Passover Seder - Knowledge

933:: A sweet, brown, pebbly paste of fruits and nuts, possibly representing the mortar used by the Jewish slaves to build the storehouses of Egypt. The actual recipe depends partly on ethno-cultural tradition and partly on locally available ingredients. Ashkenazi Jews, for example, traditionally make apple-raisin based charoset while Sephardic Jews often make date-based recipes that might feature orange or/and lemon, or even banana. Other Talmudic traditions claim the Charoset "recalls the apple", apparently referencing a tradition that Jewish women snuck out to apple orchards to conceive in Egypt, and that it is not obligatory but serves to nullify the poison of the maror. 2350: 1590:(26:5–8) are then expounded, with an elaborate, traditional commentary. ("And thou shalt speak and say before the Lord thy God: 'A wandering Aramean was my parent, and they went down into Egypt, and sojourned there, few in number; and became there a nation, great, mighty, and populous. And the Egyptians dealt ill with us, and afflicted us, and laid upon us hard bondage. And we cried unto the Lord, the God of our parents, and the Lord heard our voice, and saw our affliction, and our toil, and our oppression. And the Lord brought us forth out of Egypt 1385: 1850: 1971:

that it was important to include a fifth cup for the fifth expression of redemption in Exodus 6:8. All agreed that five cups should be poured but the question as to whether or not the fifth should be drunk, given that the fifth expression of redemption concerned being brought into the Land of Israel, which – by this stage – was no longer possessed of an autonomous Jewish community, remained insoluble. The rabbis determined that the matter should be left until

1918: 2173:". The original Women's Seder has been held with the Women's Haggadah every year since 1976, and women-only seders are now held by some congregations as well. Some seders (including the original Women's Seder, but not limited to women-only seders) now set out a cup for the prophet Miriam as well as the traditional cup for the prophet Elijah, accompanied by a ritual to honor Miriam. Miriam's cup originated in the 1980s in a Boston 2113:– Next year in the rebuilt Jerusalem!" Jerusalem is the holiest city in the Bible; it has become symbolic of the idea of spiritual perfection. The tradition of saying "Next year in Jerusalem" is similar to the tradition of opening the door for Elijah: it recognizes that “this year” we live in an imperfect world outside of “Jerusalem,” but we patiently await a time, hopefully “next year,” in which we live in spiritual perfection. 2191:, which "is a rabbinic legend that tells of a miraculous well that accompanied the Israelites during their 40 years in the desert at the Exodus from Egypt". Furthermore, some Jews include an orange on the seder plate. The orange represents the fruitfulness for all Jews when all marginalized peoples are included, particularly women and gay people. An incorrect but common rumor says that this tradition began when a man told 2169:. Esther Broner and Naomi Nimrod created a women's haggadah for use at this seder. In the spring of 1976 Esther Broner published this "Women's Haggadah" in Ms. Magazine, later publishing it as a book in 1994; this haggadah is meant to include women where only men had been mentioned in traditional haggadahs, and it features the Wise Women, the Four Daughters, the Women's Questions, the Women's Plagues, and a women-centric " 2373:, marking the first time that a sitting US president hosted a Seder in the White House. The private dinner for about 20 guests, both Jewish and non-Jewish – including the President and his family, members of the President's and First Lady's staffs, and friends and their families – features the reading of the Haggadah, traditional rituals such as the hiding of the afikoman and the cup of Elijah, and the reading of the 814: 652: 822: 36: 2327:

celebrated the liberation struggle of Black America alongside that of ancient Israel from Pharaoh, and was the first Haggadah to go beyond the original Biblical story. It sparked a large number of Haggadahs celebrating various other forms of liberation – feminism, vegetarianism, the liberation movements in Latin America in the 1970s, ecological healing, etc.. Today, many

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adult "child" until a grandchild of the family receives sufficient Jewish education to take on the responsibility. If a person has no children capable of asking, the responsibility falls to their spouse, or another participant. The need to ask is so great that even if a person is alone at the seder they are obligated to ask themselves and to answer their own questions.

679:(the collective body of Jewish religious laws) requires that certain parts be said in language the participants can understand, and critical parts are often said in both Hebrew and the native language. The leader will often interrupt the reading to discuss different points with his or her children, or to offer an insight into the meaning or interpretation of the words. 1278:, whenever one partakes of fruits or vegetables dipped in liquid while remaining wet, one must wash one's hands if the fruit or vegetable remains wet. However, at other times of the year, one has either already washed their hands before eating bread, or dry the fruit or vegetable, in which case one need not wash their hands before eating the fruit or vegetable. 891:) is the special plate containing symbolic foods used during the Passover Seder. Each of the six items arranged on the plate has special significance to the retelling of the story of the Exodus from Egypt. The seventh symbolic item used during the meal – a stack of three matzot – is placed on its own plate on the Seder table. 750:(bitter herbs which symbolize the bitterness of slavery), and charoset (a sweet paste, possibly representing the mortar which the Jewish slaves used to cement bricks). Recalling the freedom of the second half of the night, they eat the matzah (the "bread of freedom" as well as the "bread of affliction") and ' 925:, as well as green onions, dandelion greens, celery leaves, or curly parsley (but parsley and celery are more commonly used as the karpas or vegetable element). Much depends upon whether one's tradition is Ashkenazic, Sephardic, Mizrahi, Persian, or one of the many other Jewish ethno-cultural traditions. 1540:

finding four references in the Torah to responding to your son who asks a question. Each of these sons phrases his question about the seder in a different way. The Haggadah recommends answering each son according to his question, using one of the three verses in the Torah that refer to this exchange.

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Since the retelling of the Exodus to one's child is the object of the Seder experience, much effort is made to arouse the interest and curiosity of the children and keep them awake during the meal. To that end, questions and answers are a central device in the Seder ritual. By encouraging children to

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In some homes, participants take turns reciting the text of the Haggadah, in the original Hebrew or in translation. It is traditional for the head of the household and other participants to have pillows placed behind them for added comfort. At several points during the Seder, participants lean to the

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The Seder is most often conducted in the family home, although communal Seders are also organized by synagogues, schools and community centers, some open to the general public. It is customary to invite guests, especially strangers and the needy. The Seder is integral to Jewish faith and identity: as

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Most Ashkenazim have the custom to fill both a fourth and a fifth cup at this point. This relates to a Talmudic discussion that concerns the number of cups that are supposed to be drunk. Given that the four cups are in reference to the four expressions of redemption in Exodus 6:6–7, some rabbis felt

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struck Egypt at midnight, killing all the first-born sons from the first-born of Pharaoh to the first-born of the lowest Egyptian to all the first-born of the livestock in the land (Exodus 12:29), Pharaoh let the Hebrew nation go, effectively making them free people for the second half of the night.

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experiments for a number of universities and startups in Israel. As part of the “Rakia” mission, Stibbe held the first Seder in space on the first night of the holiday. This included reciting kiddush, drinking grape juice, eating matzah, and relating to his fellow astronauts about the values that

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magazine and in a small booklet by the Micah Press and in a later edition (1970) by Holt-Rinehart-Winston, and was actually performed on April 4, 1969, the first anniversary of the death of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and the third night of Passover, at Lincoln Memorial Temple in Washington, DC. It

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violates Passover. So, at her next seder, she chose an orange as a symbol of inclusion of gays and lesbians and others who are marginalized within the Jewish community. In addition, each orange segment had a few seeds that had to be spit out – a gesture of spitting out and repudiating what they see

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that a woman belongs on the bimah as an orange on the seder plate; however, it actually began when in the early 1980s, while when speaking at Oberlin College Hillel, Susannah Heschel was introduced to an early feminist Haggadah that suggested adding a crust of bread on the seder plate, as a sign of

1983:("Cup of Elijah"). Over time, people came to relate this cup to the notion that Elijah will visit each Jewish home on Seder night as a foreshadowing of his future arrival at the end of the days, when he will come to announce the coming of the Moshiach, and that the door is opened for him to enter. 1440:

details questions one is obligated to ask on the night of the seder. It is customary for the youngest child present to recite the four questions. Some customs hold that the other participants recite them quietly to themselves as well. In some families, this means that the requirement remains on an

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The wise son asks "What are the statutes, the testimonies, and the laws that God has commanded us to do?" One explanation for why this very detailed-oriented question is categorized as wise, is that the wise son is trying to learn how to carry out the seder, rather than asking for someone else's

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left Egypt." (This implies that the Seder is not for the wicked son because the wicked son would not have deserved to be freed from Egyptian slavery.) Where the four sons are illustrated in the Haggadah, this son has frequently been depicted as carrying weapons or wearing stylish contemporary

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In some traditions, the questions are asked by the assembled company in chorus rather than by a child, and are put to the leader of the seder, who either answers the question or may direct the attention of the assembled company to someone who is acting out that particular part of the Exodus.

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The wicked son, who asks, "What is this service to you?", is characterized by the Haggadah as isolating himself from the Jewish people, standing by objectively and watching their behavior rather than participating. Therefore, he is rebuked by the explanation that "It is because God acted for

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Each participant receives a copy of the Haggadah: an ancient text that contains the complete Seder service. Men and women are equally obliged and eligible to participate in the Seder. Traditionally, each participant at the Seder table recites the Haggadah in the original Hebrew and Aramaic.

282:סדר, which means 'order' or 'procedure'. The name also expresses the conduct of the meal, all the dishes, the blessings, the prayers, the stories and the songs, written in the Haggadah, a book that determines the order of Passover and tells the story of the Exodus from Egypt. And all the 2289:

as part of commemorating the Last Supper. Many Christians cite the meal as a way to connect with the heritage of their own religion and to see how the practices of the ancient world are still relevant to Christianity today. However, the current form of the Passover Seder dates from the

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Some seders (including the original Women's Seder, but not limited to women-only seders) now set out a cup for the prophet Miriam as well as the traditional cup for the prophet Elijah, sometimes accompanied by a ritual to honor Miriam. Miriam's cup originated in the 1980s in a Boston

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during the holiday, or lived in jurisdictions where they were legally required to do so, and thus could not visit the homes of friends and family who were hosting Seders. The website OneTable saw a fourfold increase in the number of virtual seders it hosted from 2019 to 2020, and

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solidarity with Jewish lesbians (as some would say there's as much room for a lesbian in Judaism as there is for a crust of bread on the seder plate). Heschel felt that to put bread on the seder plate would be to accept that Jewish lesbians and gay men violate Judaism like

1022:, discusses the answers in the form of a historical review. Also, at different points in the Seder, the leader of the Seder will cover the matzot and lift their cup of wine; then put down the cup of wine and uncover the matzot – all to elicit questions from the children. 667:. For the first half of the Seder, each participant will only need a plate and a wine glass. At the head of the table is a Seder plate containing various symbolic foods that will be eaten or pointed out during the course of the Seder. Placed nearby is a plate with three 187:. Where seven days of Passover are observed, a seder is held on the first night; where eight days are observed, seders are often held on the first two nights, the 15th and 16th of Nisan. The Seder is a ritual involving a retelling of the story of the liberation of the 1702:

With the recital of the Ten Plagues, there is a late custom, which arose in German-Jewish circles, that each participant removes a drop of wine from their cup using a fingertip at the mention of each of the ten plagues. Although this night is one of salvation,

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The rituals and symbolic foods evoke the twin themes of the evening: slavery and freedom. It is stated in the Haggadah that "In every generation everyone is obligated to see themselves as if they themselves came out of Egypt" – i.e., out of slavery.

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Although the 15 orders of the Seder have been complete, the Haggadah concludes with additional songs which further recount the miracles that occurred on this night in Ancient Egypt as well as throughout history. Some songs express a prayer that the

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and drinking at least a majority of the first cup of wine. On Shabbat, it is preceded by a reading from the Book of Genesis recounting God's rest on the seventh day of creation and includes an extended doxology on the blessings of Shabbat.

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relates the cups to the four historical redemptions of the Jewish people: the choosing of Abraham, the Exodus from Egypt, the survival of the Jewish people throughout the exile, and the fourth which will happen at the end of days.

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in Egypt. Therefore, the Seder is an occasion for praise and thanksgiving and for re-dedication to the idea of liberation. Furthermore, the words and rituals of the Seder are a primary vehicle for the transmission of the

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The four cups might also reflect the Roman custom of drinking as many cups as there are letters in the name of the chief guest at a meal, which in the case of the Seder is God himself whose Hebrew name has four letters.

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The Haggadah explores the meaning of those verses, and embellishes the story. This telling describes the slavery of the Jewish people and their miraculous salvation by God. This culminates in an enumeration of the

4527: 1518:'The first dip, green vegetables in salt water, symbolizes the replacing of our tears with gratitude, and the second dip, Maror in Charoses, symbolizes the sweetening of our burden of bitterness and suffering.' 2830: 1358:

The story of Passover, and the change from slavery to freedom is told. At this point in the Seder, Moroccan Jews have a custom of raising the Seder plate over the heads of all those present while chanting

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the Seder tradition and the reading of the Haggadah can teach, noting that the story of the exodus from Egypt of the people of Israel "from slavery into freedom" shows that "no dream is beyond reach".

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Ernst Goldschmidt, Bezalel Narkiss, Bezalel Narkiss, Joseph Gutmann, Robert Weltsch, Bezalel Narkiss, Joseph Gutmann, Cecil Roth, Hanoch Avenary, and Jody Myers (2007). "Haggadah, Passover". In

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The maror (bitter herb) is placed between two small pieces of matzo, similarly to how the contents of a sandwich are placed between two slices of bread, and eaten. This follows the tradition of

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A number of churches hold interfaith Seders where Jews and non-Jews alike are invited to share in the story and discuss common themes of peace, freedom, and religious tolerance. During the

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from grandparent to child, and from one generation to the next. Attending a Seder and eating matzah on Passover is a widespread custom even among those who are not religiously observant.

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Each participant dips a vegetable into either salt water (an Ashkenazi custom; said to serve as a reminder of the tears shed by their enslaved ancestors), vinegar (a Sephardi custom) or

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The question about reclining substitutes for a question about eating roasted meat, that was present in the mishnah but removed by later authorities due to its inapplicability after the

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According to most traditions, no blessing is recited at this point in the Seder, unlike the blessing recited over the washing of the hands before eating bread. However, followers of

1899:, traditionally, no other food may be eaten for the rest of the night. Additionally, no intoxicating beverages may be consumed, with the exception of the remaining two cups of wine. 1729:, which proclaims that had God performed any single one of the many deeds performed for the Jewish people, it would have been enough to obligate us to give thanks. Some sing instead 1345:(translated: 'In haste we left Egypt'). While this is being sung, the head of the household walks around the table with the Seder plate and waves it over each individual's head. 1512:'We eat only matzah because our ancestors could not wait for their breads to rise when they were fleeing slavery in Egypt, and so they were flat when they came out of the oven.' 2232:

regularly attracts more than 1,200 participants. In 2006, the Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS and Baltic Countries organized over 500 public Seders throughout the

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The festive meal is eaten. Traditionally it begins with a hard boiled egg dipped in salt water, referencing the charred egg on the Seder plate. In Yiddish, there is a saying:

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The traditional Haggadah speaks of "four sons" – one who is wise, one who is wicked, one who is simple, and one who does not know to ask. This is based upon the rabbis of the

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Families will follow the Haggadah's lead by asking their own questions at various points in the Haggadah and offering prizes such as nuts and candies for correct answers. The

1055:, a copy of which is in front of all participants. Jewish children learn the following words, denoting the order of the Seder, with a rhyme and tune at their Jewish schools: 267:, partaking of symbolic foods, and reclining in celebration of freedom. The Seder is among the most commonly celebrated Jewish rituals, performed by Jews all over the world. 2881: 1035:, which is hidden away for the "dessert" after the meal, is another device used to encourage children's participation. In most families, the leader of the Seder hides the 663:

Family members come to the table dressed in their holiday clothes. There is an Orthodox Ashkenazi tradition for the person leading the Seder to wear a white robe called a

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of the 1960s, interfaith Seders energized and inspired leaders from various communities who came together to march for equal protection for all. The first of these, the

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The entire order of Hallel which is usually recited in the synagogue on Jewish holidays is also recited at the Seder table, albeit sitting down. The first two psalms,

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Moroccan Jewish custom is that when the matzah is split, a passage is recited describing how "in this manner God split the Red Sea" in the aftermath of the Exodus.

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The Four Cups represent the four expressions of deliverance promised by God Exodus 6:6–7: "I will bring out," "I will deliver," "I will redeem," and "I will take."

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understanding of its meaning. He is answered fully: "You should reply to him with the laws of pesach: one may not eat any dessert after the paschal sacrifice."

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Jews) also hold a seder on the second night. Seders have been observed around the world, including in remote places such as high in the Himalaya mountains in

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and the exodus from Egypt. Acting in a way that shows freedom and majesty, many Jews have the custom of filling each other's cups at the Seder table. The

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are stacked on the seder table; at this stage, the middle matzah of the three is broken in half. The larger piece is hidden, to be used later as the

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is typically romaine lettuce, whose roots are bitter-tasting. In addition to horseradish and romaine lettuce, other forms of bitter lettuce, such as

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The rendering of time for Jews is that a day began at sunset and ended at sunset. According to the Exodus narrative, at the beginning of the 15th of

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Some modern Haggadahs mention "children" instead of "sons", and some have added a fifth child. The fifth child can represent the children of the

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Roasted sacrifices were no longer possible after the destruction, and roasted meat was therefore disallowed on seder night, to avoid ambiguity.

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and women's seminaries are often invited in groups up to 100 for "second-day Seders" hosted by outreach organizations and private individuals.

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The simple son, who asks, "What is this?" is answered with "With a strong hand the Almighty led us out from Egypt, from the house of bondage."

1306:(an older Sephardi custom, still common among Yemenite Jews). Another custom mentioned in some Ashkenazi sources and probably originating with 1521:'We recline at the Seder table because in ancient times, a person who reclined at a meal was a free person, while slaves and servants stood.' 3782: 3111: 57: 3939: 1591: 735: 4613: 4179: 770:

10:1) that even the poor are obliged to drink the four cups. Each cup is imbibed at a specific point in the Seder. The first is for

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immediately following the Hallel proper, i.e. at the end of Psalm 118, except for the concluding words. After Nishmat, they recite

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emissaries regularly conduct Seders for hundreds of visiting students, businesspeople and Jewish travelers. The Chabad Seder in

1524:'We eat only roasted meat because that is how the Pesach/Passover lamb is prepared during sacrifice in the Temple at Jerusalem.' 3650: 3320:"Why Miriam's Cup? Because without Miriam, Jewish life would not exist | j. the Jewish news weekly of Northern California" 1043:

and a parent must look for it; when the parents give up, the children demand a prize (often money) for revealing its location.

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group; it was invented by Stephanie Loo, who filled it with mayim hayim (living waters) and used it in a feminist ceremony of

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group; it was invented by Stephanie Loo, who filled it with mayim hayim (living waters) and used it in a feminist ceremony of

3258: 2980: 2789: 2615: 4172: 3221: 245: 4044: 3060: 1018:– 'Why is this night different from all other nights?' After the asking of this questions, the main portion of the Seder, 4146: 3494: 2698: 3967: 3359: 1515:'We eat only Maror, a bitter herb, to remind us of the bitterness of slavery that our ancestors endured while in Egypt.' 4125: 3756: 3299: 3196:"Want to inject a bit of feminism into your Passover Seder? Try "The Women's Dayenu" | How to Lose Your Virginity" 686:

Jews generally observe one or two seders: in Israel, one seder is observed on the first night of Passover; traditional

3911: 1888:, which was hidden earlier in the Seder, is traditionally the last morsel of food eaten by participants in the Seder. 4426: 3625: 3159: 1482:('Why is it that on all other nights we dine either sitting upright or reclining, but on this night we all recline?') 2561: 3151: 2443: 2256: 1979:(Jewish Messiah), at which time all halakhic questions will be resolved) and the fifth cup came to be known as the 1578:

For the former, tradition is to say that for that child one asks "Why?" and, like the simple child, has no answer.

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at Passover, so that some Christians have interpreted it as a Seder; in consequence some Christian Seders are on

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When people wish to participate in a shared Seder but are unable to be physically together, technology such as

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and the children must find it, whereupon they receive a prize or reward. In other homes, the children hide the

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The Seder concludes with a prayer that the night's service be accepted. A hope for the Messiah is expressed: "

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The one who does not know to ask is told, "It is because of what the Almighty did for me when I left Egypt."

1466:('Why is it that on all other nights we eat all kinds of vegetables, but on this night we eat bitter herbs?') 1254:

is traditionally said by the father of the house, but all Seder participants may participate by reciting the

2273:. Many churches host Seders, usually adding a Messianic Christian Passover message, and many times inviting 2741: 2140:, engage in Torah learning, or continue talking about the events of the Exodus until sleep overtakes them. 1922: 1764:(which will be concluded after the meal). A long blessing is recited, and the second cup of wine is drunk. 813: 1793:

First one recites the standard blessing before eating bread, which includes the words "who brings forth" (

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Physical re-enactment of the Exodus during the Passover seder is common in many families and communities.

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says symbolize the bitterness and harshness of the slavery which the Jews endured in Ancient Egypt. For

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Thus, Seder participants recall the slavery that reigned during the first half of the night by eating

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Afterwards the Fourth Cup of Wine is drunk and a brief blessing for the "fruit of the vine" is said.

1487: 1474:('Why is it that on all other nights we do not dip even once, but on this night we dip them twice?') 695: 2236:, led by local rabbis and Chabad rabbinical students, drawing more than 150,000 attendees in total. 3600: 1760:, with scriptural sources. Then follows a short prayer, and the recital of the first two psalms of 4634: 4503: 1234:. It should be recited as soon as the synagogue services are over but not before nightfall. This 683:

left – when drinking the four cups of wine, eating the Afikoman, and eating the korech sandwich.

286:(religious commandments or rites) in the "order" are done in a fixed order in every Jewish home. 985:

that has been roasted in a baking pan with a little oil, or with a lamb shank – symbolizing the

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The blessing for the eating of the maror (bitter herbs) is recited and then it is to be eaten.

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Shebb'khol hallelot anu okh'lin ben yosh'vin uven m'subbin, vehallayla hazze kullanu m'subbin.

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congregations hold annual interfaith community Seders. A number of Interfaith Passover Seder

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explains that one cannot be completely joyous when some of God's creatures had to suffer. A

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to the retribution God will levy over the enemies of the Jewish people at the end of days.

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Shebb'khol hallelot anu okh'lin basar tsali shaluk umvushal, vehallayla hazze kullo tsali.

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The order and procedures of the Seder are stated and printed in the text of the Passover

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is a declaration (mandated by Rabban Gamliel) of the reasons of the commandments of the

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Shebb'khol hallelot en anu matbillin afillu pa'am eḥat, vehallayla hazze sh'tei fe'amim.

4095:"Second Israeli Astronaut at First Passover Seder in Space: 'No Dream Is Beyond Reach'" 3247: 1431: 1384: 1307: 408: 237: 172: 3460: 2699:"David Blumenthal on the Popularity of the Seder Due to the Manner of Its Celebration" 1975:(in reference to the notion that Elijah's arrival would precipitate the coming of the 1777:

The ritual hand-washing is repeated, this time with all customs including a blessing.

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are uncovered, and referred to as the "bread of affliction". Participants declare (in

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work. The Haggadah contains the narrative of the Israelite exodus from Egypt, special

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Seder customs include telling the story, discussing the story, drinking four cups of

3654: 3358:. Binghamton, NY. Jewish Federation of Greater Binghamton. p. 5. Archived from 3067:. David Silverberg (trans.). Alon Shvut, Israel: Yeshivat Har Etzion. Archived from 949:, which is dipped into salt water (Ashkenazi custom), vinegar (Sephardi custom), or 3425:

This Week in History – E.M. Broner publishes "The Telling" | Jewish Women's Archive

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from Egypt: "You shall tell your child on that day, saying, 'It is because of what

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who have drifted so far from Jewish life that they do not participate in a Seder.

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requires that this invitation be repeated in the native language of the country.

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Day to Mark the Departure and Expulsion of Jews from the Arab Countries and Iran

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From Kathmandu to Jerusalem, how Jews around the world are celebrating Passover

2471: 2386: 2266: 2158: 2085: 1941: 1911: 1379: 791: 691: 253: 226: 200: 156: 3833: 2995: 2970: 2610:. Vol. 8 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. pp. 207–217. 2188: 2002: 1812:

An olive-size piece (some say two) is then eaten while reclining to the left.

868:, in turn, are connected to the three Patriarchs: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.) 4628: 4467: 4457: 4416: 4411: 4321: 4252: 2910: 2584: 2319: 2274: 2212:

The group of people who hold a Passover Seder together is referred to in the

2137: 1749: 1568: 1286: 954: 841: 196: 3296: 3185:. New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1992. Print. p. 126 1455:

Shebb'khol hallelot anu okh'lin ḥamets umatsa, vehallayla hazze kullo matsa.

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New York City apartment and led by her, with 13 women attending, including

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The most famous question which the youngest child asks at the Seder is the

214: 3629: 83:

In Jewish practice, one or two festive Seder meals on the first two nights

4452: 4386: 4333: 3916: 3884:"Why Obama, a Christian, hosts a Passover seder each year at White House" 3760: 2370: 2282: 2153:

In 1976, the first of a series of women-only Passover seders was held in

1959:

In many traditions, the front door of the house is opened at this point.

1891:

Each participant receives an olive-sized portion of matzo to be eaten as

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was widely used to host virtual Seders. Virtual seders were endorsed by

2204:

Furthermore, many Haggadah now use gender-neutral English translations.

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At this part in the Seder, songs of praise are sung, including the song

762:

There is an obligation to drink four cups of wine during the Seder. The

734:

in Ancient Egypt, the Jewish people were enslaved to Pharaoh. After the

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The Women's Haggadah (9780060611439): E. M. Broner, Naomi Nimrod: Books

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resulted in a surge of virtual Seders, as many Jews sought to practice

2269:, have recently taken great interest in performing Seders according to 2262: 2126: 2051: 1809:

Then one recites the blessing regarding the commandment to eat Matzah.

1275: 911:, many people use freshly grated horseradish or whole horseradish root. 833: 222: 188: 53: 2298:. Some Jews and Christians consider Christian Seders an inappropriate 1917: 1463:

Shebb'khol hallelot anu okh'lin sh'ar y'rakot, vehallayla hazze maror.

1365:('In haste we went out of Egypt bread of affliction, free people'). 4492: 4482: 4338: 3711:"WorldWide Religious News-Some Jews see trespass in Christian Seders" 3413:

The Family Seder: A Traditional Passover Haggadah For the Modern Home

2229: 2106: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 1632: 1413:) an invitation to all who are hungry or needy to join in the Seder. 241: 163:. It is conducted throughout the world on the eve of the 15th day of 4118:

A Passover Seder Companion and Analytic Introduction to the Haggadah

3651:"FJC: 150,000 celebrate Passover at FJC sponsored Seders in the FSU" 2389:

software can be used to facilitate a "virtual" Seder. In 2020, the

4580: 4361: 4284: 4020:"Passover during coronavirus: Celebrating a communal holiday alone" 2461: 2426:

restrictions that limit the use of electronic devices on holidays.

2332: 2221: 2130: 1976: 1879: 1708: 1329: 1303: 1052: 1031: 950: 929: 904: 853: 825:

Traditional arrangement of symbolic foods on a Passover Seder plate

767: 751: 561: 384: 160: 3007: 2948: 1963:

79:6–7 is recited in both Ashkenazi and Sephardi traditions, plus

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and was then roasted and eaten as part of the meal on Seder night.

4575: 4514: 4301: 4229: 3783:"Why is this Night Different? The Problem of the Christian Seder" 3525:. Brittdurgin.com (2 October 2010). Retrieved on 18 October 2011. 3473:

Jewish Women and the Feminist Revolution (Jewish Women's Archive)

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The four questions have been translated into over 300 languages.

1414: 1229: 922: 837: 771: 763: 676: 645: 636: 313: 283: 192: 138: 3297:

Miriam's Cup: Miriam's Cup rituals for the family Passover seder

1205: 651: 4595: 4585: 4306: 4194: 3516:

Women celebrate non-traditional Seder – Britt Durgin Journalism

2466: 2240: 2213: 2170: 2102: 1972: 1960: 1761: 1753: 1725: 1437: 1406: 1389: 1324: 1282: 1245: 946: 942: 937: 918: 865: 857: 801: 781: 743: 720: 668: 664: 640: 590: 584:– blessing after the meal and drinking of the third cup of wine 474: 358: 264: 249: 180: 176: 2507: 2136:

Following the Seder, those who are still awake may recite the

2042:, a portion of the morning service for Shabbat and festivals. 1005:

ask questions, they will be more open to hearing the answers.

821: 4590: 4555: 4545: 4381: 3415:. New York: Jonathan David Publishers, 1991. Print. p. 99. 2438:, participating in the first privately sponsored trip to the 1757: 1636: 961: 899: 849: 747: 731: 656: 497: 210: 204: 164: 152: 92: 35: 3940:"Iran deal, Israeli tensions put focus on White House Seder" 3834:"Unitarian Universalists have diverse and inclusive beliefs" 3039: 1948:

associated with the Grace after Meals on special occasions.

1089: 941:: A vegetable other than bitter herbs, sometimes parsley or 4600: 4570: 4550: 4522: 3968:"This Passover, the seders are virtual. The plague is real" 2975:. Brooklyn, NY: Mesorah Publications, Ltd. pp. 86–87. 2971:

Gold, Avie; Zlotowitz, Meir; Scherman, Nosson (1990–2002).

2966: 2964: 2501: 1663: 1572: 1368: 1339:

Before Magid, some Sephardi families have a custom to sing

861: 382:– breaking the middle matzah; the larger piece becomes the 260: 49: 2701:. Pitts Theology Library, Emory University. Archived from 1313: 407:– retelling the Passover story, including the recital of " 3912:"How is the White House Seder Different from All Others?" 1720:, while similarly spilling a drop of wine for each word. 1654:(pestilence) – A plague killed off the Egyptian livestock 715: 3008:"Judaism 101: Pesach Seder: How is This Night Different" 2961: 2949:"Judaism 101: Pesach Seder: How is This Night Different" 2045:

There are a number of opinions concerning the paragraph

236:" (Exodus 13:8) At the seder, Jews read the text of the 141:

which follows 49 days from the second night of Passover)

3484: 3475:. Jwa.org (17 June 2005). Retrieved on 18 October 2011. 3427:. Jwa.org (1 March 1993). Retrieved on 18 October 2011. 1362:"Bivhilu yatzanu mimitzrayim, halahma anya b'nei horin" 3757:"Why Are Christians Starting To Have Passover Seders?" 3349:"Defrosting Judaism: A look at the Ritualwell Website" 3342: 3340: 2024:, were recited before the meal. The remaining psalms 1929: 1450:('Why is this night different from all other nights?') 1119: 1109: 995:

and was then eaten as part of the meal on Seder night.

836:

relates the Four Cups to four worlds: this world, the

2498: 1940:

Note: The Third Cup is customarily poured before the

1420: 2852:"What is the significance of the four cups of wine?" 2504: 1794: 1781: 1780: 1768: 1767: 1715: 1693: 1685: 1677: 1669: 1657: 1649: 1641: 1626: 1623:(frogs) – An infestation of frogs sprang up in Egypt 1618: 1610: 1496: 1477: 1469: 1461: 1453: 1445: 1421: 1397: 1369: 1360: 1349: 1340: 1314: 1293: 1265: 1255: 1249: 1235: 1227: 1215: 1206: 1162: 1009: 986: 971:(Pesach sacrifice), which was a lamb offered in the 966: 886: 610: 588: 568: 543: 523: 503: 480: 457: 435: 415: 391: 366: 340: 320: 296: 4045:"Observing Passover in the Time of the 11th Plague" 3966:Editor, Daniel Burke, CNN Religion (8 April 2020). 3382: 3380: 3337: 3218:"To the pulpit by way of the classroom | NJJN" 2495: 2294:period, after Christianity and Judaism had already 1863:, which means "We set the table and eat the fish". 1571:who did not survive to ask a question or represent 840:age, the world at the revival of the dead, and the 3246: 2121:will soon be rebuilt. The last song to be sung is 1944:is recited because the Third Cup also serves as a 1866: 1240:is similar to that which is recited on all of the 3680:"Why the Church should not appropriate the Seder" 3292: 3290: 3245:Scherman, Nosson; Zlotowitz, Meir, eds. (1994) . 3244: 3240: 3238: 2365:began conducting an annual Passover seder in the 639:and the Exodus, the Jewish people would still be 58:other groups claiming affiliation with Israelites 16:Ritual feast that marks the beginning of Passover 4626: 3390:. My Jewish Learning. 2014-01-22. Archived from 3377: 3275:"Chabad.org: 11. Shulchan Orech – set the table" 2036:(the Great Hallel) is then recited, followed by 1921:Seder cups, dated between 1790 and 1810. In the 1172: 1099: 4142:My Jewish Learning: The Passover (Pesach) Seder 3673: 3671: 3306:. Miriamscup.com. Retrieved on 18 October 2011. 3134: 3132: 2335:have been written especially for this purpose. 1508:The questions are answered with the following: 965:: A roasted lamb or goat bone, symbolizing the 3487:"Women-Only Seder Held in Westmoreland County" 3314: 3312: 3287: 3235: 3220:. Njjewishnews.com. 2015-03-30. Archived from 3025: 3023: 2562:"Introduction to the Seder - Jewish Tradition" 1902: 1348: 1152: 519:– eating of a sandwich made of matzo and maror 316:blessing and drinking of the first cup of wine 4180: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 2338: 1858: 1182: 991:(festival sacrifice) that was offered in the 3854:Raushenbush, Paul Brandeis (14 April 2014). 3809:"Why Are Christian Passover Seders a Thing?" 3705: 3703: 3668: 3138: 3129: 2630:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1841: 1615:(blood) – All the water was changed to blood 1447:Ma nishtana ha lyla ha zeh mikkol hallaylot? 1221: 1196: 1186: 1176: 1166: 1156: 1146: 1136: 1126: 1113: 1103: 1093: 1083: 1073: 1063: 805: 795: 785: 775: 616: 596: 574: 549: 529: 509: 486: 463: 441: 421: 397: 372: 346: 326: 302: 75:To retell the story of the Exodus from Egypt 19:"Seder" redirects here. For other uses, see 4070:"Streaming Seder | The Rabbinical Assembly" 3853: 3451:. Amazon.com. Retrieved on 18 October 2011. 3439:. JBooks.com. Retrieved on 18 October 2011. 3309: 3020: 2996:הצעה לסדר | יחץ | הרב ברוך גיגי | פסח תשפ"ב 2008: 1581: 4187: 4173: 3555: 3485:Helzel, Cynthia Bombach (April 14, 2008). 3093:. Congress of Secular Jewish Organizations 2941: 2442:as part of the "Rakia" mission to conduct 2302:of Jewish ritual for non-Jewish purposes. 2201:as the homophobia of traditional Judaism. 2111:L'shanah haba'ah b'Yerushalayim hab'nuyah! 1690:(darkness) – Egypt was covered in darkness 1592:with a strong hand and an outstretched arm 34: 4003:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3700: 3461:Esther M. Broner | Jewish Women's Archive 2845: 2843: 2143: 1955:(cup of Elijah the Prophet); Miriam's cup 1132: 1069: 690:communities (to the general exception of 3780: 3677: 3534: 3466: 3463:. Jwa.org. Retrieved on 18 October 2011. 3437:Non-Fiction: The Many Seders of Passover 3346: 2772: 2770: 2666:"16 – The Seder Night – Peninei Halakha" 2418:issued guidance (though not an official 2348: 1916: 1848: 1594:, and with great terribleness, and with 1383: 999: 820: 812: 714: 650: 411:" and drinking of the second cup of wine 4453:Yom HaShoah (Holocaust Remembrance Day) 4042: 3849: 3847: 3570:"Jewish Rituals for On the Seder Table" 2798: 1937:The drinking of the Third Cup of Wine. 1815: 1264: 1079: 4627: 4115: 4092: 3965: 3937: 3806: 3598: 3065:Israel Koschitzky Virtual Beit Midrash 3000: 2973:The Complete ArtScroll Machzor: Pesach 2840: 2813:April 14, 2014, Israel National News, 1682:(locusts) – Locusts swarmed over Egypt 1396:, inscribed with the opening words of 1142: 894:The six items on the Seder plate are: 848:connects them to the four Matriarchs: 710: 705: 671:and dishes of salt water for dipping. 635:explained in the Haggadah, if not for 4614:Jewish and Israeli holidays 2000–2050 4168: 3909: 3754: 3347:Esserman, Rachel (1 September 2006). 3052: 2776: 2767: 2742:"Themes of Maggid - Jewish Tradition" 2536: 2523: 1292: 1211:(blessings and the first cup of wine) 1046: 921:, may be eaten in fulfillment of the 4024:MetroWest Daily News, Framingham, MA 3931: 3881: 3844: 3781:Friedman, Matthew (April 17, 2019). 3183:A Guide to Jewish Religious Practice 3040:"300 Ways to Ask The Four Questions" 2305: 1826: 1714:for the plagues is also introduced: 232:did for me when I came out of Egypt. 3903: 3626:"chabad of Eugene – Passover Seder" 2533: 2520: 2250: 2067:in its entirety. Sephardim recite 2049:which normally follows Hallel, and 1859: 1222: 1197: 1187: 1177: 1167: 1157: 1147: 1137: 1127: 1114: 1104: 1094: 1084: 1074: 1064: 806: 796: 786: 776: 617: 597: 575: 550: 530: 510: 487: 464: 442: 422: 398: 373: 347: 327: 303: 213:. The Seder itself is based on the 175:. Passover lasts for seven days in 13: 3875: 2849: 2758: 2148: 1860:מיר צוגרייטן די טיש און עסן די פיש 885:The special Passover Seder plate ( 14: 4666: 4135: 4017: 3058: 2429: 2380: 1674:(hail) – Hail rained from the sky 1310:, was to dip the karpas in wine. 539:– the serving of the holiday meal 4468:Yom Yerushalayim (Jerusalem Day) 4463:Yom HaAtzmaut (Independence Day) 4093:Wrobel, Sharon (18 April 2022). 3882:Cook, David T. (25 March 2013). 3807:Burack, Emily (March 27, 2019). 3678:Reynolds, Simon (9 April 2021). 3152:University of Pennsylvania Press 2528:, 'Passover order/arrangement'; 2491: 2434:In 2022, the Israeli astronaut, 2257:Christian observance of Passover 2207: 2181:. Miriam's cup is linked to the 1995:. Miriam's cup is linked to the 1531: 957:) at the beginning of the Seder. 757: 221:Jews to retell the story of the 40:Table set for the Passover Seder 4109: 4086: 4062: 4043:Kavaler, Tara (April 8, 2020). 4036: 4011: 3959: 3938:Fabian, Jordan (3 April 2015). 3826: 3800: 3774: 3755:Feder, Shira (March 26, 2018). 3748: 3723: 3643: 3618: 3599:Berger, Joseph (8 April 2011). 3592: 3528: 3509: 3478: 3454: 3442: 3430: 3418: 3405: 3267: 3210: 3188: 3175: 3104: 3083: 3032: 2989: 2915: 2904: 2874: 2826:April 15th, 2014, Global Post, 2820: 2815:Volunteers Save Kathmandu Seder 2807: 2734: 1895:. After the consumption of the 1319:(breaking of the middle matzah) 4427:Rosh Hashanah LeMa'sar Behemah 4147:Chabad.org: The Passover Seder 3910:Ferst, Devra (21 March 2013). 3601:"Giving a Haggadah a Makeover" 3537:"An Orange on the Seder Plate" 2709: 2691: 2678: 2658: 2638: 2589: 2578: 2554: 2484: 2312:American civil rights movement 1342:"Bivhilu yatzanu mi-mitzrayim" 880: 1: 3889:The Christian Science Monitor 3253:. Mesorah Publications, Ltd. 3148:Jewish Magic and Superstition 3112:"Jewish Holidays > Pesach" 2646:"Mishna, Pesahim, Chapter 10" 2547: 2277:to lead and teach on it. The 2032:, are recited at this point. 746:(the "poor person's bread"), 431:– second washing of the hands 4458:Yom HaZikaron (Memorial Day) 3653:. 2004-04-16. Archived from 3029:Talmud Bavli, Pesachim, 116a 2923:"OzTorah: Four Cups of Wine" 2804:sefer hachinuch, mi tzvah 21 2357:in 2009 (White House photo). 1923:Jewish Museum of Switzerland 1192: 659:representing the Seder table 278:is a transliteration of the 270: 205: 7: 2450: 2440:International Space Station 1795: 1790:Two blessings are recited. 1786:(blessings over the Matzah) 1782: 1769: 1716: 1694: 1686: 1678: 1670: 1658: 1650: 1642: 1627: 1619: 1611: 1497: 1478: 1470: 1462: 1454: 1446: 1422: 1398: 1370: 1361: 1350: 1341: 1315: 1294: 1266: 1256: 1250: 1236: 1228: 1226:) is Hebrew Imperative for 1216: 1207: 1122: 1010: 987: 967: 887: 611: 589: 569: 544: 524: 504: 481: 458: 436: 416: 392: 367: 341: 321: 297: 289: 10: 4671: 4329:Yom tov sheni shel galuyot 4074:www.rabbinicalassembly.org 3731:"The Origins of the Seder" 2355:White House Passover Seder 2353:The Obamas host the first 2345:White House Passover Seder 2342: 2339:White House Passover Seder 2265:, especially but not only 2254: 2105:, and especially those in 2083: 2077: 1877: 1429: 1377: 1274:Technically, according to 1242:Three Pilgrimage Festivals 981:: A roast egg – usually a 336:– the washing of the hands 135:Three Pilgrimage Festivals 18: 4609: 4536: 4501: 4473:Yom HaAliyah (Aliyah Day) 4439: 4347: 4271: 4243: 4222: 4207: 3491:Pittsburgh Tribune-Review 3326:. Jweekly.com. 2015-04-02 2882:"The Seder in a Nutshell" 2375:Emancipation Proclamation 2216:(tractate Pesachim) as a 2059:. Most Ashkenazim recite 2055:, which normally follows 1802: 1773:(ritual washing of hands) 1662:(boils) – An epidemic of 1488:destruction of the temple 1374:(invitation to the Seder) 655:A Ukrainian 19th-century 473:– blessing before eating 453:– blessing over the bread 130: 122: 114: 106: 98: 87: 79: 71: 63: 45: 33: 28: 4202:holidays and observances 3735:The Schechter Institutes 2888:. Chabad. Archived from 2837:, Accessed June 28, 2014 2477: 2296:gone their separate ways 1953:Kos shel Eliyahu ha-Navi 1733:, a feminist variant of 800:) and the fourth is for 155:at the beginning of the 4116:Sicker, Martin (2004). 3114:. Kolel. Archived from 2784:. Feldheim publishers. 2764:Mishnah Berurah, 472:13 2721:www.merriam-webster.com 2406:rabbis but eschewed by 2267:Evangelical Protestants 1967:3:66 among Ashkenazim. 1933:(the Third Cup of Wine) 1717:"D'tzach Adash B'achav" 1666:afflicted the Egyptians 1596:signs, and with wonders 1495: 4650:Jewish sacrificial law 4645:Jewish law and rituals 4258:Ten Days of Repentance 3200:www.virginitymovie.com 2525:[ˈsederˈpesaχ] 2444:science and technology 2420:Conservative responsum 2367:Old Family Dining Room 2358: 2329:Unitarian Universalist 2300:cultural appropriation 2144:Non-traditional Seders 2099:Next year in Jerusalem 1926: 1854: 1402: 1289:do recite a blessing. 1203: 903:: Bitter herbs, which 826: 818: 780:), the second is for ' 723: 660: 628:Next Year in Jerusalem 21:Seder (disambiguation) 4290:Fast of the Firstborn 2929:. Rabbi Raymond Apple 2717:"Definition of SEDER" 2607:Encyclopaedia Judaica 2352: 2163:Letty Cottin Pogrebin 2071:alone after Nishmat. 1920: 1853:A Seder table setting 1852: 1387: 1354:(relating the Exodus) 1244:, but also refers to 1057: 1000:Focus on the children 824: 816: 718: 654: 4640:Jewish festive meals 4392:Counting of the Omer 3497:on February 12, 2019 3411:Kolatch, Alfred J. 3154:. pp. 166–167. 3140:Trachtenberg, Joshua 2416:Conservative Judaism 1426:(The Four Questions) 817:Passover Seder table 790:), the third is for 183:, eight days in the 4601:Adar and Adar Sheni 3861:The Huffington Post 3249:The Family Haggadah 3091:"CSJO: Fifth Child" 2684:Babylonian Talmud, 2412:Rabbinical Assembly 2234:Former Soviet Union 1906:(Grace after Meals) 1705:Don Isaac Abravanel 993:Temple in Jerusalem 973:Temple in Jerusalem 711:Slavery and freedom 706:Themes of the Seder 637:divine intervention 451:"Who brings out..." 67:Religious, cultural 3996:has generic name ( 3840:. 9 February 2015. 3605:The New York Times 3521:2010-11-02 at the 3302:2015-05-04 at the 3059:Bazak, Rav Amnon. 2833:2014-06-29 at the 2782:Halachos of Pesach 2598:Berenbaum, Michael 2361:In 2009 President 2359: 2271:the ancient rubric 2155:Esther M. Broner's 2109:, recite instead " 1927: 1855: 1731:The Women's Dayenu 1635:were afflicted by 1432:the four questions 1403: 1392:plate designed by 1308:Meir of Rothenburg 1047:Order of the Seder 827: 819: 724: 661: 409:the four questions 252:commentaries, and 173:Gregorian calendar 4622: 4621: 4435: 4434: 3260:978-0-89906-178-8 2982:978-0-89906-696-7 2791:978-0-87306-864-2 2626:cite encyclopedia 2617:978-0-02-866097-4 2538:[ˈseider] 2395:social distancing 2391:COVID-19 pandemic 2387:videoconferencing 2306:Interfaith Seders 2179:guided meditation 2012:(songs of praise) 1993:guided meditation 1942:Grace after Meals 1739:Michele Landsberg 696:Reconstructionist 356:– dipping of the 199:, taken from the 145: 144: 118:Evening, 12 April 110:Evening, 22 April 4662: 4274:Three Pilgrimage 4220: 4219: 4189: 4182: 4175: 4166: 4165: 4131: 4103: 4102: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4080: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4030: 4015: 4009: 4008: 4001: 3995: 3991: 3989: 3981: 3979: 3978: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3851: 3842: 3841: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3787:Politics/Letters 3778: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3743: 3742: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3718: 3717: 3707: 3698: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3675: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3662: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3637: 3628:. Archived from 3622: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3576:. Archived from 3566: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3539:. Archived from 3532: 3526: 3513: 3507: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3493:. Archived from 3482: 3476: 3470: 3464: 3458: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3399: 3384: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3364: 3353: 3344: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3331: 3316: 3307: 3294: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3281: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3252: 3242: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3229: 3214: 3208: 3207: 3202:. Archived from 3192: 3186: 3179: 3173: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3150:. Philadelphia: 3136: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3123: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3098: 3087: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3046: 3036: 3030: 3027: 3018: 3017: 3015: 3014: 3004: 2998: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2968: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2955: 2945: 2939: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2919: 2913: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2892:on 17 March 2011 2878: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2862:on 21 April 2011 2858:. Archived from 2850:Marcus, Yossef. 2847: 2838: 2824: 2818: 2811: 2805: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2774: 2765: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2752: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2728: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2695: 2689: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2672: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2652: 2642: 2636: 2635: 2629: 2621: 2593: 2587: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2572: 2558: 2541: 2540: 2535: 2527: 2522: 2514: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2488: 2272: 2251:Christian Seders 2226:Chabad-Lubavitch 2220:(group). In the 2193:Susannah Heschel 2093:L'shanah haba'ah 1981:Kos shel Eliyahu 1862: 1861: 1798: 1785: 1772: 1719: 1697: 1689: 1681: 1673: 1661: 1653: 1645: 1630: 1622: 1614: 1538:Jerusalem Talmud 1500: 1481: 1473: 1465: 1457: 1449: 1425: 1401: 1373: 1364: 1353: 1344: 1318: 1297: 1269: 1259: 1253: 1239: 1233: 1225: 1224: 1219: 1210: 1200: 1199: 1190: 1189: 1180: 1179: 1170: 1169: 1160: 1159: 1150: 1149: 1140: 1139: 1130: 1129: 1117: 1116: 1107: 1106: 1097: 1096: 1087: 1086: 1077: 1076: 1067: 1066: 1017: 990: 970: 890: 809: 808: 799: 798: 789: 788: 779: 778: 700:Kathmandu, Nepal 620: 619: 614: 600: 599: 594: 578: 577: 572: 559:– eating of the 553: 552: 547: 533: 532: 527: 513: 512: 507: 496:– eating of the 490: 489: 484: 467: 466: 461: 445: 444: 439: 425: 424: 419: 401: 400: 395: 376: 375: 370: 350: 349: 344: 330: 329: 324: 306: 305: 300: 235: 230: 208: 179:and, among most 126:Evening, 1 April 102:Evening, 5 April 46:Observed by 38: 26: 25: 4670: 4669: 4665: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4660: 4659: 4625: 4624: 4623: 4618: 4605: 4532: 4508: 4506: 4497: 4446: 4443: 4431: 4407:The Three Weeks 4357:Fast of Gedalia 4343: 4317:Shemini Atzeret 4278: 4275: 4267: 4239: 4235:Special Shabbat 4216: 4213: 4211: 4203: 4193: 4160:Eliezer Melamed 4156:Peninei Halakha 4152:The seder night 4138: 4128: 4112: 4107: 4106: 4091: 4087: 4078: 4076: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4053: 4051: 4041: 4037: 4028: 4026: 4018:Bosma, Alison. 4016: 4012: 4002: 3993: 3992: 3983: 3982: 3976: 3974: 3964: 3960: 3950: 3948: 3936: 3932: 3922: 3920: 3908: 3904: 3894: 3892: 3880: 3876: 3866: 3864: 3852: 3845: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3817: 3815: 3805: 3801: 3791: 3789: 3779: 3775: 3765: 3763: 3753: 3749: 3740: 3738: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3715: 3713: 3709: 3708: 3701: 3691: 3689: 3676: 3669: 3660: 3658: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3635: 3633: 3624: 3623: 3619: 3609: 3607: 3597: 3593: 3583: 3581: 3568: 3567: 3556: 3546: 3544: 3543:on 1 April 2010 3533: 3529: 3523:Wayback Machine 3514: 3510: 3500: 3498: 3483: 3479: 3471: 3467: 3459: 3455: 3447: 3443: 3435: 3431: 3423: 3419: 3410: 3406: 3397: 3395: 3386: 3385: 3378: 3368: 3366: 3362: 3351: 3345: 3338: 3329: 3327: 3318: 3317: 3310: 3304:Wayback Machine 3295: 3288: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3272: 3268: 3261: 3243: 3236: 3227: 3225: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3180: 3176: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3137: 3130: 3121: 3119: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3096: 3094: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3074: 3072: 3061:"The Four Sons" 3057: 3053: 3044: 3042: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3028: 3021: 3012: 3010: 3006: 3005: 3001: 2994: 2990: 2983: 2969: 2962: 2953: 2951: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2932: 2930: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2909: 2905: 2895: 2893: 2880: 2879: 2875: 2865: 2863: 2848: 2841: 2835:Wayback Machine 2825: 2821: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2799: 2792: 2775: 2768: 2763: 2759: 2750: 2748: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2726: 2724: 2715: 2714: 2710: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2683: 2679: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2623: 2622: 2618: 2594: 2590: 2583: 2579: 2570: 2568: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2544: 2494: 2490: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2457:Jewish holidays 2453: 2432: 2383: 2347: 2341: 2322:, published in 2318:was written by 2308: 2287:Maundy Thursday 2270: 2259: 2253: 2224:, for example, 2210: 2167:Phyllis Chesler 2151: 2149:Feminist Seders 2146: 2095:b'Yerushalayim! 2088: 2082: 2014: 1957: 1946:Cup of Blessing 1935: 1910:The recital of 1908: 1882: 1876: 1870:(eating of the 1847: 1832: 1821: 1807: 1788: 1775: 1695:Makkat Bechorot 1586:Four verses in 1584: 1534: 1434: 1428: 1394:Maurice Ascalon 1382: 1376: 1356: 1321: 1300: 1272: 1213: 1049: 1002: 988:korban chagigah 983:hard-boiled egg 883: 760: 713: 708: 525:Shulchan oreich 292: 273: 233: 228: 185:Jewish diaspora 169:Hebrew calendar 131:Related to 41: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4668: 4658: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4635:Passover seder 4620: 4619: 4617: 4616: 4610: 4607: 4606: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4542: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4517: 4511: 4509: 4504:Israeli ethnic 4502: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4495: 4490: 4488:Jabotinsky Day 4485: 4480: 4478:Ben-Gurion Day 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4449: 4447: 4442:Israeli public 4440: 4437: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4402:17th of Tammuz 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4377:Fast of Esther 4374: 4369: 4367:Tenth of Tevet 4364: 4359: 4354: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4312:Hoshana Rabbah 4304: 4299: 4298: 4297: 4292: 4281: 4279: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4249: 4247: 4245:High Holy Days 4241: 4240: 4238: 4237: 4232: 4226: 4224: 4217: 4208: 4205: 4204: 4192: 4191: 4184: 4177: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4149: 4144: 4137: 4136:External links 4134: 4133: 4132: 4127:978-0595313693 4126: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4104: 4099:Algemeiner.com 4085: 4061: 4049:The Media Line 4035: 4010: 3958: 3930: 3902: 3874: 3843: 3825: 3799: 3773: 3747: 3722: 3699: 3667: 3642: 3617: 3591: 3574:Ritualwell.org 3554: 3535:Tamara Cohen. 3527: 3508: 3477: 3465: 3453: 3441: 3429: 3417: 3404: 3388:"Miriam's Cup" 3376: 3336: 3308: 3286: 3266: 3259: 3234: 3209: 3206:on 2015-04-10. 3187: 3181:Klein, Isaac. 3174: 3160: 3128: 3103: 3082: 3071:on 18 May 2013 3051: 3031: 3019: 2999: 2988: 2981: 2960: 2940: 2914: 2903: 2873: 2839: 2819: 2806: 2797: 2790: 2766: 2757: 2733: 2708: 2705:on 2016-04-15. 2690: 2677: 2657: 2637: 2616: 2588: 2577: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2542: 2482: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2474: 2472:Passover songs 2469: 2464: 2459: 2452: 2449: 2431: 2430:Seder in space 2428: 2382: 2381:Virtual Seders 2379: 2343:Main article: 2340: 2337: 2316:Freedom Seder, 2307: 2304: 2275:Messianic Jews 2252: 2249: 2209: 2206: 2159:Gloria Steinem 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2119:Beit Hamikdash 2086:Passover songs 2084:Main article: 2081: 2076: 2013: 2007: 1956: 1950: 1934: 1928: 1925:’s collection. 1912:Birkat Hamazon 1907: 1901: 1878:Main article: 1875: 1865: 1846: 1843:Shulchan Orech 1840: 1831: 1825: 1820: 1819:(bitter herbs) 1814: 1806: 1801: 1787: 1779: 1774: 1766: 1700: 1699: 1691: 1683: 1675: 1667: 1655: 1647: 1639: 1624: 1616: 1583: 1582:"Go and learn" 1580: 1556: 1552: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1503: 1502: 1494: 1484: 1483: 1475: 1467: 1459: 1451: 1430:Main article: 1427: 1419: 1399:Ha Lachma Anya 1380:Ha Lachma Anya 1378:Main article: 1375: 1371:Ha Lachma Anya 1367: 1355: 1347: 1320: 1312: 1299: 1291: 1271: 1263: 1212: 1204: 1153:Shulchan Orech 1048: 1045: 1001: 998: 997: 996: 976: 958: 934: 926: 912: 882: 879: 792:Birkat Hamazon 759: 756: 712: 709: 707: 704: 632: 631: 607: 585: 565: 540: 520: 500: 477: 454: 432: 412: 388: 363: 337: 317: 291: 288: 272: 269: 254:Passover songs 201:Book of Exodus 157:Jewish holiday 149:Passover Seder 143: 142: 137:(particularly 132: 128: 127: 124: 123:2026 date 120: 119: 116: 115:2025 date 112: 111: 108: 107:2024 date 104: 103: 100: 99:2023 date 96: 95: 89: 85: 84: 81: 77: 76: 73: 69: 68: 65: 61: 60: 47: 43: 42: 39: 31: 30: 29:Passover Seder 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4667: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4615: 4612: 4611: 4608: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4538:Hebrew months 4535: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4438: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4412:The Nine Days 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4346: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4323: 4322:Simchat Torah 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4309: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4287: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4270: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4253:Rosh Hashanah 4251: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4242: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4206: 4201: 4197: 4190: 4185: 4183: 4178: 4176: 4171: 4170: 4167: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4129: 4123: 4120:. iUniverse. 4119: 4114: 4113: 4100: 4096: 4089: 4075: 4071: 4065: 4050: 4046: 4039: 4025: 4021: 4014: 4006: 3999: 3987: 3973: 3969: 3962: 3947: 3946: 3941: 3934: 3919: 3918: 3913: 3906: 3891: 3890: 3885: 3878: 3863: 3862: 3857: 3850: 3848: 3839: 3835: 3829: 3814: 3810: 3803: 3788: 3784: 3777: 3762: 3758: 3751: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3712: 3706: 3704: 3687: 3686: 3681: 3674: 3672: 3657:on 2009-02-15 3656: 3652: 3646: 3632:on 2009-02-17 3631: 3627: 3621: 3606: 3602: 3595: 3580:on 2013-04-15 3579: 3575: 3571: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3542: 3538: 3531: 3524: 3520: 3517: 3512: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3481: 3474: 3469: 3462: 3457: 3450: 3445: 3438: 3433: 3426: 3421: 3414: 3408: 3394:on 2015-03-03 3393: 3389: 3383: 3381: 3365:on 2014-04-07 3361: 3357: 3350: 3343: 3341: 3325: 3321: 3315: 3313: 3305: 3301: 3298: 3293: 3291: 3276: 3270: 3262: 3256: 3251: 3250: 3241: 3239: 3224:on 2015-04-01 3223: 3219: 3213: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3191: 3184: 3178: 3163: 3161:9780812218626 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3135: 3133: 3118:on 2011-11-08 3117: 3113: 3107: 3092: 3086: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3055: 3041: 3035: 3026: 3024: 3009: 3003: 2997: 2992: 2984: 2978: 2974: 2967: 2965: 2950: 2944: 2928: 2924: 2918: 2912: 2907: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2877: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2846: 2844: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2823: 2816: 2810: 2801: 2793: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2778:Eider, Shimon 2773: 2771: 2761: 2747: 2743: 2737: 2722: 2718: 2712: 2704: 2700: 2694: 2687: 2681: 2667: 2661: 2647: 2641: 2633: 2627: 2619: 2613: 2609: 2608: 2603: 2602:Skolnik, Fred 2599: 2592: 2586: 2581: 2567: 2563: 2557: 2553: 2539: 2531: 2526: 2518: 2512: 2487: 2483: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2336: 2334: 2330: 2325: 2321: 2320:Arthur Waskow 2317: 2313: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2208:Public Seders 2205: 2202: 2199: 2194: 2190: 2189:Miriam's well 2186: 2185: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2141: 2139: 2138:Song of Songs 2134: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2094: 2087: 2080: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2041: 2040: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2011: 2006: 2004: 2003:Miriam's well 2000: 1999: 1994: 1990: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1954: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1932: 1924: 1919: 1915: 1913: 1905: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1887: 1881: 1873: 1869: 1864: 1851: 1844: 1839: 1837: 1829: 1824: 1818: 1813: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1797: 1791: 1784: 1778: 1771: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1727: 1721: 1718: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1631:(lice) – The 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1608: 1607: 1605: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1539: 1532:The Four Sons 1529: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1509: 1506: 1499: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1489: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1433: 1424: 1423:Mah Nishtanah 1418: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1372: 1366: 1363: 1352: 1346: 1343: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1331: 1326: 1317: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1296: 1290: 1288: 1287:Gaon of Vilna 1284: 1279: 1277: 1268: 1262: 1258: 1252: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1232: 1231: 1218: 1209: 1202: 1194: 1184: 1174: 1164: 1154: 1144: 1134: 1124: 1121: 1111: 1101: 1091: 1081: 1071: 1061: 1056: 1054: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1027: 1023: 1021: 1016: 1014: 1006: 994: 989: 984: 980: 977: 974: 969: 968:korban Pesach 964: 963: 959: 956: 955:Yemenite Jews 952: 948: 944: 940: 939: 935: 932: 931: 927: 924: 920: 916: 913: 910: 906: 902: 901: 897: 896: 895: 892: 889: 878: 874: 871: 867: 864:. (The three 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 842:world to come 839: 835: 830: 823: 815: 811: 803: 793: 783: 773: 769: 765: 758:The Four Cups 755: 753: 749: 745: 740: 737: 733: 728: 722: 719:Machine-made 717: 703: 701: 697: 693: 689: 684: 680: 678: 672: 670: 666: 658: 653: 649: 647: 642: 638: 629: 625: 622: 613: 608: 605: 602: 593: 592: 586: 583: 580: 571: 566: 564: 563: 558: 555: 546: 541: 538: 535: 526: 521: 518: 515: 506: 501: 499: 495: 492: 483: 478: 476: 472: 469: 460: 455: 452: 449: 448: 438: 433: 430: 427: 418: 413: 410: 406: 403: 394: 389: 387: 386: 381: 378: 369: 364: 362:in salt water 361: 360: 355: 352: 343: 338: 335: 332: 323: 318: 315: 312:– recital of 311: 308: 299: 294: 293: 287: 285: 281: 277: 268: 266: 262: 257: 255: 251: 248:and rituals, 247: 243: 240:, an ancient 239: 231: 224: 220: 216: 212: 207: 202: 198: 197:ancient Egypt 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 140: 136: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 59: 55: 51: 48: 44: 37: 32: 27: 22: 4352:Rosh Chodesh 4295:Pesach Sheni 4212:holidays and 4117: 4110:Bibliography 4098: 4088: 4077:. Retrieved 4073: 4064: 4052:. Retrieved 4048: 4038: 4027:. Retrieved 4023: 4013: 3975:. Retrieved 3971: 3961: 3949:. Retrieved 3943: 3933: 3921:. Retrieved 3915: 3905: 3893:. Retrieved 3887: 3877: 3865:. Retrieved 3859: 3837: 3828: 3818:February 25, 3816:. Retrieved 3812: 3802: 3792:February 25, 3790:. Retrieved 3786: 3776: 3766:February 25, 3764:. Retrieved 3750: 3739:. Retrieved 3737:. 2006-04-11 3734: 3725: 3714:. Retrieved 3690:. Retrieved 3685:Church Times 3683: 3659:. Retrieved 3655:the original 3645: 3634:. Retrieved 3630:the original 3620: 3608:. Retrieved 3604: 3594: 3582:. Retrieved 3578:the original 3573: 3545:. Retrieved 3541:the original 3530: 3511: 3501:February 10, 3499:. Retrieved 3495:the original 3490: 3480: 3468: 3456: 3444: 3432: 3420: 3412: 3407: 3396:. Retrieved 3392:the original 3367:. Retrieved 3360:the original 3356:The Reporter 3355: 3328:. Retrieved 3323: 3278:. Retrieved 3269: 3248: 3226:. 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The 2384: 2363:Barack Obama 2360: 2323: 2315: 2309: 2260: 2238: 2217: 2211: 2203: 2182: 2175:Rosh Chodesh 2152: 2135: 2122: 2115: 2110: 2091: 2089: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2050: 2046: 2044: 2037: 2015: 2009: 1996: 1989:Rosh Chodesh 1985: 1980: 1969: 1965:Lamentations 1958: 1952: 1939: 1936: 1930: 1909: 1903: 1896: 1892: 1890: 1885: 1883: 1871: 1867: 1856: 1842: 1833: 1827: 1822: 1816: 1811: 1808: 1803: 1799:in Hebrew). 1792: 1789: 1776: 1750:Paschal lamb 1745: 1743: 1734: 1730: 1724: 1722: 1701: 1600: 1585: 1577: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1547: 1543: 1535: 1527: 1507: 1504: 1485: 1435: 1404: 1357: 1338: 1335: 1328: 1322: 1301: 1280: 1273: 1270:(wash hands) 1214: 1058: 1050: 1040: 1036: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1007: 1003: 978: 960: 936: 928: 914: 908: 898: 893: 884: 875: 831: 828: 761: 741: 736:tenth plague 729: 725: 685: 681: 673: 662: 646:Jewish faith 633: 623: 609: 603: 587: 581: 567: 560: 556: 542: 536: 522: 516: 502: 493: 479: 470: 456: 450: 446: 434: 428: 414: 404: 390: 383: 379: 365: 357: 353: 339: 333: 319: 309: 295: 275: 274: 258: 151:is a ritual 148: 146: 91:15th day of 80:Celebrations 72:Significance 4387:Purim Katan 4334:Chol HaMoed 4214:observances 3994:|last= 3917:The Forward 3761:The Forward 3144:"STRATAGEM" 2927:Oztorah.com 2746:yahadut.org 2585:Exodus 13:8 2566:yahadut.org 2404:Progressive 2371:White House 2283:Last Supper 2101:!" 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