774:Simultaneous exhibition
4684:Chess newspaper columns
4373:Rook and bishop vs rook
4363:Queen and pawn vs queen
2917:Silman, Jeremy (1998).
2741:. Gambit Publications.
2230:, and puts a rook on a
2049:
4229:Richter–Veresov Attack
4217:Queen's Indian Defence
3019:The Blue Book of Chess
2921:. Silman-James Press.
2576:king and pawn endgames
323:and threatens several
99:position of the pieces
50:is distinguished from
4490:Candidates Tournament
4378:Rook and pawn vs rook
4348:King and pawn vs king
4299:List of chess gambits
4202:King's Indian Defence
3880:Isolated Queen's Pawn
3404:List of chess players
3346:Top player comparison
3145:Internet chess server
2737:Collins, Sam (2005).
2158:continues to evolve.
740:Control of the center
4207:Nimzo-Indian Defence
4103:Scandinavian Defense
4064:Semi-Italian Opening
3969:King's Indian Attack
3858:first-move advantage
3511:Threefold repetition
3436:Bobby Fischer Center
3321:Charlemagne chessmen
3315:Göttingen manuscript
3279:
3120:Correspondence chess
2717:www.thechessdrum.net
2559:
2332:
2302:
2294:
2268:
2261:
2253:
2231:
2223:
2206:
2173:
2031:
2000:with a passed pawn,
1960:
1900:
1861:
1193:
734:Nimzo-Indian Defense
342:
246:
238:
215:
183:
150:
126:
118:
106:
55:
4435:Two knights endgame
4187:Bogo-Indian Defence
4074:Two Knights Defense
4014:Nimzowitsch Defence
3704:Artificial castling
3341:Soviet chess school
3216:Dubrovnik chess set
2890:James Eade (2001).
2070:back-rank checkmate
1925:Two knights endgame
1259:
137:structure, such as
85:three points each,
4665:endgame literature
4212:Old Indian Defense
4122:Accelerated Dragon
3994:Alekhine's Defence
3726:Checkmate patterns
3595:symbols in Unicode
3590:annotation symbols
3353:Geography of chess
3221:Staunton chess set
2970:. Everyman Chess.
2837:New Ideas in Chess
2763:Tarrasch, Siegbert
1257:
1166:Initiative (chess)
164:algebraic notation
162:This article uses
4812:
4811:
4689:Chess periodicals
4618:Chess in the arts
4550:Chess composition
4388:Philidor position
4329:
4328:
4271:Trompowsky Attack
4254:Semi-Slav Defence
4144:Queen's Pawn Game
4024:Four Knights Game
3999:Caro–Kann Defence
3964:Zukertort Opening
3751:Discovered attack
3471:Cheating in chess
3308:Versus de scachis
2928:978-1-890085-01-8
2892:Chess for Dummies
2767:The Game of Chess
2603:Chess terminology
2521:
2520:
2244:Most players and
1850:
1849:
1841:
1840:
1597:
1596:
1208:Exchanging pieces
1133:
1132:
722:
721:
311:
310:
249:unconnected rooks
89:five points, and
22:is the aspect of
4832:
4799:Chess portal
4797:
4796:
4740:Leela Chess Zero
4671:Oxford Companion
4623:early literature
4613:Chess aesthetics
4358:Pawnless endgame
4309:Bongcloud Attack
4287:List of openings
4259:Chigorin Defense
4197:GrĂĽnfeld Defence
4108:Sicilian Defence
4054:Ponziani Opening
4049:Philidor Defence
4044:Petrov's Defence
3986:King's Pawn Game
3959:Larsen's Opening
3922:
3921:
3283:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3030:
3029:
3003:, Second Edition
2981:
2958:
2946:
2932:
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2895:
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2808:
2807:
2802:. Skillshare.com
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2684:
2675:. Archived from
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2660:
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2650:
2648:
2646:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2572:Basic checkmates
2563:
2532:The endgame (or
2426:
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2419:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2405:
2365:
2336:
2306:
2298:
2285:Chess middlegame
2272:
2265:
2260:, or to develop
2257:
2235:
2227:
2210:
2177:
2135:Sicilian Defence
2044:pawn is promoted
2035:
1964:
1904:
1865:
1852:In the endgame,
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1214:Exchange (chess)
1197:
1186:Aron Nimzowitsch
1175:Defending pieces
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121:closed positions
115:type of position
110:
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4791:
4783:
4693:
4679:Chess libraries
4596:
4500:FIDE Grand Prix
4495:Chess World Cup
4449:
4445:Wrong rook pawn
4383:Lucena position
4325:
4275:
4192:Catalan Opening
4167:English Defence
4152:Budapest Gambit
4138:
4096:Austrian Attack
3980:
3949:English Opening
3911:
3907:School of chess
3890:Minority attack
3822:
3791:Queen sacrifice
3690:
3551:
3547:White and Black
3542:Touch-move rule
3501:Perpetual check
3496:Fifty-move rule
3452:
3288:
3285:
3192:
3062:
3057:
3024:Howard Staunton
2988:
2978:
2964:Yasser Seirawan
2955:
2947:. Siles Press.
2929:
2886:
2884:Further reading
2873:
2851:
2839:. Pitman (1984
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2608:School of chess
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2311:pawn structures
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2300:
2297:minority attack
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2237:
2229:
2212:
2179:
2172:Control of the
2123:
2117:
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2037:
2024:
2018:
2002:Tarrasch's rule
1987:half-open files
1983:
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1939:
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1882:connected pawns
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1255:
1247:Main articles:
1245:
1240:
1238:Specific pieces
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401:
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167:
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112:
61:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4838:
4828:
4827:
4825:Chess strategy
4810:
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4788:
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4781:
4776:
4771:
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4764:
4759:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4722:
4720:Chess composer
4717:
4712:
4707:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4675:
4674:
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4645:
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4615:
4610:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4597:
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4594:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4575:North American
4572:
4567:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4468:Chess Olympiad
4465:
4459:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4339:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4319:Scholar's mate
4316:
4311:
4301:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4234:Queen's Gambit
4231:
4226:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4177:Benoni Defence
4172:Indian Defence
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4148:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4115:
4105:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4088:
4086:Owen's Defence
4083:
4082:
4081:
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4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4016:
4011:
4009:Modern Defence
4006:
4004:French Defence
4001:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3939:Bird's Opening
3936:
3930:
3928:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3870:Pawn structure
3867:
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3849:
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3783:
3778:
3773:
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3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3714:Alekhine's gun
3706:
3700:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3636:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3627:Half-open file
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3570:Chess notation
3567:
3561:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3527:
3525:Pawn promotion
3522:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3428:
3426:Women in chess
3423:
3422:
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3411:
3401:
3396:
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3387:
3382:
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3350:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3336:Hypermodernism
3333:
3331:Romantic chess
3328:
3326:Lewis chessmen
3323:
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3164:world rankings
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3093:Computer chess
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3001:Chess Strategy
2997:
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2986:External links
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2859:Silman, Jeremy
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2523:An example of
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2277:
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2203:backward pawns
2193:Pawn structure
2189:
2183:
2169:
2156:opening theory
2152:Latvian Gambit
2119:Main article:
2116:
2113:
2092:
2091:Considerations
2089:
2054:Main article:
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2020:Main article:
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129:open positions
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32:pawn structure
28:relative value
20:Chess strategy
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4779:Solving chess
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4769:Chess prodigy
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4752:Chess problem
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4408:Tarrasch rule
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4368:Queen vs pawn
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4182:Modern Benoni
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4162:Dutch Defence
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4039:King's Gambit
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3954:Grob's Attack
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3944:Dunst Opening
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3934:Benko Opening
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3926:Flank opening
3923:
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3681:Transposition
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3437:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3431:Chess museums
3429:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3399:Notable games
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3390:
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3381:
3378:
3377:
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3373:
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3368:
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3209:
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3189:
3188:World records
3186:
3182:
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3174:
3170:
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3165:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3159:Rating system
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3025:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3014:
3013:Edward Lasker
3010:
3009:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2979:
2977:1-85744-385-3
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2954:9781890085025
2950:
2945:
2944:
2938:
2937:Jeremy Silman
2934:
2930:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2912:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2878:
2874:
2872:1-890085-00-6
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2850:0-486-28305-4
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2816:
2801:
2795:
2786:
2778:
2776:0-486-25447-X
2772:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2750:
2748:1-904600-28-X
2744:
2740:
2733:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2702:(Java needed)
2699:
2693:
2679:on 2006-05-06
2678:
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2657:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2622:
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2609:
2606:
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2601:
2599:
2598:Chess tactics
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2375:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2360:
2359:Chess endgame
2350:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2337:
2329:
2328:combination.
2327:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2299:
2291:
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2276:
2273:
2266:
2258:
2251:
2247:
2246:theoreticians
2242:
2239:
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2228:
2221:
2211:
2204:
2200:
2196:
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2159:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2121:Chess opening
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2029:
2023:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1963:open position
1957:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1878:backward pawn
1875:
1874:doubled pawns
1871:
1870:isolated pawn
1866:
1859:
1855:
1837:
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1831:
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778:
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72:
67:
65:
60:
53:
52:chess tactics
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
4725:Chess engine
4710:Chess boxing
4670:
4440:Wrong bishop
4292:theory table
4266:Torre Attack
4249:Slav Defence
4157:Colle System
4132:Scheveningen
4091:Pirc Defence
4034:Italian Game
4029:Giuoco Piano
3974:RĂ©ti Opening
3897:Piece values
3885:MarĂłczy Bind
3846:the exchange
3836:Compensation
3827:
3766:Interference
3756:Double check
3530:Time control
3517:
3491:by agreement
3419:grandmasters
3363:South Africa
3313:
3306:
3282:Score sheets
3228:Chess pieces
3135:Online chess
3081:Chess titles
3076:Chess theory
3018:
3007:
3000:
2992:
2967:
2942:
2918:
2904:
2891:
2862:
2836:
2833:Evans, Larry
2826:Bibliography
2825:
2824:
2815:
2804:. Retrieved
2794:
2785:
2766:
2757:
2738:
2732:
2720:. Retrieved
2716:
2713:"The Knight"
2707:
2692:
2681:. Retrieved
2677:the original
2667:
2643:. Retrieved
2639:
2630:
2621:
2569:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2340:
2330:
2326:Lasker–Bauer
2322:Boden's Mate
2318:combinations
2315:
2292:
2288:
2243:
2240:
2216:
2209:pawn islands
2191:
2186:King safety:
2185:
2171:
2166:Development:
2165:
2160:
2148:RĂ©ti Opening
2145:
2138:
2126:
2124:
2098:
2094:
2085:
2078:
2065:
2059:
2025:
2010:
1991:
1984:
1970:
1958:
1954:
1948:fianchettoed
1946:
1944:
1940:
1919:an opposing
1914:
1899:
1897:
1854:passed pawns
1851:
1232:the exchange
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1190:
1178:
1169:
1147:
1143:
1139:
728:
356:
340:
317:the exchange
314:
255:
224:
212:major pieces
211:
196:minor pieces
195:
193:
181:
135:
71:point values
68:
19:
18:
4655:Chess books
4455:Tournaments
4314:Fool's mate
4079:Vienna Game
4069:Scotch Game
3902:Prophylaxis
3818:Zwischenzug
3803:Undermining
3771:Overloading
3731:Combination
3580:descriptive
3275:Chess table
3270:Chess clock
3086:Grandmaster
2271:counterplay
2234:center file
1994:middlegames
1230:Note that "
1150:Hypermodern
730:Larry Evans
352:hypermodern
218:bishop pair
109:bishop pair
58:development
40:key squares
4762:joke chess
4715:Chess club
4403:opposition
3865:Middlegame
3853:Initiative
3776:Pawn storm
3741:Deflection
3612:Key square
3602:Fianchetto
3535:Fast chess
3519:En passant
3211:chessboard
3011:, both by
2843:edition).
2806:2020-11-09
2683:2010-02-20
2614:References
2279:Middlegame
2105:middlegame
1160:Initiative
1154:fianchetto
235:middlegame
149:pawns and
44:open files
4745:Stockfish
4735:Deep Blue
4730:AlphaZero
4638:paintings
4430:Tablebase
4394:Strategy
4304:Irregular
4059:Ruy Lopez
4019:Open Game
3786:Sacrifice
3746:Desperado
3649:connected
3622:Open file
3617:King walk
3575:algebraic
3506:Stalemate
3481:Checkmate
3206:Chess set
3198:Equipment
2907:. Gambit.
2901:John Nunn
2894:. Gambit.
2305:queenside
2226:back rank
2131:Ruy Lopez
2066:back rank
2042:. When a
2028:checkmate
1921:lone king
1917:checkmate
1858:promotion
1204:is weak.
1196:back rank
4819:Category
4804:Category
4757:glossary
4418:Zugzwang
4398:fortress
4335:Endgames
4244:Declined
4239:Accepted
3917:Openings
3875:Hedgehog
3841:Exchange
3828:Strategy
3808:Windmill
3659:isolated
3644:backward
3466:Castling
3409:amateurs
3302:Timeline
3176:Variants
3130:Glossary
3113:software
3098:glossary
2966:(2005).
2939:(1999).
2903:(2001).
2861:(1993).
2835:(1958).
2765:(1987).
2587:See also
2556:Zugzwang
2534:end game
2525:zugzwang
2335:simplify
2256:equality
2127:openings
2062:castling
1998:endgames
1910:outposts
186:material
147:backward
139:isolated
105:(e.g. a
48:strategy
4705:Arbiter
4698:Related
4555:Solving
4545:Amateur
4127:Najdorf
3709:Battery
3696:Tactics
3671:Swindle
3654:doubled
3634:Outpost
3565:Blunder
3380:Armenia
3294:History
3140:Premove
3108:engines
3103:matches
3068:Outline
2722:3 April
2645:3 April
2546:promote
2353:Endgame
2324:or the
2264:dynamic
2199:doubled
2115:Opening
2109:endgame
2101:opening
2034:develop
1942:color.
1931:Bishops
1888:Knights
241:doubled
231:endgame
143:doubled
95:endgame
83:bishops
79:knights
4643:poetry
4633:novels
4608:CaĂŻssa
4540:Senior
4530:Junior
4118:Dragon
4113:Alapin
3798:Skewer
3664:passed
3607:Gambit
3414:female
3375:Europe
3358:Africa
3253:Knight
3248:Bishop
2974:
2951:
2925:
2869:
2847:
2773:
2745:
2538:ending
2205:, and
2176:center
2081:skewer
2006:behind
1959:In an
1937:Bishop
1894:Knight
354:play.
288:Bishop
280:Knight
267:Value
225:Three
204:bishop
200:knight
91:queens
64:master
4590:WCSCC
4535:Youth
4525:Blitz
4520:Rapid
4510:Women
4473:Women
4425:Study
4280:Other
3813:X-ray
3736:Decoy
3721:Block
3676:Tempo
3639:Pawns
3557:Terms
3476:Check
3458:Rules
3392:India
3385:Spain
3370:China
3263:Fairy
3238:Queen
3169:norms
3060:Chess
2841:Dover
2562:queen
2552:king.
2040:tempo
2022:Queen
2016:Queen
1975:Rooks
1923:(see
1903:holes
1243:Pawns
1182:tempo
345:space
337:Space
304:Queen
264:Piece
227:pawns
153:holes
145:, or
87:rooks
75:pawns
24:chess
4628:film
4585:WCCC
4580:TCEC
4570:CSVN
4515:Team
4485:List
3761:Fork
3686:Trap
3486:Draw
3258:Pawn
3243:Rook
3233:King
3181:List
3150:list
3125:FIDE
3005:and
2972:ISBN
2949:ISBN
2923:ISBN
2867:ISBN
2845:ISBN
2771:ISBN
2743:ISBN
2724:2018
2647:2018
2074:luft
2056:King
2050:King
1996:and
1981:Rook
1864:rank
1251:and
1249:Pawn
358:it.
330:king
325:fork
296:Rook
272:Pawn
208:rook
198:. A
81:and
36:king
4565:CCC
3781:Pin
3585:PGN
2909:An
2583:".
2536:or
2220:pin
2201:or
2133:or
1992:In
1884:.)
133:).
4821::
2715:.
2655:^
2638:.
2238:.
1945:A
1880:,
1876:,
1872:,
307:9
299:5
291:3
283:3
275:1
253:.
182:A
141:,
34:,
4120:/
3052:e
3045:t
3038:v
2980:.
2957:.
2931:.
2875:.
2853:.
2809:.
2779:.
2751:.
2726:.
2700:.
2686:.
2649:.
2579:"
2515:h
2512:g
2509:f
2506:e
2503:d
2500:c
2497:b
2494:a
2487:1
2484:1
2479:2
2476:2
2471:3
2468:3
2463:4
2460:4
2455:5
2452:5
2447:6
2444:6
2439:7
2436:7
2431:8
2398:8
2391:h
2388:g
2385:f
2382:e
2379:d
2376:c
2373:b
2370:a
2213:.
2195::
2180::
1835:h
1832:g
1829:f
1826:e
1823:d
1820:c
1817:b
1814:a
1807:1
1804:1
1799:2
1796:2
1791:3
1788:3
1783:4
1780:4
1775:5
1772:5
1767:6
1764:6
1759:7
1756:7
1751:8
1641:8
1634:h
1631:g
1628:f
1625:e
1622:d
1619:c
1616:b
1613:a
1591:h
1588:g
1585:f
1582:e
1579:d
1576:c
1573:b
1570:a
1563:1
1560:1
1555:2
1552:2
1547:3
1544:3
1539:4
1536:4
1531:5
1528:5
1523:6
1520:6
1515:7
1512:7
1507:8
1299:8
1292:h
1289:g
1286:f
1283:e
1280:d
1277:c
1274:b
1271:a
1127:h
1124:g
1121:f
1118:e
1115:d
1112:c
1109:b
1106:a
1099:1
1096:1
1091:2
1088:2
1083:3
1080:3
1075:4
1072:4
1067:5
1064:5
1059:6
1056:6
1051:7
1048:7
1043:8
779:8
772:h
769:g
766:f
763:e
760:d
757:c
754:b
751:a
716:h
713:g
710:f
707:e
704:d
701:c
698:b
695:a
688:1
685:1
680:2
677:2
672:3
669:3
664:4
661:4
656:5
653:5
648:6
645:6
640:7
637:7
632:8
396:8
389:h
386:g
383:f
380:e
377:d
374:c
371:b
368:a
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